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Home Society The Greek goddess Athena: myths.
Athena the goddess of Wisdom
The Greek goddess Athena: myths.
Athena the goddess of Wisdom
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Author: Victoria Ivashura Date:
16.03.2015
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The ancient Greek goddess Athena is known for protecting cities, patronizing sciences.
This is a warrior who could not be defeated, the goddess of knowledge and wisdom.
The Greek goddess Athena was absolutely deservedly revered by the ancient Greeks.
She was the beloved daughter of Zeus, and the capital of Greece is named after her.
She always helped the heroes not only with wise advice, but also with deeds.
She taught the girls of Greece spinning, weaving, cooking.
The Greek goddess Athena was not only born in a strange way, many fascinating stories and myths are also associated with her name.
Let's learn more about it.
According to myths, the goddess of Greece Athena was born spectacularly and quite unusually from the head of Zeus.
He knew in advance that Metis, the goddess of reason, would have two children – a daughter (Athena) and a son endowed with incredible strength and intelligence.
And the Moira, the goddess of fate, warned Zeus that this boy would one day take away his existing power over the whole world.
To avoid such a turn of events, Zeus lulled the Half breed with affectionate speeches and swallowed her before the birth of her son and daughter.
However, soon he began to suffer unbearable headaches.
To save himself from suffering, Zeus called Hephaestus to him and ordered him to cut his head with an axe.
With one strong blow, he split the skull.
To the amazement of all the Olympian gods present, the beautiful goddess Athena appeared from there, and she came out in full armor, and her blue eyes burned with wisdom.
It is with this myth that the birth of a brave and wise warrior is connected.
The appearance and symbols of the goddess are huge blue (according to some sources, gray) eyes, luxurious brown hair, majestic posture – this description already says that this was a real goddess.
Athena, as a rule, is depicted everywhere with a spear in her hand and in armor.
Despite her natural grace and beauty, she was surrounded by male attributes.
On her head you can see a helmet with a fairly high crest, and in her hands there is always a shield that is decorated with the head of a Gorgon.
Athena is the goddess of wisdom, so she is always accompanied by the corresponding attributes a snake and an owl.
The Goddess of war We have already told a little about the armor and attributes of a brave warrior.
Athena is the goddess of war, dispelling the clouds with the blade of her sparkling sword, guarding cities, inventing everything necessary for the art of war.
In honor of her, even Panathenaic holidays were celebrated – big and small.
Athena is the goddess of war, but she did not take any pleasure in participating in battles, unlike Eris and Ares, who are hungry for blood and violence.
She preferred to solve all issues exclusively by peaceful means.
In good and quiet times, she did not carry a weapon with her, and if necessary, she received it from Zeus.
But if the goddess Athena entered into a battle, she never lost it.
Goddess of Wisdom, how many "duties" were assigned to her!
For example, she kept order when the weather changed.
If there was a thunderstorm with heavy rain, Athena had to make sure that the sun would certainly come out after that.
After all, she was also the goddess of gardens and fertility.
Under her patronage there was an olive tree in Attica, which was of great importance for those lands.
It was necessary for her to control both tribal institutions, the civil structure, and state life.
Athena is the goddess of Ancient Greece, who in myths also acts as the goddess of prudence, intelligence, insight, inventions of art, artistic activity.
It teaches people crafts and arts, gives them knowledge and wisdom.
Also, no one could surpass her in the art of weaving.
True, such an attempt was made by Arachna, but she later paid for her arrogance.
The ancient Greeks were sure that it was Athena who invented the flute, the plow, the ceramic pot, the rake, the chariot, the bridle for horses, the ship and much more.
That is why everyone hurried to her for wise advice.
She was so kind that even in court she always gave her vote for the acquittal of the accused.
The myth of Hephaestus and Athena It should be noted that another integral and characteristic part of her cult was virginity.
According to myths, many titans, gods, giants repeatedly tried to get her attention, to take her as a wife, but she rejected their courtship in every possible way.
And then one day, in the midst of the Trojan War, the goddess Athena turned to Hephaestus with a request to make separate armor for her.
As we already know, in such cases, she had to get weapons from Zeus.
However, he did not support either the Trojans or the Hellenes, and therefore it is unlikely that he would have given her daughter her armor.
Hephaestus did not even think of refusing Athena's request, but said that she should pay for the weapon not with money, but with love.
Athena either did not understand the meaning of these words, or did not attach any importance to them, since she came to the forge of Hephaestus on time for her order.
No sooner had she crossed the threshold, than he rushed to her and wanted to possess the goddess.
Athena managed to escape from his hands, but the seed of Hephaestus managed to spill on her leg.
She dried herself with a piece of wool and threw it on the floor.
Once on mother earth, Gaia, the seed fertilized her.
Gaia was not pleased with this fact, and she said that she refuses to raise the baby from Hephaestus.
Athena also took this burden on her shoulders.
Continuation of the myth – the story of Erichtonia Athena is a goddess, the myths about which only confirm her bravery and belligerence.
As she promised, she took the child named Erichtony to her upbringing.
However, it turned out that she did not have enough time for this, so she put the child in a sacred casket and gave it to Aglavra, the daughter of Cecrops.
However, soon the new teacher Erichtonia tried to deceive Hermes, as a result of which she and her entire family gave their lives for this.
What did Athena do next?
After hearing this tragic news from the white crow, the goddess was very upset and made the bird black (since then all crows are black).
The bird found Athena at the moment when she was carrying a huge rock.
In her upset feelings, the goddess dropped it on the Acropolis to strengthen it more securely.
Today this rock is called Lycabetta.
She hid Erichtonia under her aegis and raised it on her own.
Later, he became a king in Athens and introduced the cult of his mother in this city.
The myth of the trial for Attica Athena is the goddess of ancient Greece, about whom there are many interesting mythological stories today.
This myth tells how she became the mistress of Attica.
According to him, Poseidon came here first, struck the ground on the Acropolis with his trident - and a source of sea water appeared.
After him, Athena came here, struck the ground with a spear - and an olive tree appeared.
By the decision of the judges, Athena was recognized as the winner, since her gift turned out to be more necessary and useful.
Poseidon was very angry and wanted to flood the whole earth with the sea, but Zeus did not allow him to do so.
The myth of the flute As we have already said, Athena is credited with creating many things, including the flute.
According to the myth, one day the goddess found a deer bone and created a flute from it.
The sounds produced by such an instrument gave Athena incomparable pleasure.
She decided to show off her invention and skill at the meal of the gods.
However, Hera and Aphrodite began to openly laugh at her.
It turned out that while playing the instrument, Athena's cheeks are very swollen and her lips protrude, which does not add to her attractiveness.
Not wanting to look ugly, she abandoned the flute and cursed in advance the one who would play it.
The instrument was destined to find Marcia, who could not escape later the terrible punishment from Apollo.
What gave rise to the myth of the goddess and Arachne?
We have already mentioned that the goddess had no equal in the art of weaving.
However, attempts were made to surpass it, which did not entail anything good.
One of the myths tells about such a story.
When it came to all women's work and crafts, the goddess was called Ergana or Athena the worker.
One of the main crafts of the Athenians was weaving, but the materials made from Asian countries were made more subtly and elegantly.
This rivalry gave rise to the myth of the enmity between Arachne and Athena.
Arachne was not of noble origin, her father worked as an ordinary dyer, but the girl had a talent for weaving incredibly thin and very beautiful materials.
She also knew how to spin quickly and smoothly, loved to decorate her works with skillful embroidery.
Praises and pleasant speeches to her work sounded from all sides.
Arachne became so proud of this that it occurred to her to compete with the goddess.
She said that she could easily beat her in this craft.
Athena was very angry and decided to put the impudent woman in her place, but first she wanted to solve everything peacefully, which was very inherent in her.
She assumed the appearance of an old woman and went to Arachne.
There she began to prove to the girl that it is very dangerous for a mere mortal to start such games with a goddess.
To which the proud weaver replied that even if Athena herself appeared before her, she would be able to prove her superiority in the craft to her.
Athena was not a timid person, so she accepted the challenge.
Both girls set to work.
The goddess on her machine wove a story about her difficult relationship with Poseidon, and Arachne depicted all sorts of transformations of the gods and love affairs.
The work of a mere mortal was done so efficiently and skillfully that Athena, although she tried, did not find a single flaw in it.
Angry and forgetting about her duty to be fair, Athena hit the girl on the head with a shuttle.
The proud Arachne could not survive such humiliation and hanged herself.
And the goddess turned her into a spider, which is destined to be engaged in weaving throughout her life.
Myths about Athena's help to all the gods, She helped many people not only with advice, but with performing feats.
For example, Perseus was brought up in her temple.
And it was Athena who taught him to wield a sword, for which he brought her a Gorgon's head as a gift.
As we know, she placed it on her shield.
The goddess helped Tydeus to compete with the Thebans – she reflected arrows from him, covered him with a shield.
Diomedes was inspired by the goddess to fight with Aphrodite, Pandarus.
She helped Achilles to destroy Lyrness, to frighten the Trojans by creating a fire.
And when Achilles fought with Hector, she saved the first from a spear strike.
Images of Athena in art Back in the 5th century BC, the sculptor Phidias created a huge statue of Athena, which has not survived to this day, although there were repeated attempts to restore it.
It was a large statue of a goddess swinging a spear.
They installed it on the Acropolis.
Thanks to the large sparkling sword, the statue was visible from afar.
A little later, the same master made a bronze figure of Athena, preserved in marble copies.
And the painter Famul created a canvas called "Athena" when he painted the palace of Nero.
The most interesting thing is that from whatever side a person looks at the picture, the goddess turns her gaze to him.
And in the sanctuary of Artemis there was a work by Cleanth called "The Birth of Athena".
If we talk about the present, then in 2010 the TV series "Athena: the goddess of war" was released.
The drama from the Korean director tells about a terrorist group that threatens the whole world.
We hope that you have learned more about the brave and always ready to help the goddess.
Study myths, it is always fascinating, informative and interesting!
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