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Home Education Story Osiris the god of Ancient Egypt.
Image and symbol of the God Osiris
Osiris is the god of Ancient Egypt.
Image and symbol of the God Osiris
Education History
Av.
Elena Tomilova
April 17, 2015
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Egyptian mythology is one of the oldest in the world.
Over the years, the supreme god became the master of the land of the dead, the god Osiris, whose cult evoked a sense of respect and fear.
It was he who decided what the soul deserved: eternal life or oblivion.
Every person came to his court, where good deeds and sins were weighed.
Divine Dynasty Myths are always interesting.
Ancient people believed that the gods are not alien to everything human, and especially in feelings.
Therefore, they fell in love, quarreled, gave birth to children.
This is what the legends tell about.
Egyptian legends say that earlier the earth was an endless ocean.
It was covered with waves, cold and dead.
The ocean was called Nun.
But one day a phoenix bird flew over the boundless water and changed the expanses with its cry.
Atum, the first deity, descended from the surface.
After a few generations, Osiris appeared.
The forefather God realized that the sea would freeze again without wind, and created the son of Shu.
Together with him, his twin daughter Tefnut was born, who became the patroness of the ocean, order and thought.
They were two deities with one soul, female and male.
Subsequently, it was the patroness of water who helped create the world.
The father lost his children and searched for them for a long time.
To find the firstborn, he put out his eye and threw it into the water.
The Eye had to find the children.
But Atum managed it himself and was so happy that a lotus appeared out of the water, and from it the god Ra - the lord of the sun.
He began to cry with happiness, and his tears turned into people.
Later, this god became a reflection of Atum.
But the eye, which had spent its strength, was offended and in anger became a snake.
Then the supreme god placed it on his crown.
Shu and Tefnut became the first heavenly couple.
They had two children: Geb the patron of the earth and Nut the owner of the sky.
They loved each other so much that they did not break their embrace.
Therefore, from the very beginning, the earth and the sky were connected.
But when they quarreled, Ra ordered the wind Shu to separate them.
The height made her dizzy, so her father, the wind, supported her during the day, and lowered her to the ground every night.
Mother Tefnut the goddess of dew and rain - also held her daughter, but she quickly got tired.
When it was hard for her, water poured on the ground.
In the dark, Chickpeas met with her husband.
Ra, having learned about this, was angry.
He cursed Chickpeas so that she would not give birth.
But through the cunning of Totu, she was still able to have children, among whom was the god of Egypt Osiris.
The wisdom of the great god Thoth - the patron of wisdom and magic decided to help the heavenly Chickpeas.
He went to the moon and won 5 days from her by cunning.
Then Nut and Heb had children.
The first was Osiris.
His brothers and sisters were Nephthys the ruler of the dead, Isis kept love and fate, Seth evil.
When Osiris was born, a voice said that this would be the lord of all things.
According to legends, it was believed that he was a direct descendant of Ra.
Growing up, Osiris took the throne of Heb's father.
This was the fourth god Pharaoh.
The first thing he did when he took the throne was to teach people wisdom.
Before that, the tribes lived as savages and ate their own kind.
The Pharaoh taught to eat and grow cereals.
The One who was a symbol of wisdom came to the rescue.
Together they established the main laws.
He came up with names, gave names to things, gave writing, taught art and various crafts.
The Egyptian god Osiris told how to worship the higher powers.
He was a master of agriculture and forced everyone to work.
With his will, people learned medicine and magic.
They made wine and brewed beer.
Cities were built with his installations.
Ore and copper were processed.
The reign was called the Golden Age.
The reign was carried out without bloodshed and wars.
He married, according to family tradition, his sister Isis, who fell in love with him while still in the womb.
Having put his lands in order, he went to the neighboring lands, where chaos still reigned.
He began to rule with peace and wisdom in other tribes.
A wife remained on the throne, who passed on to her people the knowledge of household management and the science of family life.
While Osiris was sharing his experience, his brother Seth secretly fell in love with Isis.
His feelings were so strong that he decided to remove his brother from the world.
Seth didnot look for supporters for long.
Many demons did not like the current situation.
The brother of the god Osiris made a sarcophagus, gilded it and decorated it with expensive stones.
Before that, he secretly measured the growth of the god of fertility.
Then he arranged a feast, where he invited the elite of Egypt.
When the guests were drunk with wine, Seth took out the box.
The audience gasped at the beauty they saw.
They liked the chest.
Then the god of evil said that he would give it to someone who would fit perfectly there.
Everyone decided to try to lie down in a box, but it was tight for one, long for the other.
When Osiris lay down there, the traitors closed the lid and boarded up the coffin.
The trap worked.
The box was taken out and thrown into the river.
But the current did not carry the sarcophagus into the sea.
Egyptian mythology clearly indicates that there is a line of life and death beyond the Nile.
The river carried him away from the land of people to the realm of souls.
God, who was considered eternal, passed into the world of the dead.
After learning about the trick, Isis began to wear mourning.
She grieved for a long time and searched the earth for the body of her beloved.
After a while, the woman was prompted where the coffin was seen.
But the box was overgrown with heather, and one of the kings took it to his palace as a column.
Isis found out about this and began serving in the castle as a commoner.
Subsequently, the inconsolable widow took away the sarcophagus.
The severed heather that stood as a pillar was later used as a symbol of the god Osiris.
When the lid was opened, the goddess burst into tears.
In Egypt, she hid a box in the Nile Delta.
The great power of divine love was another reason why Seth hated his brother.
According to family tradition, children of the same parents were married.
This happened in a pair of twins Shu and Tefnut, Chickpeas and Geb.
This fate also awaited their children Osiris and Isis and Seth plus Nephthys.
The God of evil was married to his second sister.
But this woman sincerely fell in love with the Egyptian pharaoh and, concurrently, her own brother.
One night, she reincarnated as Isis and shared a bed with him.
So the son of Duat Anubis was born, who became a master of mummification.
The woman hid the truth from Seth for a long time.
But when the situation turned against Osiris, she switched to the side of good and became an ally of her sister.
Then the events unfold as follows.
One evening, Seth was fishing on the Nile and came across a sarcophagus.
In a fit of anger, he cut his brother's body into 14 parts and scattered them all over the world.
Poor Isis and her sister started looking for the body.
The search was successful, we found all the pieces except the phallus.
Subsequently, it was replaced with clay.
A temple was built where the body part was taken from.
Seth saw the sanctuary and thought that the ashes were buried forever, not even suspecting that they wanted to resurrect the enemy.
The wife of the god Osiris and his supporters, the sister of Nephthys, the friend of Thoth and the son of Anubis, created a mummy.
The process lasted 70 days.
Isis was also very sad because she did not have children.
But due to great magic, she turned into a Hut bird, said spells and became pregnant.
The fate of the heir For a long time, the widow, who was waiting for the baby, was hiding.
When she gave birth, she said that her son would avenge his father's death.
The child was named Chorus.
Isis raised him and waited for the day when justice would prevail.
The entire pantheon was protecting her and the baby from a bad Set.
When the Choir grew up, there was a battle with my uncle for the throne.
During the war, Seth knocked out his nephew's eye.
One of the legends says that when the eye returned to its owner, the Choir took it to the mummy.
The son of the god Osiris put an eye into the body of the deceased, and he was resurrected.
But the man no longer belonged to this world, but was supposed to rule the realm of the dead.
Before parting, the father asked several riddles to the Choir and made sure that his son would be able to adequately replace him.
Then he blessed the child for victory.
Since then, the Egyptians believed that everyone passes the path of Osiris, that is, dies and rises again.
And mummification does not allow the body to smolder.
Like this god, nature is resurrected every year.
In the next world, he weighs the sins of people and acts as a judge.
For 80 years, the battles of uncle and nephew continued.
Tired of constant wars, Seth and Hor turned to the higher gods.
The court decided that the throne belongs to the son of Osiris.
Seth became the lord of the desert and the storm.
The god of Egypt, Osiris, and his son were the last mystical rulers.
After them, people ruled the earth.
The image of this being is extremely complex and has undergone many transformations.
It is believed that his first name was Jedu, and he was worshipped in the eastern part of the Nile Delta.
Then his essence merged with the face of Anjeta, the patron saint of another city.
Therefore, the shepherd's staff and whip appeared in his hands.
Over the years, he acquires new powers, becomes the king of farmers and acquires a vine and a lotus.
Since 1600 BC, it has been depicted as a sprouted grain.
At the end of the New Kingdom, it was associated with Ra.
The image of the god Osiris began to be served with a solar disk above his head.
Having become the head of the dead, he did not stop showing off among the riot of plants.
A pond where a lotus grew spread out in front of his feet.
A tree was placed nearby, on which the soul sat in the face of a phoenix.
The kingdom of the dead Having left the earthly world, god became the ruler of the dead.
Mythology says that he headed 42 deities who decided the fate of the deceased.
Everyone who passed into the afterlife got into the hall of two truths.
The person took an oath of renunciation, the essence of which is that the speaker began the phrases with the prefix "not": he did not break, he did not deceive.
Then the weighing procedure took place.
The heart of the deceased was placed on the scales on one side, and the feather of the goddess of truth on the other.
Osiris was watching everything.
God determined the fate of the afterlife.
There were two options: the happiness of the fields of Iaru, where joy and fun, or the heart of a sinner was given to the monster Ammut, which doomed him to eternal death.
The cult of the afterlife was so great that in the era of the New Kingdom, Osiris was the highest among the gods.
Hence the new theory went.
From now on, eternal existence awaits not only the rich, but also the poor.
The ticket to paradise is an exemplary existence, morality, submission.
According to the ideas of the Egyptians, relatives had to take care of all the benefits of the other world, since death was perceived as a deep sleep.
In order for a person to be able to live normally after waking up, the body was mummified.
It was not a whim, but an integral part of the practice.
The judgment of the god Osiris caused a feeling of fear and awe.
And he himself was not only the first mummy, but also the founder of the cult of the dead.
The image of the Dark Lord The Lord of Souls became the unofficial ancestor of literature and art.
The force inspired people to create stories about his exploits.
Most of the pages were dedicated to him in the"Book of the Dead".
Like all celestial creatures, Osiris was partially human.
The judge met his subjects sitting down.
His legs were bandaged.
In his hands were the symbols of power a hook and a chain.
The god Osiris in ancient Egypt had a trait inherent only to him.
It was a crown bearing the name "atef".
This crown was made of papyrus.
The color is white, two red ostrich feathers are attached to the sides.
They curled from above.
Sometimes there were ram's horns on the oblong cap.
It was by this crown that researchers recognized the god of darkness in the frescoes.
You can find drawings where Osiris is depicted in green.
This is a reference to his earthly rule, where he was the patron of fertility and agriculture.
If God is red, then it is the color of the soil.
He may also have a vine in his hands, because it was he who taught people how to make wine.
It is not uncommon to depict the god of plants among trees.
The oldest is considered to be a fresco that was created during the reign of the V dynasty of Pharaoh Djedkar ca. 2405-2367 BC Photos with a thousand year history are of interest both for scientists and for ordinary people.
Egyptian gods in Greece and Christianity The world first learned about the gods of Ancient Egypt from Greek thinkers.
Josephus, Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea studied in detail the history of the neighboring kingdom.
But most of all contemporaries draw from the studies of Plutarch.
This man wrote a treatise "On Isis and Osiris".
A lot of interesting things can be found in his work.
The only drawback is that the work is full of intertwining Egyptian myths with Greek ones.
For example, there are inaccuracies associated with the name "Osiris".
A god with this name did not exist in Egypt, but there was a cult of Usiro.
The name we know is simply closer to the language of Plutarch.
There are other substitutions: Ra became Helios, Nut Rhea, Thoth Hermes.
And the main character of the winemaker became Dionysius.
Many scholars see common features of the Egyptian with Christ.
Thus, both taught people wisdom and offered wine and bread as their flesh and blood.
And it all started with the fact that archaeologists found a prayer dated to the thousandth year BC.
She repeated "Our Father"word for word.
There are many parallels about the birth of both gods.
The Virgin Mary learned about the blessed child from the archangel, and Chickpeas from an unknown voice.
Further, Isis hides with her son from the evil Set, as does Mary with Jesus.
The ancient Egyptian god Osiris was specially invented for slaves who hoped for another, better life after death.
The essence of the Christian faith is also interpreted in the same way.
Another relationship between Jesus and Osiris is death and resurrection.
The symbol is a sarcophagus The name of Usiro has been known to mankind for more than five thousand years.
The word "Us Iri" does not have an exact translation, but most scientists believe that it means "the one who goes his own way".
It was one of the most popular cults of Egypt, so it is not surprising that his image is often found in art.
It is not surprising that fetishes were dedicated to him.
The subject of Osiris was Jed.
The first attributes for the cult are wooden poles with fixed wheat ties.
For festivities, they were tied with a red ribbon a belt.
It was a symbol of a new life and season.
In different regions, the fetish was done in its own way.
Sometimes they were bundles of reeds.
After the popularization of the myth that Isis found a vertical coffin with her husband in veres, the jed began to be perceived as the spine of god.
The pillar played an important role during the change of kings.
No coronation was held without this symbol.
Every spring, the jed was placed vertically.
This meant the defeat of Set and the peace that Osiris brought.
God received victory when the constellation of Orion was hiding behind the western horizon.
Small figurines were used as talismans.
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