Go to the main page About Astrakhan Photos Of Astrakhan Sights Of Astrakhan Map Of Astrakhan
Join us!
Glavnayanome
Photosphotos
Points of Interestsights
KartaMar
Architectural monuments
Temples
Museums
Theaters and concert halls
Parks and embankments
Monuments and sculptures
Architectural monuments of Astrakhan /
Astrakhan Kremlin
Astrakhan Kremlin
About the complex
Full name: Astrakhan Kremlin Date of construction: Con.
16th 20th centuries.
Address: Astrakhan Kremlin An object of cultural heritage of federal significance
Photo
The composition of the complex
Prechistenskaya gate bell Tower 1903-1912
St. Nicholas Gate Church in 1738 (beginning. 17 in.)
St. Cyril's Chapel, 1677 (17th century)
Trinity Cathedral Con.
16 beginning.
17th century
Assumption Cathedral of 1698-1710
The guardhouse of 1808
Artillery yard of the 16th 17th centuries.
The Red Gate Tower 1958-1960.
Crimean Tower 1582-1589
Artillery (torture) tower 1582-1589.
The Zhitnaya Tower 1582-1589.
Bishop's Tower 1582-1589 (?) rebuilt
The water Gate (secret) 1970. (recreated)
Episcopal metochion of 1617, 1709, 1799, 19th century.
Consistory of 1667, 1778, 1893
Zeichhaus (armory) 1872-1889, 2010-2012 (reconstruction)
House of the senior cathedral clergy 1874
Soldiers ' barracks of the 19th century.
Administrative building (office of the military chief) 2nd floor.
19th century.
Soldiers ' barracks in 1805
Officers ' quarters (headquarters and chief officer's house) 1805
The restorers ' house in the 1970s
Monument on the grave of the head of the garrison P. P. Chugunov in 1926 (?)
Astrakhan Kremlin
The Astrakhan Kremlin is a remarkable monument of ancient Russian architecture, an outstanding building of military engineering art of the second half of the 16th century and the founder of Russian Astrakhan.
This is a unique historical and architectural complex that has been formed for four centuries and has 22 buildings of the monument - military, administrative and church buildings, including one of the most beautiful cathedrals in Russia.
History The founder of the fortress in the new place was the voivode Ivan Semenovich Cheremisinov, it was he who chose the place on the left bank of the Volga, where in 1557-1558, under his leadership, the first fortifications were built and the city was founded A hillock, called "Hare", was chosen as the place for construction, and it was impossible to choose a better place - from the west and north, the Volga and its channels surrounded the hill, and from the south and east - saline lakes and swamps Cheremisinov sent a drawing to Moscow and, having received a construction permit, built a fortress in 2 years
The fortress was made of wood with an earthen rampart.
Here is how the English traveler Jenkinson described it: "...the city is located on an island, on a high shore, inside the city the Kremlin, surrounded by a wooden and earthen wall and ugly and fragile The buildings and houses in the city, with the exception of the premises of the main chiefs, are very low and simple..."
The existing fortress could not withstand serious attacks In 1569, the Turkish Sultan Selim went on a campaign to Astrakhan with more than 60 thousand troops To save Astrakhan, an army was sent from Moscow, led by Prince Peter Serebryany, who was able to put the Pasha to flight
From the words of Anthony Jenkinson: "From Moscow to Astrakhan 600 leagues or so ...
Astrakhan is the most remote point of the tsarist conquests from the Tatars in the direction of the Caspian Sea.
The tsar guards Astrakhan very strictly, annually sends people, supplies and wood here for the construction of the Kremlin...".
Realizing the importance of Astrakhan and its significant distance from Moscow, which created a lot of difficulties, including with the provision of military assistance, the government decided to build a stone kremlin
The construction of the stone Kremlin was started under Ivan IV the Terrible, in 1582, but it continued already during the reign of Boris Godunov, who carried out church and city construction on a large scale throughout the state, it is worth noting that it was at this time, from 1596 to 1602, that one of the most grandiose fortresses of Russia – Smolenskaya was being built.
The construction of the Astrakhan Kremlin was supervised by Mikhail Ivanovich Velyaminov, Grigory Ovtsyn, and the clerk Dey Gubasty, who were sent from Moscow.
The stone walls and towers were built on the site of ancient earthen fortifications and were made in accordance with the latest achievements of military equipment of their time, becoming one of the most powerful military engineering structures of the late 16th century.
The walls of the stone Kremlin were completed in 1589, but the completion of the construction of the towers was delayed until the 20s of the 17th century.
The Kremlin occupied an island position, it was protected from all sides by natural barriers: from the north — western side the Volga, from the east — the Kutum River with swampy banks, from the south — a deep salt marsh.
The relief determined both the shape of the Kremlin and the location of the fortifications, higher and more powerful walls and towers were built on strategically important places.
In the plan, the Kremlin received the configuration of a right triangle.
As the population of Astrakhan grows, a settlement with residential buildings is gradually being formed to the east of the fortress.
By 1631, the posad was surrounded by stone walls and it received the name White City.
On the southern side, the walls of the Zhitny Dvor - the "small fortress", in which food supplies were stored, are attached to the Kremlin.
A number of important historical events are connected with the Astrakhan Kremlin.
It was besieged twice by Crimean Turkish troops during a campaign on the Lower Volga in the 16th century
In June 1606, the Kremlin became the center of an uprising during the peasant war under the leadership of I. I. Bolotnikov.
At the beginning of the 17th century, it was touched by events related to the Polish Swedish intervention, in May 1614, the Astrakhan rebels stormed the Kremlin and expelled the traitors who had settled here after fleeing from Moscow, led by Ataman I. Zarutsky and the Polish adventurer Marina Mnishek.
During the peasant uprising led by Stepan Razin, the Astrakhan Kremlin was the residence and stronghold of the rebels for seventeen months — from June 22, 1670 to November 27, 1671.
The tsarist troops manage to occupy the Kremlin only after a long siege.
In 1705-1706, an anti feudal popular uprising broke out in Astrakhan and the tsarist troops again had to take the Kremlin by storm.
And in 1722, the Kremlin already solemnly welcomes Peter the Great, who arrives in Astrakhan to prepare for the Persian campaign.
From 1698 to 1710, the Assumption Cathedral, one of the best works of church architecture of the 17th century, was built in the Kremlin.
In the manuscript "Klyucharevskaya Chronicle" compiled by the clerk of the Assumption Cathedral, Kirill Vasiliev, there is a mention that Peter the Great, after a prayer service in the Assumption Cathedral, said to the Empress Ekaterina Alekseevna: "here is the temple creator, with whom I quarreled for money, you see what a building and the whole cathedral's babble, there is no such temple in the state"
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Astrakhan garrison was located in the Kremlin, for its needs in 1807-1808, large works were carried out on the construction of stone buildings, an artillery tseykhhouse, soldiers ' barracks, a guardhouse were built.
After the October Revolution, access to the Kremlin was closed, it became a military garrison, Red Guard detachments were formed here and the Military Revolutionary Committee was located In January 1918, the Bolsheviks had to defend the Kremlin during a counter revolutionary uprising, the fortress was subjected to heavy artillery fire, which caused significant destruction to its structures On January 25 (February 7, new style), 1918, the offensive of the Red Guard detachments began, ending with the victory of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of Soviet power in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan province...
In 1919, in the Kremlin, under the leadership of S. M. Kirov, the units of the 11th Army were reorganized to protect the mouth of the Volga and defeat the White Guard troops and foreign interventionists.
Thus, at the beginning of the 20th century, the Kremlin remains a military object, having received the popular name "Trotsky Town" (in 1922-1926).
Only after the end of the Great Patriotic War, in the late 1950s, access to the Kremlin was opened, and it ceased to be an object of military purpose In 1949, for the first time, the question of restoring the architectural ensemble of the Kremlin arose By that time, the southern Kremlin wall between the Zhitnaya and Krymskaya towers had already collapsed Since 1959, work began on the reconstruction and restoration of the entire complex of the Astrakhan Kremlin, which continues today
The architecture configuration of the Astrakhan Kremlin was dictated by the terrain.
In the plan, it has the shape of a right triangle, elongated by the top in a south westerly direction, at the corners and on the sides of which towers are built.
The length on the long side is 665 meters, on the short side 295 meters, the area of the fortress is 1544 square meters.
meters.
The height of the walls, depending on the terrain, ranges from 7 to 11.3 m, and the thickness from 2.8 to 5.2 m.
During the construction of the Astrakhan Kremlin, they used, among other things, building materials from the ruins of the former capital of the Golden Horde - Sarai Batu, located in the 13th 14th centuries upstream of the Volga, not far from the place where the village is now located.
Saltpeter.
Tweet
History in faces Pavel Mikhailovich Smirnov (1908-1943) read more >
The bell tower under construction and the Assumption Cathedral 100 years later..
learn more >
Do you know what the cathedral in Yaroslavl and the theater in Astrakhan have in common?
learn more >
Do you know what it is?
learn more >
Astrakhan which is not ...
And do you know?
Astrakhan 100 years later...
Join us on VKontakte >
On the main page of the website, write to us
About the project Site map Support the project
Copyright © Madyudya Denis 2008-2016 The use of text and photo materials posted on the site is allowed only with the written permission of the copyright holder and a link to the site.
Astrakhan.ru
