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Michelangelo: the life and work of the artist
Michelangelo di Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564) was a great Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, thinker.
One of the greatest masters of the Renaissance.
CONTENT
Biography of Michelangelo
The work of Michelangelo
Interesting facts from the artist's life
Michelangelo's paintings
Bibliography
BIOGRAPHY OF MICHELANGELO
One of the most famous sculptors, artists, poets, painters and architects of all time – Michelangelo Buonarotti was born on 06.03.1475 in the city of Capres, where he studied in primary schools, and after graduating, in 1488, he began to study sculpture, being a pupil of Bertoldo in the workshop of the greatest painter of history — Domenico Ghirlandaio.
Lorenzo de ' Medici's attention was attracted by the boy's talent, so he took him into his home and financially helped Michelangelo develop.
When Lorenzo died, Buonarotti went to Bologna, where he erected a marble angel with a candelabra, as well as a statue for the church of St. Petronius.
In 1494, he returned to Florence again.
A new period of his work began, in which he boldly exaggerated the forms of nature in order to express his ideas and better convey characters.
In 1503, Michelangelo was invited to Rome by Julius II to build a tombstone, which Julius wanted to make for himself during his lifetime.
The sculptor agreed and came.
Two years later, Buonarotti felt that the pope's attention to him was not enough and, offended, returned to Florence.
The artist was already in Rome in 1508, where he was again summoned by Julius II to continue the work he had begun, as well as to fulfill a new order – decorating the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican Palace with fresco painting.
Julius II died a couple of months after the completion of the painting of the Sistine ceiling.
The fall of Florence, which threatened Michelangelo with the danger of dying, produced a serious shock in his soul, and also worsened his health.
And being so unsociable and harsh, he became even more unsociable and gloomy, plunging completely and completely into his ideological world, which could not but affect the nature of his work.
In 1532, he received an invitation from the "new" pope to Rome to complete the decoration of the Sistine Chapel, depicting the "Last Judgment" on the altar wall, and the "Fall of Lucifer" on the opposite.
Only the first was performed by Buonarotti in 1534-1541 without assistants.
The last works of Michelangelo's brush were frescoes in the chapel of the Vatican Palace.
A little later, Buonarotti parted with sculpture, his favorite industry, in which he worked, being at an advanced age.
The artist was engaged in architecture, living out his last years.
He was appointed in 1546 as the chief architect of St. Peter's Cathedral, because Michelangelo was not only talented,but also experienced in construction.
Michelangelo Buonarotti died in Rome on February 18, 1564.
MICHELANGELO'S WORK
Michelangelo's work belongs to the era of the High Renaissance.
Already in the works of youth, such as the reliefs "Madonna at the Stairs", "Battle of the Centaurs" (both around 1490-1492), the main features of Michelangelo's art are emerging: monumentality, plastic power and dramatic images, reverence for the beauty of man.
Fleeing from the civil unrest that arose as a result of the reign of Savonarola, Michelangelo moved from Florence to Venice, then to Rome.
Madonna at the stairs
Battle of the Centaurs
Bacchus
During the five years of his life in Rome, he created the first of his famous works, including the sculptures " Bacchus "(1496— 1497) and" Pieta " (1498-1501) in St. Peter's Cathedral.
In 1500, at the invitation of the citizens of Florence, Michelangelo returned to this city in triumph.
Soon he had at his disposal a marble block of four meters high, which had already been abandoned by two sculptors.
For the next three years, he worked selflessly, almost without leaving his workshop.
In 1504, a monumental statue of a naked David appeared before the public.
In 1505, the power hungry Pope Julius II ordered Michelangelo to return to Rome, ordering a tomb for himself.
The sculptor worked for a whole year on a giant bronze statue that was supposed to crown the monument, so that almost immediately after the completion of the work he could witness how his creation was melted down into cannons.
After the death of Julius II in 1513, his heirs insisted on carrying out another project of tombstone sculpture.
This, including numerous alterations caused by the whims of customers, took 40 years of Michelangelo's life.
As a result, he was forced to abandon the implementation of his plan, which provided for the construction of a tombstone as part of the internal architecture of St. Peter's Cathedral.
The colossal marble Moses and the statues known as "Slaves" have forever remained impressive parts of an unfinished whole.
According to contemporaries, Michelangelo was a closed and self absorbed person, subject to sudden outbursts of violence.
In private life, he was almost an ascetic, went to bed late and got up early.
It was said that he often slept without even taking off his shoes.
In 1547, he received the post of chief architect for the reconstruction of St. Peter's Cathedral and designed a huge dome, which to this day remains one of the greatest masterpieces of architecture.
INTERESTING FACTS FROM THE LIFE OF MICHELANGELO
Michelangelo was born in the family of the poorest Florentine nobleman Lodovico Buonarotti.
Due to a lack of funds, another infant was given to another Topolino couple for maintenance.
It was they who taught the future genius to knead clay and work with a chisel before reading and writing.
Michelangelo himself said to his friend Giorgio Vasari:
"If there is something good in my talent, it is from the fact that I was born in the rarefied air of your Aretian land, and I extracted both the chisels and the hammer with which I make my statues from the statue of my nurse."
Michelangelo created the famous statue of David from a piece of white marble that was left by another sculptor.
The valuable stone passed into other hands only because the previous owner could not do the work from this piece, and then threw it.
When Michelangelo finished his first "Pieta" and it was exhibited in St. Peter's Cathedral, the author heard rumors that people's rumor attributed this work to another sculptor Cristoforo Solari.
Then Michelangelo carved on the girdle of the Virgin Mary: "This was done by the Florentine Michelangelo Buonarotti."
Later, he regretted this outburst of pride and never signed his sculptures again.
The great master often complained about losses, and he was considered a poor man.
All his life, the master saved literally on everything.
There was practically no furniture and jewelry in his house.
However, after the death of the sculptor, it turned out that Michelangelo had collected a fortune.
The researchers estimated that in the modern equivalent, his fortune was equal to tens of millions of dollars.
In the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo painted about a thousand square meters of the ceiling and the far walls of the chapel.
It took the artist four years to paint the ceiling.
During this time, the master's health deteriorated greatly – when working, a huge amount of paint got into his lungs and eyes.
Michelangelo worked without assistants, painted the ceiling for days, forgetting about sleep, and slept on the scaffolding, without taking off his boots for weeks.
But it was certainly worth the effort.
Goethe wrote:
"Without having seen the Sistine Chapel, it is difficult to form a visual idea of what one person can do."
In the winter of 1494, there was a heavy snowfall in Florence.
The ruler of the Florentine Republic, Piero de ' Medici, who went down in history as Piero the Unlucky, called Michelangelo and ordered him to sculpt a snow statue.
The work was done, and contemporaries noted its beauty, but no information has been preserved about what the snowman looked like or who he depicted.
Michelangelo depicted Moses with horns on his sculpture.
Many art historians explain this by a wrong interpretation of the Bible.
The Book of Exodus says that when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the tablets, it was difficult for the Israelites to look at his face.
At this point in the Bible, a word is used that can be translated from Hebrew both as "rays" and as"horns".
However, according to the context, we can definitely say that we are talking about the rays of light — that the face of Moses shone, and was not horned.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Somov A. I. Michelangelo Buonarroti // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 supplements).
- St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Karel Schultz, "Stone and pain" (the text of the novel in the library of Alexander Belousenko) Dazhina V. D. Michelangelo.
Drawing in his work.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1987 — - 215 S. P. D. Barenboim, Secrets of the Medici Chapel, St. Petersburg, Publishing House of SPbGUP, 2006, ISBN 5-7621-0291-2 Barenboim Peter, Sergey Shiyan, Michelangelo.
Riddles of the Medici Chapel, Slovo, M., 2006.
ISBN 5-85050-825-2 Michelangelo.
Poetry.
Letters.
Judgments of contemporaries / comp.
V. N. Grashchenkov.
- M., 1983 — - 176 p. Michelangelo.
Life.
Creation / Comp.
V. N. Grashchenkov; introductory article by V. N. Lazarev.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1964.
Rotenberg E. I. Michelangelo.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1964.
- 180 p.
Michelangelo and his time / Edited by E. I. Rotenberg, N. M. Chegodaeva.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1978 — - 272 p — - 25,000 copies.
Irving Stone, "Torments and Joys", big library.info/?act=read&book=26322 Wallace, William E. Michelangelo: Skulptur, Malerei, Archtektur.
— Köln: DuMont, 1999. (Monte von DuMont)
Tolnay K. Michelangelo.
— Princeton, 1943—1960.
Gilles Néret Michelangelo.
- Köln: Taschen, 1999.
- 96 p — - (Basic Art).
Romain Rolland, "The Life of Michelangelo" Peter Barenboim, "Michelangelo Drawings — Key to the Medici Chapel Interpretation", Moscow, Letny Sad, 2006, ISBN 5-98856-016-4 Edith Balas, "Michelangelo's Medici Chapel: a new Interpretation", Philadelphia, 1995 James Beck, Antonio Paolucci, Bruno Santi, "Michelangelo.
The Medici Chapel», London, New York, 2000 Władysław Kozicki, Michał Anioł, 1908.
Wydawnictwo Gutenberg — Print, Warszawa
When writing this article, materials from such sites were used: ru.wikipedia.org, http://vm.ru, http://muzey factov.ru, http://citaty.su, http://muzei mira.com.
If you have found any inaccuracies, or would like to add to this article, please send us the information by e mail admin@allpainters.ru we, and our readers, will be very grateful to you.
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