Michelangelo
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Michelangelo Buonarroti
Birth name: Michelangelo Buonarroti
Date of birth: March 6, 1475(1475-03-06)
Place of birth: Caprese Michelangelo, near Arezzo
Date of death: February 18, 1564(1564-02-18) (88 years old)
Place of death: Rome, Papal Region[1]
Country: Italy
Genre: sculpture
painting
architecture
poetry
Style: Renaissance
baroque
Patrons: Lorenzo the Magnificent
Julius II
Paul III
Signature:
Works on Wikimedia Commons
Michelangelo Buonarroti, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni (ital.
Michelangelo di Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni( 6 March 1475, Caprese — 18 February 1564, Rome) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, thinker.
One of the greatest masters of the Renaissance and early Baroque.
His works were considered the highest achievements of the Renaissance art during the lifetime of the master himself[2][3].
Michelangelo lived for almost 89 years, an entire era, from the period of the High Renaissance to the origins of the Counter Reformation.
During this period, thirteen Popes were replaced — he carried out orders for nine of them.
Many documents about his life and work have been preserved — testimonies of contemporaries, letters from Michelangelo himself, contracts, his personal and professional records.
Michelangelo was also the first representative of Western European art, whose biography was published during his lifetime[2].
Among his most famous sculptural works are "David", "Bacchus", "Pieta", statues of "Moses", "Leah" and "Rachel" for the tomb of Pope Julius II.
Giorgio Vasari, the first official biographer of Michelangelo, wrote that "David ""took away the glory from all statues, modern and ancient, Greek and Roman"[4].
One of the most monumental works of the artist are the frescoes of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, about which Goethe wrote that: "Without seeing the Sistine Chapel, it is difficult to form a visual idea of what one person can do" [5][6].
Among his architectural achievements are the project of the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral, the stairs of the Laurentian library, the Campidoglio Square and others.
Researchers believe that Michelangelo's art is an art that begins and ends with the image of the human body [7].
Content
1 Life and creativity 1.1 Childhood 1.2 Youth.
First works 1.3 Death and Burial
2 Works 2.1 Famous works 2.2 Poetic creativity 2.2.1 Use in Music
3 Appearance 4 Spiritual quest and personal life 5 Assessment 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Literature 9 In movies 10 References
Life and creativity[edit / edit wiki text]
A copy of Michelangelo's birth record
Childhood years[edit / edit wiki text]
Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475 in the Tuscan town of Caprese, north of Arezzo, in the family of an impoverished Florentine nobleman Lodovico Buonarroti (ital. Lodovico (Ludovico) di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni) (1444-1534), who at that time was the 169th Podesta [8].
For several generations, representatives of the Buonarroti—Simoni family were small bankers in Florence, but Lodovico failed to maintain the financial condition of the bank, so he occasionally held public positions[2][9].
It is known that Lodovico was proud of his aristocratic origin, because the Buonarroti Simoni family claimed blood kinship with the Margravine Matilda of Canossa, although there was not enough documentary data to confirm this.
Ascanio Condivi claimed that Michelangelo himself believed this, recalling the aristocratic origin of the family in his letters to his nephew Lionardo[10].
William Wallace wrote[11]:
"Before Michelangelo, very few artists claimed such an origin.
The artists did not have not only coats of arms, but also real surnames.
They were named after their father, profession or city, and among them such famous contemporaries of Michelangelo as Leonardo da Vinci and Giorgione"
According to Lodovico's record, which is kept in the Casa Buonarroti Museum (Florence), Michelangelo was born " (...) on Monday morning, at 4 or 5: 00 before dawn."
This register also indicates that the christening took place on March 8 in the church of San Giovanni di Caprese, and the godparents are listed[12]:
The Godparents of Michelangelo Name in Russian Name in Italian Approx.
Don Daniello di Ser Buonaguida from Florence, parish priest of the Church of San Giovanni Don Andrea di ...
Don Andrea di ... * from Poppi, priest from the monastery in Dicciano (ital. Dicciano) Giovanni di Nauri Giovanni di Naurii from Caprese Jacopo di Francesco Jacopo di Francesco from Casurio (ital. Casurio)** Marco di Giorgio Marco di Giorgio from Caprese Giovanni di Biaggio Giovanni di Biaggio from Caprese Andrea di Biaggio Andrea di Biaggio from Caprese Francesco di Jacopo del Anduino Francesco di Jacopo del Anduino** from Caprese Ser Bartolomeo di Santi del Lanse** notary * Unknown ** illegible
About his mother, Francesca di Neri di Miniato del Siena (ital. Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena), who married early and died of exhaustion from frequent pregnancies in the year of Michelangelo's sixth birthday[13], the latter never mentions in his voluminous correspondence with his father and brothers[14].
Lodovico Buonarroti was not rich, and the income from his small estate in the village was barely enough to support many children.
In this regard, he was forced to give Michelangelo to the nurse, the wife of "scarpelino" from the same village, called Settignano.
There, raised by a married couple Topolino, the boy learned to knead clay and use a chisel before reading and writing.
In any case, Michelangelo himself later told his friend and biographer Giorgio Vasari:
"If there is something good in my talent, it is from the fact that I was born in the rarefied air of your Aretian land, and I extracted both the chisels and the hammer with which I make my statues from the milk of my nurse"[15][8].
"The Count of Canos"
(Drawing by Michelangelo)
Michelangelo was the second son of Lodovico.
Fritz Erpeli gives the year of birth of his brothers Lionardo (ital. Lionardo) — 1473, Buonarroto (ital. Buonarroto) — 1477, Giovancimone (ital. Giovansimone) — 1479 and Gismondo (ital. Gismondo) — 1481.
In the same year, his mother died, and in 1485, four years after her death, Lodovico married for the second time.
Michelangelo's stepmother was Lucrezia Ubaldini[16].
Soon Michelangelo was sent to the school of Francesco Galatea da Urbino (ital. Francesco Galatea da Urbino) in Florence.
The guy did not show a special inclination to study and preferred communicating with artists and redrawing church icons and frescoes[17].
Youth.
The first works[edit / edit wiki text]
Cesare Zocci.
"Young Michelangelo carves the Head of a faun" (lost)
In 1488, Michelangelo's father accepted his son's inclinations and placed him as an apprentice in the studio of the artist Domenico Ghirlandaio[18].
Here the guy had the opportunity to get acquainted with the basic materials and techniques, his pencil copies of the works of such Florentine artists as Giotto and Masaccio belong to the same period, already in these copies the sculptural vision of forms characteristic of Michelangelo was manifested[19].
His painting "The Torment of St. Anthony" (a copy of an engraving by Martin Schongauer) belongs to the same period.
He studied there for one year.
A year later, Michelangelo goes to the school of the sculptor Bertoldo di Giovanni, which existed under the patronage of Lorenzo de ' Medici, the actual owner of Florence.
The Medici recognizes Michelangelo's talent and patronizes him.
From about 1490 to 1492, Michelangelo was at the Medici court.
Here he met the philosophers of the Platonic Academy (Marsilio Ficino, Angelo Poliziano, Pico della Mirandola and others).
He was also friends with Giovanni (the second son of Lorenzo, the future Pope Leo X) and Giulio de 'Medici (the illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, the future Pope Clement VII[20]).
It is possible that "Madonna at the Stairs" and "Battle of the Centaurs"were created at this time.
It is known that at this time, Pietro Torrigiano, who was also a student of Bertoldo, quarreled with Michelangelo, broke the guy's nose with a blow to the face[21].
After the death of the Medici in 1492, Michelangelo returns home.
In the years 1494-1495, Michelangelo lived in Bologna, creating sculptures for the Arch of St. Dominic.
In 1495, he returned to Florence, where the Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola ruled, and created sculptures "St. Johannes" and "Sleeping Cupid".
In 1496, Cardinal Raphael Riario buys Michelangelo's marble Cupid and invites the artist to work in Rome, where Michelangelo arrives on June 25.
In the years 1496-1501, he created "Bacchus" and "Roman Pieta".
In 1501, Michelangelo returned to Florence.
Commissioned works: sculptures for the "Piccolomini altar" and "David".
In 1503, works were commissioned: "The Twelve Apostles", the beginning of work on "St. Matthew" for the Florentine Cathedral.
Approximately in 1503-1505, the creation of the "Madonna of Doni", "Madonna of Taddea", "Madonna of Pitti" and "Madonna of Bruges" takes place.
In 1504, the work on "David"ends; Michelangelo receives an order to create the "Battle of Kashin".
In 1505, the sculptor was summoned by Pope Julius II to Rome; he ordered a tomb for him.
An eight month stay in Carrara follows, the selection of the necessary marble for the work.
In 1505-1545, work was carried out (with interruptions) on the tomb, for which the sculptures "Moses", "Bound Slave", "Dying Slave", "Leah"were created.
In April 1506, he returned to Florence again, and in November he reconciled with Julius II in Bologna.
Michelangelo receives an order for a bronze statue of Julius II, which he was working on in 1507 (it was later destroyed).
In February 1508, Michelangelo returned to Florence again.
In May, at the request of Julius II, he goes to Rome to paint the ceiling frescoes in the Sistine Chapel; he works on them until October 1512.
In 1513, Julius II died.
Giovanni de ' Medici becomes Pope Leo X. Michelangelo signs a new contract to work on the tomb of Julius II.
In 1514, the sculptor received an order for "Christ with the Cross" and the chapels of Pope Leo X in Engelsburg.
The Tomb of Michelangelo Buonarroti in Santa Croce
In July 1514, Michelangelo returned to Florence again.
He receives an order to create the facade of the Medici Church of San Lorenzo in Florence, and he signs the third contract for the creation of the tomb of Julius II.
In 1516-1519, numerous trips were made to Carrara and Pietrasanta to get marble for the facade of San Lorenzo.
In 1520-1534, the sculptor worked on the architectural and sculptural complex of the Medici Chapel in Florence, and also designed and built the Laurenzina Library.
In 1546, the artist was entrusted with the most significant architectural orders in his life.
For Pope Paul III, he completed the Palazzo Farnese (the third floor of the courtyard facade and the cornice) and designed for him a new decoration of the Capitol, the material embodiment of which lasted, however, for a long time.
But, by far, the most important order that prevented him from returning to his native Florence until his death was for Michelangelo his appointment as the chief architect of St. Peter's Cathedral.
Having been convinced of such trust in him and faith in him on the part of the pope, Michelangelo, in order to show his good will, wished that the decree should declare that he serves in the construction out of love for God and without any remuneration.
Death and burial[edit / edit wiki text]
Michelangelo died on February 18, 1564 in Rome.
His death was witnessed by Tommaso Cavalieri, Daniele da Volterra, Diomede Leone, doctors Federico Donati and Gherardo Fidelissimi, and a servant Antonio Franzese[22].
Before his death, he dictated the will with all his characteristic laconicism: "I give my soul to God, my body to the earth, my property to my relatives"[23].
A few days before Michelangelo's death, his nephew, Lionardo, arrived in Rome, to whom on February 15, at the request of Michelangelo, he wrote a letter to Federico Donati[24].
Pope Pius IV was going to bury Michelangelo in Rome, having built him a tomb in St. Peter's Cathedral [25].
On February 20, 1564, Michelangelo's body was temporarily laid in the Basilica of Santi Apostoli.
In early March, the body of the sculptor was secretly transported to Florence[26] and solemnly buried on July 14, 1564 in the Franciscan church of Santa Croce[27], not far from Machiavelli's grave.
Works[edit / edit wiki text]
The genius of Michelangelo left an imprint not only on the art of the Renaissance, but also on the entire subsequent world culture.
His activities are mainly connected with two Italian cities Florence and Rome.
By the nature of his talent, he was primarily a sculptor.
This is also felt in the master's paintings, which are extremely rich in the plasticity of movements, complex poses, distinct and powerful modeling of volumes.
In Florence, Michelangelo created an immortal example of the High Renaissance the statue " David "(1501-1504), which became the standard of the image of the human body for many centuries, in Rome — the sculptural composition" Pieta " (1498-1499), one of the first incarnations of the figure of a dead man in plastic.
However, the artist was able to realize his most grandiose ideas in painting, where he acted as a true innovator of color and form.
Commissioned by Pope Julius II, he painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512), representing the biblical story from the creation of the world to the flood and including more than 300 figures.
In 1534-1541, in the same Sistine Chapel, he performed a grandiose, dramatic fresco "The Last Judgment"for Pope Paul III.
The architectural works of Michelangelo are striking in their beauty and grandeur — the ensemble of the Capitol Square and the dome of the Vatican Cathedral in Rome.
The arts have reached such perfection in him, which you will not find either among the ancients or among the new people for many, many years.
His imagination was so perfect and so perfect, and the things presented to him in the idea were such that it was impossible to carry out plans so great and amazing with his hands, and he often abandoned his creations, moreover, destroyed many; so, it is known that shortly before his death he burned a large number of drawings, sketches and cartons created with his own hands, so that no one could see the
- Giorgio Vasari.
"Biographies of the most famous painters, sculptors and architects."
T. V. M., 1971.
Famous works[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: List of Michelangelo's works
The Madonna is at the stairs.
Marble.
Ca.
1491.
Florence, Buonarroti Museum.
The battle of the Centaurs.
Marble.
Ca.
1492.
Florence, Buonarroti Museum.
Pieta.
Marble.
1498-1499.
Vatican City, St. Peter's Cathedral.
Madonna and child.
Marble.
Ca.
1501.
Bruges, the Church of Notre Dame.
David.
Marble.
1501—1504.
Florence, Academy of Fine Arts.
Madonna of Taddei.
Marble.
Ca.
1502-1504.
London, Royal Academy of Arts.
Madonna Doni.
1503—1504.
Florence, Uffizi Gallery.
Madonna of the Pitti.
Ca.
1504-1505.
Florence, Bargello National Museum.
The Apostle Matthew.
Marble.
1506.
Florence, Academy of Fine Arts.
Painting of the vault of the Sistine Chapel.
1508—1512.
Vatican City.
The Creation of Adam
A dying slave.
Marble.
Ca.
1513.
Paris, the Louvre.
Moses.
Ca.
1515.
Rome, Church of San Pietro in Vincoli.
Atlant.
Marble.
Between 1519, ca .
1530-1534.
Florence, Academy of Fine Arts.
The Medici Chapel 1520-1534.
Madonna.
Florence, the Medici Chapel.
Marble.
1521-1534.
The Laurentian Library.
1524—1534, 1549—1559.
Florence.
The tomb of Duke Lorenzo.
The Medici Chapel.
1524-1531.
Florence, San Lorenzo Cathedral.
The tomb of Duke Giuliano.
The Medici Chapel.
1526-1533.
Florence, San Lorenzo Cathedral.
A crouching boy.
Marble.
1530-1534.
Russia, St. Petersburg, the State Hermitage Museum.
Brutus.
Marble.
After 1539.
Florence, Bargello National Museum.
The Last Judgment.
The Sistine Chapel.
1535—1541.
Vatican City.
Tomb of Julius II.
1542-1545.
Rome, Church of San Pietro in Vincoli.
The Pieta (Position in the coffin) of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore.
Marble.
Ca.
1547-1555.
Florence, Opera del Duomo Museum.
In 2007, Michelangelo's last work was found in the Vatican archives — a sketch of one of the details of the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral.
The drawing, made in red chalk, is "an image of a detail of one of the radial columns that make up the drum of the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome."
It is believed that this is the last work of the famous artist, made shortly before his death in 1564[28].
This is not the first time that Michelangelo's works have been found in archives and museums.
So, in 2002, in the vaults of the National Museum of Design in New York, among the works of unknown authors of the Renaissance, another drawing was found: on a sheet of paper measuring 45×25 cm, the artist depicted a menorah a candlestick for seven candles.
In early 2015, it became known about the discovery of the first and probably the only surviving bronze sculpture by Michelangelo — a composition of two riders on panthers[29].
Poetic creativity[edit / edit wiki text]
Michelangelo's sonnet with a caricature
Vittoria and Michelangelo at "Moses", a painting of the XIX century
Michelangelo's poetry is considered one of the brightest examples of the Renaissance[30].
About 300 poems by Michelangelo have survived to this day.
The main themes are the glorification of man, the bitterness of disappointment and the loneliness of the artist.
My favorite poetic forms are the madrigal and the sonnet.
According to R. Rolland, Michelangelo began writing poetry as a child, however, there are not so many of them left, because in 1518, he burned most of his early poems, and destroyed some more later, before his death[31].
Some of his poems were published in the works of Benedetto Varca (ital. Benedetto Varchi), Donato Giannotto (ital. Donato Giannotti), Giorgio Vasari and others[32].
Luigi Ricci and Giannotto invited him to select the best poems for publication.
In 1545, Giannotto took up the preparation of the first collection of Michelangelo, however, it did not go further — Luigi died in 1546, and Vittoria died in 1547.
Michelangelo decided to abandon this idea, considering it vanity[32][33].
Thus, during his lifetime, the collection of his poems was not published, and the first collection was published only in 1623 by his nephew Michelangelo Buonarroti (the younger) under the title "Poems of Michelangelo, collected by his nephew" in the Florentine publishing house "Giuntine" (ital. Giuntine)[34].
This edition was incomplete, and contained certain inaccuracies[31].
In 1863, Cesare Guasti (ital.
Chesare Guasti published the first accurate edition of the artist's poems, which, however, was not chronological[35].
In 1897, the German art critic Karl Frey published The Poems of Michelangelo, Collected and Commented on by Dr. Karl Frey (Berlin) [36].
Edition by Enzo Noe Girard (Bari, 1960) ital.
Enzo Noe Girardi) consisted of three parts, and was much more perfect than Frey's edition in the accuracy of reproducing the text and was distinguished by a better chronology of the arrangement of the verses, although not completely indisputable[37].
The study of Michelangelo's poetic creativity was carried out, in particular, by the German writer Wilhelm Lang, who defended his dissertation on this topic, published in 1861[38].
Usage in music[edit / edit wiki text]
Even during his lifetime, some of the poems were set to music.
Among the most famous composers of Michelangelo's contemporaries are Jacob Arkadelt ("Deh dimm" Amor se l'alma " and "Io dico che fra voi") [39], Bartolomeo Tromboncino, Constanza Festa (the lost madrigal to a poem by Michelangelo [40]), Jean where Cons (also — Consilium) [41].
Also, such composers as Richard Strauss (a cycle of five songs — the first on the words of Michelangelo, the rest — Adolf von Schack, 1886[42]), Hugo Wolf (the vocal cycle "Songs of Michelangelo" 1897[43]) and Benjamin Britten (the song cycle "Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo", 1940 [44]) wrote music for his words.
On July 31, 1974, Dmitry Shostakovich wrote a suite for bass and piano (opus 145).
The suite is based on eight sonnets and three poems by the artist (translated by Abram Efros) [45].
In 2006, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies completed the work on "Tondo di Michelangelo" (for baritone and piano).
The work includes eight sonnets by Michelangelo.
The premiere took place on October 18, 2007[46].
In 2010, the Austrian composer Matthew Dewey wrote the work "Il tempo passa: music to Michelangelo" (for baritone, viola and piano).
It uses a modern translation of Michelangelo's poems into English.
The world premiere of the work took place on January 16, 2011[47].
Appearance[edit / edit wiki text]
Engraving with a portrait of Michelangelo (Condivi)
Bust of Michelangelo
(Daniele da Volterra, 1564)
There are several portraits of Michelangelo.
Among them are Sebastiano del Piombo (c. 1520), Giuliano Bugiardini, Jacopino del Conte (1544-1545, Uffizi Gallery), Marcello Venusti (museum in the Capitol), Francisco d'Olanda (1538-1539), Giulio Bonasone (1546) and others.
His image was also in the biography of Condivi, which was published in 1553, and in 1561 Leone Leoni minted a coin with his image[48].
Describing the appearance of Michelangelo, Romain Rolland chose as a basis the portraits of Conte and d'oland[49]: "Michelangelo was of medium height, broad in the shoulders and muscular (...).
His head was round, his forehead was square, cut with wrinkles, with pronounced brow arches.
Black, rather sparse hair, slightly curly.
Small light brown eyes, the color of which was constantly changing, dotted with yellow and blue specks (...).
A wide, straight nose with a slight hump (...).
Thinly defined lips, the lower lip is slightly protruding.
Thin sideburns, and a forked, sparse beard of a faun (...) a high cheekboned face with sunken cheeks."
Nevertheless, the cinema preferred to portray him as more attractive than he really was[21].
Michelangelo did not leave behind a single documented self portrait[21], however, a number of his works are considered by researchers to be possible images of the artist.
Among them are "Saint Proclus of Bologna", the head of Holofernes in the fresco "Judith and Holofernes" on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the loser in the sculpture group "Spirit of Victory", the face on the removed skin of St. Bartholomew (fresco "The Last Judgment"), St. Nicodemus in "Pieta II" [50].
It is also believed that he is depicted in Raphael's fresco "The School of Athens" [51], although this statement is not unambiguous[52].
After Michelangelo's death, Daniele da Volterra made a death mask of the sculptor and his bust[49].
Spiritual quest and personal life[edit / edit wiki text]
In 1536, Vittoria Colonna, Marchioness of Pescara, came to Rome, where this 47 year old widowed poet earned the deep friendship of 61 year old Michelangelo.
Vittoria is the only woman whose name is firmly associated with Michelangelo.
His poems to her... sometimes it is difficult to distinguish from the sonnets to the young man Tommaso Cavalieri, besides, it is known that Michelangelo himself sometimes replaced the address "signor" with "signora" before releasing his poems to the people"[53].
(In the future, his poems were censored again by his great nephew before publication).
Her departure to Orvieto and Viterbo in 1541 due to the rebellion of her brother Ascanio Colonna against Paul III did not cause a change in her relationship with the artist, and they continued to visit each other and correspond as before.
She returned to Rome in 1544.
Sonnet No. 60
And the highest genius will not add a single thought to those that marble itself conceals in abundance — and only this will be revealed to us by a Hand obedient to reason.
I am waiting for joy, anxiety is pressing my heart, The Wisest, good donna — I owe everything to you, and I am ashamed That my gift does not glorify you as it should.
It is not the power of Love, not your beauty, Or coldness, or anger, or the oppression of contempt that bear the blame In my misfortune, Because death with mercy is merged in your heart, but my pathetic genius, loving, is able to extract death alone.
Michelangelo
Biographers of the famous artist note: "The correspondence of these two remarkable people is not only of high biographical interest, but also is a wonderful monument of the historical era and a rare example of a lively exchange of thoughts full of intelligence, subtle observation and irony"[54].
Researchers write about sonnets dedicated to Michelangelo Vittoria: "The deliberate, forced platonism of their relationship aggravated and brought to crystallization the love philosophical warehouse of Michelangelo's poetry, which largely reflected the views and poetry of the Marquise herself, who played the role of Michelangelo's spiritual guide during the 1530s.
Their poetic "correspondence" aroused the attention of contemporaries; perhaps the most famous was sonnet 60, which became the subject of a special interpretation"[55].
Recordings of conversations between Vittoria and Michelangelo, heavily processed, are preserved in the posthumously published recordings of the Portuguese artist Francesco d'olland[56].
Rating[edit / edit wiki text]
Michelangelo was considered the most outstanding master during his lifetime.
Now he is considered one of the greatest masters in the history of mankind.
A significant number of his sculptures, paintings and works of architecture are the most famous in the world.
His most famous work is probably the statue of David [57].
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
(3001) Michelangelo
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
Немец German National Library, Berlin State Library, Bavarian State Library, etc. Record #118582143 / / General regulatory Control — 2012-2016.
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↑ 1 2 3 Michelangelo (English).
Encyclopædia Britannica.
Checked on September 18, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Wall Wallace, 2010, p .
5. Ва Vasari, 1970, p. 312.
↑ "...
Ohne die Sixtinische Kapelle gesehen zu haben, kann man sich keinen anschauenden Begriff machen, was ein Mensch vermag" (Dorothea Scholl.
Von den «Grottesken» zum Grotesken: die Konstituierung einer Poetik des Grotesken in der italienischen Renaissance.
- LIT Verlag Münster, 2004 — - 768 p .) ( German)
Joh Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Italian Journey (1786-1788), August 23, 1787 (English).
Checked on September 18, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Э Erpel, 1990, p .
7. ↑ 1 2 Tolnay, 1943, p .
11. ↑ Brion, 2002, p.
6. Cond Condivi, 1999, p .
5. ↑ William.
Wallace,Michelangelo: The Artist, the Man, and his Times, Cambridge University Press Wall Wallace, 2010, p .
63. ↑ Brion, 2002, p .
9. ↑ Charles Clément.
Michelangelo.
— S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, ltd., 1892.
— 5 s.
(eng.) ↑ Vasari, 1970, p. 298.
↑ Rolland, 1992, p.
91. ↑ Condivi, 1999, p.
9. ↑ Vasari, 1970, p. 299.
↑ Sculpture — light painting (ROS.).
Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Wallace, 2010, p .
30. ↑ 1 2 3 Shelley Esaak.
Will the Real Michelangelo Please Stand Up? (English)
(July 27, 2008).
Checked on June 20, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Ро Rolland, 1992, p. 196 .
Ва Vazari, 1970, p. 402.
Ро Rolland, 1992, p. 195.
↑ " The last day of life, the first day of rest! "(February 18, 1564)
(Russian).
Checked on June 22, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Ва Vasari, 1970, p. 419.
↑ Erpel, 1990, p.
15. ↑ Michelangelo's "last sketch" has been found ↑ Kolpakov, G. Michelangelo sent greetings after 500 years.
The only non marble sculptural composition of Michelangelo was found.
Newspaper.
<url> (2.02.2015).
- "Scientists have even managed to establish an approximate date of the creation of the bronze pair between 1506 and 1508 years" Checked on February 2, 2015.
Wall Wallace, 2010, pp.
40-41.
↑ 1 2 Rolland, 1992, pp.
112-113.
↑ 1 2 Rolland, 1992, p. 154—155.
Виб Vibrani poezii Mikelangelo (z komentarem) (English) (PDF).
Checked on 22 September 2012.
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↑ Rime, Michelangelo Buonarroti (1623) (English).
Checked on 22 September 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Ry Ryan, 1998, p .
7. Die Die Dichtungen des Michelagniolo Buonarroti Herausgegeben Und mit Kritiscem Apparate Versehen von Dr. Carl Frey (nim. ta ital.).
Checked on 22 September 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Ry Ryan, 1998, p .
9. ↑ Lang, Wilhelm.
Michel Angelo Buonarroti als Dichter.
(German).
Mäcken in Stuttgart .
(1861).
Checked on November 2, 2012.
Archived from the original source on November 4, 2012.
↑ Albert Seay.
Arcadelt and Michelangelo, Renaissance news vol. 18, 4 (1965) p. 299-301 (English) ↑ Costanzo Festa ; edited by Richard J. Agee.
Counters on a cantus firmus (English).
A R Editions, Inc (1997).
Checked on the 4th of July 2012.
↑ Early Musicicago: Jean Conseil (English).
Checked on 22 September 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ James Leonard, Rovi.
Richard Strauss.
5 Lieder, Op. 15, TrV148 (English).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Iain Gillis.
Grasping Towards the Light: A Reassessment of Wolf's Michelangelo Lieder (English) (PDF).
Musicological Explorations.
Vol 11 (2010).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Benjamin Britten.
7 Sonnets of Michelangelo, Op. 22 (song cycle) (English).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013 .
Дмитрий Dmitry Shostakovich.
Suite to the words of Michelangelo Buonarroti for bass and piano.
Translated by A. Efros (Russian).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Sir Peter Maxwell Davies.
Tondo di Michelangelo (English).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Il Il tempo passa: based on the poetry of Michelangelo / Matthew Dewey (English).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
Le Lead medal of Michelangelo, by Leone Leoni (English).
The British Museum.
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ 1 2 Rolland, 1992, pp.
87-88.
↑ Yakim buv Mikelangelo?
(English).
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Carlos Hugo Espinel.
Michelangelo's gout in a fresco by Raphael (English).
Volume 354, Issue 9196 2149-2151.
The Lancet (December 18, 1999).
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)09070-4.
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Wolfgang Kuehn.
Michelangelo's gouty knee (English).
Volume 355, Issue 9209.
The Lancet (March 25, 2000).
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)72230-3.
Checked on February 4, 2012.
Archived from the original source on June 21, 2013.
↑ Richard Norton.
The Passions of Michelangelo ↑ The diamond of S. M. Michelangelo (unavailable link from 14-05-2013 [1341 days] - history) series of ZhZL ↑ Poems of Michelangelo translated by Efros ↑ Francisco De Holanda, Dialogues with Michelangelo, Pallas Athene, 2006, ISBN 1-84368-015-7 ↑ Michelangelo biography // Encyclopædia Britannica.
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Somov A. I. Michelangelo Buonarroti // Brockhaus and Efron's Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 vols.
(82 volumes and 4 supplements).
- St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Karel Schultz, "Stone and pain" (the text of the novel in the library of Alexander Belousenko) Dazhina V. D. Michelangelo.
Drawing in his work.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1987 — - 215 S. P. D. Barenboim, Secrets of the Medici Chapel, St. Petersburg, Publishing House of SPbGUP, 2006, ISBN 5-7621-0291-2 Barenboim Peter, Sergey Shiyan, Michelangelo.
Riddles of the Medici Chapel, Slovo, M., 2006.
ISBN 5-85050-825-2 Michelangelo.
Poetry.
Letters.
Judgments of contemporaries / comp.
V. N. Grashchenkov.
- M., 1983 — - 176 p. Michelangelo.
Life.
Creation / Comp.
V. N. Grashchenkov; introductory article by V. N. Lazarev.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1964.
Rotenberg E. I. Michelangelo.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1964.
- 180 p.
Michelangelo and his time / Edited by E. I. Rotenberg, N. M. Gershenzon Chegodaeva.
- M.: Iskusstvo, 1978 — - 272 p — - 25,000 copies.
Irving Stone, "Torments and Joys", big library.info/?act=read&book=26322 Wallace, William E. Michelangelo: Skulptur, Malerei, Archtektur.
— Köln: DuMont, 1999. (Monte von DuMont)
Tolnay K. Michelangelo.
— Princeton, 1943—1960.
Gilles Néret.
Michelangelo.
- Köln: Taschen, 1999.
- 96 p — - (Basic Art).
Romain Rolland, "The Life of Michelangelo" Peter Barenboim, "Michelangelo Drawings — Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation", Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006, ISBN 5-98856-016-4 Edith Balas, "Michelangelo's Medici Chapel: a new Interpretation", Philadelphia, 1995 James Beck, Antonio Paolucci, Bruno Santi, "Michelangelo.
The Medici Chapel», London, New York, 2000 Władysław Kozicki, Michał Anioł, 1908.
Wydawnictwo Gutenberg — Print, Warszawa
In the cinema[edit / edit wiki text]
"Agony and Ecstasy" / The Agony and the Ecstasy dir.
Carol Reed, (USA, Great Britain, 1965) Performance of G. Mackevicius "Overcoming" Documentary "Michelangelo Superstar" (Michelangelo superstar)
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Michelangelo in Wikicitatnik?
Michelangelo in Wikitek?
Michelangelo on Wikimedia Commons?
Michelangelo Buonarroti.
He could do anything.
The program "Echo of Moscow" from the cycle "Everything is like this", Part 1 and Part 2 on artcyclopedia.com on wga.hu The poetry of Michelangelo translated by A.M. Efros Florentine Society Alexander Burganov "Michelangelo, Drawing, the Renaissance".
Tretyakov Gallery Magazine, #4 2013 (41)
Michelangelo
Designations: 1 Probable authorship • 2 Lost
Sculptures
Florence (1488-1492)
The Faun's Head2 • Madonna at the stairs • Young Archer1 • Battle of the Centaurs • Crucifixion • Hercules 2
Tomb of Saint Dominic (1494-1495)
Saint Petronius • Saint Proclus • Angel
Florence (1495-1496)
John the Baptist 2 • The Sleeping Cupid • Standing Cupid • Gallino's Crucifixion1 •
Rome (1496-1500)
Bacchus (1496-1497 • * Pieta (1499-1500) • The Crucifixion of Montserrat
Florence (1501-1504)
David • Madonna of Bruges • Tondo Taddei • Tondo Pitti • Saint Matthew
Siena (1503-1504)
Piccolomini Altar: Saint Gregory I • Saint Paul • Saint Peter • Pius •
Bologna (1507-1508)
Julius II 2
Tomb of Julius II (1513-1545)
Moses • Michelangelo's Slaves: (Rebellious Slave • Dying Slave • Young Slave • Bearded Slave • Atlantean Slave • Awakening Slave) * The Spirit of Victory • Rachel • Leah
Florence (1519-1534)
Christ the Savior • Apollo (David) (1530) * The Crouching Boy (1530-1534) •
The Medici Chapel
Giuliano de ' Medici • Morning • Day • Evening • Night • Lorenzo de ' Medici • The Medici Madonna
Rome (1535-1564)
Brutus • Palestrina Pieta 1 • Florentine Pieta • Pieta Rondanini (1552-1564)
Painting
The Torment of St. Anthony 1 (1487-1488) • The Manchester Madonna (1497) • The Stigmata of St. Francisc2 (1500) • The Madonna of Doni (1503-1506) • The Battle of Kashin2 (1504) • The Burial of Christ (1505) • Leda and the Swan 2 (1530)
Frescoes
Sistine Chapel
Ceiling (1508-1512; including: Separation of light from darkness • Sot the Birth of Adam • The Prophet Jonah • The Prophet Jeremiah • The Prophet Daniel • The Prophet Isaiah • The Prophet Joel • The Prophet Ezekiel • The Prophet Zechariah) * The Last Judgment (1534-1541)
Paolina Chapel (1542-1550)
The Torments of St. Peter • The Conversion of Saul
Drawings
Sketch of a kneeling girl for a tombstone (1500-1501) • Epiphany (1550-1553)
Architecture
Florence
New Sacristy (1520-1534 • * Biblioteca Laurentiana (1523-1559)
Rome
Campidoglio Square (1538 • * Palazzo Farnese (1546) • St. Peter's Basilica (1546-1564) • San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (1559-1560) • Pius Gate (1561-1565) • Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri (1561—?)
Environment
Cecchino del Bracci • Tomazzo del Cavalieri • Vittoria Colonna • Ascanio Condivi • Sebastiano del Piombo • Febo di Poggio • Luigi del Rizzio • Gerardo Perini
list of works by * Casa Buonarroti
Thematic sites
Mathematical Genealogy · Notable Names Database · Structurae · MusicBrainz · Project Gutenberg · RKDartists · Open Directory Project · Find a Grave
Dictionaries and encyclopedias of the Great Catalan · Brockhaus and Efron · Cyril and Methodius · Brief literary · Circumnavigation · Larousse · Small Brockhaus and Efron · Britannica (online)
Regulatory Control BAV: ADV10205075, ADV11517899, ADV11517900, ADV12296493 * BNC: a10309603 · BNE: XX1161659 · BNF: 11885845q · CiNii: DA08122726 · GND: 118582143 · ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\017291 · ISNI: 0000 0001 2124 3640 · LCCN: n80152368 · NDL: 00449952 · NKC: jn19992000718 · NLA: 36432281 · NLG: 97550 · NLR: RUNLRAUTH770153032, RUNLRAUTH779831 · NTA: 069228957 · NUKAT: n94208535 · PTBNP: 23554 · LIBRIS: 292503 · SUDOC: 026650800 · VIAF: 24585191 · ULAN: 500010654
The article contains short ("Harvard") links to publications that are not specified or incorrectly described in the bibliographic section.
List of broken links: Brion, 2002, Vasari, 1970, Vasari, 1970, Rolland, 1992, Erpel, 1990, Condivi, 1999, Ryan, 1998, Tolnay, 1943, Wallace, 2010 Please correct the links according to the instructions for the template {{sfn}} and supplement the bibliographic section with correct descriptions of the cited publications, following the guidelines of the VP:Footnotes and VP:Links to sources.
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michelangelo&oldid=82968032"
Categories: Born on March 6, Born in 1475 Persons alphabetically Born in Caprese Michelangelo Died on February 18, Died in 1564 Died in Rome Artists alphabetically Sculptors Alphabetically Sculptors of Italy Sculptors of the Renaissance Sculptors of the XV century Sculptors of the XVI century Artists of the XV century Artists of Italy Renaissance Artists Artists of the XVI century Architects alphabetically Architects of Italy Architects of the XV century Architects of the XVI century Poets alphabetically Poets of Italy Poets of the XV century Poets of the XVI century Artists of Italy the muralists of Italy of the XVI century Michelangelo Buried in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence
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