For many centuries, people did not know what water is, and how it appeared on the planet.
Until the XIX century, people did not know that water is a chemical compound.
It was considered an ordinary chemical element.
After that, for more than a hundred years, everyone and everywhere believed that water was a compound described by the only possible formula H 2 O.
In 1932, a sensation spread around the world: in addition to ordinary water, there is also heavy water in nature.
Today it is known that there can be 135 isotopic varieties of water.
The composition of water, even completely freed from mineral and organic impurities, is complex and diverse.
This "simplest compound" is so difficult - water.
All the variety of properties of water and the unusual nature of their manifestation is ultimately determined by the physical nature of these atoms, the way they are combined into a molecule and the grouping of the resulting molecules.
Constantly in contact with all kinds of substances, water is actually always a solution of various, often very complex composition.
It manifests itself as a universal solvent.
Its dissolving action, to one extent or another, is subject to both solids, liquids, and gases.
Researchers reveal more and more subtle and complex mechanisms of the" internal organization " of the water mass.
The study of water provides more and more new facts, deepening and complicating our ideas about the world around us.
The development of these ideas helps us to understand the properties of water and the peculiarities of its interaction with other substances.
Water is considered the most difficult of all substances studied by physicists and chemists.
The chemical composition of the waters can be the same, and their effect on the body is different, because each water was formed under specific conditions.
And if life is animated water, then, just like life, water has many faces and its characteristics are infinite.
Water, at first glance, is a simple chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, but it is a universal solvent of a significant number of substances, so there is no chemically pure water in nature.
The properties of the solvent are especially pronounced in seawater, almost all substances are dissolved in it.
About seventy elements of the Periodic Table are contained in it in detectable quantities.
Even rare and radioactive elements are found in the waters of the seas and oceans.
The largest amounts contain chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium, bromine, carbon, strontium, boron.
Gold alone is dissolved in the waters of the ocean at 3 kg per capita of the Earth.
According to the content of substances dissolved in it, water is divided into 3 classes: fresh, salty and brines.
Fresh water is of the greatest importance in everyday life.
Although water covers three quarters of the Earth's surface and its reserves are huge and are constantly supported by the water cycle in nature, the problem of providing fresh water in many areas of the globe has not been solved and is becoming more acute with the development of scientific and technological progress.
Natural water is never completely clean.
Rainwater is the cleanest, but it also contains insignificant amounts of various impurities that it captures from the air.
The presence of various substances in the water indicates its high solvent capacity.
This is the main property of water.
All practical human activity, since the most ancient times, is associated with the use of water and aqueous solutions for cooking and for other everyday needs.
The role of water in the life of our planet is amazing and, oddly enough, has not yet been fully revealed.
The oceans that cover the Earth are a single huge kind of thermostat that does not allow the Earth to overheat in summer, and in winter it constantly supplies the continents with heat.
The water surface of the planet absorbs excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, otherwise the Earth would have overheated due to the"greenhouse effect".
It is interesting and, it turns out, very important that, unlike other substances, water does not condense when freezing, but expands.
The ice like water molecules are arranged in such a way that large voids appear between them, and therefore the ice is loose, that is, lighter than liquid water, and therefore does not sink.
Let's imagine for a moment that water would not have this extremely rare property.
What could have happened?
In this case, life on our planet could not even arise.
Ice, as soon as it appeared on the surface of the reservoir, like any other solid substance, would immediately sink to the bottom, and then not only ponds and rivers, but also oceans would freeze through.
water molecule is the molecular structure of water.
Analysis of the data obtained from the absorption spectra showed that three atoms in a water molecule form an isosceles triangle with two hydrogen atoms at the base and oxygen at the top: The valence angle HOH is 104.31°.
The hydrogen atoms are so deeply "embedded" in the oxygen atom that the molecule turns out to be almost spherical.
The freezing and melting point of water is 0° C, and the boiling point is 100° C.
A thick layer of water has a blue color, which is due not only to its physical properties, but also to the presence of suspended particles of impurities.
The water of mountain rivers is greenish due to the suspended particles of calcium carbonate contained in it.
Clean water is a bad conductor of electricity.
The compressibility of water is very small.
The water density is maximum at 4° C.
This is due to the properties of the hydrogen bonds of its molecules.
If you leave water in an open container, it will gradually evaporate - all its molecules will pass into the air.
At the same time, the water in a tightly sealed vessel evaporates only partially, i.e., at a certain pressure of water vapor, an equilibrium is established between the water and the air above it.
The vapor pressure in equilibrium depends on the temperature and is called the saturated vapor pressure (or its elasticity).
At a normal pressure of 760 mm Hg, water boils at 100° C, and at an altitude of 2900 m above sea level, the atmospheric pressure drops to 525 mm Hg and the boiling point is equal to 90° C. Evaporation occurs even from the surface of snow and ice, which is why wet laundry dries in the cold.
The viscosity of water decreases rapidly with increasing temperature and turns out to be 8 times less at 100° C than at 0° C.
Physical and chemical information properties of water
The basic physical and chemical properties of water affect all the processes in which water takes part.
The most important, in our opinion, are the following properties.
* 1. Surface tension* is the degree of adhesion of water molecules to each other.
Organic and inorganic compounds are dissolved in liquid media containing water, so the surface tension of the water we consume is of great importance.
Any fluid in the body contains water and, in one way or another, participates in reactions.
Water in the body plays the role of a solvent, provides a transport system and serves as a habitat for our cells.
Therefore, the lower the surface tension, respectively, the higher the solvent capacity of water, the better the water performs its main functions.
Including the role of the transport system.
The surface tension determines the wettability of water and its solvent properties.
The lower the surface tension, the higher the solvent properties, the higher the fluidity.
All three values - surface tension, fluidity and solubility are related to each other.
* 2. Acid base balance of water.
* The main vital media (blood, lymph, saliva, intercellular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.) have a slightly alkaline reaction.
When they shift to the acidic side, the biochemical processes change, the body becomes acidified.
This leads to the development of diseases.
*3.
Redox potential of water.
* This is the ability of water to enter into biochemical reactions.
It is determined by the presence of free electrons in water.
This is a very important indicator for the human body.
* 4. Water hardness* - the presence of various salts in it.
* 5. Water temperature * determines the rate of biochemical reactions.
* 6. Water mineralization.
* The presence of macro - and microelements in water is necessary for the vital activity of the human body.
Body fluids are electrolytes replenished with minerals, including at the expense of water.
* 7. Water ecology* - chemical pollution and biogenic pollution.
Purity of water - the presence of impurities, bacteria, heavy metal salts, chlorine, etc. in it.
* 8. Water structure.
* Water is a liquid crystal.
The dipoles of the water molecule are oriented in space in a certain way, connecting into structural conglomerates.
This allows the liquid to form a single bioenergoinformational environment.
When water is in the state of a solid crystal (ice), the molecular lattice is rigidly oriented.
When melting, rigid structural molecular bonds are broken.
And some of the molecules, being released, form a liquid medium.
In the body, all the fluid is structured in a special way.
* 9. Water information memory.
* Due to the structure of the crystal, information coming from the biofield is recorded.
This is one of the very important properties of water, which is of great importance for all living things.
*10.
Hado* - wave energy of water.
