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Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces
The sun - Astronomical information The Sun - Astrological description The Sun - Astronomical information The Sun in Aries, the Sun in Taurus, the Sun in Gemini, The Sun in Cancer, the Sun in Leo, the Sun in Virgo, the Sun in Libra, the Sun in Scorpio, the Sun in Sagittarius, the Sun in Capricorn, the Sun in Aquarius, The Sun in Pisces
The sun is the central and largest body of the Solar system, a red hot plasma ball, a typical dwarf star.
The chemical composition of the Sun it consists of hydrogen and helium, the remaining elements are less than 0.1%.
The source of solar energy is the reaction of converting hydrogen into helium at a speed of 600 million tons per second.
At the same time, light and heat are released in the core of the Sun.
The temperature in the core reaches 15 million degrees.
The sun is a hot rotating ball consisting of glowing gas.
The radius of the Sun is 696 t.
km.
The diameter of the Sun : 1392000 km (109 diameters of the Earth).
The solar atmosphere (chromosphere and solar corona) is very active, various phenomena are observed in it: flares, prominences, solar wind (constant outflow of corona matter into interplanetary space).
Prominences (from Lat. protubero swell), huge, stretching up to hundreds of thousands of kilometers, tongues of incandescent gas in the solar corona, having a higher density and lower temperature than the corona plasma surrounding them.
On the disk of the Sun, they are observed in the form of dark fibers, and on its edge in the form of luminous clouds, arches or jets.
Their temperature range can reach up to 4000 degrees.
A solar flare, the most powerful manifestation of solar activity, is a sudden local release of energy from magnetic fields in the corona and chromosphere of the Sun.
During solar flares, an increase in the brightness of the chromosphere (8-10 min), acceleration of electrons, protons and heavy ions, X ray and radio emission are observed.
Sunspots, formations in the photosphere of the Sun, develop from pores, can reach 200 thousand km across, exist on average for 10-20 days.
The temperature in sunspots is lower than the temperature of the photosphere, as a result of which they are 2-5 times darker than the photosphere.
Often spots appear in groups.
Sunspots are formed when magnetic field lines thicken on the surface of the Sun.
The magnetic field prevents the transfer of energy from the depths of the Sun, so the spots look colder, darker and seemingly deeper compared to the surrounding surface.
Sunspots live for several days, and then they disintegrate.
The number of sunspots is constantly changing in accordance with the activity of the Sun.
Every 5 ½ years, the Sun passes from the maximum to the minimum of activity.
The minimum of solar activity occurred two years ago.
The sun and sunspots can never be observed directly.
The rotation of the Sun around the axis occurs in the same direction as the Earth (from west to east).One revolution relative to the Earth is made in 27.275 days (synodic period of circulation), relative to the fixed stars in 25.38 days (sidereal period of circulation).
Solar and lunar eclipses occur either when the Earth falls into the shadow cast by the Moon (solar eclipses), or when the Moon falls into the shadow of the Earth (lunar eclipses).
The duration of total solar eclipses does not exceed 7.5 minutes, partial (large phase) 2 hours .
The lunar shadow glides across the Earth at a speed of approx. 1 km/s, running a distance of up to 15 thousand km, its diameter is about 270 km.
Total lunar eclipses can last up to 1 hour and 45 minutes.
Eclipses are repeated in a certain sequence after a time period of 6585 1/3 days .
Every year there are no more than 7 eclipses (of which no more than 3 are lunar).
The activity of the solar atmosphere is periodically repeated, an 11 year period.
The sun is the main source of energy for the Earth, it affects all earthly processes.
The Earth is located at a good distance from the Sun, so life has been preserved on it.
Solar radiation creates conditions suitable for living organisms.
If the Earth was closer , it would be too hot, and vice versa.
The surface of Venus is heated to almost 500 degrees and the pressure of the atmosphere is huge, so it is almost impossible to meet life there.
Mars is located further from the Sun, it is too cold for a person there, sometimes the temperature rises briefly to 16 degrees.
Usually, there are severe frosts on this planet, in which even carbon dioxide, which makes up the atmosphere of Mars, freezes.
How long will the Sun last?
Every second, the Sun processes about 600 million tons of hydrogen, while producing about 4 million tons of helium.
Comparing this speed with the mass of the Sun, the question arises: how long will our luminary last?
It is absolutely clear that the Sun will not exist forever, although it has an incredibly long life ahead of it.
Now it is in middle age.
It took him 5 billion years to process half of his hydrogen fuel.
In the coming years, the Sun will slowly warm up and slightly increase in size.
Over the next 5 billion over the years, its temperature and volume will gradually increase as the hydrogen burns.
When all the hydrogen in the central core is used up, the Sun will be three times larger than it is now.
The dying Sun will engulf the Earth and turn solid rock into molten lava.
In the depths of the Sun, helium nuclei will combine to form nuclei of carbon and heavier substances.
Eventually, the Sun will cool down, turning into a ball of nuclear waste, the so called white dwarf.
Weight:
1.99* 1030 kg
Diameter:
1.392.000 km
Absolute stellar magnitude:
+4.8
Spectral class
G2
Surface temperature:
5800° C
The period of rotation around the axis:
25 h (poles) - 35 h(equator)
The period of rotation around the center of the galaxy:
200.000.000 years
Distance to the center of the galaxy:
25000 light.
years
The speed of movement around the center of the galaxy
230 km / sec
Authors: Nasa The photo you see was taken in 1973.
It shows the Sun with the largest prominence ever recorded.
Authors: Nasa In fact, sunspots are light, they look black compared to the rest of the Sun's regions.
The diameter of sunspots is the size of the Earth.
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Authors: Nasa The photo shows a total solar eclipse, in which the solar corona surrounding the moon is clearly visible.
