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October 28, 2015 at 19: 49
Biographies of writers
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Biography of Anton Chekhov
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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was born on January 17 (29), 1860 in Taganrog.
Chekhov's grandfather and father were serfs of the landowner Chertkov, the father of V. G. Chertkov, a friend and follower of L. N. Tolstoy.
Chekhov's grandfather, Yegor Chekhov, a man of remarkable abilities and strong character, bought himself out for a lot of money that he had accumulated over many years.
After that, he entered the service of Countess Platonova in her estates the steppe settlements of Strong and Princely and rose to the position of manager there.
In his early youth, the future writer visited these steppe settlements more than once, partly as a guest with his grandfather, partly as an employee with him.
These trips to the steppe places were reflected later in several of Chekhov's stories.
At the time of Anton Pavlovich's birth, his father, Pavel Yegorovich, was the owner of a grocery store in Taganrog; the children helped him in trade.
Pavel Yegorovich adhered to harsh and patriarchal methods of education, he had to work a lot and hard.
At the same time, Pavel Yegorovich was not devoid of intellectual interests and even some education, he read Koltsov by heart, drew and played the violin.
At the age of seven, Chekhov was assigned to a Greek school, where he stayed for two years.
Pavel Yegorovich had to do business with local Greeks, he sought to ensure that his sons Nikolai and Anton, whom he thought to identify by the trade part, knew Greek.
That's why Chekhov got into this educational institution.
They were taught there by completely illiterate teachers.
In 1869, Chekhov entered the Taganrog Classical Gymnasium.
It was an ordinary provincial state gymnasium, which you can imagine from Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case".
The law teacher Archpriest Pokrovsky gave Chekhov the playful nickname of Chekhov, which became his literary pseudonym.
Already in his high school years, Chekhov gave the impression of a rich, gifted young man.
In 1876, Chekhov's father, whose trading business was shaken, was forced to close his shop and move to Moscow,where his eldest sons were by that time.
Anton Pavlovich remained in Taganrog without a family together with his brother Ivan.
These are particularly difficult times for Chekhov.
He had to study and at the same time earn a living not only for himself, but also for a family in desperate need.
He continued to live in the house that was his own, but now it has passed into someone else's hands.
For the corner that the new owner of the house took to Chekhov, he had to study with his nephew for free.
In addition, he had to look for other penny lessons for himself, almost all his free time was spent on tutoring.
This period of need and deprivation at the same time contributed to the development of Chekhov's sense of independence and self esteem.
He not only highly appreciates this feeling himself, but also strives to instill it in his younger brother Mikhail.
In 1879, Chekhov graduated from the gymnasium and entered the Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine.
He took up medicine very seriously, no less seriously than literary activity.
Natural sciences played a very important role in shaping Chekhov's views on life.
Natural sciences contributed to the maturation of Chekhov's high idea of life, the formation of the ideal of a natural person, with a variety of intellectual inclinations, a reasonable person in the highest sense of the word.
In 1884, Chekhov graduated from the university.
By this time, he was already a writer, a notable employee of humorous publications.
He was published in the magazines "Dragonfly", "Alarm Clock", "Spectator", "Worldly sense", "Moscow", "Light and Shadows", "Sputnik".
Since 1882, Chekhov's collaboration begins in "Fragments", the best humorous magazine of that time.
Chekhov's creativity in the 80s: 1880 the story "A Letter to a learned neighbor".
1882 the novel "Unnecessary victory", "The Green Spit".
1883 the essay "Two in one", the story "The Death of an official", "Confession".
1884 the story "The Chameleon", the fairy tale "Self Delusion", the scene "The Young Man".
1885 the scene "The Whistlers", the story "The Horse and the trembling doe", "After the benefit", the sketch "On the high road".
1886 the story "Heavy people".
1887 the stories "At Home", "Typhus", "Happiness".
1888 the story "Name day", "Steppe".
1889 – the play "Leshiy".
The second half of the 90s and the beginning of the new century were marked in the life of Chekhov by some events and facts that bring new features to his biography.
The year 1898 brought Chekhov a brilliant triumph of his "Seagull" at the Moscow Art Theater.
Chekhov firmly linked his fate as a playwright with the Art Theater and established friendly relations with its actors and managers, which did not prevent him, however, from sometimes diverging from the "artists" in the interpretation of his own plays.
In 1900, Chekhov was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences.
In 1901, Chekhov married Olga Leonardovna Knipper, an artist of the Moscow Art Theater, but because of consumption, the first symptoms of which were discovered in 1884, he was often forced to live apart from his wife: she was connected with Moscow, Chekhov, on the advice of doctors, had to settle in Yalta.
Chekhov's great work on the preparation of his collected works falls on the Yalta period.
Chekhov's creative work in the 90-900s: 1891 the novel "Duel".
1892 the stories "The Hopper", "Fear".
1893 – "The story of an unknown person".
1894 – "The Rothschild Violin", "The Black Monk", the stories "The Student", "The Indian Kingdom".
1895 the story "Three years".
1895-1896 the play "The Seagull".
1896 the stories "My life", "The house with a mezzanine", the play "Uncle Vanya".
1897 stories "On the cart", "In the native corner", "Men".
1898 the stories "A case from practice", "Ionich".
1899 the story "On service matters", "New dacha".
1900 the story "In the ravine", the play "Three Sisters".
1903 the play "The Cherry Orchard".
From cheerful laughter at the inconsistencies of life in the early period of activity, from sad surprise at the blatant inconsistencies and alogisms of the way of life in the middle period – to a sense of the need and opportunity to "turn life around" in the last years of the 19th century and in the first years of the 20th century – this is the sequence and logic of Chekhov's creative development.
In 1904, due to a sharp deterioration in his health, Chekhov went to the Badenweiler resort in Germany for treatment.
Here, on June 2 (15 A.D.), he died.
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Keywords: Anton Chekhov, detailed biography of Anton Chekhov, criticism, download biography, download for free, abstract, Russian literature of the 19th century, writers of the 19th century
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