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The life and creative path of M. Y. Lermontov
Biographies / Lermontov M. Yu.
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Summary of the poem "The Demon: an Oriental tale" by Lermontov M. Yu.
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The ideological and artistic originality of the work "The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young oprichnik and a daring merchant Kalashnikov" by Lermontov M. Yu.
"The pathos of Lermontov's poetry is in moral questions about the fate and rights of the human person" V. G. Belinsky
M. Y. Lermontov was born in Moscow, in the family of an officer.
The future poet's childhood was overshadowed by the early death of his mother and the constant litigation between his grandmother and father.
The painful impressions of childhood left an imprint on the character of the young man, contributed to the formation of a nature with very vividly expressed emotional reactions.
Already in his childhood, Lermontov showed such a character trait as dreaminess, a tendency to fantasy.
The subject of his close attention becomes the parish.
In the images of nature, the future poet seeks and finds correspondences to his soul experiences.
A special role in the development of Lermontov's poet was played by trips to the Caucasus, which awakened his poetic inspiration.
Blue Mountains of the Caucasus, I welcome you!
You cherished my childhood,
You carried me on your wild backs;
They dressed me with clouds;
You have taught me to the sky,
And since then I have been dreaming about you and about the sky... - so wrote the sixteen year old Lermontov.
One of Lermontov's early poems - "The Prisoner of the Caucasus" (1828) - was written under the strong influence of the work of A. S. Pushkin.
At the same time, this work is a peculiar stage in the young poet's mastery of the basics of mastery.
Lermontov redefines the plot of Pushkin's "Caucasian Captivity", the theme of nature acquires a different sound in the poem.
A distinctive feature of the Lermontov landscape is its fusion with the world of feelings of the lyrical hero, nature is endowed with the same qualities and properties.
In the romantic world of early Lermontov, man and nature are equal.
This motif will later be developed in the works of Lermontov and, above all, in the poem "Mtsyri".
Lermontov did not imitate, did not co feast, but learned from the experience of Pushkin and other poets, his predecessors, what could contribute to the expression of his own creative individuality.
In 1828, Lermontov entered a boarding school at Moscow University, and in 1830 became a student of the Department of literature.
In 1832, due to a clash with teachers, Lermontov was forced to leave the university.
In the same year, he entered the St. Petersburg School of Guards ensigns.
His nature, hungry for storms and strong sensations, could not be satisfied with civil service.
Lermontov was attracted by adventures, a military career.
The two years he spent at school had a detrimental effect on the spiritual development of the poet.
During these years, Lermontov was almost not engaged in creative work.
During this period of life, the poem "Sail"was created.
In St. Petersburg, Lermontov gets acquainted with the text of the comedy by A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
Then he conceived a dramatic work containing a sharp criticism of modern mores.
In 1835, Lermontov wrote the drama "Masquerade", which was never destined to appear on the stage during the author's lifetime.
During his stay in St. Petersburg, Lermontov studies the history of Russia, gets acquainted with the collection "Ancient Russian Poems collected by Kirsha Danilov".
Russian Russian epic Lermontov is fascinated by the character and mood of the Russian epic, he has the idea of a work from Russian national life, realized later, in 1837 ("A Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young oprichnik and a daring merchant Kalashnikov").
In January 1837, the fatal news about the fatal wound received by Pushkin in a duel shocked Lermontov.
He is writing a poem " The Death of a Poet "(originally it did not have the last sixteen lines).
The poem was awarded the highest praise of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich.
On the day of Pushkin's death, Lermontov writes the last lines that played a fatal role in his own fate.
According to the supreme command, Lermontov was to leave St. Petersburg in the spring of 1837 and go to the Caucasus.
The expedition along the eastern shore of the Black Sea enriched Lermontov with various observations.
I was particularly struck by this old Georgian Military Road.
The advantages associated with it were known to him from childhood.
Now they are connected with the impressions of the magnificent nature of the Caucasus.
So the idea arose to transfer the action of the emi "Demon" to the Caucasus.
Lermontov returns to St. Petersburg as a different person.
His youthful optimism gives way to melancholy and even despair.
The poet compares the freedom loving people he met in the Caucasus with people of his own generation, whose future is " either empty or dark."
The generation of the 1830s portrays Lermontov in "Duma", the only lyrical work written by him after returning from the Caucasus.
Caucasian impressions were reflected in the final version of the poem " The Demon "(1838) and in the novel"The Hero of Our Time".
At the end of the 1830s, Lermontov began cooperation with the magazine" Otechestvennye Zapiski", where he published the stories" Bela "and" Fatalist", which were later included in the novel"Hero of Our Time".
The fame that came to Lermontov in the late 1830s does not please him.
The poet is annoyed that he is "coming into fashion".
His position in many respects resembles that of Pushkin in court circles.
The world did not like Lermontov for his audacity, carefulness and independence.
Lermontov was aware of this and had a presentiment that the time would come when he would be "persecuted with slander".
The image of the "hero of time", which was embodied in the lyrical element of Lermontov's poetry, is revealed in the novel "The Hero of Our Time" {1839) not only psychologically.
Lermontov's novel is a study of modern society, its moral atmosphere.
Pechorin, the hero of his time, differs from all the other characters in the novel in that he is the only one who knows how to judge not only those around him, but also to be critical of himself.
Lermontov presents the reader with the opportunity to study various aspects of life in their relation to the fate of an individual, and to consider the fate of a person against the background of general historical circumstances.
Lermontov, a psychologist, examines the processes of spiritual distortion of the personality by the environment, paying attention to the events that determine and change in the life of the characters.
This is a case of images of simple, "natural" people Kazbich, Bela, Maxim Maxim, "honest smugglers", and people of the Pechorin circle Grushnitsky, Werner, Mary.
The study of Pechorin's personality in the "dnevnik" chapters of the novel is based on the principle of mutual characterization of the characters.
Grushnitsky and Werner are not only heroes who have their own fate and character, but also their own mirror images of Pechorin's personality.
Lermontovsky Pechorin learns about himself by studying other people.
The image of the main character is revealed not only in action, actions, but also in the description of appearance.
Lermontov creates a surprisingly rich psychological portrait of Pechorin's appearance.
The portrait of the hero is created not only by expressive, but also by visual means.
In the description of the plasticity of Pechorin's movements, his figure, the expression of his eyes, the experience of Lermontov, a painter who was proficient with a brush, is felt.
The composition of the novel plays an important role in the formation of Lermontov's artistic conception.
The character of Pechorin in the first chapters of the novel is revealed from the outside, his personality is manifested in the actions, in the attitude of other characters towards him.
The diary contains the confession of the hero himself.
The chronological sequence of plot events is replaced by a psychological sequence of" recognition " of the hero by the reader.
In the novel "The Hero of Our Time", a deep psychological analysis of the vital spiritual life of an individual was combined with an analytical image of the era of the late 1830s, the period of moral losses and social rewards.
For a duel with de Barant, for impermissible poems ("The First of January") Lermontov was exiled to the Caucasus for the second time.
While the poet led a life full of adventures and adventures, in St. Petersburg they were preparing for the publication of his book 28 lyrical works written by the poet himself (1840).
Lermontov passionately dreams of retiring and engaging in literary activity.
But fate decreed otherwise.
A tragically absurd accident (a duel with N. Martynov) ended the poet's life on June 15, 1841.
The great poet of Russia, who would have been only 27 years old, has passed away.
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