08.01.2017
The concept of Sigmund Freud (main provisions) – Yulia Andreeva
Yulia Andreeva The concept of Sigmund Freud (main provisions) March 16, 2012, Author: usy / Section: News | / No comments Culture and the unconscious beginning of a person.
The concept of Sigmund Freud.
As you know, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) has the honor of creating a new direction in psychology and medicine – psychoanalysis.
The significance of the Freudian concept of man goes far beyond medicine: the philosophical generalization of psychoanalysis Freudism has become a teaching that invades the sphere of philosophy and cultural studies.
If we try to formulate in a nutshell the essence of Freud's discovery, we can say that Freud discovered the unconscious in man.
Of course, the presence of unconscious content in the human psyche was known before, but this content was reduced to what was formed in consciousness, and then pushed out of it.
Freud, on the other hand, discovered the unconscious as an independent, impersonal beginning of the human soul, independent of consciousness: "...Everything repressed is unconscious, but not all the unconscious is repressed" (Freud 3.
"I and It").
At the same time, the unconscious actively interferes with human life.
Freud considers it an illusion that our life is guided by our "I".
In fact, the natural impersonal principle dominates, which forms the unconscious basis of our psyche.
Freud calls this unconscious principle " It "and believes that our" I " is just a toy in the hands of this ancient and dark psychic force.
Freud's " It " has a purely natural origin, all the primary human instincts are concentrated in it.
These primary drives are reduced to two: first, sexual desires, and secondly, the desire for death, which, when turned outside, becomes the desire for destruction.
The dark, bubbling abyss of " It " lurks under a thin film of consciousness that does not even suspect what is bubbling under its smoothed images and refined logic.
Our "I", striving to survive in the world of nature and society, all the time to Remember me, is faced with the reckless power of"It".
If the " I "is guided by the principle of reality (i.e., it strives to adapt to the objective conditions of life), then the" It " proceeds entirely from the pleasure principle.
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Hence the inevitable struggle between "I" and "It"follows: "In relation to It, I am like a rider who must curb the superior strength of a horse."
(Freud 3.
"I and It").
However, the" I "cannot arbitrarily control the Author of his powerful "partner": "...
The comparison can be continued.
Just as a rider, if he does not want to part with a horse, often has only to lead it to where it wants, so the Ego usually turns the will of the It into file:///C:/Users/Kaichou/Desktop/zig/sources/5.html
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08.01.2017
The concept of Sigmund Freud (main provisions) – Yulia Andreeva
the action, as if it were his own will" (Freud 3.
"I and It").
In other words, Freud discovers the "trick of the unconscious", which is able to carry out its drives, disguising them as conscious decisions of the "I".
In other words, Freud discovers the "trick of the unconscious", which is able to carry out its drives, disguising them as conscious decisions of the "I".
However, a person is able to survive only to the extent that reason and culture can subordinate the " It " to their most important goals.
Of course, culture cannot defeat the "It" in a head on collision, because all the psychic energy of a person is concentrated in it.
Therefore, Freud points out the way in which culture implements its goals that do not coincide with the primitive drives of the "It".
This is the way Freud called the Example page sublimation.
Sublimation is the use of sexual and biological energy concentrated in the "It" not for a direct biological purpose (for pleasure or procreation), but for the purposes of reason and culture.
If there is a sublimation, then the primitive instincts of the " It " take the form of an attraction to knowledge, art, a high ideal.
Thus, Freud's "sublimation" could be called a "trick of culture".
At the same time, culture, according to Freud, expresses a system of social norms and always stands above the individual.
However, in order to master the energy of the "It" at least a little, culture itself has to penetrate into its sphere — the sphere of the unconscious.
Attention Culture can guide a person only insofar as the Concept itself has become part of his unconscious, has taken shape as a special Sigmund Freud unconscious attitude — this is how an important conclusion can be formulated (Freud's principles.
Freud calls this attitude "The Superego".
The "Superego" fulfills the role of an internal censor, who dominates the spiritual life of the Main person and thanks to which a person is able to live as a cultural human being, and not as a puppet of his own dark passions.
Thus, the human Self, according to Freud, is closed between two opposite poles of image creation — the natural element and the requirements of the cultural manager.
Both of these poles are represented in the corresponding Character of the unconscious structures of the human " I " and collide in it, trying to subdue this Self and each other.
And the higher the culture is developed, its side effects, so to speak, are not more comforting there.
If Partners culture requires more than he can, "then the individual этоMasik.tv developmental causes a riot or neurosis, or make him unhappy" (Freud 3. video for kids "and its discontents").
Culture makes life safer,cartoons for inhibiting human instincts, human aggression, but the cost kids is the mental health of a man who is torn between mental natural elements and cultural norms Links between sexuality and sociality, aggression, and morality.
Freud's teaching had a huge impact on the development of science and culture of the XX century — without his ideas, it is difficult to imagine modern psychology, Modern psychiatry, philosophy, art.
However, as is often the case with Sigmund Freud and the discoverers, Freud in his concept excessively strengthened some of Immidge's psychology very important, but still not the only defining aspects of the case.
Firstly, he clearly biologized the unconscious, which turned out to be reduced to a purely natural phenomenon, to purely biological drives.
Secondly, Freud focused on one side of human existence — the unconscious, but lost sight of the other side - the personality and freedom of man.
Freud's " I "is deprived of true freedom, this" I "is not a free person, but a puppet, for the right to manipulate which the equally impersonal" It "and" Super I", nature and culture, which in Freud is reduced to socially developed requirements, are fighting.
And when depicting this struggle, Freud did not find a place for a self valuable person who has spiritual autonomy from nature and society.
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08.01.2017
The concept of Sigmund Freud (main provisions) – Yulia Andreeva
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