Russian City Architectural and Local History Library
A.V. Vorobyov Astrakhan Kremlin
OCR and preparation of text for HTML publication on the Halgar Fenrirsson website by
A.V. Vorobyov.
Astrakhan Kremlin.
Publishing house of the newspaper "Volga", Astrakhan, 1958.
The pagination is saved.
The page numbers are placed at the bottom of the page. (As in the book)
I.
From the history of the Kremlin.
II.
The walls and towers of the Kremlin.
III.
Architectural monuments of the Kremlin.
Applications
[plans of cathedrals]
A short dictionary of architectural and historical terms
I.
From the history of the Kremlin
The Astrakhan Kremlin is an outstanding monument of Russian military engineering art and architecture of the second half of the XVI century.
The construction of the Astrakhan Kremlin is associated with an important period in the history of our Motherland, when the constant threat of attacks from the east prevented the further growth and strengthening of the Russian centralized state.
One of the most important foreign policy tasks of Ivan IV was the struggle against the Tatar khanates in the Volga region, the struggle for the annexation of the Middle and Lower Volga regions to the Russian state.
As a result of the conquest of Kazan (1552) and the annexation of Astrakhan (1556), the Russian state captured the Volga along its entire length and gained access to the Caspian Sea.
In 1558, modern Astrakhan was founded on the left bank of the Volga.
The first wooden fortress was built on a high hill called Zayachy, or Long.
The conquest campaign of the Turkish Tatar troops to Astrakhan in 1569 and other aggressive actions of Turkey and its vassal of the Crimean Khanate showed the need for a more serious strengthening of Astrakhan as an advanced outpost on the southeastern borders of the Russian state.
In this regard, it was decided to build a stone fortress instead of a wooden one.
The chosen location of the stone fortress the Kremlin dictated the shape of its plan, a long and narrow triangle stretching along the Volga River on one side.
For the construction of the Kremlin, the-
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a brick was made from the ruins of the former Golden Horde capital of Sarai Batu, located on the bank of the Akhtuba River, on the site of the current village of Saltpeter, Kharabalinsky district, Astrakhan region.
The walls of the Kremlin at the corners and in the areas between them were reinforced with towers.
As the population of Astrakhan grows, a settlement with residential buildings appears to the east of the fortress.
By 1631, this territory was surrounded by stone walls and received the name of the White City.
On the south side, the walls of the Zhitny Dvor were attached to the Kremlin.
During its existence, the Astrakhan Kremlin has played a major role in a number of important historical events.
The Kremlin was the center of the Astrakhan uprising, which began in June 1606, during the peasant war under the leadership of I. I. Bolotnikov.
In May 1614, the Astrakhan rebels stormed the Kremlin and expelled a gang of traitors who had settled here after fleeing from Moscow, led by ataman I. Zarutsky and a Polish adventurer M. Mnishek.
During the peasant war led by S. T. Razin, the Astrakhan Kremlin was the residence and stronghold of the rebels for seventeen months — from June 22, 1670 to November 27, 1671.
The tsarist troops managed to occupy the Kremlin only after a long (siege.
The tsarist troops took the Kremlin by storm, suppressing the Astrakhan anti feudal popular uprising of 1705-1706.
After the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Red Guard detachments were formed on the territory of the Kremlin and the Military Revolutionary Committee was located.
The Red Guard, led by the Bolsheviks, heroically defended the Kremlin during the counter revolutionary uprising in January 1918.
The Kremlin was subjected to heavy artillery shelling, which caused significant damage to its structures.
On January 25 (February 7, new style), 1918, the offensive of the Red Guard otr began, which ended with the defeat of the counter regs.
the establishment of Soviet power in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan province.
In 1919, in the Kremlin, under the leadership of S. M. Kirov, the units of the XI Army were reorganized to protect
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Pyamyatnik to V. I. Lenin
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the mouth of the Volga and the defeat of the White Guard troops and foreign interventionists.
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