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Stromynka street
Stromynka is a street between Stromynskaya Square and the Matrossky Bridge.
It originated in the 14th century as a road to the village of Stromyn (hence the name).
In the 17th century, the road connected Sokolniki, Preobrazhennskoe, Cherkizovo.
In the 18th century, it was called Matrosskaya Street from the Matrosskaya Sloboda on the right bank of the Yauza River.
Since the end of the 18th century, Stromynka and its surroundings have become an area of hospitals and almshouses Since the second half of the 19th century, factories and factories were built here.
In 1893, boulevards were built on both sides of the street, and in 1911 - 1913, squares were created on Stromynskaya Square.
On Stromynka there are: Clinical Hospital No. 33 named after A. A. Ostroumov (d. 1), Central Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital (d. 4), the I. V. Rusakov Club.
The center is located in Sokolniki, in an old building with an interesting history.
On February 6, 1890, the hereditary honorary citizen Nikolai Ivanovich Boev donated funds for the establishment of a Charity House (almshouse), which was named after the brothers Nikolai, Peter, Alexey and Alexander Ivanovich Boev.
The author of the project of this building is the architect A. L. Ober.
On May 31, 1894, the official opening of the institution took place.
On March 2, 1926, it was converted into a tuberculosis department with 248 beds at the Prof. Ostroumova.
In the same year, the Institute of Tuberculosis Prevention and Therapy was opened on the site of this department.
Since 1932, it has been the Moscow City Tuberculosis Research Institute.
On December 16, 1955, the Institute was reorganized into the Moscow City Central Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital.
On July 1, 1997, the Moscow City Scientific and Practical Center for Combating Tuberculosis was organized on this basis.
Currently, the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Combating Tuberculosis employs 348 people, including 1 academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 11 professors and doctors and 29 candidates of sciences, many young employees.
City Clinical Hospital No. 33 named after Professor A. A. Ostroumov.
In October 1882, the Bakhrushin brothers donated 450 thousand rubles to the Moscow mayor for the construction of a hospital.
By the autumn of 1887, the Bakhrushinsky Hospital for Those Suffering from Incurable Diseases, designed by architect B. V. Freudenberg, was built on Sokolnichy Field, which was large at that time - for 200 beds.
All the buildings of the hospital were a single architectural ensemble with decorative treatment of facades in the Russian national style.
The hospital of the Bakhrushin brothers on Sokolnichy Field According to the charter, persons of "every rank and condition, mainly from insufficient ones,"were admitted to the hospital for treatment.
The treatment was free of charge; the patients were called pensioners of the Bakhrushin brothers.
In 1890, a house of contempt for incurable patients was built at the hospital for 150, and later for 200 people (I think it was the only one in Moscow at that time).
Since 1895, a small maternity hospital with 8 beds was opened, and in 1903, the first maternity hospital for Moscow was built on the territory of the hospital by the architect I. A. Ivanov Shits.
By the decision of the City Duma in 1911, the Bakhrushinsky Hospital became the training base for Higher Women's Courses in Hospital Surgery and therapy, and in 1913, an outpatient clinic was built on the bequeathed capital of the Bakhrushins ' sister, Vera Fedorovna, designed by architect S. F. Chizh for 230 visits.
At the beginning of 1920, the hospital named after The Bakhrushins 'hospital was renamed the N. V. Sklifosovsky Hospital, and in 1923 - the hospital named after the Russian clinical scientist, Professor A. A. Ostroumov, who was the chief physician of the newly opened Bakhrushin hospital and the home doctor of the Bakhrushins' family.
Since 1934, the hospital has been turning into a clinical base for the therapeutic and surgical departments of medical institutes in Moscow.
In 1974, a surgical building with 300 beds, a CTP, an X ray film storage, an RTP, as well as a pathoanatomical building were built.
In 1992, in connection with the liquidation of hospital No. 16, GKB No. 33 named after prof.
A. A. Ostroumov, two buildings were returned: therapeutic, built in 1981 and neurological, built in 1954.
Today, the State Clinical Hospital No. 33 named after prof.
A. A. Ostroumov is a multi body, multidisciplinary, technically equipped medical complex that continues the best traditions of the founders of the hospital.
The hospital has 1060 beds, in addition, 41 intensive care beds, an outpatient polyclinic department for 750 visits per shift is functioning, a consultative and diagnostic polyclinic with a day hospital for 20 places is open, 4 city centers operate on the basis of the hospital.
The I. V. Rusakov House of Culture is the Roman Viktyuk Theater, a famous monument of Moscow constructivism.
Wanting to make the building multifunctional, the author provided for the possibility of transforming the interior.
Three auditoriums, acting as theater balconies, open into the main hall, which has the shape of a sector, with the help of lifting walls.
The lifting walls made it possible to use each of the five spatial elements of the club separately.
Vertical trunks of stairs serve all rooms.
The composition of the facade is determined by its internal structure: the three upper auditoriums protrude outward in the form of three dimensional consoles.
The original appearance of the building is distorted: some window openings were laid, large inscriptions on the ends of the console volumes were knocked down, sliding walls were removed, the exterior paint was changed.
One of the most remarkable buildings in Moscow.
It is no coincidence that in 1987 the building was accepted for state protection, and in 1999 it was included in the lists of historical and cultural objects protected by an international organization.
Now the club building houses the Roman Viktyuk Theater.
But let's turn to history.
In the 1920s, when the formation of the Soviet republic was taking place and the education of a new generation of citizens who "will live under communism", the question of organizing clubs where ordinary Soviet citizens could relax after work, engage in amateur activities or listen to lectures on the advantages of the socialist system over any other, especially capitalist, was particularly acute.
Such clubs were often located in vacant noble mansions.
Clubs played an even more significant role then than residential buildings.
After all, it was assumed that people would spend the morning and the first half of the day at work, and the afternoon and evening in clubs, stadiums and other public places, eat in public canteens, go to public baths, and come home only to spend the night.
Everything will be in abundance, and no one will have money.
In the 1920s, many public buildings were built in Moscow, among them the club of communal workers on Stromynka (1927-1929), the future club named after him.
Rusakova.
Konstantin Stepanovich Melnikov became the architect of the new building in all respects.
Contemporaries were struck by the revolutionary novelty of the club, many accepted it simply with a bang.
Here are some excerpts from newspapers and books of that time: "The architecture of a modern club should have mechanized forms.
The expression of these artistic forms distinguishes the architecture of the club from the architecture of buildings of other purposes.
It is just as organically characteristic of the social life of the industrial worker in our era, as the Gothic architecture of a medieval cathedral was an expression of the religious aspirations of people of its era, or the Orthodox church is an architectural symbol of the religious ignorance of pre - revolutionary Russia" "When you approach this building, you immediately feel that this is not a house of apartments, not a factory, but a new structure, in which some new life will be bubbling, not the same as in a factory or in an apartment.
Comrade Melnikov sewed a boot on the leg.
This is the architecture of our days."
The Roman Viktyuk Theater opened in 1990 with the premiere of the second edition of the play by Zh.
The wife of "The Maid" (the first was staged at the Satyricon Theater in 1988), but actually existed long before that.
R. G. Viktyuk staged performances on different stages, collaborating with the Taganka Theater, the Moscow Art Theater, Sovremennik, the Yevgeny Vakhtangov Theater, the Mossovet Theater, etc..
The staged abundance of performances, their stage brilliance, luxury, exquisite sensuality and excessive mannerism give rise to a peculiar principle of" multi series", when each subsequent performance seems to be a continuation of the previous one.
The choice of the repertoire is determined by the director's predilections for extraordinary situations and often for abnormal human feelings: "M. Butterfly" by D.-G.
Juan, "Lolita" by V. V. Nabokov, "Slingshot" and "Polonaise of Oginsky" by N. Kolyada, "Ferdinando" by A. Ruccello (all 1994), "Love with a Jerk" by V. Francesca (1995), "Sacred Monsters" by J. Cocteau (1996), " Philosophy in the Boudoir "(based on the works of the Marquis D. A. F. de Sade, 1996).
The Viktyuk Theater is primarily a director's theater.
It is not by chance that the name of the director is included in the name of the theater.
The Roman Viktyuk Theater is an elite theater designed more for spiritual and emotional perception than for a cold and analytical approach.
It is rather a theater of self reflection, not seeking to solve any socio political problems, but encouraging self knowledge and self improvement.
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