Aphrodite
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Aphrodite
Statue of Aphrodite
The goddess of fertility, love and beauty Mythology: Ancient Greek
In other cultures: Venus, Astarte
Gender: female Father: Zeus or Uranus (the most popular versions)
Mother: unknown, possibly Dione
Brothers and sisters: Manes Husband: Hephaestus Children: Aeneas Harmony, Eros
Attributes: Apple, rose, daffodil, violet, lily, poppy, myrtle, anemones Illustrations on Wikimedia Commons?
Aphrodite (Greek :φΦροδτΤη, in ancient times interpreted as a derivative ofφφρός - "foam"[1]) — in Greek mythology, [2] the goddess of beauty and love, who was included among the twelve great Olympian gods.
She is also the goddess of fertility[3], eternal spring and life.
She is the goddess of marriages and even childbirth[4], as well as a"child feeder".
The gods and people obeyed the love power of Aphrodite.
Only Athena, Artemis and Hestia were beyond her control[5].
She was merciless to those who reject love.
The wife of Hephaestus and later Ares[6].
Content
1 Attributes 2 Myths 2.1 The Birth of Aphrodite 2.2 Myths related to Aphrodite 2.3 Victims of Aphrodite 2.4 Lovers and Children of Aphrodite 2.5 Many Aphrodites 2.6 Aphrodite's Entourage
3 The Cult of Aphrodite 3.1 The bisexuality of Aphrodite's analogues.
Androgynous 3.2 Epicles of Aphrodite
4 Aphrodite in Philosophy 5 In Literature 6 Aphrodite in ancient Sculpture 6.1 Preserved statues 6.2 Statues known from references in literature
7 See also 8 Notes 9 References
Attributes[edit / edit wiki text]
Aphrodite, as the goddess of love, was dedicated to myrtles[7], roses[8], poppy and apple, as well as anemones, violets, daffodils and lilies; as the goddess of fertility — sparrows[9] and doves, who made up her retinue; as the sea goddess — a dolphin.
The attributes of Aphrodite are a belt (see the Belt of Aphrodite) and a golden cup filled with wine, after drinking from which a person receives eternal youth.
Aphrodite's companions are Eros, harites, oras, and nymphs.
She resembles Ishtar, whose companions were Beauty and Passion[10].
She (like Cybele) could often also be accompanied by wild animals lions, wolves, bears[11], pacified by the love desire of the goddess in them.
Myths[edit / edit wiki text]
The Birth of Aphrodite[edit / edit wiki text]
The legendary birthplace of Aphrodite (Petra tou Romiou) in Paphos (Cyprus).
According to Hesiod's Theogony, Aphrodite was born near the island of Cythera from the seed and blood of Uranus castrated by Kronos, which fell into the sea and formed a snow white foam[12] (hence the nickname "foam born"; for more details, see Aphrodite Anadyomene).
The wind brought her to the island of Cyprus (or she sailed there herself, because she did not like Kifera), where she was met by the Ors, who came out of the sea waves.
Saracen stone (foreground) and Aphrodite Stone (background).
View of the birthplace of Aphrodite from the hill Aphrodite Bay in Paphos (Cyprus (distant boulders)).
The classic Aphrodite emerged naked from an aerial seashell near Cyprus hence her nickname "Kyprida" - and reached the shore on the shell.
The Oras in golden diadems crowned her with a golden crown, decorated her with a golden necklace and earrings, and the gods marveled at her charms and were eager to take her as a wife.
According to another version (Hom. Il.; etc.), Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus and Dione[13].
According to Epimenides, she was the daughter of Kronos[14].
She was nursed by Nereus[15].
Myths related to Aphrodite[edit / edit wiki text]
Aphrodite, Eros and Pan
The wife of the thunderer Hera arranged for Aphrodite to marry Hephaestus — the most skilled master among the gods and the ugliest of them.
The lame Hephaestus worked in his forge, and Aphrodite, basking in her bedchamber, combed her curls with a golden comb and received guests Hera and Athena.
The love of Aphrodite was coveted by Poseidon, Ares, Hermes and other gods.
The death of her beloved Adonis, a passionate hunter, brought great grief to Aphrodite.
He is killed by the fangs of a boar sent by a jealous Ares.
According to Ptolemy Hephaestion, Aphrodite was the first to throw herself off the Leucadian rock in order to be cured of her love for Adonis[16].
Aphrodite enjoyed inspiring love feelings to gods and people and fell in love herself, cheating on her lame spouse.
An indispensable attribute of the goddess's attire was her famous belt, in which love, desire, and words of seduction were enclosed; it made anyone fall in love with his mistress.
Hera sometimes borrowed this belt from Aphrodite when she wanted to ignite the passion in Zeus and thereby weaken the will of her powerful spouse (Canto XIV of the Iliad).
The story of the eighth song of the Odyssey describes the reaction of Aphrodite's legitimate husband, who learned from Hermes about her relationship with Ares.
An angry Hephaestus forged a thin, like a spider's web, but surprisingly strong golden net, which he imperceptibly attached to the foot of the bed, lowering it from the ceiling, and then announced to his wife that he was going to rest a little on his beloved island of Lemnos.
As soon as her husband was out of sight, Aphrodite sent for Ares, who did not take long to wait.
The next morning, the lovers found themselves entangled in a net — naked and helpless.
Hephaestus appeared and the other gods invited by him to look and laugh (the goddesses stayed at home out of delicacy).
Ares got his freedom only thanks to Poseidon, who promised Hephaestus to arrange for Ares to pay a ransom — in the end, Ares refused to pay and Hephaestus was left without a ransom.
Aphrodite returned to Cyprus, where she regained her virginity by swimming in the sea.
According to Seneca, in his tragedy "Phaedra" (lines 124-128), not Hermes, but Helios (the son of the titans Hyperion and Theia) tells Hephaestus about his wife's infidelity with Ares.
For this, Aphrodite curses the entire family of Helios, giving all his descendants a passion for lustful desires.
Although Zeus never shared a bed with Aphrodite, even he was tempted by her magic belt.
Therefore, one day he decided to humiliate her by arousing in her a reckless love for a mortal.
They became a beautiful Anchises from the royal family of the Dardans.
For the fact that he boasted about it, she (or Zeus) sends a member disorder on him.
Their son is Aeneas, the ancestor of Julius Caesar.
Aphrodite's lover was also the Argonaut Booth, who was saved by her from the sirens; some claim that the goddess spent several nights with Booth solely to arouse jealousy in Adonis.
Aphrodite turned the women of Kos into cows when the detachment of Hercules sailed[17].
During a dispute caused by Eris about which goddess — Hera, Athena or Aphrodite — is the most beautiful, Paris decided in favor of Aphrodite and gave her the golden apple.
For this, she promised Paris Elena's love, helped him kidnap her and watched over the strength of their union, although Elena scolded her.
In the Trojan War that broke out for this reason, Aphrodite defended the Trojans.
According to the Iliad, she saved Paris from death during his duel with Menelaus, as well as her son, the Trojan hero Aeneas, who was attacked by Diomedes; the latter attacked the goddess, wounded her and forced her to leave the battlefield.
The goddesses of fate gave Aphrodite only one divine duty — to create love, but one day Athena caught her secretly sitting at a spinning wheel.
Considering this interference in her own affairs, Athena threatened to abandon her duties altogether.
Aphrodite apologized and has never touched any work since.
There is also a story about how she competed in weaving with Athena[18].
Frightened by the large penis of her newborn son Priapus, she left him alone in the forest[source not specified 525 days].
Victims of Aphrodite[edit / edit wiki text]
Helping those who love, Aphrodite persecuted those who neglected her cult and rejected love.
She was the cause of the death of Hippolytus and Narcissus, inspired an unnatural love for Pasiphae and Myrrh, and gave a disgusting smell to the women from Lemnos (see Hypsipyle).
Aphrodite severely punished Atalanta, who wanted to remain a virgin, and Glaucus, by the will of Aphrodite, was torn by his horses for forbidding them to cover their mares.
The motive of Aphrodite's revenge also developed in love poetry, especially in the Hellenistic period.
Every Babylonian woman should sit down in the sanctuary of Aphrodite once in her life and give herself [for money] to a stranger.
Many women, proud of their wealth, consider it unworthy to mix with other women.
They arrive in closed carts, accompanied by many servants, and stop near the sanctuary.
Most women do this: in the sacred area of Aphrodite, there are many women with bandages made of rope bundles on their heads.
Some of them come, others go.
Straight aisles divide the crowd of waiting women in all directions.
Strangers walk through these passages and choose their women.
A woman sitting here cannot return home until some stranger throws money into her skirt and connects with her outside the sacred precinct.
Throwing money to a woman, he should only say: "I call you to the service of the goddess Militta!".
The Assyrians call Aphrodite Militta.
The fee can be arbitrarily small.
It is not allowed for a woman to refuse to take money, since this money is sacred.
The girl should go without refusal for the first person who threw her money.
After coitus, having fulfilled the sacred duty to the goddess, she goes home and then you will not take her for any money a second time.
The beautiful and stately girls soon go home, and the ugly ones have to wait a long time until they can fulfill the custom.
And indeed, some must remain in the sanctuary even for three or four years.
A similar custom also exists in some places in Cyprus.[19]
- History, I, 199
Lovers and children of Aphrodite[edit / edit wiki text]
"Venus and Adonis", Titian, Prado
The gods Hephaestus (husband) Ares.
Children from Ares: Anteros (Anterot) Erot (love) Himeroth Harmony Deimos, (horror) Phobos, (fear) Amazon
Dionysus.
Children from Dionysus (version): Three Charites Aglaia, Euphrosyne, Thalia Hymenaeus Priapus Hermes Chthonius
Hermes.
Children from Hermes Eros (according to some sources) Eunomia Atlantius Hermaphrodite Peifo Priapus (according to some sources) of the Genus. (version)
is quiet.
Eros, according to various versions, was born by her from Hermes, Ares, Zeus or Uranus.
Mortals Adonis Beroya, Histaps and Zariadr Priapus (according to some sources)
Anchis Aeneas Lear
Phaon
Also her children:
Ananke.
Daughter of Aphrodite Urania.
Eric.
From Booth or Poseidon.
Many Aphrodites[edit / edit wiki text]
According to Cotta's speech, Aphrodite had several[20]:
Born by Gemera from Uranus, her temple is in Elida.
She was born from the sea foam, gave birth to Eros II from Hermes.
The daughter of Cyprus and Syria, called Astarte, the wife of Adonis.
Her sanctuary is in the Bible[21].
Herodotus reports about the veneration of Aphrodite (that is, goddesses identified with her) by many peoples[22].
Aphrodite corresponds to the Roman Venus.
The Syrian goddess is identified with Aphrodite.
A huge egg fell from the sky into the Euphrates, the fish rolled it to the shore, and the doves hatched it until Aphrodite came out of it.
At her request, Zeus transferred pisces to the number of constellations[23].
According to a story of Middle Eastern origin, Aphrodite and Eros are attacked by Typhon and escape by turning into pisces (the myth is associated with the constellation Pisces).
Aphrodite's entourage[edit / edit wiki text]
Harmony.
Aphrodite's maid[24].
Paregoron.
("Persuasion").
The deity, the companion of Aphrodite.
A statue by Praxiteles [25].
Perister.
"the dove".
A certain nymph who helped Aphrodite collect many flowers and win the Eros competition.
Then Eros turned her into a dove[26].
Potos ("Desire").
The deity, the companion of Aphrodite.
A statue by Scopas [25].
See Lucian.
Conversations of the gods 20, 16; Nonn.
Acts of Dionysus XXXIII 111.
The Cult of Aphrodite[edit / edit wiki text]
The centers of the cult of Aphrodite were Cyprus, where her temple was located in the city of Paphos, and the island of Kifera.
The ancient Greek statues of Aphrodite are famous — " Aphrodite of Cnidus "(c.350 BC, Praxiteles, known in a Roman copy) and" Aphrodite of Milo " (II century BC, the original in the Louvre, Paris).
The bisexuality of Aphrodite's analogues.
Androgynous[edit / edit wiki text]
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There is a bisexual image (VII century BC, a faience statuette of a naked god) of the ancient Egyptian god demiurge Thoth (the chest and abdomen of a young woman, as well as a penis).
In ancient times, it was well known that the Mediterranean Aphrodite (Astarte) "was depicted not only in female form, but also in male form."
For example, in Cyprus, where many Canaanites and Greeks lived, there was a statue of a goddess with a beard, but with a female body and in female clothing, with a scepter, " depicting the goddess as a male being, since it was believed that she "is both a man and a woman" (50. c62)."
Schifman notes that similar instructions can be found in the scholia to the Aeneid of Virgil, as well as in the dictionary of Helichy.
Levi (Macrobius) also testifies that the blessing Venus appears either in male or female form: "The worshipper of Venus, the grace giving deity, prays (without emphasizing) whether it is a woman or a man" (that is, to a single bisexual deity).
The male deity "Aphrodite" is also mentioned by Aristophanes (according to Macrobius).
On the Greek island of Kos, according to Plutarch, the priest of Hercules (Melkarta) offered a sacrifice to his god, dressed in a woman's robe and with a bandage on his head.
In Syria, the priests and worshippers of a certain bisexual god appeared at divine services in reddish, transparent women's shirts and other women's clothing; while the women dressed in men's clothing and armed themselves with swords and spears.
Epicles of Aphrodite[edit / edit wiki text]
National Archaeological Museum of Athens
According to the places of worship of Aphrodite, she had epicles (epithets):
Cyprus — from the island of Cyprus[27], where Aphrodite first came ashore.
The epithet of Aphrodite[28].
Kyprogenia is the same.
The epithet of Aphrodite[29].
Pafia, the Pathian, the Paphos goddess[30] - from the city of Paphos in Cyprus, where there was a temple of general Greek significance.
Cytherea (Cytherea)[31] - born near the island of Kifera[32], another center of worship; since she first stuck to the Kifera before being born near Cyprus[33]; Idalia — Idalian) - from the city of Idalion and along Mount Idalia in Cyprus[34], where Aphrodite was revered as the main deity; Amafusia (Amatusia)[35] - from the city of Amafunt in Cyprus, the center of worship of the goddess; Akidalia —[36] from a Boeotian source.
[37].
Also the name of a certain heroine[38].
Erikina.
(lat.
The epithet of Aphrodite[39].
Her sanctuary was not only in Sicily, but also in Psofida (Arcadia)[40].
The connection with the sea birth is reflected in the epicles:
Afrogeneia ("foam born")[41].
Anadyomena (emerging) - appeared on the surface of the sea; Euplea (Euploia) (the epithet of Aphrodite as the patroness of navigation[42].); Pontia (sea).
In epicles
Melanida (black, gloomy), Scotia (dark, gloomy), Androphonos (the destroyer of people) and, in contrast, perhaps Sosandra (saving people), Epithymbia (funerary), Muheia — the goddess of secret places
probably, the echoes of the ancient functions of the goddess associated with death have been preserved.
The functions of the giver of love and the instigator of passion were reflected in the epicles:
Dola (deceiver), Morfa (giving beauty), Anthea (blooming), Peyto (convincing, seducing), Heteria the patroness of hetaerae, Darcetos the patroness of idle laziness, Divarisatrix and Peribasia (performing a deviant sexual act), Kallipiga (beautiful assed), Castnia (Castnietis) - the patroness of shamelessness.
Only this goddess accepts pigs as a sacrifice[43].
As well as two forms of the goddess associated with Greek philosophical categories (see above):
Aphrodite Pandemos.
The worship of her was introduced by Theseus[44].
A statue by Scopas in Elida[45].
Aphrodite Urania.
It was first worshipped by the Assyrians, and Aegeus introduced it among the Athenians[46].
According to some, the eldest of the Moirs[47].
The LV orphic hymn is dedicated to Aphrodite Urania as the mother of Ananka.
Presumably the translation of Meleket Aschamain "queen of heaven", the nickname of Astarte in Ezekiel[48].
Her temple in Cythera was erected by the Phoenicians[49].
Plato, in his dialogue "Feast", mentions both of these names, and says that Aphrodite Pandemos is the goddess of vulgar love, earthly, and Aphrodite Urania is the goddess of heavenly love, disembodied and supreme.
Other epithets:
Acreia.
The epithet of Aphrodite on Cnidus[50].
Alenthia.
The epithet of Aphrodite in the Colophon[51].
Apaturos.
The epithet of Aphrodite.
Her temple is in Phanagoria.
There is a myth that Aphrodite was attacked by giants here, she called Hercules for help and hid him in a cave, and then led them to Hercules one by one[52].
Arenta.
The epithet of Aphrodite[53].
Areya.
"The warrior".
The Temple of Aphrodite Ares in Sparta[54].
The sanctuary in Plataea, built after the victory at the Marathon[55].
Berbeya.
The epithet of Aphrodite[56].
Dione[57], as the daughter of Dione and Zeus (see # The Birth of Aphrodite)[58].
Kindiada.
The epithet of Aphrodite.
Her sanctuary is near Bargili (Kariya)[59].
Coliada.
The epithet of Aphrodite[60].
Colotida.
The epithet of Aphrodite in Cyprus[61].
Morpho.
The nickname of Aphrodite[62].
Her temple is in Sparta, where she sits under a veil and with shackles on her legs, which Tyndareus imposed [63].
Philomedea.
("Loving shameful ud").
The epithet of Aphrodite[64].
She is also called Aphrodite of Arms[65].
Aphrodite in philosophy[edit / edit wiki text]
In the poem of Parmenides, Aphrodite appears as the mother of Eros[66].
Empedocles repeatedly calls his cosmic power Aphrodite [67].
Aphrodite creates the eidos of things.
Pausanias, in his speech in Plato's dialogue "The Feast", expounds the theory of two Aphrodites: "popular", or "vulgar", and "heavenly".
The question of the extent to which Pausanias ' speech reflects the views of Plato himself is debatable.
However, the mention of the heavenly and national Aphrodite is also contained in Socrates 'speech in Xenophon's "Feast" [68], which shows the presence of this concept in Socrates himself.
It is obvious that the Platonic ideal of love, defined as "the thirst for integrity and the desire for it" ("Feast", 193a), is built on a homoerotic basis.
Plato believes that the object of sensual love, which goes back to "Aphrodite of the people" (Pandemos), can equally be both young men and women.
The erot of "Aphrodite of Heaven" (Urania) goes back to the goddess, who is involved only in the male principle, therefore "those who are obsessed with such love turn to the male sex, giving preference to what is stronger by nature and endowed with a great mind"[69].
According to Eugemer, Aphrodite is the woman who invented prostitution[70].
The Stoic Zeno interpreted Aphrodite as "a force that properly connects the individual parts of something with each other"[71].
In the philosophy of Plotinus, Aphrodite is the world soul that receives beauty from the mind of Kronos (Plotinus V 8, 13).
Plotinus repeatedly speaks of two Aphrodites[72].
The first Aphrodite exists on the intelligible level (as the "life of the mind"), the second — on the cosmic level.
The first is a philosophical interpretation of the daughter of Cronus, the second is the daughter of Zeus[73].
Plotinus also introduces a third Aphrodite, more precisely, many Aphrodites, that is, individual souls, and each such soul gives birth to individual Eros (Plotinus III 5, 4).
In the system of Proclus, among the twelve free gods, Aphrodite enters the uplifting triad together with Hermes and Apollo, she is "the first active cause of the erotic breath that permeates everything; she brings those souls that lead upwards closer to the beautiful"[74].
Six is the number of Aphrodite[75].
Iamblichus, however, calls Aphrodite "the five" [76].
According to Proclus ' commentary on the State (141-142) and Timaeus (I 79, II 54), both Hephaestus and Ares need Aphrodite, thanks to the marriage of Ares and Aphrodite, opposites are harmonized in the cosmos, Aphrodite is the principle of a single and indivisible harmony[77].
In the interpretation of Marsilio Ficino (commentary on Plato's "Feast"), the heavenly Venus is "the thinking of the angelic mind", the vulgar Venus is the generative force of the world soul[78].
In the literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Homer's hymns IV, VI and X are dedicated to her.
The protagonist of the tragedy of Euripides "Hippolytus".
In poetry, Aphrodite can embody love for women in opposition to Eros as a symbol of love for young men, but can also be associated with same sex love (see also Homosexuality in ancient Greece).
According to the story of Apuleius in "Metamorphoses", Aphrodite is jealous of the beauty of the earthly woman Psyche and sends her son Eros to make her fall in love with the ugliest man in the world.
Eros falls in love with Psyche himself.
Aphrodite is chasing her daughter in law.
Everything ends well.
See Boedeker D. D. Aphrodite's Entry into Greek Epic.
Leiden, 1974.
Aphrodite in ancient sculpture[edit / edit wiki text]
Preserved statues[edit / edit wiki text]
Aphrodite in an ancient Greek sculpture on Wikimedia Commons?
Most of the ancient Greek statues have come down to us in the form of Roman marble copies from the Greek bronze originals.
Venus of Milo — was found in 1820 on Milos, one of the Cycladic islands of the Aegean Sea, from which it got its name.
Her hands were lost after the discovery, at the time of the conflict between the French, who wanted to take her to their country, and the Turks, who had the same intention.
The Venus de Milo is the most famous of all statues in the world, as well as the most famous of all paintings — the Mona Lisa, is kept in the Louvre, and in the same way it owes its fame not only to its artistic merits, but to the opinion, one might say, propaganda, of the French authorities of the 19th century.
Venus de ' Medici (Medicean) - was excavated in 1677 on the Octavian portico in Rome in the form of 11 fragments.
A Roman copy from the original of Cleomenes of the 1st century BC .
From Rome, it was transported to Florence, the city of the Medici Dukes, whose collection it became an ornament, borrowing their family name at the same time.
Before the acquisition of the Venus de Milo, it was considered a reference work, causing universal delight.
From it, Sandro Botticelli took the pose of his nascent Aphrodite.
In Diderot's Encyclopedia, we find an analysis of the proportions of this female figure as an exemplary one.
During the Italian wars, among other trophies, it was taken by Napoleon to Paris, on which occasion a medal was even minted.
But in 1815, The Venus de ' Medici had to be returned to Italy, and all the enthusiasm of French scientists switched to the Venus de Milo, which no one had to return.
To describe the type, the epithet "Venus pudica" is also used — Venus is Shy, because the goddess is trying to hide herself in shyness — the masters of Rebirth will portray Eve in this way.
Aphrodite of Cnidus was a statue of the goddess, the most famous in ancient times.
We find numerous raptures about it in the literature of antiquity.
It was created by Praxiteles, the best of sculptors, who for the first time dared to depict the goddess completely naked (350-330 BC).
According to legend, his beloved hetaera Phryne served as the master's nature, which caused a big scandal.
To date, the sculpture has not been preserved, having reached us only in repetitions and copies (about fifty).
During the Byzantine Empire, she was taken to Constantinople, where she died.
Venus Capitoline is a type of Venus Pudica, it got its name from the place of its location — the Capitoline Museums (Palazzo Nuovo).
The statue was found in Rome, on the Viminal Hill.
A gift from Pope Benedict XIV (1754).
Venus Kallipiga means "having a beautiful booty".
The statue of the goddess, bearing the imprint of the Hellenistic era (the original is about 225 BC), lifts her clothes, showing her buttocks.
The spiral shaped construction of the composition allows the figure to look equally advantageous from any point.
It has been kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples since 1802, a gift from Pope Benedict XVII.
In the Victorian period, it was considered extremely indecent (an English artist needed special permission to be allowed to sketch it in an album); it is thematically close to the Rococo period.
Venus of Arles — another of the statues that can be seen in the Louvre, was found in 1651 on the ruins of the ancient theater of Arles (France) in the form of three separate fragments.
The head was separated from the body, and the arms were lost.
It was brought to its present form by Francois Girardon and, looking at the engraving of the 17th century, we see that if he had not done this, France could have had as many as two "Venus de Milo".
Apparently, "Venus of Arles" dates back to the second famous Aphrodite by Praxiteles Aphrodite of Kos.
The story goes that the greatest Aphrodite of Cnidus was created by order of the inhabitants of Kos, but the customers, who were afraid of the sculptor's too free decision, asked to make them a more chaste version.
Aphrodite of Kos went to Kos, and Aphrodite of Cnidus went to Cnidus, glory, as well as a huge stream of Hellenes who loved beauty, which made the Kos people very sorry for their mistake.
Aphrodite in the gardens (Aphrodite I en Kipois) — has reached us only in not always clear remarks.
The work of the disciple of Phidias Alcamenes represented a calmly standing goddess, slightly bowing her head and with a graceful movement of her hand pushing back the veil from her face; in her other hand she held an apple, a gift from Paris.
A thin long robe clung to her body.
The time of creation of the statue is the 2nd floor of the 5th century BC, the antiquity is also felt in the fact that the goddess is not completely exposed, even if the robes fit her quite frankly.
Venus the ancestor — (Venus Genetrix) the goddess appears here as the progenitor of the ruling family of the Julii.
It was to her that Caesar built a temple in the forum of his name.
Sometimes it is also called "Aphrodite Frejus"after the place of discovery.
It belongs to the type of "Aphrodite in the gardens", chosen, apparently, due to the noticeable modesty and chastity that distinguished the statue of the 5th century from the images of the goddess in another function.
We see a well preserved version of it in the Louvre.
Venus of Cyrene found on the territory of the North.
Africa, represents a goddess coming out of the water and squeezing her hair, as she was depicted in the famous picture of Apelles Aphrodite Anadyomena (Coming out of the water).
Many losses still allow you to see its charm.
Ca.
310 BC was stored in Rome, but there were mentions that Italian President Berlusconi gave this beautiful thing to the place of discovery — to Libya, as Kadafi demanded it.
Venus of Capua shows us a variant of how the Venus of Milo could look before her adventures.
In this version, the goddess leans on a helmet with one foot, which, apparently, should express the idea of her victorious power — the idea that nothing can stand against her power (Aphrodite Nikiforos, that is, the Winner).
In her hand, presumably, she was holding a polish an oval shield, in which she looked like in a mirror — a typical use of a deadly weapon for a woman.
It is stored in Naples.
It is believed that this statue may be a copy of the work of Lysippus.
330-320 BC .
Venus Mazarin the goddess is accompanied by a dolphin, one of her attributes, a creature that helped her get out of the depths of the sea.
Dating back to about 100-200 AD, this Roman copy was found on the territory of Rome around 1509 (disputed).
It is also controversial that this sculpture once belonged to the famous Cardinal Mazarin, which did not prevent it from getting a similar nickname.
It stands out, perhaps, because it is one of the few that have a name and are located on the territory of the United States.
Getty Museum.
Venus of Syracuse a statue representing the goddess emerging from the water (Anadyomena), is kept in the Syracuse Archaeological Museum.
Venus is accompanied by a dolphin, and the folds of clothes are like a shell.
Sometimes the statue is also called Venus Landolina after the archaeologist Saverio Landolina, who discovered it in the ruins of the Sicilian nymphaeum.
2 c. AD .
Bathing Aphrodite she is also the "Venus of Doidalsas" - after the sculptor Doidalsas from Bithynia, a compatriot of the beautiful Antinous, who created it.
It has come in many copies of various preservation, the best of which are presented in the Vatican, Naples, the Uffizi.
The original was created in the 2nd half of the 3rd century BC, a clear imprint of the Hellenistic uplift is felt.
Sometimes it is supplemented with various figures — a small Erot, a dolphin.
Venus Esquilina (Venus Esquilina — - was excavated in Rome in 1874, and since then has been in the Capitoline Museums (1st century BC).
There is also a variant in the Louvre.
They did not restore her hands.
The English artist Edward Poynter tried to reconstruct them at least visually in his painting "Diadumene", suggesting that the statue depicted a woman picking up her hair before bathing.
The assumption is based on the fact that the rest of the hand is visible on the back of the goddess's head — the little finger.
We should also mention the version that this statue is an image of Cleopatra since the vase, which is draped with draperies, depicts a cobra an attribute of the Egyptian queen.
Aphrodite Sinuessa found in 1911 in the town of Mondragone (the ancient city of Sinuessa) while cultivating a vineyard, this statue, which dates back to the 4th century BC, is currently located in Naples, the National Museum.
Venus Felix the epithet Felix was acquired by the goddess Venus in Rome, as the patroness of Sulla, who believed that this goddess brought him good luck, and adopted the nickname "Epaphrodite".
Pio Clementino Museum, Vatican City.
Aphrodite, Pan and Eros sculpture from the island of Delos.
Ca.
100 BC .
National Archaeological Museum of Athens.
Aphrodite of Rhodes Venus of Tauris a statue found in the vicinity of Rome in 1718 and purchased by Peter I, is on display in the Hermitage and is a revised type of Aphrodite of Cnidus.
According to written sources, the pope, who forbade the export of antiquities from Italy, eventually exchanged it for the relics of St. Nicholas.
The Brigitts returned by Peter.
The name" Tauride " statue acquired from the name of the Tauride Garden, in which it was exhibited on arrival.
Khvoshchinsky's Venus is the second of the Venuses located in Russia stored on the Volkhonka, in the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts and also dates back to Praxiteles ' Aphrodite of Cnidus.
It got its nickname from the name of the collector who acquired it.
Statues known by references in the literature[edit / edit wiki text]
The statue of Aphrodite, sculpted by Phidias for the Aelians, trampled on a turtle with its feet, which Plutarch interpreted as a sign that women should be homely and silent[79].
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