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Futurism
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Umberto Boccioni The street enters the house.
1911
Futurism (Latin futurum the future) is the general name of the artistic avant garde movements of the 1910s early 1920s, primarily in Italy and Russia.
Futurists were interested not so much in the content as in the form of versification.
They came up with new words, used vulgar vocabulary, professional jargon, the language of a document, a poster and posters.
Content
[remove]
1 Emergence 2 Futurism in the visual arts 3 Russian Futurism 4 Futuristic Architecture 5 Neo Futurism 6 Museum 7 See also 8 Notes 9 Literature 10 References
Occurrence[edit / edit wiki text]
The author of the word and the founder of the direction is the Italian poet Filippo Marinetti (the poem "Red Sugar").
The name itself implies the cult of the future and discrimination of the past along with the present.
On February 20, 1909, Marinetti published the Manifesto of Futurism in the newspaper Figaro.
It was written for young Italian artists.
Marinetti wrote: "The oldest among us are thirty — year olds, in 10 years we must fulfill our task until a new generation comes and throws us into the trash...".
Marinetti's manifesto proclaims the "telegraphic style", which, in particular, marked the beginning of minimalism[source not specified 1641 days].
In addition to Marinetti, the founders of futurism were Balla, Boccioni, Russolo, Carlo Carra, Gino Severini, Francesco Balilla Pratella.
In 1912, the first exhibition of futurist artists was held in Paris.
Futurism is characterized by the rejection of traditional grammar, the poet's right to his spelling, word creation, speed, rhythm.
They dedicated their paintings to the train, the car, and the planes (see aerial painting).
In a word, to all the momentary achievements of a civilization intoxicated with technological progress.
The motorcycle was declared a more perfect creation than the sculptures of Michelangelo.
Marinetti said: "The heat coming from a piece of wood or iron excites us more than the smile and tears of a woman," "New art can only be violence, cruelty."
The pathos of destruction and explosion is proclaimed.
Wars and revolutions are celebrated as a rejuvenating force of the decrepit world.
Futurism can be considered as a kind of fusion of Nietzscheanism and the manifesto of the Communist Party.
The dynamics of movement should replace the static of posing sculptures, paintings and portraits.
A camera and a movie camera will replace the imperfection of painting and the eye.
Futurism in the visual arts[edit / edit wiki text]
Antonio Sant'Elia — Urban Drawing
In the visual arts, Futurism started from Fauvism, borrowing color finds from it, and from cubism, from which it adopted artistic forms, but rejected cubic analysis (decomposition) as an expression of the essence of the phenomenon, he sought to directly express the dynamics of the modern world emotionally.
The main artistic principles are speed, movement, energy, which some futurists tried to convey with fairly simple techniques.
Their paintings are characterized by energetic compositions, where the figures are fragmented into fragments and intersect with sharp angles, where flashing forms, zigzags, spirals, beveled cones prevail, where movement is transmitted by superimposing successive phases on one image — the so called principle of simultaneity.
Russian futurism[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Russian Futurism
In Russia, the first futurists were the artists the Burliuki brothers.
David Burliuk is the founder of the "Gilea" futurist colony on his estate.
He manages to rally around himself the most diverse, bright, unlike anyone else personalities.
Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov, Kruchenykh, Benedikt Livshits, Elena Guro are the most famous names.
In the first manifesto, "A Slap in the Face to public taste", the call: "To abandon Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and so on. and so on. from the steamship of modernity".
But this appeal is softened by the statement below: "Whoever does not forget the first love, he will not know the last love."
But even such idols as Alexander Blok did not escape the accusation that "they only need a dacha on the river."
One way or another, futurism gave poetry three geniuses: Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov, Pasternak.
Not to mention the sea of talents: Habias, Kamensky, Shklovsky, Zdanevich, Kruchenykh.
The fate of many futurists is tragic.
Some were shot, like Terentyev, others disappeared in exile, like Habias.
The survivors were doomed to oblivion: Kamensky, Kruchenykh, Guro, Shershenevich.
Only Kirsanov, Martynov, Aseev, Shklovsky managed, despite the disgrace, to maintain the status of recognized writers and live to old age in the full bloom of creative forces.
Pasternak was persecuted under Khrushchev, although by that time he had completely departed from the principles of futurism.
Futurism is one of the trends of avant gardism, which gave rise to many other trends and schools.
The imagism of Yesenin and Marienhof.
Constructivism of Selvinsky, Lugovsky.
Ego futurism of the Northerner.
There will be a Khlebnikov family.
OBERIU Kharms, Vvedensky, Zabolotsky, Oleynikov.
And, finally, "nichevokov".
Among the neo Futurists, the critics include the metametaphorists A. Parshchikov and K. Kedrov, as well as G. Aiga, V. Sosnora, Gornon, S. Biryukov, E. Katsyuba, A. Alchuk, N. Sincere.
In the visual arts, it should be noted cubofuturism a direction in which such artists as Malevich, Burlyuk, Goncharova, Rozanova, Popova, Udaltsova, Exter, Bogomazov, etc. worked at different times.
Futuristic architecture[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Futuristic architecture
The architecture of futurism was born in the early 20th century in Italy.
It is characterized by strong chromaticism, long dynamic rows symbolizing speed, movement and lyricism.
The Futurists expressed the cult of the machine age, glorified war and brute force.
Neo Futurism[edit / edit wiki text]
Neo futurism is a postmodern movement in art, design and architecture of the late XX early XXI century, associated with an idealistic belief in a better future, in the harmony of man, nature and high technologies.[1]
The direction appeared and developed, starting from the early 60s — late 70s, thanks to the ideological leader Hal Foster; the American architect Buckminster Fuller; the Finnish American architect and industrial designer Eero Saarinen; the English architectural group "Arkigram", the Danish architect Hening Larsen; the Czech architect Jan Kaplitsky; the Swedish artist Simon Stalenhag, the Italian light sculptor Marco Ladola; the American conceptual artist Sid Mead, American theater screenwriter Greg Allen and Russian poet Andrei Voznesensky.
Neo Futurism resumed its existence in 2007 after the publication of the "Manifesto of the Neo Futurist City"[2], written by the designer Vito Di Bari (former executive director of UNESCO) in order to outline the futuristic vision of the city of Milan during the 2015 World Exhibition in Milan.
The museum[edit / edit wiki text]
Matyushin's House
In 2006, the Museum of the St. Petersburg Avant Garde opened in St. Petersburg, in the house on Professor Popov Street, where the outstanding figure of the Russian avant garde, painter, violinist and composer Mikhail Matyushin lived.
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
Futurology Passeism Moscow in the XXIII century Germany in 2000 France in 2000 The Futurist movement " Novecento "("XX century") in Italy
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
Ев Eva Tornado.
Neo futurism.
My Personal Wiki (2015.01.03).
Vit Vito Di Bari.
Manifesto of Neo Futuristic City.
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
B. Livshits "The Half eyed Sagittarius".
A. Kruchenykh "Kukish proshlyakam".
V. Mayakovsky "How to make poems".
V. Khlebnikov "Zangezi".
"Our basis".
R. Jacobson "Grammar of poetry".
B. Shklovsky "Pro and contra".
Kedrov K. A.
"The star alphabet of Velimir Khlebnikov" (1982) Kedrov K. A.
"The Milker of exhausted toads" (Burlyuk).
Russian Russian Avant garde Poetry" (2001).
"Poetry of Russian Futurism" (1999).
"Novye izvestiya".
S. Biryukov "Poetry of the Russian avant garde" (2001).
"Poetry of Russian Futurism" (1999).
The new library of the poet.
S. Jimbinov "Literary manifestos from symbolism to the present day" (2000) S. E. Yurkov.
"Aestheticism inside out": Futurism and cabaret theaters of the 1910s.
Sylvia Martin "Futurismus", Köln 2005.
L. Martynov.
Air frigates: A book of short stories.
- M.: Sovremennik, 1974 Aristarchov Lada.
Andrey Sarabyanov on the history of futurism / / Culture.
- 2008.
- June 16.
Azizyan I. A. Italian Futurism and the Russian avant garde / / Art Studies.
1/99.
pp.
300-329.
Bobrinskaya E. A. Futurism.
- M.: Galart, 2000.
- 192 p.
- ISBN 5-269-00931-5 Bobrinskaya E. A. Futurism and cubofuturism.
- Moscow: Galart: Olma Press, 2000.
- 175 p.
— (History of painting.
The twentieth century: Europe. Russia, 1910-1930).
- ISBN 5-224-01672 X, ISBN 5-269-00992-7 The Second Futurism: Manifestos and Programs of Italian Futurism.
1915-1933 / Introduction, comp., trans.
from Italian, comm.
E. Lazareva.
M.: Gileya, 2013
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Futurism in Wikicitatnik?
Futurism on Wikimedia Commons?
The manifesto is a slap in the face to the public taste of Neo futurism.
My Personal Wiki Manifesto of a Neo Futuristic City
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