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April 22, 2008, 08: 12
Football rules.
An excursion into history
We emphasize that the rules of the game in football are constantly evolving, even in the new millennium.
However, their basis was formed at the beginning of the XX century.
We bring to your attention the chronology of the introduction of the most significant and interesting points.
1848.
The collection of rules "Football at the University of Cambridge"was published for the first time.
Not a single impression has been preserved.
1862.
New rules have been developed in Cambridge, taking into account the necessary changes.
In them, we read, for example, that " a goal is counted when the ball has crossed the line, only if it was not entered or scored by hand."
1863.
On October 23, the world's first football association was founded - the English one, and on the 26th in London, 13 points of the rules of the game of football were formulated.
On December 1, these rules were published in newspapers and subsequently received universal recognition.
1866.
The "out of the game" rule has been introduced.
Also, for the first time, a rope was stretched between the posts marking the gate, limiting the height.
1871.
It is established that the goalkeeper is the only football player in the team who has the right to play with his hands "when defending his own goal".
The game time is limited to one and a half hours.
1872.
The dimensions of the ball are set.
1873.
A throw in of the ball from behind the sideline has been introduced.
A corner kick is introduced.
The function of the chief judge has been introduced.
He entered into business when the captains could not agree.
1874.
They begin to use knee pads and shields.
The violations for which a free kick is assigned are determined.
1875.
For the first time, a crossbar is installed on the gate instead of a rope.
1877.
Rules have been introduced according to which the goalkeeper can take only two steps with the ball and must knock it out, in addition, any player is not considered to be offside if the ball hits him from the opponent's foot.
1878.
The referee entered the field for the first time, before that he was outside it and resolved disputes when he was addressed In the same year, the referee received a whistle at his disposal.
1883.
The game time was divided into two halves.
The rule about changing the gate after the break has been introduced.
1884.
The referee has the right to remove the player and determine whether a goal is scored according to the rules.
1887.
The rule of the "out of the game" position has been clarified.
It is recorded that there can be no offside with a corner, a shot from the goal and when the opponent touched the ball last.
1889.
It was decided to strictly punish for insulting the referee, shouting and swearing on the field.
1891.
For the first time, a net was used for football goals.
An eleven meter penalty kick was introduced for rough play or hand play intentionally committed by a player of the defending team within the penalty area.
It was proposed by an Irish expert on the rules of football, John Penalti.
The condition was accepted that the goalkeeper with an 11 meter shot should be no closer than 5.5 m to the ball.
A player who punches a penalty cannot touch the ball again.
1894.
A new version of the rules has been created, which have hardly changed since then.
1896.
From now on, the penalty should only make its way forward.
1900.
The decision of the arbitrator on any occasion is final.
1901.
A goal scored from a penalty kick is also counted when the time has expired, while the ball touched the goalkeeper and flew into the net.
1902.
The goalkeeper got the right to play with his hands not only in the goal area, but also in the penalty area.
1903.
The size of the penalty area became the same as it is now, and penalties began to be punched from the 11 meter mark.
The goal kick was performed from the goalie's line.
A free kick is introduced.
The field dimensions have been finally approved.
1905.
A player is considered to be offside if he affects the game in any way from his place.
From now on, the goalkeeper must be on the goal line when taking a penalty.
1907.
A rule has been introduced that a player who is in the other half of the field is considered to be offside.
1912.
The goalkeeper can only play with his hands in his own penalty area.
1913.
It was decided that players should be 10 yards (9.15 m) from the ball during the execution of free kicks and free kicks.
1917.
It was decided that the ball after free and free kicks is considered in the game if it makes a full turn.
1921.
A player is not considered to be offside when throwing the ball out of the out.
1923.
A radius of 9.15 m has been introduced at the penalty line, behind which players must be located when taking a penalty.
1924.
It was decided that a goal scored directly from a corner is counted.
1925.
The rule of the "out of the game" position has been changed.
Only one player of the opposing team should be in front of the striker without the ball, except for the goalkeeper, and not two, as it was before (since 1990, the forward is allowed to be level with this player, in 2003 an amendment was made regarding passive offside).
1929.
The goalkeeper is forbidden to move during the penalty shootout.
1931.
The goalkeeper is allowed to take four steps with the ball instead of two (now this rule has been changed - the number of steps is not limited, the time of possession of the ball is 6 seconds).
1933.
A rule has been introduced according to which a penalty can be awarded for a violation within the penalty area, regardless of where the ball is located.
For the first time, numbers were introduced on the players ' T shirts.
1938.
The rule is established that during the execution of a penalty, the ball is considered in the game if after the kick it has made one revolution around its axis, and after that it can be touched by another player.
1948.
It was decided that during the kick from the goal, the players of the opposing team do not have the right to be in the penalty area.
1968.
It is allowed to replace two players at any time (later the number was increased to three - this rule still applies to this day).
Before that, substitutions at international competitions and in most countries were not allowed at all.
1970.
Yellow and red cards have been introduced.
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