Winter Olympic Games 2014
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XXII Winter Olympic Games
The host city is Sochi, Russia The participating countries are 88[1] The number of athletes is 2800 [2] Medals are awarded 98 sets
in 7 sports
(15 disciplines) The opening ceremony on February 7 Was opened by Vladimir Putin The closing ceremony on February 23 Olympic Flame Vladislav Tretyak
Irina Rodnina Olympic Oath Ruslan Zakharov (athletes)
Vyacheslav Vedenin (judges)
Anastasia Popkova (coaches) Stadium Olympic stadium"Fisht"
Sochi 2014
Election of the Application (Sochi application) Organizing Committee (Ambassadors) Objects (Olimpstroy) Mascots Torch Relay Schedule Opening Ceremony (Parade of Nations and flag bearers) Diary Medal standings (winners) Records Closing Ceremony (parade of nations and flag bearers) Problems and criticism
Paralympic Games Torch Relay Opening ceremony Medal standings (winners) Closing ceremony
IOC/IPC • ROC/PKR • OKOPS
Olympic and Russian flags at the closing ceremony of the 2014 Olympic Games
The 2014 Winter Olympics (English: 2014 Winter Olympics, French: Jeux Olympiques d'hiver de 2014, official name XXII Olympic Winter Games) was an international sports event held in the Russian city of Sochi from February 7 to 23, 2014.
The capital of the 2014 Olympic Games was chosen during the 119th session of the IOC in Guatemala on July 4, 2007[⇨].
The Olympic Games were held on the territory of Russia for the second time (before that, the Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow in 1980), and for the first time — the Winter Games.
At the end of the Olympic Games, the Winter Paralympic Games were held at the same facilities.
The Sochi Games are the twenty second (XXII) winter Games in a row (it is symbolic that the 1980 Games in Moscow were also the twenty second summer Games).
Compared to the 2010 Games in Vancouver, the number of competitions in various disciplines has been increased by 12, a total of 98 sets of medals were awarded[⇨].
Content
1 Election of the host city 2 Symbols 2.1 Transfer of the Olympic flag of Sochi 2.2 Emblem logo 2.3 Mascots 2.4 Slogan 2.5 Visual image 2.6 Olympic Clock 2.7 Olympic Flame 2.8 Olympic medals 2.9 Coins and banknotes
3 Opening Ceremony 4 Competitions 4.1 Schedule 4.2 Participating countries 4.3 Medal standings
5 Closing Ceremony 6 Organization of the event 6.1 Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee 6.2 IOC Coordination Commission for the Sochi Games 6.3 Financing 6.3.1 Expenses for the preparation and Holding of the Games 6.3.2 Partners of the Games
7 Results of the Olympiad in the assessment of specialists, mass media, participants, spectators 7.1 To the results of the Olympic Games in Sochi: facts, results, estimates 7.2 Opinions of the organizers 7.3 Opinions of participants 7.4 Opinions of fans and spectators
8 Sports and infrastructure facilities built for the Olympics 8.1 Sports facilities 8.2 Infrastructure 8.2.1 Energy development 8.2.2 Transport infrastructure development 8.2.3 Communications and telecommunications development 8.2.4 Hotels 8.2.5 Other facilities
9 Olympiad 2014 in culture 9.1 Cultural Olympiad "Sochi 2014" 9.2 In cinema 9.3 In philately and Numismatics
10 Problems, criticism and scandals in connection with the Olympics 10.1 Environmental problems 10.2 Criticism of the costs of preparing and holding the Olympics 10.3 Coverage of the costs of the Olympics by the British magazine The Economist 10.4 The scandal surrounding the interview of FIS President Jean Franco Casper to Swiss television 10.5 LGBT people 10.6 Protests against the Sochi Olympics 10.7 Scandals 10.8 Winter Time 10.9 Injuries
11 See also 12 Notes 13 References
Elections of the city of holding[edit / edit wiki text]
Play a media file
Vladimir Putin's speech at the 119th session of the International Olympic Committee
The announcement of the results of the vote on the choice of Sochi as the capital of the 2014 Winter Olympics was met with jubilation.
The square in front of the Winter Theater on the night of July 5, 2007
On June 22, 2006, IOC President Jacques Rogge named three candidate cities out of seven applicants.
They were Sochi, Salzburg and Pyeongchang.
City Country Candidates for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games Sochi Russia Russia Salzburg Austria Austria Pyeongchang Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Other candidates Haka Spain Spain Alma Ata Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Sofia Bulgaria Bulgaria Borjomi Georgia Georgia
On July 4, 2007 (it was already July 5 in Russia), the next 119th session of the IOC was held in Guatemala, at which the host city of the Olympics was chosen.
IOC members who did not participate in the voting (14 in the first round, 11 in the second[e 1])[3] Representatives of the candidate countries for hosting the Games[e 2] (8, 5[e 1]) IOC President
Vitaly Smirnov Shamil Tarpishchev Alexander Popov Leo Wallner Thomas Bach Walter Troger Lee Gong Hee Park Yong Sun
Jacques Rogge
Missing (5)
Nawaf Fahd Abdel Faisal Barbara Kendall Nora de Lichtenstein Randir Singh Pernilla Wiberg
↑ 1 2 According to the Olympic Charter, representatives from Germany cannot participate in the voting, since one of the venues of the competition is located in Germany (Koenigsee) at the request of Salzburg.
Представители Representatives of Germany and Austria did not participate only in the first round of voting, before the departure of Salzburg
Immediately before the vote, presentations of the candidate cities were held.
Sochi was represented by athletes: Svetlana Zhurova, Evgeny Plushenko, Mikhail Terentyev (Paralympian) and Alexander Popov; sports functionaries: Vyacheslav Fetisov, Elena Anikina, Shamil Tarpishchev, Dmitry Chernyshenko and Vitaly Smirnov; politicians: Vladimir Putin, Alexander Zhukov, German Gref, Alexander Tkachev, Viktor Kolodyazhny.
In the first round of voting, which was attended by 97 participants from the IOC countries, Salzburg, Austria, was eliminated.
In the second round, the Sochi bid won, winning 4 votes from Pyeongchang (51 against 47).
City Country 1st round 2nd round Sochi Russia Russia 34 51 Pyeongchang Republic of Korea Republic of Korea 36 47 Salzburg Austria Austria 25 —
At 4:47 Moscow time in Guatemala, Leonid Tyagachev, as the president of the Russian Olympic Committee, signed a contract with the IOC to host the 2014 Games in Sochi.
Together with him, the governor of the Krasnodar Territory, Alexander Tkachev, and the mayor of Sochi, Viktor Kolodyazhny, signed the signatures from the Russian side[4].
Symbolism[edit / edit wiki text]
Transfer of the Olympic flag of Sochi[edit / edit wiki text]
The style of this section is not encyclopedic or violates the norms of the Russian language.
The section should be corrected according to the stylistic rules of Wikipedia.
On March 1, 2010, at the closing ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver at 5:25 Moscow time, the President of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge, handed the Olympic flag to the Mayor of Sochi, Anatoly Pakhomov.
The anthem of Russia was performed by the Moscow State Academic Chamber Choir (conductor Vladimir Minin), and the flag of Russia was raised over the stadium of the capital of the 2010 Olympic Games.
After that, at 5:30, the solemn presentation of Sochi, the capital of the 2014 Olympic Games, began.
The introductory part opened with the symbolic Tunguska meteorite, which, as is known, arrived in the year when Russia (at that time — the Russian Empire) was first represented at the Olympic Games.
Then ice crystals began to grow from the ground, a symbolic race was launched, the cosmonaut launched a satellite, and a Russian troika raced through the stadium.
The monument of a Worker and a collective farmer appeared against the background of the bridges and the Monument to the "Conquerors of Space".
A ballerina hovers on a snowboarding board in the moonlit night sky.
Natalia Vodianova raises a transparent ball with the logo of the 2014 Olympic Games, blows on the screen and a frosty pattern appears with the inscription in English "Welcome to Sochi".
Russian representation of Sochi 2014 at the closing ceremony of the 2010 Olympic Games
The main part of the performance lasted 8 minutes, as is customary at the closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games.
Snow White, surrounded by seven dwarfs, touches a transparent ball with a magic wand, and people inside transparent spheres begin to move around the stadium.
At first, they move slowly, but gradually switch to a rapid run.
The audience at the stadium is transported to Moscow, where on Red Square the Mariinsky Theater Symphony Orchestra conducted by Valery Gergiev performs the music of George Sviridov for the movie "Time, Forward!" inside the glowing Olympic rings.
After that, the music of the 3rd part of Tchaikovsky's 6th Symphony sounded at the stadium, and the artists of the combined troupe of the Mariinsky (prima ballerina Ulyana Lopatkina), the Bolshoi and Novosibirsk theaters, who create symbols of Olympic sports in dance, they perform in colorful costumes of various eras of Russian history: the times of the Russian Empire, the Great Patriotic War and in modern costumes.
The dolphin, taken from under the water from below (an interesting "window" effect is noticeable, observed at this shooting angle), takes the audience to the shore of the moonlit Black Sea, where the famous Tatiana Navka and Roman Kostomarov perform in the open air on the ice.
At this time, at the stadium of the 2010 Olympic Games, lines of text with the main facts about Sochi are moving on vertical billboards.
A ball rolls out on the stage, inside of which is a glowing Russian troika and a symbol of science.
On the balloon, the famous opera singer Maria Gulegina sings an aria from the opera "Prince Igor" in a Firebird costume.
People symbolizing the past, present and future of Russian sports, famous champions Vladislav Tretyak and Irina Rodnina, Evgeny Plushenko and Alexander Ovechkin, children of famous athletes Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergey Grinkov, children of Igor Larionov come to the stadium under the volleys of festive fireworks.
They greet the spectators at the stadium, in the center of the stadium there are stripes of the colors of the flag of Russia.
The performance ends with the appearance of a giant logo of the 2014 Olympic Games at the stadium.
Then the flag was delivered to the Krusenstern sailing ship and delivered to Sochi via Acapulco and Mexico City on March 25, 2010
Logo logo[edit / edit wiki text]
The emblem of the Olympic Games on a commemorative coin (25 rubles) two thousand eleven
On December 1, 2009, the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee presented the emblem (logo) Games of 2014[5].
The ceremony of presenting the emblem took place on Red Square in Moscow, where a large ice rink was filled in[6].
The hosts were sports journalist Kirill Nabutov and Olympic champion in sports ice dancing Tatyana Navka.
With a minute of silence, the participants paid tribute to the memory of those who died in the crash of the Nevsky Express, IOC President Jacques Rogge, representatives of the organizing committee and the presenters expressed their condolences to the families of the victims.
Then three time Olympic and six time world champion in alpine skiing Jean Claude Killy, President of the Organizing Committee of the Games Dmitry Chernyshenko, representative of the Russian government Dmitry Kozak spoke.
The ice show of the world and European champion Ilya Averbukh was attended by Olympic champions and prize winners of the Olympic Games, world and European champions Vladislav Tretyak, Vyacheslav Fetisov, Sergey Makarov, Roman Kostomarov, Alexey Yagudin, Irina Slutskaya, world champions Albena Denkova and Maxim Stavisky, and other famous athletes.
At this time, Russian pop stars sang the Sochi anthem on the stage, Eurovision champion 2008 Dima Bilan, Eurovision champion 2009 Alexander Rybak, Valeria, Larisa Dolina, MakSim and other famous artists performed.
The logo of the Games was presented under colorful fireworks.
A Moscow — Krasnaya Polyana teleconference was held, where TV presenter Andrey Malakhov presented the emblem to the Sochi residents.
Lev Leshchenko and Alsu sang a song about the Olympic bear, and footage of the Olympic Games in Moscow was shown on the big screen.
Mascots[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Mascots of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games
Sochi residents preferred a dolphin on skis as the mascot of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games[7] by Yaroslavl artist Olga Belyaeva.
The voting was held on March 2, 2008, together with the election of the President of Russia at all polling stations of the city among 270 thousand voters.
However, after the voting results were made public, a representative of the Sochi 2014 organizing committee noted that the official mascot of the Winter Games would be announced no earlier than 2011[8].
Russian postal block, 2012
On September 1, 2010, the organizing committee of the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi, together with the newspaper Izvestia, announced an all Russian competition of mascots of the Games, in which anyone could take part.
In total, 24,048 works were sent to the competition from participants from all regions of Russia and citizens living abroad.
A vote was held on the official website of the mascots of the 2014 Olympic Games[9].
On December 21, the jury selected 10 options for the Olympic Games and 3 for the Paralympic Games for further voting and approval.
Also, since February 2, 2011, an alternative website[10] has been working with voting for the selected finalists, where by February 26, 2011, the three most popular were determined as a Polar Bear, Santa Claus, a Snow Leopard, and a Hare, a Ray and a Snowflake were at the end of the list.
From the final versions, the mascots were finally chosen on February 26, 2011, when voting in the TV show "Talismania".
The final was held on Channel One.
The jury announced three winners at once, all white, corresponding to the winter character of the Olympics, which became mascots[11]: A White bear, a Snow Leopard, a Bunny.
Commenting on the election results, Dmitry Chernyshenko, President of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, noted:
Today, the Sochi Games have received their own symbols — for the first time in the history of the Olympic Movement, they were chosen by the whole country!
According to the results of the voting, it was decided that the winners of the competition according to the Olympic principle will be those who entered the top three in the popular vote.
These characters are the choice of our entire country.
These are a White bear, a Bunny and a Leopard, and they have already become part of the history of the world Olympic movement!
According to the announced selection of Paralympic athletes, Ray and Snowflake became the mascots of the Paralympic Games.
Slogan[edit / edit wiki text]
Implementation of the visual image of Sochi 2014 in the design of transport, clothing of volunteers
On September 24, 2012, exactly 500 days before the start of the Winter Olympic Games, Dmitry Chernyshenko called the slogan of the upcoming competitions: "Hot.
Winter.
Yours."
In English, the slogan sounds like this: Hot.
Cool.
Yours.
It should be noted that in English the slogan carries an additional subtext, since the word cool, in addition to the main meaning of "cold" (that is, winter), has a colloquial meaning of "cool, cool".
According to Chernyshenko, this phrase in three words allows us to show all the diversity and character of Russia.
The word "hot" simultaneously refers to the venue of the games — Sochi and to the "intensity of sports passions".
The word "winter" means the time of the year when the games are held, as well as the image that arises in the minds of foreigners when they mention Russia.
"Yours" symbolizes that the upcoming Games will be "Everyone's Olympiad"[12].
Visual image[edit / edit wiki text]
The visual image of the Olympic Games in Sochi was developed by BOSCO and donated to the Organizing Committee of the Olympics.
This is a "patchwork quilt", which is a combination of 16 ornaments of national crafts of Russia into a single concept: Vologda lace, gzhel, Zhostovsky painting, Kuban patterns, Kubachinsky patterns, Mezen painting, Pavloposadsky shawls, Palekh miniature, Rakul painting, Russian calico, Severodvinsk painting, three — sided carving, patterns of Olympic clothes of the Russian national team ("firebird feather"), uftyuzhskaya painting, khokhloma, Yakut patterns[13].
Olympic Clock[edit / edit wiki text]
Exactly 1000 days before the start of the Olympic Games in Sochi, a countdown clock was launched in many Russian cities, according to which you can watch how many days, hours, minutes and seconds are left before the opening of the Olympic Games.
Thus, the Olympic clock began counting down in Nizhny Novgorod, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Pyatigorsk, Rostov on Don, St. Petersburg and Moscow.
The installation of Omega watches caused a lot of controversy, especially in Nizhny Novgorod[14].
The Olympic Flame[edit / edit wiki text]
Ban Ki moon and Thomas Bach carried the Olympic torch relay through the streets of Sochi on the eve of the Olympics
Main article: Olympic Torch Relay of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games
The Olympic Torch Relay began in Moscow on October 7, 2013 and ended in Sochi on February 7, 2014.
According to representatives of the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games, the relay was supposed to be the longest in history — 123 days — and the longest — more than 40 thousand kilometers.
The Olympic flame was carried through the capitals of all 83 subjects of the Russian Federation.
The relay consisted of four stages.
The first one began on October 7, 2013 in Moscow, where the fire was delivered from Athens.
Then, during the rally, he was transported to St. Petersburg.
Transport for this stage was provided by both public and private companies[15].
For 23 days, the fire visited 15 major cities of the Central and Northwestern Federal Districts.
At the second stage, the torch was delivered by plane from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok, from where it traveled to the North and Far East of the country for 30 days.
Returning to Vladivostok, the fire went on a third trip — by train to Elista.
During the 58 days that the organizers took to this stage, residents of 45 cities saw the Olympic flame.
At the final, fourth stage, the torch of the Olympic flame by car from Elista through 10 cities in the south of the country arrived in Sochi on February 7, 2014.
During his journey, the Olympic flame visited the deepest lake in the world — Baikal, Elbrus and the North Pole.
In addition, the fire was sent into space[16].
14 thousand torchbearers took part in the Olympic torch relay[17].
According to the Vedomosti newspaper, the organizing committee of the games decided to purchase 16 thousand torches.
The Krasnoyarsk Machine building Plant was engaged in the production of torches.
The cost of one torch is estimated at 12,942 rubles.
Based on information from Vedomosti sources, the total contract for the purchase of torches may amount to about 207 million rubles[18].
Olympic medals[edit / edit wiki text]
Samples of medals
On May 30, 2013, in St. Petersburg, in the presence of IOC President Jacques Rogge, the design of the medals of the Winter Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games in Sochi was unveiled[19].
In total, about 1,300 awards will be made, which is a record figure for the Winter Olympic Games.
Each medal will have images of the Olympic rings on the front side, the type of the competitive Olympic program will be cast in English on the reverse side, and the official Sochi 2014 logo will also be depicted.
The weight of each medal will range from 460 to 531 grams.
The Paralympic medals will weigh from 585 to 686 grams.
The production of Olympic awards was entrusted to the company "Adamas" [20].
Coins and banknotes[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Sochi 2014 (coins)
Commemorative 100 ruble banknote dedicated to the 2014 Winter Olympic Games
The Bank of Russia has issued commemorative banknotes and coins made of precious metals (silver and gold) and base metals (copper nickel alloy) dedicated to the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi[21][22].
Opening ceremony[edit / edit wiki text]
The exit of the Russian national team at the opening ceremony
Main article: Opening Ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games
The opening ceremony of the games was held at the Fisht Stadium, starting on February 7 at 20: 14 Moscow time[23].
The total duration of the show was about three hours[24].
The ceremony was watched by three billion people.
The broadcast was provided by 140 TV cameras, and in total more than 12 thousand people were involved in the preparation of the event[25].
The opening of the Olympics was attended by the heads of 44 states, more than at the Olympics in Vancouver and Turin combined[26].
During the show, there was an overlap — one of the five giant snowflakes transforming into Olympic rings did not open.
In Russia, these shots only got on the air for a few seconds and were quickly replaced by shots from the rehearsal of the ceremony, where all the snowflakes were revealed normally[27][28][29][30][31].
This episode was subsequently played at the closing ceremony of the games[32][33].
Competitions[edit / edit wiki text]
Fifteen winter sports disciplines, combined into seven Olympic sports, were included in the program of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games.
This includes three skating types, six ski types, two types of bobsleigh, as well as four separate sports.
A total of 98 sets of medals were awarded, which is 12 more than it was in Vancouver 2010: on April 6, 2011, the IOC Executive Committee included five new competitions:
ski jumping (women), team competitions in figure skating, relay in luge, halfpipe in freestyle (men and women), mixed relay in biathlon.
On July 4 of the same year, at a meeting in Durban (South Africa), it was decided to include three new disciplines in the Sochi 2014 program[34]:
slopestyle in freestyle (men and women), slopestyle in snowboarding (men and women), parallel slalom in snowboarding (men and women).
The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of sets of medals awarded in a particular discipline.
1. Biathlon (11) (more details)
2.
Bobsleigh (3) (more details)
Skeleton (2) (more details)
3.
Curling (2) (more details)
4.
Skating sports
Speed skating (12) (more details) Figure skating (5) (more details) Short track (8) (more details)
5.
Ski sports
Alpine skiing (10) (more details) Cross country skiing (3) (more details) Cross country skiing (12) (more details) Ski jumping (4) (more details) Freestyle (10) (more details) Snowboard (10) (more details)
6.
Luge (4) (more details)
7 Ice Hockey (2) (more details)
Schedule[edit / edit wiki text]
Source (English), PDF
TSO Opening Ceremony ● Qualification No.
Finals of competitions PV Demonstration performances TS Closing ceremony
February 06
Thu 07
Fri 08
Sat 09
Sun 10
Mon 11
Tue 12
Wed 13
Thu 14
Fri 15
Sat 16
Sun 17
Mon 18
Tue 19
Wed 20
Thu 21
Fri 22
Sat 23
Sun Medals Ceremony TSO CL Biathlon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 bobsleigh ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 3 Ski sports 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Curling ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 speed Skating 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ● 2 12 Nordic combined 1 1 1 3 Ski race 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 Jumping ● 1 1 ● 1 1 4 Luge ● 1 ● 1 1 1 4 Skeleton ● 1 1 2 Snowboard ● 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 10 figure skating ● ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 PV 5 freestyle ● 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 10 Hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● 1 2 short track 1 1 2 1 3 8 Medals per day 5 8 5 8 6 6 6 7 4 5 7 8 6 7 7 3 98 medal only 5 13 18 26 32 38 44 51 55 60 67 75 81 88 95 98 February 06 Thu 07 Fri 08 Sat 09 Sun 10 Mon 11 Tue 12 Wed 13 Thu 14 Fri 15 Sat 16 Sun 17 Mon 18 Tue 19 Wed 20 Thu 21 Fri 22 Sat 23 Sun Medals
Participating countries[edit / edit wiki text]
88 countries are represented at the Olympic Games in Sochi[1], which is a new Olympic record.
For the first time, six new countries took part in the Winter Olympic Games held in Sochi: Malta, Paraguay, East Timor, Togo, Tonga and Zimbabwe[35].
Participating National Olympic Committees
Australia Austria Azerbaijan Albania US Virgin Islands Andorra Argentina Armenia Belarus Belgium Bermuda Bulgaria Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil British Virgin Islands Great Britain Hungary Venezuela East Timor Germany Hong Kong Greece
Georgia Denmark Dominica Zimbabwe Israel India[36][37][38] Iran Ireland Iceland Spain Italy Kazakhstan Cayman Islands Canada Cyprus Kyrgyzstan China Latvia Lebanon Lithuania Liechtenstein Luxembourg
Macedonia Malta Mexico Morocco Moldova Monaco Mongolia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Norway Pakistan Paraguay Peru Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia
USA Tajikistan Thailand Taiwan Togo Tonga Turkey Uzbekistan Ukraine Philippines Finland France Croatia Montenegro Czech Republic Chile Switzerland Sweden Estonia South Korea Jamaica Japan
Medal standings[edit / edit wiki text]
Awarding of Russian skiers - winners in the 50 km freestyle mass start during the closing ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games
Main article: Medal standings at the 2014 Winter Olympics
The largest number of medals in their category is highlighted in bold; the host country is also highlighted.
Total number of medals Total Place Country Gold Silver Bronze 1 Russia 13 11 9 33 2 Norway 11 5 10 26 3 Canada 10 10 5 25 4 USA 9 7 12 28 5 Netherlands 8 7 9 24 6 Germany 8 6 5 19 7 Switzerland 6 3 2 11 8 Belarus 5 0 1 6 9 Austria 4 8 5 17 10 France 4 4 7 15 Total 99 97 99 295
Closing ceremony[edit / edit wiki text]
Handing over the Olympic Flag to the Mayor of Pyeongchang
Main article: Closing Ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games
The closing ceremony of the games was held at the Fisht Stadium, starting on February 23 at 20: 14 Moscow time.
The main topic was Russian culture through the eyes of a European[39].
After that, the Olympic flag was handed over to the mayor of Pyeongchang, and he arrived in Korea on February 25 by plane with the South Korean national team.
Organization of the event[edit / edit wiki text]
For the organization and holding of the Olympic Winter Games in Sochi, on December 1, 2007, a Federal law was adopted[40], which defined the issues of organizing and holding the Games.
According to this law, the organization of the preparation and holding of the Games was carried out by the Russian Olympic Committee, the city of Sochi, the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, the International Olympic Committee, and other organizations that carried out separate functions for the preparation and holding of the Games.
Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Zhukov was initially appointed responsible for coordinating the activities of all organizations from the Government of the Russian Federation, and since October 14, 2008 — Dmitry Kozak (also with the rank of deputy Prime Minister).
Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee
Full name: Autonomous non profit Organization "Organizing Committee of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi"[41].
The structure of the Organizing Committee:
The Supervisory Board is the highest management body. ; Management (ensures the implementation of decisions taken at the highest level); the Audit Commission (exercises constant control over the expenditure of budget funds).
The personal composition of the Supervisory Board and Management were approved on October 2, 2007 at a meeting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports, High performance Sports, preparation and holding of the XXII Winter Olympic Games and the XI Winter Paralympic Games of 2014 in Sochi.
IOC Coordination Commission for the Sochi Games[edit / edit wiki text]
Members of the IOC coordination commission at a meeting with Putin in Sochi a year before the start of the Games.
From left to right: IOC Olympic Games Executive Director Gilbert Felly, Jean Claude Killy and Jacques Rogge
As of February 10, 2013
Member Country Note Jean Claude Killy France France Commission Chairman, IOC Member Remy Charmetan France France Ottavio Cinquanta Italy Italy IOC Member Philippe Drevon France France Rene Fasel Switzerland Switzerland IOC Executive Committee Member Gian Franco Casper Switzerland Switzerland IOC Member Gunilla Lindberg Sweden Sweden IOC Executive Committee Member Miguel Sagarra Spain Spain IPC Representative Juan Antonio Samaranch Jr. Spain Spain IOC Executive Committee Member Becky Scott Canada Canada IOC Member Tsunekazu Takeda Japan Japan Cesare Wachago Italy Italy
Funding[edit / edit wiki text]
Expenses for p preparing and conducting games[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the data provided by Vladimir Putin, 214 billion rubles were spent directly on Olympic facilities.
Of these, 100 billion are purely state financing, and 114 are at the expense of investors.
Thus, no more was spent on the Olympic facilities, taking into account inflation, than any other country did.
The remaining funds were spent on the infrastructure of the southern regions of the Russian Federation and, in particular, the city of Sochi[42].
According to the managing director of the president, Vladimir Kozhin, almost 80% of the funds allocated for the Olympics were spent on infrastructure in preparation for the Games[43].
"The report on the implementation of the construction of Olympic facilities and the implementation of other activities related to the construction of Olympic facilities for 2013 "by Olympstroy showed that the actual costs for the construction of all sports and non sports facilities, including railways and highways, power plants and other infrastructure facilities, amounted to 1.524 trillion rubles or 37.5 billion euros[44][45].
According to Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Kozak, about 200 billion rubles, 500 million rubles, were spent on the Olympic facilities themselves by February 2013.
for infrastructure for the development of the region, and 500 billion rubles for the development of Sochi and urban infrastructure that are not directly related to the Olympics[46].
In January 2014, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev called the cost figure equal to $6.4 billion, noting that the figure of $ 50 billion includes not only and not so much the construction of Olympic facilities, but the construction of infrastructure from scratch[47].
The largest lender of preparations for the Olympic Games in Sochi was Vnesheconombank[48].
As of the end of 2011, this bank approved loans for Olympic facilities totaling more than 132 billion rubles.
The loans were issued under the guarantee of the corporation "Olimpstroy".
Vladimir Potanin's Rosa Khutor project received the most money — 21 billion rubles of a loan from VEB with a total investment of 69 billion rubles.
VEB also financed the reconstruction of the Sochi airport, the construction of the Adler thermal power plant, the main Olympic village, the sports and tourist complex "Gornaya Karusel".
At the same time, the loans issued by Vnesheconombank under the guarantee of Olympstroy for the construction of sports facilities in the amount of 190 billion rubles could not be returned on time[49].
On July 3, the Kommersant newspaper reported on a letter from VEB Chairman Vladimir Dmitriev to Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, where he informed of the need to allocate funds required "either to support private investors to ensure the repayment of VEB loans, or to compensate for its losses in the event of a decision to implement bankruptcy procedures for borrowers."
The head of VEB asked Medvedev to include the necessary limit of funds in the draft law on the budget of 2015 and for the period 2016-2017.
The letter contains a list of nine borrower companies that may not fulfill their obligations to VEB, where there were "Rosa Khutor" by Vladimir Potanin, "Krasnaya Polyana", whose shareholder is Sberbank, "Top Project" by Viktor Vekselberg, "RogSibAl" by Oleg Deripaska and "Itera SportStroy", owned by Itera[50].
On February 3, 2014, IOC President Thomas Bach said at a press conference in Sochi that the costs of organizing the Olympic Games remain completely within the costs of the last Olympics, do not exceed them.
"It is difficult to talk about costs when the region is completely reconstructed.
A slightly old fashioned summer resort has been transformed into a modern year round complex.
The games are a catalyst for changes and development of the region for the future of the people living here, " he added [51][52].
Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Kozak said that revenues from the Olympic Games in Sochi exceeded expenses by 1.5 billion rubles[53].
According to the chairman of the IOC Coordination Commission for the preparation of the 2014 Games, Jean Claude Killy, the funds aimed at preparing for the Olympic Games were spent correctly.[54]
According to the IOC, the total cost of hosting the Games in Sochi amounted to $ 41 billion, and operating profit — $ 53 million[55].
Game Partners[edit / edit wiki text]
The Organizing Committee of the Sochi Games constantly emphasizes the importance of partner support for the Games and the unprecedented amount of funds raised.
In addition to 10 world Olympic partners, some of which have been working with the IOC for decades (The Coca Cola Company first sponsored the Olympics back in 1932 in Los Angeles), the organizing committee of the Sochi Games concluded partnership agreements with 14 companies, 8 of which became national partners, 2 — partners and 4 more — suppliers.
At the same time, out of 8 national partners, 5 are state owned Russian companies (Aeroflot, Russian Railways, Rosneft, Rostelecom, Sberbank of Russia), so this partnership is actually one of the channels of state financing of the Games.
World Olympic Partners
Coca Cola Atos S.A. Dow Chemical General Electric McDonald’s Omega Panasonic Procter & Gamble Samsung VISA
National partners
Aeroflot Bosco MegaFon Russian Railways Rosneft Rostelecom Sberbank of Russia Volkswagen Group Rus
Partners
Ingosstrakh PricewaterhouseCoopers Sportloto
Official Suppliers
Adamas Power Technologies Education First EXECUTE Business Training Publishing House "Kommersant" Baltika Brewing Company Avaya
Sochi 2014 Suppliers
Russian Russian Wine House Contemporary International AITEKO KIOUT Kinesio Paul Hartmann Russian Buses Europe Plus Detech Kärcher Kaspersky Lab
MicrosoftRus PR Agency KROS Scania World Class Bauerfeind Execute Business Training Kelly Services Life Fitness Parter.ru Rosatom Ural Plant of Deicing Materials
The results of the Olympiad in the assessment of specialists, mass media, participants, viewers[edit / edit wiki text]
To the results of the Sochi Olympics: facts, results, estimates[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the results of the Sochi Olympics, despite the black PR unleashed against Russia[56][57][58][59], the world's media were forced to recognize its success[60][61][62].
According to the International Olympic Committee, the Sochi Olympics became a record in the entire history of the Winter Olympic Games in many respects[63][64][65].
IOC President Thomas Bach: "Not a single complaint has been received from the athletes.
They are delighted with the facilities, they were impressed by how close the (Olympic) villages are to the competition venues. ...
These Games were great and to a certain extent unique in terms of logistics, since an athlete could come for breakfast and walk to training in a few minutes" ... "
We have come to the end of the wonderful Olympic Games.
The feedback we hear from the participants is positive.
You will only hear praise for these Games.
Similar reviews are heard from others"[66][67].
A year after the games, the IOC President confirmed the success of the Games and noted the significance of the legacy of the Sochi Games: "The 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi were a great success.
The Russians provided an impeccable organization of the games.
Sochi promised excellent sports facilities, outstanding Olympic villages and good organization.
Everything that was promised was fulfilled.
The athletes themselves confirmed this. ...
A year after the Games, it is clear that Sochi has inherited great opportunities for further development. " [68]
Almost all experts noted the unusually high growth rates of construction of facilities and the fulfillment of all obligations to the IOC in terms of the construction of both sports facilities and the infrastructure that provides the games.
All the objects of the Olympic Games were ready on time and met the highest international standards[69].
The Olympics were the most convenient of all the previous ones for athletes in terms of the location of places of residence and venues for sports competitions.
The way from the athletes ' places of residence to the facilities for all types of competitions took from 5 to 15 minutes on foot.
The organization of the Olympiad also received very high ratings from IOC members, specialists and the media in terms of security organization[70], organization of transport for spectators and media representatives[71][72].
All transport in Sochi for spectators during the games was free of charge and worked around the clock[73].
The work of the volunteers also received high marks[74].
Many guests noted the good preparation for the games of the city, the friendliness of the Russians and the beauty of the venues of the games[75].
The Olympic Games in Sochi were attended by more than 50 heads of state and government, 60 delegations of international organizations and sports ministers, which is three times more than in Vancouver.
According to the chairman of the organizing committee, D. Chernyshenko, "if we add together similar indicators of Turin and Vancouver, we will still get fewer heads of state than in Sochi.
The opening ceremony was attended by 44 percent of the heads of State or Government of the participating countries.
Even in London it was less — only 39"[76].
In total, more than 2,859 athletes from 88 countries came to Sochi, who played a record 98 sets of awards.
Representatives of 126 countries became guests of Sochi as fans[77].
More than 1.1 million tickets were sold for the Sochi Games, which exceeds the number of tickets sold for the 2010 Winter Olympics, despite the fact that Vancouver has about three million residents and the facilities in Vancouver were more spacious than in Sochi.
No cases of counterfeit tickets were recorded, which indicates the effectiveness of the technology of manufacturing and distributing tickets.
During the 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Games, almost 2 million tickets were sold just to visit the Olympic Park[78].
During peak days, Sochi International Airport was able to provide 575 take off and landing operations per day, which is comparable to the intensity of air traffic at the largest airports in the world.
The Olympic Broadcasting Service produced more than 1,300 hours of live broadcast of international programs, including 456 hours of newscasts.
The Olympic Games were broadcast to 159 countries, which exceeds the number of countries in Vancouver (120).
A total of 464 channels broadcast the XXII Winter Olympic Games, which is almost double the figures of the previous Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
At least one minute of television broadcasts of the Olympic Games was watched by about 2 billion people, which is 200 million more than in Vancouver[77].
A huge stream of data transmission about the Sochi Olympics was going through the Internet.
The number of requests for the Sochi Olympics has doubled the world's population and reached 13 billion.
The total volume of Olympic Internet traffic was more than 1 petabyte.
According to these indicators, the 2014 Games became the highest rated in the history of the Olympic and Paralympic movement[78].
From a financial point of view, the Winter Olympics in Sochi can also be considered a success.
The total amount of revenue from the Sochi 2014 marketing program exceeded 1.3 billion US dollars, which is more than 3 times higher than the obligations of the Application Book.
Thanks to the support of partners, world famous international and Russian companies, the organizers of the Sochi Games were able to finance over 80 % of the costs of their preparation and holding from extra budgetary sources[77].
The operating profit of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee amounted to 9 billion rubles[79].
According to a study by Nielsen, the Olympic Games in Sochi met and even exceeded the expectations of the overwhelming majority (94 %) of the surveyed residents of Russia, and 75% of the surveyed Russians are confident that the legacy left behind by the Sochi Games will work in the future for many years to come[80].
Similar assessments of the results of the Sochi Olympics were recorded by VTsIOM studies[81]
Opinions of the organizers[edit / edit wiki text]
International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach: "I will be pleased to work together with Sochi and for the success of Sochi"[82].
Vladimir Putin: "I can say with full confidence that if we had not been able to restore the territorial integrity of the country, if we had not stopped the confrontation in the Caucasus in the form in which it was five or seven years ago, if we had not fundamentally changed the situation in the economy, if we had not solved a number of social problems, we would not have seen any Olympics as our ears"[83].
FIS President, IOC member Gian Franco Casper: "What we managed to do in Sochi in 7 years is amazing.
The organization of the Olympic Games is always a difficult task, the scale and scope of the Games require many years of planning and the creation of a huge infrastructure.
I like to cite Alpine resorts as an example.
Usually it takes decades to create them, and in Sochi everything was built in just 7 years.
It makes an impression"[84].
"In general, the expectations from the Sochi Olympics are very good.
The games will amaze our imagination, where we will be able to see all the most modern technological achievements.
In the mountains, a large scale work was done in five years, similar to the one that took place in the Alps over the past 150 years[85].
Dmitry Chernyshenko, President of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee: "The Sochi Games do not stop setting records even after their completion.
Financial indicators have become the most successful in comparison with the previous Games, and all the earned funds will be used for the development of sports in Russia.
In addition, we have proposed a new formula for distributing the income of the Games between the national Olympic and Paralympic Committees, directing a significant amount of funds to the development of the Paralympic movement and creating greater opportunities for people with disabilities to play sports.
In addition to the existing contracts following the results of the Games, up to 600 million rubles can be allocated for the development of Paralympic sports.
This will be another contribution to the large scale legacy that the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Sochi will leave behind"[79].
Opinions of participants[edit / edit wiki text]
IOC President Thomas Bach: "This is a great competition for all athletes.
The Olympic villages are really beautiful, and athletes really like the living conditions.
And if the athletes are happy, it means that I am even more satisfied"[86].
Canadian hockey player P. K. Subban: "What we saw in Sochi is the complete opposite of what was said in the media.
The rooms are amazing.
The organization is excellent."[87]
American bobsledder Dallas Robinson: "We need to focus on everything that Russia has done to host these Games.
To celebrate all the amazing volunteers, security guards, military personnel, builders.
The Russians did a brilliant job!
I admire them!"[88]
[89].
Swedish hockey player Henrik Lundqvist: "These games are the best.
I can compare it with Vancouver, Turin.
Everything is great: the Olympic village, the food, the arenas.
I say thank you to Sochi, Russia, you are great hosts of the Games!"[90]
TJ Lanning coach of the US ski team: "In my sports biography, the current Olympic Games in Russia are the third in a row.
Sochi is a compact, beautiful tourist city, where the warm sea is adjacent to snow capped peaks.
Everything is perfectly organized, starting from arrival at the airport, passing control, ending with accommodation in the Olympic Village on Krasnaya Polyana, trails and maintenance.
Russia is an amazing country.
It's great that people here are not as gloomy as they are sometimes shown on our television.
The Olympic Games are an opportunity for new meetings and long friendship"[91].
The president of the International Ski Federation (FIS) and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Gian Franco Kasper, a week after the opening of the Olympics, in an interview with the Sonntag Aktuell newspaper: "The way the Olympic Games are still being held in Sochi was a pleasant surprise for me.
So far, many things are going better than expected.
And when you see how much has been built here in recent years, it is an outstanding achievement"[92] .
Opinions of fans and viewers[edit / edit wiki text]
British racing driver Lewis Hamilton: "I am delighted with the Olympic Games in Sochi — these are the best Games.
I have seen many photos of Russia and have always admired your country.
I am waiting for the opportunity to see the track in Sochi"[93] A married couple from Canada: "We have already been to the Olympics in Vancouver, so we have something to compare with.
Watching what is happening in Sochi, I can responsibly say that Russia has done a very good job.
The stadiums are beautiful, and the mountain village of Rosa Khutor is just something, a real Switzerland"[94].
Catherine from Ohio, USA: "It's just beautiful here.
I've never seen anything like it.
So many stadiums in one place.
There are a lot of people from different countries.
A lot of impressions.
Great! " [95]
Athletes and fans are satisfied with the architecture, landscape, and cuisine[96].
Many Americans attending the Sochi Olympics said that their fears about security were in vain[95][90]
Sports and infrastructure facilities built for the Olympics[edit / edit wiki text]
Sports facilities[edit / edit wiki text]
Main articles: Sports facilities of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games, Olympic Park (Sochi), Krasnaya Polyana
Location of the Olympic Park sports facilities
View of the Olympic Park during the Games
View of the objects of the mountain cluster from space
Winter Olympic Games 2014 Mountain Cluster Centers (interactive map)
Sports facilities were built in two clusters:
Coastal cluster, or Olympic Park.
The Sochi Olympic Park is located on the Black Sea coast in the Imereti Lowland.
The construction of some facilities of the Olympic Park was completed at the end of 2012 in order to hold test competitions in 2013, while other facilities were completed in 2013-2014.
Mountain cluster, or Krasnaya Polyana
Sports facilities built in Sochi for the Olympics:
Construction Location Sports Capacity Olympic
Paralympic games
games Fisht Olympic Stadium Olympic Park Ceremonies:
• Opening / closing Ceremonies:
* opening/closing 40,000 Large (ice Palace) Olympic Park Hockey 12,000 Puck (ice arena) Olympic Park Ice Hockey Sledge Ice Hockey 7000 Curling Center "Ice Cube" Olympic Park Curling Wheelchair curling 3000 Iceberg (ice Sports Palace) Olympic Park Figure Skating
Short track — 12000 Adler Arena Olympic Park Speed Skating - 8000 Laura (ski and biathlon complex) Krasnaya Polyana Biathlon
Cross country skiing Biathlon
Cross country skiing 7500 [97] Rosa Khutor Ski Center[98][99] Krasnaya Polyana Alpine skiing Skiing 7500 Russian slides (springboard) Krasnaya Polyana Cross country skiing
Ski jumping — 7500 Sledge (bobsleigh track) Krasnaya Polyana Bobsleigh
Luge sports
Skeleton 5000 Extreme Park "Rosa Khutor" Krasnaya Polyana Freestyle
Snowboard Pair Snowboard 4000 (for freestyle)
6250 (for snowboarding)
Infrastructure[edit / edit wiki text]
Mountain Olympic Village on the Rosa Khutor plateau
In total, 380 facilities were built in preparation for the Olympic Games, most of which relate to infrastructure facilities that ensure the development of the city of Sochi as a year round resort[100].
Energy development[edit / edit wiki text]
A total of 66 facilities were built and put into operation.
New generating capacities of 1200 MW were built and put into operation[101] due to the development of the Sochi TPP and the construction of the new Adler TPP [100]l.
More than half of the energy development costs were spent on the development of electric power facilities: construction of new electrical substations, power transmission lines (including 550 km of high voltage ones[101]).[102][103]
A new gas pipeline Dzhubga Sochi was built, which made it possible to ensure the operation of power plants, as well as to carry out gasification of settlements.
Development of transport infrastructure[edit / edit wiki text]
Most of the investments related to the Olympics and the development of the city of Sochi as a year round mountain and climatic resort were directed to the development of transport infrastructure.
More than 200 km of railway tracks, 54 bridges and 22 tunnels were built[101].
A combined road and railway was built and put into operation, connecting Adler, Sochi, the airport and sports facilities of the coastal cluster in the Imereti Lowland with the mountain cluster in the Krasnaya Polyana area[104].
The reconstruction of the railway from Tuapse to Adler was carried out.
Sochi International Airport received significant development, where a landing gallery with 10 teletraps was built, a new terminal building was built, and the runway was increased by 300 m[105]
For the delivery of construction materials and equipment, the Sochi Imereti seaport was built, which was converted into a yacht marina after the Olympics.
A remote terminal was built in the seaport of Sochi, which allowed receiving cruise ships with a capacity of 3 thousand people[106].
Development of communications and telecommunications and[edit / edit wiki text]
The budget funds provided for by the Federal Target Program and private investments in the amount of $ 580 million were directed to the construction and modernization of the telecommunications infrastructure of the region: the construction of a TETRA mobile radio network for 100 user groups (with a capacity of 10 thousand subscribers), 700 km of fiber — optic transmission lines along highways in the Anapa — Dzhubga — Sochi sections with a branch of Dzhubga Krasnodar, digital TV and radio broadcasting infrastructure.
The project also included the creation of an information and communication center for broadcasting to foreign countries via three communication satellites in the HDTV standard.
During the construction of the Main Media Center in the Olympic Park and the media center in Krasnaya Polyana, the most modern technologies were used, which provided broadcasting to 159 countries[100].
Hotels[edit / edit wiki text]
42 facilities were built to accommodate the guests of the Olympics and further use after the Olympics, which allowed increasing the possibilities for accommodation for more than 25,000 people[100].
The IOC quality requirements: approximately 3 thousand of the total number of rooms must meet the "five stars", 9605 — must be of the" four stars "category, and 21,716 — work according to the"three stars" standards[107], have been met.
Other objects[edit / edit wiki text]
Considerable funds were spent on the construction of sewage treatment plants and the processing of solid household waste.
[108].
The total capacity of the constructed treatment facilities was 220000 cubic meters of liquids per day[101].
The 2014 Olympiad in Culture[edit / edit wiki text]
Cultural Olympiad "Sochi 2014" [edit / edit wiki text]
During the preparation and holding of the XXII Winter Olympic Games, the project of the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad was conceived and implemented[109].
The mission is to preserve and increase the cultural wealth of Russia, to involve every citizen in a grandiose holiday and to present the best to the guests of the Games in 2014.
The project of the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad covered the period from 2010 to 2014 and the entire territory of the country with the center in the city of Sochi.
2010 was the year of cinema, 2011 the year of theater, 2012 the year of music, 2013 the year of museums[110].
Over 4 years, more than 3,000 different events (concerts, festivals, performances, films, exhibitions) with the participation of more than 100,000 artists have been held within the framework of the Cultural Program of the Sochi 2014 Olympics.
About 4 million people became guests of the events[77].
In the cinema[edit / edit wiki text]
The Ostrov studio (directed by Sergey Miroshnichenko) made an official film about the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi by order of the IOC[111][112].
The picture lasting about three hours under the title "Rings of the World" tells about the winners and prize winners in various sports, Olympic principles, sports psychology, organization and holding of the games[113].
The screening of the film on the Russia TV channel was timed to coincide with the anniversary of the start of the Olympic Games in Sochi.
The film company "Workshop" (directed by Dmitry Zinchenkov) made a documentary film "Height", dedicated to the construction of Olympic facilities in the mountains, in the area of Krasnaya Polyana[114].
The Israeli director Alexander Gentelev, with the money of Germany, Austria and Israel, made a documentary film "Putin's Games", which tells about corruption in the preparation for the Olympic Games[115].
The world premiere of the film took place on November 24, 2013 at the IDFA International Documentary Film Festival in Amsterdam.
In Russia, the film was shown at the Artdokfest festival on December 6, 2013.
According to the German producer of the film, the Russian authorities tried to buy the film for 600 thousand pounds, but the producers refused.
The International Olympic Committee considered the film "politically motivated" and did not allow the use of the word "Olympic" in its title[116].
The 50 minute documentary " Sochi.
The day before", filmed by NTV[117].
In philately and numismatics[edit / edit wiki text]
On November 29, 2013, the Russian Post issued four New Year stamps depicting all the mascots of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games.
The circulation of the stamps was 680 thousand copies (each stamp — 85 thousand sheets, plus 85 thousand small sheets)[118][119].
In December 2013, Armenia issued two postage stamps depicting the sports in which the Armenian Olympic team will be represented during the XXII Winter Olympic Games in 2014 (cross country skiing and alpine skiing).
The Sochi Mountains are depicted on the left side of the postage stamps.
The special extinguishing ceremony was attended by Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan and Russian President Vladimir Putin[120].
In January 2014, Estonia issued a silver coin with a face value of ten euros, with a circulation of 7,500 copies.
A postage stamp of one euro ten cents was also issued, the circulation is unknown[121].
At the same time, Azerbaijan issued four stamps depicting alpine skiing and speed skating, ice hockey and figure skating[122][123].
On January 7, 2014, the Moldovan Post Office issued two stamps depicting winter sports (skiing and ice hockey).
The designer of the issue is Vitaly Pogolsha.
The circulation was thirty thousand copies[124][125].
On January 18, 2014, the Lithuanian Post Office issued two stamps depicting winter sports (ice hockey and bobsleigh).
The stamp artist is Irma Balakauskaite.
The circulation was 150 thousand copies[126].
On April 12, 2014, the State Unitary Enterprise "Marka Pridnestrovie" carried out a special cancellation of the postal block and five stamps depicting the types of the Winter Olympic Games on the envelopes of the first day and several maximum cards[127].
A postage stamp dedicated to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi was issued in Nepal on December 10, 2014 with a circulation of 1 million copies[128].
Postage stamps of Pridnestrovie (2014)
Azerbaijan Postal Block (2014)
The stamps depict: the Krasnaya Polyana ski resort, the building of the Sea Station in Sochi, Bolshoy Akhun Mountain with an observation tower, the Volkonsky Dolmen.
Russian Postal block (2011)
Problems, criticism and scandals in connection with the Olympics[edit / edit wiki text]
This section is too long or contains unimportant details.
If you do not agree with this, please show the materiality of the material presented in the text.
Otherwise, the section may be deleted.
Details can be found on the discussion page.
Problems related to the environment[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the World Wildlife Fund[129], during the organization of the Olympic Games in Sochi, a number of mistakes were made from the point of view of ecology and environmental policy:
prior to the design of the objects, proper engineering and geological surveys were not carried out; a number of objects were threatened due to the fact that their projects did not take into account extremely difficult natural conditions; the special ecological value of the territory as a reserve was ignored, as well as environmental legislation was weakened; during construction, almost no monitoring of the impact on biological objects was carried out; no measures were taken to compensate for environmental damage during construction and the rehabilitation program of the territory was not funded.
As a result, according to the Foundation[129], the Mzymta River has actually lost its fishing significance, where up to 20% of the entire Black Sea trout (a species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the International Red Book) had spawned, about 3 thousand hectares of forests with rare tree species for Russia were destroyed, the wintering of ungulates (wild boar, red deer) on the Psekhako ridge, as well as the migration routes of bears and tours on the Aibga Ridge were destroyed.
In an interview with the BBC, Russian geologist Sergey Volkov argued that "the construction of most objects is carried out without a proper complex of geoecological surveys adequate to natural hazards" [130].
Criticism of the costs of preparing and holding the Olympiad[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the Olympstroy Group of Companies, the total cost of preparing for the Olympics amounted to 1.5 trillion rubles (approximately 50 billion US dollars)[44]
Before the Olympics, some economists expressed the opinion that the implementation of the project in the form of a Federal state Unitary Enterprise, and not in the form of a federal target program, would require much more costs.
This, in their opinion, was evidenced by studies of state corporations, which showed that, on average, projects of state corporations cost 2 times more than similar private ones, and are created longer[131].
According to blogger and opposition leader Alexey Navalny, all costs for the Olympics amount to 1.5 trillion rubles, which coincides with the total costs officially announced by the Olimpstroy Group of Companies under the state program.
According to Navalny, the construction costs of 10 objects are overstated by 1.5-2.5 times.[132]
Coverage of the costs of the Olympics by the British magazine The Economist[edit / edit wiki text]
The neutrality of this section of the article is called into question.
There should be details on the discussion page.
According to the weekly The Economist, the actual cost of preparing for the Olympics is approximately $50 billion dollars.
USA (July 2013 data), which was confirmed by the Olimpstroy Group of Companies[44].
This figure, according to the author of the article, is a record not only in absolute terms for the entire history of the Olympics, but also in relative terms: by the degree of exceeding the initial estimate.
According to the magazine, the actual costs for the Sochi Olympics exceed the $12 billion indicated in the official application.
US more than 4 times (300 %), whereas, on average, for the Olympics, such an excess is about 180 %[133].
This statement was refuted by IOC President Thomas Bach[52][51].
British weekly The Economist:
This huge event, the largest construction project in post Soviet Russia, reflects Russian corruption, inefficiency, demonstrative wealth and neglect of ordinary citizens like a drop of water.
The original text (English)
This grand enterprise, the largest construction project in Russia’s post Soviet history, is also a microcosm of Russian corruption, inefficiencies, excesses of wealth and disregard for ordinary citizens.
— «Putin's Russia: Sochi or bust», Feb 1st 2014
[The Olympics] became a smaller copy of the Russian "capitalism for their own", turning into a world championship on corruption.
The original text (English)
the Olympics, which have become a model of Russia's crony capitalism and a world championship of corruption.
— «Why Sochi is, ironically, the perfect place for the winter Olympics», Feb 5th 2014
No examples or evidence of corruption were given in the article.
The scandal surrounding the interview of FIS President Jean Franco Casper to Swiss television[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the Dozhd TV channel, the president of the International Ski Federation, a member of the International Olympic Committee, Jean Franco Kasper, in January 2014, in an interview with the German edition of Rundschau, said that a third of the 50 billion euros (about 13 billion euros) spent on preparing for the Sochi Olympics were stolen[134].
According to other media, this was said during an interview with Swiss television[135].
The head of Russian Railways, Vladimir Yakunin, noting that Kasper could not provide any evidence of his words, accused him of unsubstantiated slander, and called for a trial against him[136].
Subsequently, Kasper said that his words were misinterpreted by an American journalist, stressing that he never spoke about corruption during the preparation for the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.
"This has never come from me," he stressed once again.
Otherwise, the FIS president assured, the Federation would have held a special meeting on this occasion.
"We have never even had the idea of holding a meeting on this issue.
If we had the facts on hand, we would have done so, but I will honestly say that we did not have such facts," he explained[137].
A few days later, in an interview with ITAR TASS, Kasper admitted that the amount of work on the implementation of infrastructure projects in Sochi, completed in just seven years, is amazing.
"What has been achieved in Sochi for seven years is amazing, "he said, drawing attention to the fact that"the organization of the Olympic Games is always a difficult task, the scale and scope of the Games require many years of planning and the creation of a huge infrastructure."
"I like to cite Alpine resorts as an example.
Usually it takes decades to create them, and in Sochi everything was built in just seven years.
It makes an impression, " Kasper said[138].
LGBT[edit / edit wiki text]
This article or a section of the article is the subject of a thematic mediation procedure A number of restrictions apply to all participants who edit this article.
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Representatives of Russian LGBT people decided to open a Pride House in Sochi, as they did at the previous two Olympics.
However, the Russian authorities refused to register the organization, and the courts recognized it as "extremist".
As a result, the IOC said that it was not m
