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Local History Museum Historical and architectural complex "Astrakhan Kremlin" Historical and architectural complex "Astrakhan Kremlin" City History Museum Museum of Military Glory Local History Museum Local History Museum "Russian Watermelon" Museum of Astrakhan Culture
New Year's performances in the Museum of Local Lore All Russian action "Night of Arts" 2016
22.12.2016
Historical and architectural complex "Astrakhan Kremlin"
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For centuries, the Astrakhan Kremlin has been an impregnable stronghold on the southeastern border of the state.
A number of historical events are connected with the Kremlin: the Crimean Turkish campaigns on the Lower Volga in the XVI century, the "turmoil" in Russia and the peasant uprising led by Stepan Razin in the XVII century, the transformations of Peter's time and the Streltsy uprising of 1705-1706, the Persian campaign of Peter I and the formation of the Caspian Flotilla in the XVIII century, the strengthening of the borders of the state and the entry into Russia of the territories of the Caucasus and Central Asia.
In 1558, in the lower reaches of the Volga, on a high hillock surrounded by swamps and swamps, the first wooden fortress with powerful backfill walls, peals and towers was laid by the military engineer I. G. Vyrodkov, a clerk of the Discharge Order.
The configuration of the Astrakhan Kremlin was dictated by the terrain, in the plan it took the form of a right triangle, elongated by the top to the southwest.
The wooden fortress was rebuilt into a stone one during the reign of John IV the Terrible and Boris Godunov from 1582 to 1589.
"state owned" craftsmen were sent to Astrakhan to build the Kremlin walls and towers.
The construction of the fortress was headed by the Moscow masters of urban affairs Mikhail Ivanovich Velyaminov, Grigory Ovtsyn and the deacon Dey Gubasty.
For construction, they used an old, but very strong Tatar plinth, which was brought from the ruins of the Golden Horde cities.
The stone Kremlin was built according to the type of the Moscow Kremlin.
The walls and towers ended with two horned battlements with two semicircles at the top and a saddle between them, the so called "swallow's tail".
The teeth were cut through with loopholes of "mounted" combat, from hand firearms.
On the outside of the walls, between the battlements and the platforms of the upper battle, called - "spinning" walls, oblique holes were arranged – "varnishes", intended for pouring hot tar or boiling water (var) over the enemy.
The width of the platform varied depending on the thickness of the walls, which were from 2.8 to 5.2 m.
Here, if necessary, mounted cannon - mortars could be placed.
The inner side of the walls of the Astrakhan Kremlin is cut through with semicircular niches and a large number of furnaces with loopholes for installing small and large guns.
The Astrakhan Kremlin was distinguished by the newest system of organizing a "fire fight"for that time.
In addition to the traditional lower cannon – "sole" battle, an additional line of medium combat, which was not previously used in Russian fortress architecture, was arranged in the walls.
The loopholes of the middle and plantar combat were located in a staggered order, which made it possible to significantly increase the density of fire in front of the walls when the enemy attacked, and the rectilinear shape of the Kremlin walls and the strongly protruding combat towers made it possible to conduct flanking fire.
The battle towers of the Kremlin were divided inside into several tiers, which were connected by stairs arranged in the thickness of their walls and adapted for circular defense.
From each tower there was an exit to the upper battle area.
The walls of each tier of towers had furnaces with loopholes for shooting from hand firearms and were crowned with wooden tents with guard platforms.
The thickness of the walls of the towers of the Astrakhan Kremlin reached 3-3.
5 m.
In total, according to the plan, the Astrakhan Kremlin had eight towers, of which three travel towers and four deaf ones have been preserved to this day.
The Astrakhan Kremlin, one of the first stone fortifications, was among the most powerful fortifications of the Moscow state.
Bishop's Tower
It is four tiered, has 12 loopholes, square in plan (8, 4x8, 4 m), the height of the tower with crenellations is 15 m, the thickness of the walls is 112 cm.
It was restored without preserving historical forms in 1843, on the site of the dismantled historical tower in 1825.
Crimean Tower
One of the three towers of the Kremlin preserved in historical forms of the XVI century.
It is five tiered, has 20 loopholes, in terms of a diamond shaped 12.8 x 13.2 m.
Its height from the south side from the ground to the teeth reaches 17 m.
The entrance to the tower is arranged from the top of the wall at the level of the fourth tier, there are stone stairs inside the walls and only a wooden staircase leads to the first tier, which is buried underground.
The tiers are separated by wooden floors.
Red Gate Tower
It got its name for its power and greatness, in ancient times it was the main command post of the defense of the city, since it was located on the highest place of the Kremlin and faced the Volga.
The tower was restored in the forms of the XVI century by the architect A.V. Vorobyov in 1958-1966.
XX century.
It has a twelve sided plan, three tiered, with a maze for conducting circular defense.
The height of the tower with crenellations is 14.5 m, it has 17 cannon and 24 pishchalny battles.
Gate Church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker
They were named after the gate church, built on the travel gate back in the XVI century.
At present, the gate with the gate temple, built in 1729-1738, has been preserved.
St. Nicholas Church has a bypass gallery, a stone porch on the west side.
At the beginning of the XX century, decorative elements were introduced into the appearance of the temple in the form of domes, kokoshniks, the roof is covered with tiles.
Artillery (Torture) Tower
The northeast corner blind tower is the third surviving tower of the XVI century.
In terms of diamond shaped 12, 7x12, 3m, height with teeth about 16 m, four tiered, has 15 loopholes, ends with five teeth on each side.
Powder magazine
It is part of the Artillery Yard complex.
It has a vaulted ceiling and is divided into three chambers with an area of 211 sq.m for storing the powder treasury, and later regimental banners and artillery "reserve".
Prechistenskaya bell Tower
The bell tower was built at the beginning of the XX century by the architect S. I. Karyagin, the height is about 80 m.
There are three passages under the bell tower, it has two side chapels.
The slope from its axis is 52 cm to the southeast.
At different times, there were two other bell towers on the site of the existing bell tower, which were dismantled due to the subsidence of the soil and the fragility of the foundation.
The height of the first bell tower was 63 m, it was built simultaneously with the Assumption Cathedral in 1710, dismantled in 1765, the height of the second 53 m, built according to the project of Luigi Rusca in 1809-1813, it existed until the end of the XIX century.
Since 1991, it has been the current belfry of the Assumption Cathedral.
Assumption Cathedral
The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1698-1710..
The construction was supervised by a Russian architect from serfs D. Myakishev.
The cathedral is five domed, has a cubic shape, on the east side there is an altar with five apses, and on the west there is a frontal place with a wide two step staircase.
The cathedral is two storeyed.
The upper church of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos was intended for festive divine services in the warm season, the lower one - the Presentation of the Icon of the Vladimir Mother of God from 1714-1914 served as the tomb of the Astrakhan bishops.
The lower temple is surrounded on all sides by gallery pillars, at the level of the second floor the cathedral is surrounded by an open bypass gallery with a gulbishche.
The walls of the cathedral are made of large sized red brick, the window frames, columns, capitals, cornices are laid out of shaped brick and white stone, the details of the bypass gallery were painted in several colors.
The height of the cathedral with the cross is 75 m, the diameter of the frontal place is 15 m.
Trinity Cathedral
The complex of the Trinity Monastery has been preserved in the forms of the late XVII early XVIII centuries..
It was built on the site of the first wooden monastery in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with a church in the name of the Life Giving Trinity (1576) by the first pilgrim Abbot Kirill.
The monastery was rebuilt more than once.
Currently, it consists of three churches located on the same basement: Trinity, Sretenskaya, Vvedenskaya and two Refectory chambers.
Kremlin Branch
In 1974, after the restoration was completed, the Kremlin was transferred to the museum for further use.
In 1980, the Kremlin was declared a nature reserve and became the core of the museum association.
The Kremlin artillery yard represents the image of Russian wooden architecture of small forms and an open display of siege guns of the XVIII XIX, Kremlin evenings are regularly held here, Creative kaleidoscopes are held, in which creative teams of the Ministry of Culture take part, as well as interactive events of the museum are held.
The branch "Historical and architectural complex" Astrakhan Kremlin " has opened and operates exhibitions and expositions:
" Zeichhaus — (German: Zeughaus, from Zeug - thing and Haus house) is an outdated name for a warehouse for storing stocks of weapons, equipment, uniforms, food.
The building of the Tseykhhaus of the Astrakhan Kremlin was built in 1844 in the classical style and was intended for storing weapons, ammunition, uniforms, and food for the units of the Astrakhan garrison.
Until 1918, the building belonged to the Artillery Department, and since 1862 – to the Main Artillery Department.
Since 1918, the building of the Tseikhhaus was under the jurisdiction of various departments of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, but continued to perform its former functions.
In 1930-1940, infantry and machine gun courses operated on the territory of the Astrakhan Kremlin, the material part of artillery and small arms, its technical characteristics and combat qualities were studied in the building of the Tseykhauz.
As a military object, the Astrakhan Kremlin existed until the end of the 40s of the XX century.
For a long time, the building of the zeichhaus did not function and fell into a ruined state.
From 2007 to September 2013, after carrying out the necessary construction and restoration works according to the drawings of the XIX century, the former building of the "artillery store" - "Tseykhauz" found a new life as a museum and exhibition complex of the Astrakhan Museum Reserve.
An interesting feature, according to the description of the city of Astrakhan, compiled by academician N. Ya.
Ozeretskovsky in 1783, on the territory of the Kremlin there are buildings of the commission "a military court and a provision office, two powder cellars, 6 tseykhhouses, three wine cellars, two bast food stores, which are located in the Zhitny yard...".
EXPOSITIONS OF THE MUSEUM COMPLEX OF THE ARTILLERY YARD
Artillery (Torture) Tower of the Astrakhan Kremlin (16+) (seasonal exhibitions are valid from May to October)
- "From the history of corporal punishment in Russia of the XVI XVIII centuries."
- "The Prikaznaya chamber - the center of administrative management of the Astrakhan Region".
XVI XVIII centuries."
- "Troubles and popular uprisings in the region of the beginning.
XVII Con.
XVIII centuries."
Powder magazine (12+) (seasonal exhibitions are valid from May to October)
- Interactive exhibition "Opening of the shot"
Museum exhibition "Secrets of the Astrakhan Kremlin" (6+)
It was opened as part of the large scale Art Express program, which combines the exhibition space of five museums of the Southern Federal District into a single virtual multimedia network using multimedia technologies.
The project is being implemented with the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the Mirasvet Cultural Foundation in Astrakhan.
The innovative exhibition is located in the space of the Powder Magazine of the Artillery Yard.
The Astrakhan Kremlin in the XVII century was the center of management, administrative, economic and cultural life of the lower Volga region, the site of the first large urban settlement in Astrakhan.
Multimedia tools help to open new pages of the life of our ancestors, creating the effect of immersion in the realities of the past.
Here you can also get acquainted with reproductions of paintings by artists of the XIX XX centuries from the funds of the Astrakhan Museum Reserve and the Astrakhan State Art Gallery named after P. M. Guadin, reflecting the life and everyday life of citizens of medieval Russia.
THE EXPOSITION OF THE GUARDHOUSE BUILDING
Exhibition " The guardhouse of the Astrakhan garrison.
XIX century" (6+) - A new museum object, the building of the Guardhouse built in 1807, opened after restoration in October 2011.
Astrakhan residents and guests of the city will be able to get acquainted with the life of soldiers of the XIX century, their weapons, visit the officer's living room, the office of the head of the garrison, the guard room and the prisoner's room.
THE EXPOSITION OF THE RED GATE TOWER
Visitors will get acquainted with the unique exhibition " Astrakhan the southern outpost of Russia (XVI XIX centuries)" (6+)
The exposition of the first tier of the tower "The history of the formation of the Astrakhan Kremlin (XVI XVII centuries)" is devoted to the theme of the development of the Astrakhan Kremlin and the White City in the XVI XVII centuries.
At the exposition of the II tier of the tower "The development of trade in Astrakhan in the XVII –XVIII centuries." visitors will learn about the development of urban trade in the XVII XVIII centuries.
On the third tier, visitors will find a photo exhibition "Old Astrakhan" - these are reproductions of old photo postcards of the XIX beginning.
XX centuries, and "The History of the Astrakhan Kremlin" in maps and plans.
VISITING RULES
historical and architectural complex "Astrakhan Kremlin"
Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Astrakhan region dated October 27, 2015 No. 528 p.
Entrance fee to the Astrakhan Kremlin IAC":
Visiting one exhibition.
1 ticket schoolchildren - 20 rubles, students 30 rubles, adults 50 rubles.
Exclusive exhibition "SECRETS OF THE ASTRAKHAN KREMLIN".
1 ticket schoolchildren - 60 rubles, students 100 rubles, adults 160 rubles.
Excursion service in the IAK " Astrakhan Kremlin":
Guided tour of the exposition, thematic excursion (paid in addition to the entrance fee) - 1 acad.
an hour - 600 rubles.
Sightseeing tour of the territory of the Astrakhan Kremlin 1 acad.
an hour - 1250 rubles.
Sightseeing tour of the territory of the Astrakhan Kremlin with a visit to the complex "Artillery yard" - 2 academies.
hours - 2300 rubles.
Museum events and services:
Master class: 1 acad.
an hour - 150 rubles.
Viewing the panorama of the city through a telescope: 1 person/1 acad.
an hour - 50 rubles.
Photo shoot in costumes: 1 costume/1 acad.
an hour - 100 rubles.
Individual participation in the museum event: 1 acad.
an hour - 50 rubles.
The event "Wedding in the Kremlin": 1 acad.
an hour - 10000 rubles.
Amateur photography (except for exclusive halls) without flash - 1 acad.
an hour - 100 rubles.
Amateur video shooting (except for exclusive halls) without additional lighting - 1 acad.
an hour - 300 rubles.
Note:
1. The entrance fee is not charged from:
• participants of military operations;
* disabled people;
* military personnel undergoing military service on conscription;
* children under 16 years of age (except for exclusive exhibitions);
* orphans and children left without parental care, who are in orphanages, boarding schools;
* elderly citizens who are in boarding schools;
* employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Astrakhan region;
• large families (upon presentation of a certificate);
and also from other categories of citizens in accordance with the current legislation.
2. The entrance fee is charged in the amount of 50% of the total cost of the entrance ticket from visitors upon presentation of a pension certificate.
3. Prices for exhibitions from private collections are set on a contractual basis.
Also see:
http://www.cbr.ru/bank notes coins/base of memorable coins/coins1.asp?cat num=5115-0046
http://russia.rin.ru/guide/5/2.html
http://www.astrasocial.ru/index.php?option=com content&task=view&id=1069&Itemid=154
http://www.kremly.ru/
http://www.astrakhan.ru/?content=news item&id=33737
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