Dominican Republic
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It should not be confused with the State of Dominica.
Dominican Republic
República Dominicana
Flag Coat of Arms
Motto: "Dios, patria, libertad (God, Fatherland, freedom) "Anthem:" Quisqueyanos valientes " Unfortunately, JavaScript is disabled in your browser, or there is no required player.
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Date of independence February 27, 1844 (from Haiti) Official language Spanish Capital of Santo Domingo Largest city of Santo Domingo Form of government Presidential Republic President
Vice President Danilo Medina
Margarita Cedeno de Fernandez State Religion Catholicism Territory
• Total
• % of the water surface.
128th in the world
48,730 km2
1.6 Population
* Assessment (2013)
* Density
- 10 827 373 [1] people. (85th)
201 people/km2 of GDP
• Total (2015)
• Per capita
$146.277 billion $ dollars (74th)
$10,319 USD HDI (2013) : 0.702[2] (average) (96th place) The currency is the Dominican Peso (DOP, code 214) Internet domain .do ISO code DO IOC code DOM Phone code +1-809, +1-829, +1-849 Time zones -4
Coordinates: 18°50 '10" s.
w.
69°48'30" s.
d. / 18.83611° s.
w.
69.80833° s.
d. / 18.83611; -69.80833 (G) (O)
The Dominican Republic (Spanish: República Dominicana [reβpußlika ðominiˈkana]) is a state in the eastern part of the island of Haiti (the Caribbean Sea) and on the coastal islands) The western half of the island is occupied by the state of the Republic of Haiti.
The island is part of the archipelago of the Greater Antilles.
The capital is Santo Domingo.
The population of the state is about 9.65 million people.
(2009).
For most of its history (before independence), the colony was known as "Santo Domingo", in honor of its patron saint, Saint Dominic.
The inhabitants were called " Dominicanos "(Dominicans), an adjectival form of" Domingo", and the revolutionaries called their independent country"La Republica Dominicana".
Content
1 Geography 2 History 3 Political structure 3.1 Political parties
4 Administrative division 5 Population 6 Languages 7 Economy 7.1 Foreign trade 7.2 Transport 7.2.1 Railway transport 7.2.2 Metro
8 Tourism 9 Culture 10 Photos 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 13.1 Administration 13.2 Local Media 13.3 Other
Geography[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Geography of the Dominican Republic
In addition to the main territory on the island of Haiti (Hispaniola), the Dominican Republic owns many small islands.
The largest of them are:
Saona is located off the southeastern coast of the island of Haiti.
Beata is off the southwest coast.
Cayo Levantado — off the northeast coast.
History[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: History of the Dominican Republic
Until the end of the XV century, the territory of the modern Dominican Republic was inhabited by Indian tribes.
In 1492, the island of Haiti was discovered by Christopher Columbus.
At the beginning of the XVI century, the Spaniards colonized the island.
After that, Great Britain and France began to claim the island.
In 1697, the Riksvik Peace was signed, according to which the western part of the island was ceded to France, and the eastern part remained with Spain.
After the outbreak of the French war with Great Britain and Spain, the entire island was captured by the French in 1795.
In 1804, an uprising broke out on the island, and the colonizers were expelled.
In 1808, Spain regained the eastern part of the island.
In 1821, as a result of the liberation war, Santo Domingo was freed from the colonizers, but in 1822 it again fell under the control of the neighboring Republic of Haiti.
In 1844, an anti Haitian uprising occurred, and the Dominican Republic was proclaimed in the eastern part of the island.
Its first president was Pedro Santana.
On March 18, 1861, Spain recaptured the Dominican Republic.
In 1865, another uprising took place, this time under the leadership of Gregorio Luperon,[3] and the Spaniards were expelled forever.
There was an unstable economic situation in the country, and the president of the Baec was negotiating the country's accession to the United States.
A series of coups followed, in 1882, General Ulises Herault proclaimed himself president.
In July 1899, he was assassinated by Ramon Caceres, who later became president.
Meanwhile, the country was increasingly becoming economically dependent on the great powers, and primarily on the United States.
In February 1905, the United States took control of the finances and customs of the Dominican Republic.
Coups d'etat took place in the republic.
On July 19, 1911, President Ramon Caceres was assassinated.
In April 1916, an uprising broke out, to suppress which the United States sent its contingent.
On May 5, 1916, US troops occupied the Dominican Republic.
In July 1924, American troops left the Dominican Republic, but nevertheless the United States continued to maintain economic control over it.
In 1930, Rafael Trujillo became president of the country, who ruled until his death in 1961.
His Government carried out repressions against the opposition, discriminated against Haitian immigrants.
During World War II, the Dominican Republic declared war on Germany, Italy and Japan.
After 1955, the Trujillo regime began to experience significant difficulties.
Under these conditions, an armed uprising against Trujillo took place in 1956, which was suppressed with the help of government troops.
In June 1959, a group of emigrants landed from Cuba, planning the overthrow of Trujillo.
In 1960, Trujillo was involved in an assassination attempt on Venezuelan President Romulo Betancourt.
The OAS imposed an embargo on the supply of oil and trucks against the Dominican Republic.
Amid the growing political and economic crisis, Trujillo was assassinated on May 30, 1961.
Joaquin Balaguer became the President of the country.
In January 1962, Balaguer was overthrown and fled to the United States.
In December 1962, as a result of the elections held, Juan Bosch became president.
When he came to power, he began implementing fundamental reforms, training national personnel and planned to carry out agrarian reform.
On September 25, 1963, Bosch was overthrown as a result of another military coup, the organizers of which branded him as a communist.
From September 1963 to April 1965, the country was ruled by the so called civil triumvirate.
On April 24, 1965, a military uprising led by Colonel Francisco Caamagno took place in the country, the organizers of which demanded the restoration of the 1963 constitution and the return to power of the deposed Juan Bosch, for which they are called "constitutionalists".
On April 25, the rebels occupied Santo Domingo and overthrew the "civil triumvirate".
Francisco Caamagno was appointed interim President of the country.
A part of the army took the side of the overthrown triumvirate, the new junta led by General E. Vessin and Vessin moved tanks and aircraft to the capital.
On August 25, US President Lyndon Johnson ordered a group of ships to go to the shores of the Dominican Republic.
On April 28, the intervention of American troops in the Dominican Republic began.
The next day, the interventionists seized the coastal areas of the capital and the entire coast of the country.
On April 30, a truce was concluded.
US President Lyndon Johnson "justified" the intervention, claiming that communist elements were trying to take control of the "constitutionalists"movement.
In June 1965, presidential elections were held, which were won by Joaquin Balaguer.
In September, US troops left the Dominican Republic.
In 1970, Juan Bosch returned from exile and created a left wing party, the PRD.
In 1970 and 1974, Balaguer was re elected to the presidential post.
The 1978 elections were won by Silvestre Antonio Guzman Fernandez from the PRD, during his rule, the external debt increased sharply due to rising prices for imported oil and lower prices for Dominican exports — coffee, sugar and raw materials.
Guzman steadfastly fought against corruption, and committed suicide when it was discovered that his daughter and son in law, while in administrative posts, took bribes.
In 1982, the PRD candidate Salvador Jorge Blanco also became president, who promised to eliminate corruption and carry out agrarian reform, but faced major financial difficulties, had to seek financial assistance from the IMF, on his recommendation reduced the volume of state subsidies for food and essential goods, which caused a sharp increase in prices and social tension and major riots in 1984.
In 1986 and 1990, Joaquin Balaguer won the elections again.
He undertook to carry out extensive public works, but his policy led to a deterioration of the situation in the economy and an increase in external debt.
In 1995, the candidate of the Liberation Party (PLD), Leonel Fernandez Reina, entered the election campaign and put forward another program to combat corruption, poverty and unemployment.
In 1996, he won with a result of 51.2 %.
In 2000, the presidential election was won by Ipolito Mejia, the candidate of the Revolutionary Party (PRD).
49.8% of voters voted for him.
In 2004, Leonel Fernandez was again elected president with 57 % of the vote.
The next elections were held on May 16, 2008.
Leonel Fernandez was re elected for a second term with 53 % of the vote.
Four years later, in 2012, Danilo Medina won the election, gaining 52.3 % of the vote against Ipolito Mejia's 45.9 %.
The Dominican Republic has diplomatic relations with the Russian Federation (diplomatic relations were established with the USSR on March 8, 1945).
In March 1991, an agreement was reached on the exchange of ambassadors, concurrently.
Between 2006 and 2010, the number of Russian tourists visiting the Dominican Republic increased fivefold and in 2010 amounted to about 80,000 people[4].
Political structure[edit / edit wiki text]
The Constitution of November 28, 1966 approved the democratic system in the country.
The Constitution adopted by the National Assembly in July 2002 is now in force.
The President is elected for 4 years on the basis of universal direct voting, held in one round, as well as senators, deputies and mayors.
The post of Prime Minister does not exist.
The President himself performs the functions of the head of government, appoints and recalls ministers.
If necessary, he is replaced by the Vice President, and in the absence of the latter by the Chairman of the Supreme Court.
The legislative body of the country is the National Assembly, which consists of two chambers, the chairmen of which change every year.
There are 32 senators in the Upper House, one from each of the 31 provinces and one senator from the national district.
The Lower House consists of 178 deputies elected by direct universal suffrage in one round.
The organization and summing up of the election results is the prerogative of the Central Election Commission.
The judicial bodies are the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the court of first Instance.
Land courts resolve disputes between land owners.
Judges are appointed by the Senate.
Local authorities: The President appoints and recalls the provincial governors of the country.
Political parties[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the results of the elections in May 2010, the following are represented in the Parliament:
Dominican Liberation Party Left (ruling): 31 senators, 92 deputies Dominican Revolutionary Party center left (opposition): 57 deputies Social Christian Reformist Party — center right (opposition): 1 senator, 4 deputies Christian Democratic Union centrist: 1 deputy People's Christian Party — center right: 1 deputy
Another 13 political parties participated in the last elections.
Administrative division[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Administrative division of the Dominican Republic
Administrative division of the Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is divided into 31 provinces and a National District.
# Province Administrative center Area,
km2 Population,
(2002) people.
Density,
people/km2 1.
Azua Azua de Compostela 2 532 208 857 82.49 2.
Baoruko Neiba 1 282 91 480 71.36 3.
Baraona Santa Cruz de Baraona 1 739 179 239 103.07 4.
Dahabon Dahabon 1 021 62 046 60.77 5.
Duarte San Francisco de Macoris 1 605 283 805 176.83 6.
Elias Pinha Comendador 1 426 63 879 44.80 7.
El Seibo Santa Cruz del Seibo 1 787 89 261 49.95 8.
Espaillat Moca 839 225 091 268.28 9.
Ato Major Ato Major del Rey 1 329 87 631 65.94 10.
Independence Himani 2 006 50 833 25.34 11.
La Altagracia Higuey 3 010 182 020 60.47 12.
La Romana La Romana 654 219 812 336.10 13.
La Vega Conception de la Vega 2 287 385 101 168.39 14.
Maria Trinidad Sanchez Nagua 1 272 135 727 106.70 15.
Monsignor Novel Bonao 992 167 618 168.97 16.
Monte Cristi San Fernando de Monte Cristi 1 924 111 014 57.70 17.
Monte Plata Monte Plata 2,632,180,376,68,53 18.
Pedernales Pedernales 2 075 21 207 10,22 19.
Peravia Baths 792 169 865 214.48 20.
Puerto Plata San Felipe de Puerto Plata 1 853 312 706 168.76 21.
Ermanas Mirabal Salkedo 440 96 356 218.99 22.
Samana Santa Barbara de Samana 854 91 875 107.58 23.
Sanchez Ramirez Cotui 1 196 151 179 126.40 24.
San Cristobal San Cristobal 1 266 532 880 420.92 25.
San Jose de Ocoa San Jose de Ocoa 855 62 368 72.95 26.
San Juan San Juan de la Maguana 3 569 241 105 67.56 27.
San Pedro de Macoris San Pedro de Macoris 1 255 301 744 240,43 28.
Santiago Santiago de los Treinta Caballeros 2 837 908 250 320,14 29.
Santiago Rodriguez San Ignacio de Sabaneta 1 111 59 629 53.67 30.
Santo Domingo Santo Domingo Este 1 303 1 817 754 1395.05 31.
Valverde Mao 823 158 293 192.34 D. N. National District of Santo Domingo 104 913 540 8784.04 Total 48 670 8 562 541 175.93
Population[edit / edit wiki text]
The population is 9.79 million (estimated as of July 2010).
The annual increase is 1.5 %.
The birth rate is 22.1 per 1000 (fertility is 2.7 births per woman, infant mortality is 25 per 1000).
The mortality rate is 5.3 per 1000.
Emigration — 2.0 per 1000.
The average life expectancy is 72 years for men, 76 years for women.
Infection with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — 1.1 % (estimate for 2007).
The urban population is 69 %.
Age composition children under 15 years of age make up 31.1 % of the population of the country, people over 65 years of age — 6 %.
Ethno racial composition:
mulatto 73 % white 16 % black 11 %
A special group of the population consists of illegal immigrants from Haiti (mostly black), who are often discriminated against and cause social tension in certain provinces and municipalities of the country[5].
The official language is Spanish.
Literacy — 87 % (according to the 2002 census).
Religions 95.2 % - Christians (includes 88.6 % Catholics and 4.2 % Protestants), other 4.8 %, including Jehovah's Witnesses in 2011 — 1.37 %.
Languages[edit / edit wiki text]
The Dominican Republic is almost entirely Spanish speaking.
Due to the long standing and current immigration from Haiti, Creole is spoken by several hundred thousand immigrants and their descendants.
There is a community of about 8,000 native English speakers in the province of Samana.
They are descendants of freed American slaves who arrived in the Dominican Republic in the XIX century.
A large number of tourists from the United States, as well as the country's economic ties with the United States, encourage a significant number of Dominicans to learn English.
Economy[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Economy of the Dominican Republic
Dominican peso 1947, imitation of the US dollar
The main income of the country is provided by customs duties, tourism and money transfers from emigrants.
The export of sugar, coffee and tobacco is also of great importance.
GDP per capita: $ 8,3 thousand (in 2009) Population below the poverty line: 42 % (in 2004) Inflation: 10.6 % (in 2008) Unemployment: 15 % (in 2009)
Industry (21 % of GDP, 22 % of employees) - sugar, ferronickel and gold mining, textile, tobacco.
Agriculture and animal husbandry (11 % of GDP, 15 % of employees) — sugar cane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, legumes, potatoes, corn, bananas.
The service sector — 68 % of GDP, 63 % of employees.
Foreign trade[edit / edit wiki text]
Exports ($7 billion in 2008) — ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meat.
The main buyers are the USA 58 %, Haiti 9 %, the Netherlands 3 %.
Imports ($16.1 billion in 2008) — food, fuel, chemicals.
The main suppliers are the USA 39 %, Venezuela 8 %, Mexico 5 %, Colombia 5 %.
In January 2004, the international CAFTA agreement was signed.
It is a member of the international organization of ACP countries.
Transport[edit / edit wiki text]
Railway transport[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Railway transport of the Dominican Republic
Railways with a total length of 1200 km are represented by three lines:
The Dominican State Railway connects the city of La Vega with the port of Sanchez and serves for the transportation of export goods (sugar, cocoa, coffee, tobacco).
The track width is 1067, 762 and 558 mm.
The Central Roman Railway is 375 km long with a gauge of 1435 mm.
The Central Rio Haina Railway is 113 km long with a gauge of 1435 mm.
There are diesel locomotives in the locomotive fleet.
Metro[edit / edit wiki text]
On February 27, 2008, the first metro line was officially opened in Santo Domingo.
The metro currently consists of two lines, the first of which begins at the intersection of Winston Churchill Avenue and Independence Avenue and ends at Ermanasacito Mirabal Avenue.
Tourism[edit / edit wiki text]
The Dominican Republic is particularly attractive for active diving.
There are several places for divers in the area of Catalina and Saona Islands.
Experienced divers should pay attention to Padre Nuestro — an extended system of underwater caves with picturesque stalactites.
The waterfall complex in the vicinity of Harabacoa is also popular among tourists.
The Armando Bermudez Nature Reserve is located nearby[6].
In 2011, the country was visited by 4.3 million tourists, mainly from Latin America and the United States.
The number of Russian tourists in 2011 was 44,693. [7]
Culture[edit / edit wiki text]
The Dominican Republic is known as the birthplace of the musical style and dance of merengue.
Photos[edit / edit wiki text]
Street view of the Dominican Metro station
At the Dominican Metro station
Levantado Reef in Samana Bay
The southern shore of Lake Enriquillo
La Esperilla, Santo Domingo
Petroglyphs in "Las Caritas"
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
Presidents of the Dominican Republic Catholicism in the Dominican Republic "Dominican Republic" - hurricane of 1930 List of diplomatic missions of the Dominican Republic
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ Census.gov.
Country Rank.
Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2013.
U.S. Department of Commerce (2013).
Accessed May 9, 2013.
Archived from the original source on May 9, 2013.
↑ Human Development Report 2013 (English).
United Nations Development Program (2013).
Archived from the original source on August 13, 2013.
↑ Gregorio Luperón (Spanish) La La avaricia rompe el saco (Spanish) Den Denuncian complicidad de militares en ingreso ilegal de haitianos June 13, 2009 (Spanish) ↑ Dominican Republic.
Tourist tips ↑ Más de 4.3 MM turistas viajaron a RD en el 2011 (Spanish)
[1]
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
The Dominican Republic on Wikimedia Commons?
The Dominican Republic in Wikigide?
Administration[edit / edit wiki text]
Website of the Presidential Administration Website of the Parliament Supreme Court Ministry of Tourism
Local media[edit / edit wiki text]
«Dominican Today» «El Caribe» «El Nuevo Diario»
Other[edit / edit wiki text]
Online guide to the law and legal materials of the Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic in topics
Coat of arms • Flag • Anthem • State system • Constitution • Parliament • Administrative division • Geography • Cities • Capital • Population • Languages • History • Economy • Currency • Culture • Religion • Cinema • Literature • Music • Holidays • Sports • Education • Science • Transport • Tourism • Post office (history and stamps) • Internet • Armed forces • Foreign policy
Portal "Dominican Republic"
Countries near the Caribbean Sea North America Belize * Guatemala • Honduras • Costa Rica • Mexico • Nicaragua • Panama South America Venezuela • Colombia Greater Antilles Haiti * Dominican Republic • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Puerto Rico • Jamaica Lesser Antilles US Virgin Islands • Aruba • Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Barbados • Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (Caribbean Netherlands) • British Virgin Islands • Guadeloupe * Grenada • Dominica • Curacao • Martinique • Montserrat • Saint Barthelemy • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Sint Maarten • Trinidad and Tobago
North American countries
Antigua and Barbuda | Bahamas / Barbados | Belize | Haiti | Guatemala | Honduras | Grenada | Dominica | Dominican Republic | Canada | Costa Rica | Cuba | Mexico | Nicaragua | Panama | El Salvador | Saint Lucia | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Saint Kitts and Nevis / USA | Trinidad and Tobago | Jamaica
Dependent Territories: US Virgin Islands | Anguilla | Aruba | Bermuda / Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | British Virgin Islands | Guadeloupe | Greenland | Cayman Islands | Clipperton | Curacao | Martinique | Montserrat | Navassa | Puerto Rico | San Andres and Providencia | Saint Barthelemy | Saint Martin | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Sint Maarten | Turks and Caicos | Federal Possessions of Venezuela
↑ 829DR.ru.
Information portal about the Dominican Republic.
829DR.ru (04.08.2014).
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominican Republic&oldid=76013387"
Categories: Alphabetical states Caribbean countries Dominican Republic Island States Unitary States
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