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Home / Philosophy / Philosophy of Politics
Kirill Myamlin 9560
0
Ayn Rand Rosenbaum.
The Bardess of "liberal capitalism"
The Great American nonsense or " Who is John Galt?".
Ayn Rand, aka Alice Rosenbaum, the author of the national bestseller, which ranks second in sales in the United States after the Bible, believed that " The Cross is a symbol of torture.
I prefer the dollar sign a symbol of free trade and free mind"
Once, the Library of Congress conducted an extensive sociological survey, trying to determine which book has the most profound impact on Americans.
The first place, of course, was taken by the Bible, but the second was "the great American chicken ""Atlas Shrugged".
This "great work" was created by the "philosopher and writer" Ayn Rand, known in the United States as "Russian American Writer" - "Russian Writer " - or"American Leo Tolstoy in a skirt originally from St. Petersburg".
On the Runet website dedicated to the creativity and promotion of her ideas, it says: "Atlas Shrugged is a novel by our great compatriot Ayn Rand, who emigrated to the United States in the mid 20s."
Every year, her books are published in the world with a circulation of more than half a million copies, the total number has reached 25 million.
His first bestseller (the novel "The Source") Rand published it in 1943.
"Atlant" was released in 1957.
At the same time, interest in Rand's books did not fade, but it also increased almost exponentially (until the crisis broke out and sales of Marx's Capital went up) However impressive these figures may seem, they cannot convey the measure of the influence that Rand has on our contemporaries.
And we are not talking about ordinary readers, the third generation of the business and political elite is being brought up on Rand's books.
Suffice it to say that among those readers who publicly acknowledged her influence on the formation of their own views were Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan.
Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve System (1987-2007), one of the developers of the sewerage of issue money into derivatives and other virtual derivatives, considered one of the most influential figures in the United States, for many years was also a member of the "Collective" — Ayn Rand's circle, her consistent student and admirer.
For Hillary Clinton, Rand is a "role model".
And American presidents have built their foreign policy in full accordance with the ideas of the "brilliant writer"…
However impressive these figures may seem, they cannot convey the measure of the influence that Rand has on our contemporaries.
And we are not talking about ordinary readers, the third generation of the business and political elite is being brought up on Rand's books.
Suffice it to say that among those readers who publicly acknowledged her influence on the formation of their own views were Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan.
Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve System (1987-2007), one of the developers of the sewerage of issue money into derivatives and other virtual derivatives, considered one of the most influential figures in the United States, for many years was also a member of the "Collective" — Ayn Rand's circle, her consistent student and admirer.
For Hillary Clinton, Rand is a "role model".
And American presidents have built their foreign policy in full accordance with the ideas of the "brilliant writer"…
From an interview that Ayn Rand gave to Playboy magazine in 1964:
"Playboy": You said that today any free nation has a moral right, if not an obligation, to attack Soviet Russia, Cuba or any other "slave pen for cattle".
Is that true?
Ayn Rand: That's right.
A totalitarian state that violates the rights of its citizens is outside the law and does not dare to claim its own rights…
According to Newsweek, he defined the unprecedented influence of Ayn Rand on the socio political field of the country: "She is everywhere" (but now he writes " Can Ayn Rand Survive the Economic Crisis?").
It didnot end with America alone.
On April 25, 2000, at the presentation of the Russian translation of "Atlanta", the economic adviser to the President of the Russian Federation, Andrey Illarionov, said that Ayn Rand, "one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century and one of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century", is his idol.
To the journalist's question: "Did you introduce Vladimir Putin?
Or maybe he is already familiar with this book?", Illarionov replied: "The book was in the personal library of the President of the Russian Federation even before I turned out to be an adviser to the President."
M yes, a selection of books to Boris Nikolaevich was made by professionals wisely... (by the way, I wonder if this opus is observed in the office of Dmitry Anatolyevich – ask him on a personal forum)…
In addition, it turns out that a group of influential admirers of Ayn Rand's work until recently led an active lobbying of the Duma and government structures for the inclusion of the books of "our great compatriot" in the mandatory secondary school curriculum, (along with the Constitution of the Russian Federation)…
Shtetl Dao
You cling to your neighbor, and you have beautiful words for this.
But I'm telling you:
your love for your neighbor is your bad love for yourself.
Friedrich Nietzsche
Ayn Rand came to America at the age of 21 as a fully formed virgin, and it is reasonable to assume that she drew the fundamental ideas of her work from the life experience accumulated in her nominal homeland.
But in countless official and unofficial biographies, the Russian page of Rand is stated in three phrases: she was born in St. Petersburg, resolutely rejected the revolution, emigrated to the United States.
Zinovy Zakharovich Rosenbaum, originally from a poor little town of Brest Litovsk, still broke through the pale of settlement, successfully marrying Anna Borisovna Kaplan, a native of St. Petersburg.
Zinovy Zakharovich worked hard in the pharmaceutical business and in 1912 became the owner of a promising pharmacy on Znamenskaya Square at the end of Nevsky.
In this remarkable family, the future greatest American writer Ayn Rand was born on January 20, 1905, according to the metric — Alice Zinovievna Rosenbaum.
Alice met the February Revolution with an open heart.
But I didnot accept the October one.
The objective prerequisites for the above assessment were: in February, the tsar's privileges were rather abstractly deprived, and in October, quite specifically, a pharmacy was taken away from Zinovy Zakharovich — as they say, two big differences.
After the confiscation, the Rosenbaums went on the run, is it any wonder that the discomfort of nomadic life left an indelible imprint on the political views of the young Alice?
In the autumn of 1918, Zinovy Zakharovich realized that it would not be possible to return the pharmacy, gave up and took the family to Ukraine, then the Rozembaums moved to the Crimea.
Advanced biographers of Rand like to draw a parallel with the Nabokov family on the basis of the Crimean exodus, especially since Alice studied in St. Petersburg at a girls ' gymnasium together with Olga Nabokova, the writer's sister.
As Alexander Etkind writes: "The Nabokovs managed to escape to England by selling jewelry along the way, and the completely impoverished Rosenbaums had to return to Petrograd."
The hypothesis, to put it mildly, is absurd.
It's not even about jewelry (the merchant Zinovy Zakharovich would have been good if he hadnot saved a couple of gold pendants in medicine bottles for a rainy day!), but in the assessment of changes.
For the Nabokovs, the power of the Bolsheviks was an absolutely foreign and alien power, while the Rosenbaums had every reason to perceive it as blood.
That's why the Nabokovs sailed away on a ship, and Alice's family safely sat out the discomfort of the civil war and returned to Petersburg (but the exhibitions dedicated to Citizen Rosenbaum are now being held in the Nabokov Museum)…
While Alice, inwardly indignant at the Soviet government for the alienation of family property, was serenely completing her education at the Yevpatoria school No. 4, another fiery girl, Rosalia Samoilovna, a countryman of Zalkind, was catching half finished white officers all over the Crimea, whom she personally shot in the back of the head.
Hand in hand with the internationalist Belaya Kun and the chekist Feldman, the Countryman liquidated about 100 thousand people, for which she received the Order of the Red Banner in the spring of 1921.
Exactly at the same time, Alice Rosenbaum received a certificate, and her repressed family decided: it's time to go back to Petrograd!
On August 24, 1921, Alice entered the Petrograd State University.
In the same year, she first got acquainted with the books of Friedrich Nietzsche, whose influence on her work, noticeable even to the naked eye, has always been temperamentally denied.
The ideas of the German philosopher caused in the fragile soul of Alice that painful dichotomy, from which she never managed to get rid of until her death.
On the one hand, the young student of PSU hated the Bolsheviks for their "low rootless origin", worship of the stupid masses of the people and contempt for the human person.
On the other hand, she secretly admired the Ubermenschliche (superhuman) habits of revolutionary heroes, especially clearly manifested in the" exploits " of the valiant CHEKA/GPU.
All this inevitably resulted in a kind of sexually Freudian mess, from which the work of Ayn Rand and the philosophical theory of objectivism underlying it (the term was coined by the writer herself) were born.
These experiences almost literally formed the basis of Rand's first novel, We The Living (1936): the love story of a young noblewoman (!)
Kira Argunova (it must be understood, the prototype of Alice herself) to Lev Kovalensky, the son of the executed tsarist admiral, and Andrei Taganov, an investigator of the GPU (!)…
Throughout her American life, Ayn Rand carefully drove the reverse side of her enthusiastic admiration for the unbridled brutality of Bolshevism into the subconscious.
At the same time, she strongly emphasized her categorical rejection of Bolshevik collectivism and disregard for individual rights.
And of course, her name was under the strictest ban in the Soviet Union.
The most Bolshevik (in mentality and manners) public activist of America was nominally listed as a terrible anti communist and the worst enemy of the Soviet government.
Now the most interesting thing is that Alice Rosenbaum's ambivalent perception of Bolshevism itself was a common place for those who subconsciously felt an inner closeness to the roots of the revolution, but for one reason or another was rejected by this revolution or did not find a place in it.
Another thing is striking: the form in which the "removal" of this contradiction took place in the soul of the future bardessa Laissez Faire Capitalism.
A twenty year old graduate of Petrograd State University clearly formulated for herself the main enemy and sacredly carried his image to the end of her life.
Its attributes are: - collectivism, - altruism, - mysticism.
And although Ayn Rand has always claimed that she is fighting Bolshevism, it does not take a genius to guess: we are talking about Christianity.
It is in Christianity that the idea of self sacrifice (=altruism), community (=collectivism) and faith in the miraculous (=mysticism) are most expressively intertwined.
Everything that Ayn Rand wrote in her life, every line of her art books, political pamphlets and popularizing philosophical essays are imbued with boundless (truly Bolshevik!) hatred of Christianity, and only then, latently, to communism, totalitarianism and other "isms".
It's funny, but another, older netlenka also repeats this…
After graduating from the Faculty of Social Pedagogy, Alice Rosenbaum entered the script courses at the Institute of Theater, Music and Cinematography (LGITMiK, October 15, 1924) and at the same time deeply thought about leaving.
Alexander Etkind writes: "In 1926, she applied for an exit visa, and she was lucky.
She reached New York via Riga.
She is twenty one years old.
Alice's mother and father were left in denial.
They will die in St. Petersburg during the blockade."
Yes, this is such a tragedy, but Zinovy Zakharovich, Anna Borisovna and Alice's two younger sisters Natalia and Eleanor, of course, did not remain in any "refusal".
The Rosenbaums simply did not think about emigration: the former pharmacist, unlike his eldest daughter, did not rave about noble origin and therefore sincerely believed that the Soviet government was his native power, which quite reliably protected him from pogroms.
The Alice, his true intentions are kept in the strictest confidence: visa, she was given not for the change permanent, but only for short trips to visit relatives on the maternal line — Tailors...
M Yes, the late 80's – early 90's, sausage emigration under the guise of "political", "demshiza" hard banging out now russkoyazychnoi in the blogosphere about "the horrors of the scoop" and "bloody gebni"…
The Land of Great Opportunities
Take a look at our country.
This is the most noble country in the history of mankind.
A country of the greatest achievements, the greatest prosperity, the greatest freedom.
And this country did not arise on selfless service, not on sacrifice, not on self sacrifice and not on altruism.
This country was born on the right of a person to seek happiness.
Your own happiness.
His own, and no one else's.
Private, personal,
selfish motivation.
And what are the results!
Ayn Rand, about the USA
Already climbing on board the ocean liner, Alice knew for sure: there would be no way back.
She will never return from America to the realm of the"red Christian Boor".
Meanwhile, the task was not easy: the currency in the pocket is as big as a gulkin's nose, the knowledge of the language is zero (it's funny that Ayn Rand spoke English with a terrible accent until the end of her life), the visa is only for six months, the US emigrant quota is exhausted for seven years ahead.
Alice decided that if she could not catch on, she would go to Mexico or Canada, where she would patiently wait for her time.
Alice rejected the naive advice of Tailors — to spit on formalities and live quietly without a visa, as others do — with indignation and by no means romantic pragmatism: "I'm not going to live in America illegally.
One day I will become famous, and it will immediately be revealed."
The first step on the way to the conquest of the new world was the change of names.
Alice Rosenbaum was burned in the oven like the skin of a frog princess, and the divine Ayn Rand was born.
The official version says that "Alice was worried about the safety of her relatives who remained in the USSR"... right up to the mid 60s...
I kept my real name from all my admirers, supporters and even my closest friends, if not for the meticulous journalists.
But the pseudonym perfectly corresponded to all the literary characters of the future writer: they are militant and noble, emphatically of the Nordic type and noble origin — real valkyries of the Wagnerian sense.
However, the comparison is unfortunate, since Ayn Rand hated German composers not only Wagner, but also Mozart and Beethoven.
German philosophers also got it: she defined Immanuel Kant as "the first hippie in the history of mankind".
Here's a job for old man Freud…
From February to August, Ayn lived in Chicago with Tailors, excitedly fussing about extending her visa, after which she left for the device of fate in Hollywood.
The Dream Factory immediately turned to the non returnee in the right place, despite the fact that no change of names could eliminate the flaws in Ayn's appearance: a lack of waist, non euclidean limbs, lack of bust, neurotic thinness, hysterical character, finally, this impossible nose…
There were, however, eyes, about which so many enthusiastic memories were written!
Lev Rockwell, President of the Free Enterprise Institute: "They were the eyes of a reptile that could kill with its gaze."
Barbara Branden, a colleague and biographer of the writer: "The dark eyes seemed too big for her face.
Covered by dark lashes, they radiated an inhuman tension of thought.
They were the eyes of a being made of the power of clairvoyance."
These are the eyes that sunk into the soul of the famous director Cecil DeMille, who, on the second day (!) after Ayn's arrival in Hollywood, noticed a girl at the gate of his own studio.
Cecil invited Ayn into the car, took her to the set and an hour later offered her a job first as a statistician, and then as an employee of the script department.
Three days later, Ayn Rand's eyes burned through the heart of actor Frank O'Connor, whom she married three years later.
On March 13, 1931, she received an American passport and became naturalized.
In 1927, DeMille's studio closed, and Ayn had to get by as a waitress, a newspaper subscription saleswoman, and then a costume designer at the RKO Radio Pictures studio.
The next six years of energetic rotation in the cinema clip were spent on pushing through their own script.
In 1932, the studio "Universal" bought the "Red Pawn" (Red Pawn) for fifteen hundred dollars.
The script was never put into production, but the fee was enough to devote himself entirely to a professional career as a writer.
However, it did not work out: with the advent of the Great Depression, Frank's career quickly came to naught, never being revived again.
Until his death in 1979, he remained in the shadow of his great wife, content with the role of managing the family ranch in California and gardener florist.
In 1936, Ayn Rand wrote her first novel, "We, the Living".
She was lucky again: the book was published by a prominent publishing house "Macmillan".
But the love story of the Russian noblewoman Kira "for some reason" did not find a response in the hearts of the American philistine.
But in 1942, at the height of the Second World War, the novel "We, the Living" was filmed in fascist Italy.
Two films of the Roman studio "Scalara" were released at once — "We, the living" and "Goodbye, Kira".
Ayn Rand decided to publish her next work, the dystopian novel "The Anthem" (1938) with traces of the deep influence of Zamyatin and Huxley, in England.
Alas, the change of place did not affect the result: the work of the novice graphomaniac did not strike a chord in the hearts of the inhabitants of Albion.
Ayn Rand's genius was manifested in the conclusions that she made from the first failures: it's not about ideas, but form!
Her new compatriots did not care at all about the events in a strange and incomprehensible Russia, another thing is the American plot.
And thoughts can be left unchanged.
It was such a correct book that the novel "The Source" (1943) became, which brought Rand boundless fame.
The path to the stars was thorny - the "Source" was rejected one by one by 12 publishers.
It is not so much the unanimity of book businessmen that impresses, as the author's superhuman perseverance: this is what kind of character you need to have to swallow an insult 12 times in a row, wipe yourself and knock on the next door?
The thirteenth publishing house, Bobbs Merrill, was already ready to join the 12 previous ones and send the "Source" to the trash, but Archie Ogden, the young editor, lay down the bones: "If this is not the book that you need, I am not the editor that you need!"
The pathos of self sacrifice was so romantic that the director doubted his own literary taste.
The book was published, and literary critics immediately subjected the novel to a withering dressing down.
But ordinary readers raised the "Source" to heaven.
The circulation at that time was simply unthinkable: 100 thousand copies.
Already at the end of 1943, Hollywood bought the rights to the film adaptation for 50 thousand dollars.
Ayn Rand's pension contribution was made.
An amazing pattern: during the life of Ayn Rand, not a single positive review of her books was written!
However, the stronger the accusations of graphomania, dilettantism, ignorance and plagiarism sounded, the better her works sold out.
After the success of "The Source", Ayn Rand took up writing the main work of her life — the novel "Atlas Shrugged".
12 years and 3 million 106 thousand 261 characters were spent on the creation of the net film.
The novel was published on October 10, 1957 and since then has firmly entered the "treasury of American culture".
Despite the derogatory reviews and the unaffordable volume (1,168 pages typed in small print), readers eagerly reveled in the characters, the plot and, most importantly," objectivism " — the writer's independent philosophy.
Circles of ardent fans and propagandists of Rand's ideas appeared everywhere.
The activists of the "inner circle" (the same "Collective") — Nathaniel and Barbara Branden have established a special institute (Nathaniel Branden Institute), which sponsors courses and lectures on objectivism from ocean to ocean.
In the late 50s, the future financial genius of America, Alan Greenspan, also got into the "Collective" (he was married to a school friend of Barbara Branden).
Slowly, the figure of Ayn Rand began to undergo mythologization and acquire cult forms, which, however, only contributed to the growth of her popularity.
Netlenka squared her shoulders
"By raising the dollar sign as our symbol, a symbol of free trade and free minds, we
we are starting our movement in order to snatch your homeland from the hands of feeble savages,
to whom its nature, meaning and splendor have remained unknown."
Ayn Rand, "Atlas Shrugged"
The novel "Atlas Shrugged" itself exceeds the volume of "War and Peace" by exactly one and a half times.
For the first thousand pages, various characters in various circumstances constantly ask each other: "Who is John Galt?" and shrug their shoulders in bewilderment.
Fifty pages before the end, John Gault still materializes and immediately becomes the main character.
As for the plot, it resembles the development of the production theme in the books of socialist realism.
With a minus sign.
In Atlanta, Rand describes a "strike of capitalists" who refuse to live according to socialist laws and leave the world.
This leads to the collapse of civilization and proves that people who create business enterprises are just holding the world on their shoulders.
It is not surprising that for many entrepreneurs, this greatest work of American literature has really become a second Bible.
Rand considers any form of state redistribution of wealth immoral.
The author of" Atlanta " speaks not only about the unconditional moral superiority of capitalism over any other form of economy.
She sharply criticizes the main right - wing and left wing political parties, which have more or less abandoned the free market and created a climate of dependence and dependence of people on each other.
Here is what the main character of the work, John Galt, says to the population of America about the strike of leading industrialists:
"There is no need to shout that it is our duty to serve you.
We do not recognize this debt.
Donot shout that you need us.
We do not consider the need to be a reasonable requirement.
Donot shout that you own us.
This is not true.
Donot beg us to come back.
We are going on strike – we, the people who live by reason.
We are on strike against self sacrifice.
We are striking against the dogma of undeserved rewards and unrewarded duties.
We are on strike against the doctrine that man's pursuit of happiness is evil.
We are on strike against the teaching that life is sinful."
In the third volume, Rand formulates a moral credo: "I swear on my life that I will not live for someone else and will not ask someone else to live for me."
Do you know capitalism?
Oh, you donot know capitalism! (sem40 website)
"The task of human consciousness is to perceive reality, not to create it.
The human mind is his only instrument of knowledge.
A is always A."
Ayn Rand
"Or a new morality based on rational personal gain, and as a result —
freedom, justice, progress and human happiness on earth.
Or —
the old morality of altruism, and as a result — slavery, violence,
incessant terror and furnaces for sacrifices."
Ayn Rand
The stunning success of Ayn Rand cannot be explained only by the well chosen plot of the books.
The dog is buried in "objectivism", which, according to the former adviser to the President of the Russian Federation Andrey Illarionov, puts Rand in the ranks of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century.
But do not take the academic criticism of Alice Rosenbaum's "philosophy".
Her merit is that she was the first to lower philosophy to the level of understanding of the layman.
Rather, she did not omit anything, because her own level of philosophical attitude has always been beyond the academic tradition.
Ayn Rand is not Zarathustra, not understood by ordinary people, but a rope dancer who breaks the sincere applause of the market square.
Peter Schwartz, chairman of the board of the Ayn Rand Institute, very accurately defined the contribution of his patroness to the development of American civilization: "Ayn Rand gives people a fundamental philosophy of life, a philosophy based on reason
