Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
mp3 recordings of bach on ArtOfPiano.ru
HTK, vol .
I, Preludes and Fugues (Gould)
(Richter)
(Schiff)
HTK, vol .
II, Preludes and Fugues (Gould)
(Richter)
(Schiff)
Violin Partita No. 2 d moll, BWV 1004 (Perlman)
Bach's music in Spanish.
Rachmaninoff
Bach's music in Spanish.
Chubrika
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was a German composer and organist.
During his lifetime, he was famous as an organist and harpsichordist; his compositional work was perceived by his contemporaries in connection with practical activities that took place in the typical atmosphere of a church, courtyard and city for a musician of the 17th and 18th centuries.
He spent his childhood years in Eisenach, in 1695-1702 he studied at the Ordrufei Lineburg.
At the age of 17, he played the organ, clavier, violin, viola, sang in the choir, was an assistant cantor.
In 1703-07 organist of the Neukirche in Arnstadt, in 1707-08 organist of the Blasiuskirche in Muhlhausen, in 1708-17 court organist, chamber musician, from 1714 court concertmaster in Weimar, in 1717-23 court kapellmeister in Keten, in 1723-50 cantor of the Thomaskirche and city music director in Leipzig (1729-41 head of the Collegium musicum).
Bach is one of the greatest representatives of the world humanistic culture.
The work of Bach, a versatile musician, distinguished by the inclusiveness of genres (except opera), summarized the achievements of the musical art of several centuries on the verge of Baroque and classicism.
A vividly national artist, Bach combined the traditions of the Protestant chorale with the traditions of the Austrian, Italian, and French music schools.
Bach, an unsurpassed master of polyphony, is characterized by the unity of polyphonic and homophonic, vocal and instrumental thinking, which explains the deep interpenetration of various genres and styles in his work.
The leading genre in Bach's vocal and instrumental work is the spiritual cantata.
Bach created 5 annual cycles of cantatas, which differ by belonging to the church calendar, by text sources (psalms, chorale stanzas, "free" poetry), by the role of the chorale, etc.
Of the secular cantatas, the most famous are "Peasant" and "Coffee".
The principles developed in the cantata dramaturgy were implemented in the masses, the "Passion".
The" High "Mass h moll, " The Passion for John", "The Passion for Matthew" became the culmination of the centuries old history of these genres.
Organ music occupies a central place in Bach's instrumental work.
Synthesizing the experience of organ improvisation inherited from his predecessors (D. Buxtehude, I. Pachelbel, G. Boehm, I. A. Reinken), a variety of variational and polyphonic composing techniques and the principles of concertation modern to him, Bach rethought and updated the traditional genres of organ music — toccata, fantasy, passacaglia, chorale prelude.
A virtuoso performer, one of the greatest experts on keyboard instruments in his time, Bach created an extensive literature for the clavier.
Among the keyboard compositions, the most important place is occupied by the "Well tempered Clavier" — the first experience in the history of music of the artistic application of the tempered system developed at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries.
The greatest polyphonist, in the fugues of the CTC Bach created unsurpassed samples, a kind of school of contrapuntal skill, which was continued and completed in the "Art of the Fugue", on which Bach worked for the last 10 years of his life.
Bach is the author of one of the first clavier concertos — the Italian Concerto (without an orchestra), which fully confirmed the independent significance of the clavier as a concert instrument.
Bach's music for violin, cello, flute, oboe, instrumental ensemble, orchestra sonatas, suites, partitas, concertos — marks a significant expansion of the expressive and technical capabilities of instruments, reveals a deep knowledge of instruments and universalism in their interpretation.
The Brandenburg concertos for various instrumental compositions, which embodied the genre and compositional principles of concerto grosso, were an important stage on the way to the classical symphony.
During Bach's lifetime, a small part of his works was published.
The true scale of Bach's genius, which had a strong influence on the subsequent development of European musical culture, began to be realized only half a century after his death.
Among the first connoisseurs are the founder of Bach studies I. N. Forkel (published in 1802 an essay on the life and work of Bach), K. F. Zelter, whose activities for the preservation and promotion of Bach's heritage led to the performance of the "Passion according to Matthew" under the direction of F. Mendelssohn, 1829.
This performance, which had historical significance, served as an impetus for the revival of Bach's work in the 19th and 20th centuries.
In 1850, the Bach Society was formed in Leipzig.
Essays: For soloists, choir and orchestra — The Passion for John (1724), the Passion for Matthew (1727 or 1729; final edition 1736), Magnificat (1723), High Mass (h moll, about 1747-49; 1st edition 1733), 4 short Masses (1730s), oratorios (Christmas, Easter, about 1735), cantatas (about 200 spiritual, over 20 secular); for orchestra — 6 Brandenburg concertos (1711-20), 5 overtures (suites, 1721-30); concertos for instruments and orchestra — for 1, 2, 3, 4 claviers, 2 for violin, for 2 violins; chamber instrumental ensembles — 6 sonatas for violin and clavier, 3 sonatas for flute and clavier, 3 sonatas for cello and clavier, trio sonatas; for organ — 6 organ concertos (1708-17), preludes and fugues, fantasies and fugues, toccatas and fugues, passacaglia c moll, chorale preludes;
for clavier — 6 English suites, 6 French suites, 6 partitas, Well — tempered clavier (volume 1 — 1722, volume 2 — 1744), Italian concerto (1734), Goldberg variations (1742); for violin 3 sonatas, 3 partitas; 6 suites for cello; spiritual songs, arias; compositions without specifying the performing composition — A Musical Offering (1747), The Art of Fugue (1740-50), etc.
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