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In Moscow
archeology
"Stash" with a history
The oldest street in Moscow has been discovered in Zaryadye
The oldest street in Moscow has been discovered in Zaryadye
Text:
Sergey Zhukov
01.10.2015, 00:20
Print version
The capital's archaeologists dug up Velikaya Street - the oldest in the Moscow Posad.
The amazing find was hidden deep underground for several centuries in Zaryadye - on the site of the former hotel "Russia" and the future landscape park under construction.
According to historians, the log pavement appeared there in the XII century - during the birth of Moscow.
Her remains promise to become the main find of the year, which will help archaeologists solve more than one Moscow mystery.
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Zaryadye, as one of the oldest districts of Moscow, has seen a lot of construction projects and demolitions in different centuries.
It was on its territory, according to historians, that the street appeared, from which the current Moscow once began.
Velikaya Street led from the walls of the Kremlin to the pier, located in the eastern part of Zaryadye.
There were several churches on it in the XIV XV centuries, including a pseudo Gothic church in honor of Nikola Mokry - the patron saint of travelers and sailors.
Later, the street was cut off from the river by the wall of Kitay Gorod and in the XVII century Velikaya was renamed Mokrinsky Lane.
And only now, in the XXI century, archaeologists have managed to find a "hello" from the past.
In particular, decking made of logs planted on long longitudinal logs was found.
Experts say that they presumably belong to the 17th century.
According to the director of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nikolai Makarov, streets of all ancient Russian cities were paved with similar structures, starting from the XI and up to the XVII century - the time of the change of the appearance of cities under Peter I.
The logs found were well preserved, since they had been lying in the wet ground all this time.
In such a land, Leonid Kondrashev, the chief archaeologist of Moscow, explained, bacteria do not multiply and do not "eat" the tree.
According to the logs, experts plan to compile for the first time the so - called "dendrochronology" - a wooden chronology of Moscow.
Soviet archaeologists who conducted excavations in Zaryadye in the middle of the XX century believed that the Moscow posad began to form in the XII century.
Therefore, the main task for the coming months is to check how reliable their theory is.
- We will go down the floors, as if on ladders, from top to bottom, until we reach the XII century, unless, of course, this ladder breaks off earlier, - said Leonid Belyaev, head of the Department of Archeology of Moscow Russia at the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
- We are convinced that we are on the route of Mokrinsky Lane, which lies above the Great Street.
Life in the area of this street, according to scientists, was in full swing: there were numerous workshops and retail shops.
This is also evidenced by numerous finds of archaeologists.
Leather goods and shoes, copper coins and crosses, relief tiles and clay toys.
There are a lot of weapons - cast bullets, iron cores, etc.
Most likely, all this has to do with the events of the Time of Troubles.
Archaeologists were particularly interested in a fragment of a pilaster from the portal of a temple or palace with a rare ornament in the form of three row strips tightly woven into a solid carpet.
It is typical of Italian architecture - another proof of the long standing Russian Italian ties.
After all, it is known that Italian masters took part in the construction of the Kremlin walls and cathedrals.
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Experts say that Zaryadye still holds many secrets.
According to experts, for every square meter of the territory where excavations are carried out here, there are about ten valuable historical finds.
Therefore, the work will last for more than one month.
Given that the area is being explored in the open air, with the onset of cold weather, the excavation site will be covered with an awning, and heat guns will be installed nearby.
All the discovered artifacts will become part of the museum dedicated to the excavations in the Zaryadye area.
It is expected that the center of the future exhibition complex will be a piece of the foundation of the China City wall, which will open to tourists.
In recent years, the capital's archaeologists have discovered many other amazing historical finds.
In 1996, for example, in the northern part of Gostiny Dvor - near Ilyinka Street, the largest treasure of Moscow was found.
Two jugs - copper and clay.
16 silver vessels of the XVII century, 335 Western European coins and more than 95 thousand Russian silver kopecks were found in them.
All this is now stored in the Museum of Archeology.
Here you can also see the foundations of the Resurrection Bridge, which at that time connected the banks of the Neglinka River, preserved from the XVII XVIII centuries.
The new Zaryadye Park is planned to open in 2017 by the 870th anniversary of Moscow.
About 20 million people a year will be able to visit it.
The park will feature different climatic zones of Russia: forests, swamps, steppe and tundra.
It will become a single well maintained complex: nearby objects - bridges and streets will be put in order.
For example, Varvarka will be made a pedestrian zone, and the park and the embankment of the Moskva River will be connected by a "floating" bridge.
The authorities plan to give an advantage to strolling Muscovites on the Moskvoretskaya Embankment, where the pedestrian space will be expanded.
Rossiyskaya Gazeta Nedelya
№6792
(221)
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