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10:25 17/03/2016
Olga Sarukhanova
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Cosmonaut Elena Serova: "People often greatly underestimate themselves"
Article from the newspaper: 22/03/2016
Test cosmonaut Elena SEROVA tells AIF in Belarus about her 167 days in space, a difficult but fascinating path to cosmonautics and dangerous force majeure in orbit.
Life on the International Space Station (ISS) is scheduled by the minute by the specialists of the Mission Control Center: rise - at 6 o'clock GMT, a communication session with the Earth, or, as the astronauts say, "morning press conference", breakfast, and then a busy work schedule: experiments, scheduled work on the station, equipment maintenance, meals, mandatory two hours of daily physical education…
How are weekdays and holidays on the ISS?
How do astronauts manage to find a common language in an international team and not go crazy for many months in a confined space?
And what to do if an emergency situation happens?
Russian test cosmonaut Elena SEROVA tells AIF in Belarus about her 167 days in space, a difficult but fascinating path to cosmonautics and dangerous force majeure in orbit.
"It's not the gods who burn pots"
The countdown for test cosmonaut and flight engineer Elena Serova, who together with cosmonaut Alexander Samokutyaev and astronaut Barry Wilmore went on the Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS, began on September 26, 2014.
She spent 167 days, 5 hours and 49 minutes on a space trip, becoming the fourth woman from Russia and the USSR in space.
Three, two, one…
Let's go!
Elena admits that she has not dreamed of being an astronaut since childhood: it seemed like something unattainable, fantastic.
But the interest in astronomy, space, exact sciences, medical research was born at school.
Elena was born in 1976 in a small village in the Ussuri district of Primorsky Krai, and graduated from high school in a military town in Grossenhain (Germany).
"The first teacher played a big role in my choice of profession.
At school, we were told a lot about cosmonautics.
I really fell in love with astronomy and everything related to space.
I was looking for interesting newspaper clippings, carefully collected them.
By graduation, I already knew for sure that I would enter the aerospace faculty of the Moscow Aviation Institute.
Everything worked out.
And after graduation, I came to work as a specialist in the aerospace corporation "Energia" of the Mission Control Center (MCC).
It was very cool to plunge into the atmosphere, to touch the dream, " Elena recalls.
How to become an astronaut?
One day, they announced the recruitment of cosmonauts to the squadron.
"I applied, because it's not the gods who burn pots!
As an engineer, I had a lot of knowledge, I knew all the systems perfectly well and thought that it would be most difficult to pass medical tests, " says Elena.
The medical part is not just a medical examination of all specialists, but also a whole series of special studies checking the vestibular apparatus on the Cook chair, a pressure chamber, lifting to a height of 5 and 10 thousand meters, a centrifuge with overloads of 4-8...
And also exams in ballistics, the history of cosmonautics, knowledge of ship systems, conversations with specialists...
It's difficult, but everything is possible.
After the purposeful girl was enrolled in the squad as a candidate for cosmonauts, two years of daily painstaking work and serious physical exertion began.
Every day from 9 am to 6 pm is planned every minute: the study of all theoretical and practical aspects of the work of the station and the spacecraft, in depth study of emergency situations, training on special simulators at the Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, at least four times a week - two hours of physical activity and a whole set of extreme activities: parachute jumps, survival in the desert and in winter conditions, flights by planes and helicopters, sea training, climbing on board a helicopter from water, staying in weightlessness...
In 2009, Elena and her teammates passed the state exam and received the qualification of "test cosmonaut".
And then?
Then everything was repeated: the next two years of intensive training under the supervision of doctors and training in groups, now as crew members – first a backup, then the main one.
"When I found out that I was going to fly to the ISS, my first feelings were: again, there is a hard work ahead.
It wasnot easy as it was, but I knew that I needed to concentrate even more on preparing.
But at the same time, I have never had despair, " says Elena.
– I am a reasonable person, I always know where I am going and why, I weigh everything.
There were no excessive tests.
A lot depends on the psychological mood: it seems to some that the forces have run out, but you can not doubt your abilities and capabilities.
People often underestimate themselves very much."
Elena Serova and Barry Wilmore
Life on schedule
The schedule of astronauts on the ISS is fully planned by the specialists of the MCC, where a whole department is engaged in this.
"This is life according to a schedule – when we get up, when we brush our teeth, when we eat, when we conduct experiments, when we rest.
Physical education for astronauts every day for at least 2 hours is a necessary condition for health.
Even weekends are completely scheduled by the minute, " says Elena and gives an example: at 6 am, wake up at 13-14 hours – lunch, at 19 – dinner, at 22 or a little later – lights out.
During the morning and evening communication sessions with the MCC, the astronauts report on their condition, well being, pressure on board, tasks for the day, talk about the work done and make plans for future days.
"It happens that we do not detect any block at a given location during the maintenance of the station's systems or it is impossible to complete any of the planned tasks.
All problems are solved together with specialists on the Ground, " Elena emphasizes.
Of course, astronauts also have free time.
All holidays – Russian, American, European or Japanese (there are representatives of different countries in the team) - are declared days off on the ISS.
Many astronauts are fond of photographing the Earth.
"Our planet is very big!
Much more than we were told.
Incredibly beautiful, you can shoot it endlessly, and the frames are never repeated.
At first, it is not always clear what kind of places are in the lens, because we are flying very fast, but then, looking at the contours, pictures, you will recognize the country, the city…
It's very exciting," Elena herself also brought terabytes of photos from the expedition, which you can look at for hours without getting tired of being surprised by the wonders of the Universe.
The station has a small library and an impressive selection of films that crew members usually watch in the evening during dinner.
"On Fridays, we have a tradition: we gather alternately in the national segments of the ISS, watch a movie, discuss it, just talk.
There is a guitar and a flute on board, many guys play perfectly.
By the way, the sound in space is exactly the same as on Earth," Elena Serova notes.
Problems with understanding, in particular, language barriers, are minimized on the ISS: all astronauts, regardless of citizenship, speak both English and Russian quite fluently, and also – which is absolutely necessary for work they know in detail all the systems of all the modules of the ISS.
Pre flight training of all crews necessarily includes internships in the USA, Japan and Europe.
"Surprisingly, when I arrived at the station, I was covered with deja vu the feeling that I had been there before.
When I was a child, I often had dreams in which I flew.
So, the sensations in space are exactly the same as in those children's dreams," Elena shares her impressions.
Force majeure and nostalgia
In space, the lives of people and the fate of the station directly depend on how quickly and effectively the team works.
Great attention is paid to working out algorithms of actions in case of emergency situations during preparation, but reality always takes you by surprise.
The first emergency in the expedition occurred during the flight on the Soyuz spacecraft: the left solar battery did not open after the launch.
According to Elena, this was not a critical situation, in any case, there would have been enough energy resources to fly to the ISS and successfully dock.
But still, the problem made everyone nervous, especially the specialists on Earth.
Surprisingly, when docking with the station, the battery suddenly opened.
However, on board the expedition crew was destined to face one of the most dangerous scenarios, which, under unfavorable circumstances, could even lead to the loss of the entire station and an emergency descent of the crew to Earth.
"In the American segment, there was a leak of ammonia, which is used as a coolant in the circuit of the temperature control system.
Ammonia is very toxic even in small doses.
We worked out a similar situation on simulators and managed to react quickly: we put on gas masks, blocked the American segment and waited for recommendations from the Ground.
The problem is that the station cannot operate fully due to only one segment - only in a complex: all systems are integrated.
If the leak was critical, we would have lost the station.
NASA specialists worked very clearly and competently, blocking the contour and letting it go along a detour, and as a result everything worked out: the samples were clean, the atmosphere was uncontaminated.
We are all very lucky, " says Elena about the incident.
At such moments, the team becomes truly cohesive, because literally everything depends on mutual understanding and coherence of actions.
How do astronauts manage to maintain mental balance, because they are in a fairly close, confined space together with the same people for six months or more?
Elena Serova says that this has not become a serious psychological problem for her: "There are no random people in space.
It is very important to build relationships with friends correctly from the very beginning – to respect the personal space of another person, to be able to smooth out corners, to emphasize respect for colleagues.
Everything went very smoothly for us, we were constantly busy, and in our free time we tried to have an interesting time, celebrated the New Year (we decorated the Christmas tree and glued it to the wall), birthdays, gave each other gifts.
Everything is like ordinary people."
Unless the feasts are not similar to those on earth.
By the way, it turns out that astronauts have not eaten from tubes for a long time: they were replaced by canned food and special bags with pipes.
Of course, space food cannot be compared with homemade borscht, but it is full fledged, nutritious and quite tasty.
Of course, there are not enough relatives and friends, but modern technologies (IP telephony, video conferences on weekends, the Internet) help to cope with nostalgia, says Elena: "It would be nice if you could go to your friends, see your relatives - and quickly return to the station...
And on Earth we all miss the space house, I want to fly to visit.
The station becomes a native place."
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