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Julius Caesar Famous Namesakes / Biographies / Names / Patronymic names / Name and patronymic / Horoscopes / Tests/ Signs / Table of Contents / Home Gaius Julius Caesar biography
Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) - Roman dictator in 49, 48-46, 45, from 44 BC -for life.
The zodiac sign is Cancer.
A political figure and a commander.
He began his political activity as a supporter of the Republican group, holding the posts of military tribune in 73 BC, aedile in 65 BC, praetor in 62 BC .
Seeking the consulship, in 60 BC .
Julius Caesar entered into an alliance with the Roman generals Gnaeus Pompey and Crassus (1st triumvirate).
Consul in 59 BC, then governor of Gaul; in 58-51 BC, he subordinated all Transalpine Gaul to Rome.
In 49 BC, relying on the army, he began the struggle for autocracy.
Having defeated Pompey and his supporters in 49-45 BC (Crassus died in 53 BC), he found himself at the head of the state.
Having concentrated in his hands a number of important republican positions (dictator, consul, etc.)
, Gaius Julius Caesar became virtually a monarch.
He was killed as a result of a Republican conspiracy.
Author of "Notes on the Gallic War" and "Notes on the Civil Wars"; carried out a reform of the calendar (the Julian calendar).
Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 BC .
With his rule, a regime of sole power was established, the last years of the Roman republic are connected.
The name of Caesar was turned into the title of the Roman emperors; later, the Russian words "tsar", "caesar", and the German "kaiser"were derived from it.
The youth of Julius Caesar Julius Caesar came from a noble Patrician family: his father held the position of praetor, and then proconsul of Asia, his mother belonged to the noble Plebeian family of the Aurelians.
The family ties of the young Caesar determined his position in the political world: his father's sister, Julia, was married to Gaius Marius, virtually the sole ruler of Rome, and Caesar's first wife, Cornelia, was the daughter of Cinna, the successor of Marius.
In 84 BC, the young Caesar was elected a priest of Jupiter.
The establishment of the dictatorship of Sulla in 82 BC and the persecution of the supporters of Marius affected the position of Caesar: he was removed from the post of priest and demanded a divorce from Cornelia.
Caesar refused, which entailed the confiscation of his wife's property and the deprivation of his father's inheritance.
Sulla, however, pardoned the young man, although he treated him with suspicion, believing that "there are a lot of Maris in the boy."
The beginning of military and state activity After leaving Rome for Asia Minor, Julius Caesar was in military service, lived in Bithynia, Cilicia, participated in the capture of Mytilene.
He returned to Rome after the death of Sulla, spoke at the trials.
For the sake of improving his oratory, he went to the island of Rhodes to the famous rhetorician Apollonius Molon.
Returning from Rhodes, he was captured by pirates, paid a ransom, but then cruelly took revenge by capturing sea robbers and putting them to death.
In Rome, Yu.
Caesar received the posts of pontifical priest and military tribune, and from 68 BC — Quaestor, married Pompeia, a relative of Gnaeus Pompeius — his future ally and then enemy.
Having occupied the post of aedile in 66 BC, he was engaged in the improvement of the city, the organization of magnificent festivals, grain distributions; all this contributed to his popularity.
After becoming a senator, Julius participates in political intrigues in order to support Pompey, who was engaged in a war in the East at that time and returned in triumph in 61 BC.
The first triumvirate In 60 BC.
on the eve of the consular elections, a secret political alliance was concluded — a triumvirate between Pompey, Caesar and the winner of Spartacus, Crassus.
Caesar was elected consul for 59 BC jointly with Bibulus.
Having passed agrarian laws, Julius Caesar acquired a large number of adherents who received land.
Strengthening the triumvirate, he married his daughter to Pompey.
After becoming proconsul of Gaul at the end of his consular powers, Julius Caesar conquered new territories for Rome here.
In the Gallic war, Caesar's exceptional diplomatic and strategic skill was manifested, his ability to use contradictions among the Gallic leaders.
After defeating the Germans in a fierce battle on the territory of modern Alsace, Caesar not only repelled their invasion, but then, for the first time in Roman history, he himself undertook a campaign across the Rhine, ferrying troops over a specially built bridge.
Caesar also made a campaign to Britain, where he won several victories and crossed the Thames; however, realizing the fragility of his position, he soon left the island.
In 56 BC, during a meeting of the triumvirs in Luca with Caesar, who arrived for this purpose from Gaul, a new agreement was concluded on mutual political support.
In 54 BC , Julius Caesar urgently returned to Gaul in connection with the uprising that had begun there.
Despite the desperate resistance and superiority in numbers, the Gauls were again subdued, many cities were captured and destroyed; by 50 BC , Caesar restored the territories subject to Rome.
As a general, Caesar was distinguished by determination and at the same time caution.
He was hardy, he always went ahead of the army on a campaign with his head uncovered in the heat, in the cold, and in the rain.
The great commander was able to set up soldiers with a short and well constructed speech, personally knew his centurions and the best soldiers and enjoyed extraordinary popularity and authority among them.
After the death of Crassus in 53 BC, the triumvirate collapsed.
Pompey, in his rivalry with Julius Caesar, led the supporters of the traditional senate Republican rule.
The Senate, fearing Caesar, refused to extend his powers in Gaul.
Aware of his popularity in the troops and in Rome itself, the commander decides to seize power by force.
On January 12, 49 BC, he gathered the soldiers of the 13th Legion, made a speech to them and made the famous crossing of the river.
Rubicon, thus crossing the border of Italy (legend attributes to him the words "the die is cast", pronounced before the crossing and marked the beginning of the civil war).
In the first few days, Gaius Julius Caesar occupied several cities without encountering resistance.
Confused, Pompey, the consuls and the Senate left the capital.
After entering Rome, Caesar convened the rest of the Senate and offered to cooperate in the joint management of the state.
He quickly and successfully conducted a campaign against Pompey on the territory of his province — Spain.
Returning to Rome, Caesar was proclaimed dictator.
Pompey, united with Metellus Scipio, hastily gathered a huge army, but Caesar inflicted a crushing defeat on him in the famous battle of Pharsalus; Pompey himself fled to the Asian provinces and was killed in Egypt.
Pursuing Pompey, Caesar went to Egypt, to Alexandria, where he was presented with the head of a murdered rival.
Caesar refused the terrible gift, and, according to biographers, mourned his death.
While in Egypt, Julius Caesar intervened in political intrigues on the side of Queen Cleopatra; Alexandria was subdued.
Meanwhile, the Pompeians, from whom Cato and Scipio had advanced to the first roles, were gathering new forces based in North Africa.
After a campaign in Syria and Cilicia (it was from here that Caesar wrote in his report "I came, I saw, I won"), he returned to Rome and then in the battle of Thaps (46 BC) in North Africa he defeated the supporters of Pompey.
The cities of North Africa expressed their submission, Numidia was annexed to the Roman possessions, turned into the province of New Africa.
Caesar the dictator Upon his return to Rome, Julius Caesar celebrates a magnificent triumph, arranges grandiose spectacles, games and treats of the people, awards soldiers.
He is proclaimed dictator for a 10 year term, and soon receives the titles of "emperor" and "father of the Fatherland".
Caesar passes laws on Roman citizenship, on the administration of cities, on the reduction of grain distributions in Rome, as well as a law against luxury.
He is implementing a reform of the calendar, which gets his name (read the history of the calendar in the description of the month of January).
After the last victory over the Pompeians at Munda (in Spain, 45 BC), Julius Caesar began to receive immoderate honors.
Statues of him were erected in temples and among the images of kings.
He wore red royal boots, red royal vestments, had the right to sit on a gilded chair, had a large honorary guard.
The month of July was named after him, the list of his honors was written in gold letters on silver columns.
Caesar arbitrarily appointed and dismissed officials from power.
The conspiracy and the murder of Julius Caesar In society, especially in republican circles, discontent was brewing, there were rumors about Caesar's desire for royal power.
His connection with Cleopatra, who was living in Rome at that time, also made an unfavorable impression.
There was a plot to kill the dictator.
Among the conspirators were his closest associates Cassius and the young Marcus Junius Brutus, who, it was claimed, was even the illegitimate son of Caesar.
On March 15, 44 BC — the Ides of March — at a meeting of the Senate, the conspirators attacked Caesar with daggers in front of the frightened senators.
According to legend, when Caesar saw the young Brutus among the murderers, he exclaimed: "And you, my child" (or: "And you, Brutus"), stopped resisting and fell at the foot of the statue of his enemy Pompey.
Caesar also went down in history as the greatest Roman writer — his "Notes on the Gallic War" and "Notes on the Civil War" are rightfully considered an example of Latin prose. (N. V. Samozvantseva)
A film about the life and work of the Roman Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar (c) Encyclopedia channel
Narration: Gorbenko Maxim.
Text, Literary editor: Myagkih Ella.
Director: Konovalova Irina.
General producer: Naumov Oleg.
Chef Editor: Putintsev Vitaliy.
Sound: Deyneko Evgeniy.
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And
explanation of the letters of the name in the development of the Russian astrologer Astrology (from the Greek astron — star and logos word, doctrine) is the doctrine of the influence of heavenly bodies on the earthly world and a person (his temperament, character, actions and future), which was determined through visible movements on the celestial sphere and the mutual location of the luminaries (constellation) at a given time (see Horoscope).
Astrology originated in ancient times (Babylonian temple astrology and others), was closely connected with astral cults and astral mythology.
It became widespread in the Roman Empire (the first horoscopes — at the turn of 2-1 centuries BC).
Christianity criticized astrology as a kind of pagan fatalism.
Arab astrology, which achieved significant development in the 9th 10th centuries, penetrated into Europe from the 12th century, where astrology was influenced until the middle of the 17th century and then was replaced with the spread of the natural science picture of the world.
The revival of interest in astrology occurred after the 1st World War, the phenomena of astrology are associated with subtle cosmic and biocosmic rhythms, etc.
Since the middle of the 20th century, astrology has regained popularity.
Felix Kazimirovich Velichko.
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