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Home Education History Who is Caesar and what is he famous for?
Who is Caesar and what is he famous for?
Education History
Ab.
Oksana Dubrovskaya
July 11, 2015
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Most modern people are familiar with the name of Julius Caesar.
It is mentioned as the name for a salad, one of the months of summer, as well as in movies and on television.
How did this historical character conquer people that they remember who Caesar is, even two thousand years after his death?
The future commander, politician, and writer was born from the patrician family of Yuliev.
At one time, this family played a significant role in the life of Rome.
Like any ancient family, they had their own mythical version of origin.
The line of their surname led to the goddess Venus.
Gaius ' mother was Aurelia Cotta, who came from a family of rich plebeians.
By name, it is clear that her family was named Aureliev.
The father was Gaius Julius Caesar the elder.
Intensive discussions continue regarding the dictator's year of birth.
Most often called 100 or 101 BC.
There is also no consensus about the number.
As a rule, three versions are called: March 17, July 12, July 13.
To understand who Caesar is, you should turn to his childhood.
He grew up in the Roman district, which had a rather bad reputation.
He studied at home, mastering the Greek language, literature, and rhetoric.
His knowledge of Greek allowed him to receive further education, since most of his scientific works were written in it.
One of his teachers was the famous rhetorician Gniphon, who at one time taught Cicero.
Presumably in 85 BC.
Guy had to lead the Yuli family because of the unexpected death of his father.
Quite a lot of descriptions have been left about the appearance of Guy Julius, many sculptural portraits of him have been made, including lifetime ones.
Caesar, whose photo (reconstruction) is presented above, was, according to Suetonius, tall, with light skin.
He was well built and had dark, lively eyes.
The politician and military commander took care of himself quite carefully.
He cut his nails, shaved, plucked his hair.
Having a bald spot on the front of his head, he hid it in every possible way, combing his hair from the parietal part to the forehead.
According to Plutarch, Caesar's physique was very frail.
Ancient authors are unanimous that the dictator had energy.
He reacted quickly to changing circumstances.
According to Pliny the Elder, he communicated with many people through correspondence.
If desired, the dictator could simultaneously read and dictate letters to different addressees to several secretaries.
At the same time, he could write something himself at this moment.
Gaius Julius practically did not drink wine and was very unpretentious in food.
At the same time, he brought luxury elements from his military campaigns, such as mosaic floors, expensive dishes.
He bought paintings, statues, beautiful slaves.
Family and personal life Julius Caesar, whose biography is being considered, was officially married three times.
Although there is also information that before these marriages he was engaged to Kossucia.
His wives were: Cornelia from the consul's family.
Pompeia is the granddaughter of the dictator Sulla.
Calpurnia is a representative of a rich plebeian family.
Cornelia and the commander had a daughter, whom he married to his colleague Gnaeus Pompey.
As for his relationship with Cleopatra, they took place while Gaius Julius was in Egypt.
After that, Cleopatra had a child, to whom the Alexandrians gave the name Caesarion.
However, Julius Caesar did not recognize him as his son and did not write him in his will.
Military and political activity The beginning of his career was the position of flamin Jupiter, which Gaius took in the 80s BC.
For this, he broke off his engagement and married the daughter of Cornelius Cinna, who nominated him for this honorary position.
But everything changed quickly when the power changed in Rome, and Gaius had to leave the city.
Many examples from his life allow us to understand who Caesar is.
One of them is the case when he was captured by pirates, demanding a ransom.
The politician was ransomed, but immediately after that he organized the capture of his kidnappers and executed them by crucifying them on crosses.
Who was Julius Caesar in Ancient Rome?
He held the following positions: pontiff; military tribune; quaestor for financial matters in Distant Spain; caretaker of the Appian Way, which he repaired at his own expense; curule aedile was engaged in organizing city construction, trade, solemn events; head of the permanent criminal court; grand pontiff for life; governor of Distant Spain.
All these positions required a lot of money.
He took the funds from his creditors,who provided them with understanding.
The first triumvirate After a successful viceroyalty in Distant Spain, the politician was waiting for a Triumph in Rome.
However, he refused such honors for reasons of career growth.
The fact is that the time has come (by age) when he could be elected consul to the Senate.
But for this, it was necessary to personally register your candidacy.
At the same time, a person who is waiting for a Triumph should not appear in the city ahead of time.
He had to make a choice in favor of a further career, refusing the honors due to the winner.
After studying who Caesar is, it becomes clear that his ambition was more flattered to take a seat in the Senate in the first year when it is permissible by law.
At that time, it was considered very honorable.
As a result of long political combinations, the politician reconciled two of his colleagues, resulting in the first triumvirate.
The expression means "the union of three husbands".
The year of its creation is not known for certain, since this union was of a secret nature.
Historians suggest that this happened in 59 or 60 BC.
It included Caesar, Pompey, Crassus.
As a result of all these actions, Gaius Julius managed to become a consul.
Participation in the Gallic War
With his triumvirate, Julius Caesar, whose biography is presented in the article, began to disappoint the citizens of Rome.
However, because of his departure to the province, all the discontent had to pour out on Gnaeus Pompey.
At this time, the province of Narbonne Gaul was formed on the territory of present day France.
Caesar arrived in Genava, on the site of which Geneva is now located, for negotiations with the leaders of one of the Celtic tribes.
Under the onslaught of the Germans, these tribes began to settle on the territory of the Roman Republic.
Gaius had to fight for the lands of the province with the Gauls and Germans.
At the same time, he conducted an expedition to Britain.
After a series of victories, Caesar managed to subdue all of Gaul to Rome by 50 BC.
At the same time, he did not forget to follow the events in the Eternal City.
Sometimes he even interfered with them through his proxies.
After returning to Rome, the commander came into conflict with Gnaeus Pompey.
In 49-45 BC, this led to a Civil war.
Gaius Caesar had many supporters throughout Italy.
He attracted a significant part of the army to his side and headed for Rome.
Pompey was forced to flee to Greece.
The war unfolded on the entire territory of the republic.
The general and his legions alternated between victories and defeats.
The decisive battle was the Battle of Pharsalus, the winner of which was Caesar.
Gnaeus had to run again.
This time he went to Egypt.
Julius started after him.
None of the opponents expected that Pompey would be killed in Egypt.
Here Gaius Julius was forced to linger.
At first, the reason was the unfavorable wind for the ships, and then the commander decided to improve his financial situation at the expense of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Thus, he became a participant in the struggle for the throne between Ptolemy the Thirteenth and Cleopatra.
He spent several months in Egypt, after which he continued his campaign to restore the territory of Rome, which began to disintegrate due to the Civil War.
Caesar became dictator three times: In 49 BC, for a period of 11 days, after which he resigned.
In 48 BC, for a year, after which he continued his rule as proconsul, and later consul.
In 46 BC, he became a dictator without formal justification for a period of 10 years.
All his power was based on the army, so the election of Caesar to all subsequent positions was a formality.
During his reign, Gaius Julius Caesar (the photo of the sculpture can be seen above), together with his colleagues, carried out many reforms.
However, it is quite difficult to determine which of them relate directly to the time of his reign.
The most famous is the reform of the Roman calendar.
Citizens had to switch to the solar calendar, which was developed by a scientist from Alexandria Sozingen.
So, since 45 BC, the Julian calendar, known to everyone today, appeared.
Death and testament Now it is clear who Julius Caesar is, whose biography ended quite tragically.
In 44 BC, a conspiracy was formed against his autocracy.
Opponents and supporters of the dictator were afraid that he would call himself a king.
One of the groups was headed by Marcus Junius Brutus.
At a meeting of the Senate, the conspirators realized the plan of destroying Caesar.
23 stab wounds were found on his body after the murder.
The body was burned by the citizens of Rome in the Forum.
Gaius Julius made his nephew Gaius Octavian his successor (by adopting him), who received three quarters of the inheritance and became known as Gaius Julius Caesar.
During his reign, he pursued a policy of sacralizing his own name and family.
Apparently, the success of his actions regarding the popularization of his own person exceeded his expectations.
Perhaps that is why in the modern world, Gaius Julius Caesar is known both by schoolchildren and representatives of the art world.
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