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Guide to the world of space → Biographies of scientists and astronomers → The great Italian scientist Galileo Galilei
The great Italian scientist Galileo Galilei
On February 15, 1564, in the city of Pisa, the son of Galileo was born in the family of Vincenzo Galilei, later the great Italian scientist Galileo Galilei, about whom the whole world now knows.
About the Galileo family
His family was not rich, but his father was a doctor in different directions: in mathematics, in music, in art history, and even in composing music.
At the age of eleven, Galileo and his parents moved to the Italian city of Florence.
He was trained within the walls of the monastery, studying the works of the classics.
The father was against the monastic career of his son and soon took him away from there.
At the age of seventeen, Galileo began his thorough study of philosophical and mathematical sciences at the University of Pisa, initially studying medicine, he retrained at the Faculty of law.
The young man is fond of the works of Archimedes, as well as Euclid.
Already in 1586, his first very small work was published, the topic of which was hydrostatic scales, designed by him personally.
About study and main activity
The building of the University of Pisa
Just three years later, Galileo, who turned only 25 years old, is already a professor of mathematics at the University of Pisa.
There are many legends about this period of time, especially interesting are his public experiments with dropping human bodies from the tower of the city of Pisa.
The period from 1592 to 1610, when the scientist was appointed to the post of professor at the University of Padua at the suggestion of the Government of the Republic of Venice, is considered the most fruitful for all the years of his work on the issue of hydrostatics, mechanics, resistance of materials, as well as the theory of the simplest machines.
Galileo was an opponent of the system of studying astronomy and mechanics according to the generally accepted scheme of Ptolemy — Aristotle, which led to the fact that by the end of his work in Padua he could already openly talk about it.
Since that time, the scientist has a very difficult period of his life, this is the time of the Inquisition in Italy.
Despite the fact that Padua was considered a city very far from the inquisitors, Galileo still returns to his hometown of Florence and begins his new service already at the Medici court, thinking that he will be protected by the powerful there.
Like every successful scientist, he had a lot of enemies, so, for example, obscurantists and ignoramuses spoke negatively about the results of his observations.
They arranged constant checks, as a result of which the validity of the scientist's discoveries was still confirmed.
About discoveries
The device of the Galileo system telescope
After the invention of the telescope, the scientist began to design it.
And in less than a year, he created a pipe with a three fold increase.
A little more time passed, and he achieved a stunning result — his pipe gave an increase of thirty two times!
The scientist had a unique opportunity to see the different phases of Venus, he discovered the presence of mountains on the lunar surface and satellites of the planet Jupiter (there were four of them).
His greatest discovery is the multitude of stars that create the Milky Way.
This completely refuted the views of Aristotle, but it was a confirmation of the system that Copernicus believed to be true.
After the publication of the "Star Messenger" (the new book of Galileo), where he personally, with his usual businesslike tone, reported on the observations made through the telescope and published the corresponding conclusions, a new understanding of his contemporaries ' work and discoveries takes place.
"Columbus of the sky" - so they began to call the scientist astronomer.
Now it has become possible to explore the Universe with the help of Earth mechanics, and this is already a real revolution in the worldview and science.
The moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo
It is noteworthy that the works of Galileo are presented in a clear, very close to our modern, syllable with an accurate formulation of all statements and positions.
Thanks to the experiments conducted by him, the teaching of the great Aristotle was completely refuted, in which it was claimed that the speed of the fall is proportional to the weight of the falling body.
The role of Galileo in mechanics is great, it was he who was able to give an accurate definition of the phenomenon of equidistant motion, and also found the laws of the route and speed fluctuations in it.
Thanks to the immortal creations of the great scientist, the way was cleared for use by classical and modern physicists, for their discoveries.
A striking example of such was I. Newton.
Galileo Galilei lived to the age of 78, and in 1642 he died in the arms of his devoted disciples — Torricelli and Viviani.
The ashes of the great mathematician, astronomer, physicist and mechanic rest in the church of Santa Croce (Florence).
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The entry is published: 29.11.2014 Author: Maxim Zabolotsky
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