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Yesenin S. A. - Biography of Yesenin ("100 great lovers")
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Russian poet.
A subtle lyricist, a singer of peasant Russia.
He was a member of the circle of imagists (1919...1923).
The author of the cycles "Mare ships" (1920), "Moscow Kabatskaya" (1924), "The Black Man" (1925), "Anna Snegina" (1925), the dramatic poem "Pugachev" (1921).
Sergey Yesenin was born into a peasant family in 1895.
From 1904 to 1912, he studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School and at the Spas Klepikov School.
During this time, he wrote more than 30 poems, compiled a handwritten collection "Sick Thoughts" (1912), which he tried to publish in Ryazan.
Since 1912, Yesenin and his father lived in Moscow and worked in Krylov's store.
In March 1913, Sergey got a job in the printing house of the I. Sytin Partnership as a sub editor, that is, an assistant proofreader.
Proofreader Anna Izryadnova soon became his wife.
She recalled him as follows: "He had just arrived from the village, but he did not look like a village guy - he was wearing a brown suit, a high starched collar and a green tie.
He was in a decadent mood - he was a poet, no one wants to understand him, the editorial offices do not accept him for publication, his father is a critic...
He spent all his salary on books, magazines, did not think at all how to live..."
Marriage with Anna from the first days of family life seemed to Yesenin a mistake.
Most of all, he was concerned about the poetic success.
In 1914, finally, his poems were published in the newspaper "Nov", in the magazines "Zarya", "Parus", etc., but these were not his best poems.
In 1915, despite the birth of his son, Yesenin left Anna with a small child, deciding to try his luck in the magazines of the northern capital.
He came to Petrograd for glory and immediately went to look for Blok.
Alexander Blok called him a "talented peasant poet nugget", and his poems - "fresh, clean, vociferous", which largely determined the success of Yesenin in the northern capital.
Sergey appeared before the St. Petersburg creative intelligentsia in the image of a naive and simple minded village boy.
Although from the very beginning there was neither naivety nor simplicity in him, as his close friend Anatoly Marienhoff believed.
He recalled how Yesenin explained to him his success in Petrograd: "you canot go into Russian literature from the bay of flounder.
It is necessary to conduct a skilful game and the most subtle policy.
...It doesnot hurt to pretend to be a fool.
Everyone should be pleased...
Let everyone, I think, think: I introduced him into Russian literature.
They are pleased, but I donot care."
The right tactic worked: in a few weeks, Yesenin won fame in the most influential and refined Petrograd literary circles, he became a fashionable poet, a favorite of magazines and living rooms.
: "I saw Yesenin at the very beginning of his acquaintance with the city: small, elegantly built, with light curls, dressed like Vanya from "Life for the Tsar", blue - eyed and clean, like Lohengrin that's what he was like.
The city greeted him with the same admiration as a glutton meets a strawberry in January.
His poems began to be praised excessively and insincerely, as hypocrites and envious people know how to praise."
Obviously, during Yesenin's conquest of fashionable literary salons, Zinaida Reich appeared in his life.
This lively, lively girl worked in the left Socialist Revolutionary editorial office.
Together with the Vologda poet Alexey Ganin, they went on a trip to the North - to Solovki and further to Murmansk.
Near Vologda, Yesenin and Zinaida Reich were married in the church of Kirik and Iulita.
Sergei did not live with her permanently, although she gave birth to two children from him - Tatiana (1918) and Konstantin (1920).
In 1918, Yesenin returned to Moscow again and, after a short friendship with the poets of the Proletkult, joined the imagists.
Together with Marienhoff, they bought a bookstore on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, and then "The Pegasus Stall" on Tverskaya.
Marienhof in" A Novel without lies " mentioned Zinaida Reich:
"Yesenin's wife, Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, came from Orel.
She brought her daughter with her: it was necessary to show her to her father.
Tanyushka was not yet a year old at that time.
And our bosom friend Mikhail Molabukh came from Penza... and in addition, Tanyushka, as they wrote in the old books, "was a lively little girl, did not leave the living chair"; from the nurse's knees - to Zinaida Nikolaevna, from her - to Molabukh, from that - to me.
Only she did not recognize her father's "living chair" in any form.
And they used cunning, and flattery, and bribery, and severity - all in vain."
And then, as Marienhoff told, Yesenin asked a friend to help him send Zinaida back to Orel. "
...
I canot live with Zinaida...
I told her he doesnot want to understand...
He wonot leave, and that's all... she's got it into her head: "You love me, Sergun, I know that and I donot want to know anything else..."
Tell her, Tolya, that I have another woman."
Tolya said as Yesenin ordered, and Zinaida Reich and her daughter left for Orel.
And Marienhof also told about how Yesenin "got acquainted" with the son that Zinaida Reich gave birth to him.
"I forgot to tell you.
By chance, on the platform of the Rostov railway station, I ran into Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich.
She was going to Kislovodsk.
In the winter, Zinaida Nikolaevna gave birth to a boy.
I asked Yesenin on the phone: "What should I call it?"
Yesenin thought and thought, choosing a non literary name, and said: "Konstantin".
After the baptism, he realized: "Damn it, but Balmont's name is Konstantin."
I didnot go to see my son.
Noticing me on the Rostov platform talking to Reich, Yesenin described a semicircle on his heels and, jumping on the rail, went in the opposite direction...
Zinaida Nikolaevna asked: "Tell Seryozha that I'm going with Kostya.
He hadnot seen him.
Let him come in and take a look.
If he doesnot want to meet me, I can leave the compartment."
Yesenin still went into the compartment to look at his son.
Looking at the boy, he said that he was black, and Yesenins are not black."
And once Marienhof mentioned that Yesenin hated Zinaida Reich more than all his women.
So, he believed, Sergei really loved her more than all the others - the only one.
And hatred out of love arose because before she married Yesenin, she told him that he was her first man, and this turned out to be untrue.
And that's what Yesenin - a man by blood never forgave her.
Whenever he thought of Zinaida, a spasm would come over his face, his eyes would turn purple, and his hands would clench into fists: "Why did you lie, you bastard!"
And she had no other love.
Perhaps this is true.
After the final breakup with Zinaida Reich, Yesenin easily treated casual meetings, drank with pleasure and brawled in pubs...
He was homeless and homeless when Isadora Duncan, a famous American dancer who came to red Russia to open a dance studio for Russian girls, burst into his life.
There are several versions of their first meeting.
But everyone agrees on one thing: Isadora and Sergey immediately liked each other.
Marienhof claimed that Duncan saw Yesenin at a party in Yakulov's studio.
She was wearing a red chiton, flowing in soft folds.
Her hair was red with a hint of copper, and despite her large body, she walked lightly and softly.
"Donot look at her wrists and her flowing silk from her shoulders.
I was looking for happiness in this woman, but I accidentally found death."
She saw Yesenin and smiled at him.
Then Duncan lay down on the sofa, and Sergey Yesenin settled down at her feet.
Isadora dipped her hand into his curls and kissed him on the lips.
"As a boy, when I kissed cows on the muzzle, I just trembled with tenderness...
And now, when I like a woman, it seems to me that she has cow's eyes.
So big, thoughtless, sad.
Just like Isadora's, " Yesenin said.
She was talented, generous and spontaneous as a child, internally liberated.
She was conquered by the trembling tenderness, childishness, insecurity of the poet's soul.
Yesenin reminded her of a long dead son, and she gave him not only female, but also maternal love.
She was 18 years older than him.
He spoke only Russian, and she spoke English, French and German.
But they understood each other.
After a while, the Soviet government stopped subsidizing Duncan's school, and she decided to go to Europe to find money.
Wanting to speed up the visa processing for Yesenin, they decided to officially register their marriage.
Yesenin and Europe did not like each other.
The poet wrote to Marienhof: "In Berlin, of course, I caused a lot of scandal and commotion.
My top hat and a coat made by a Berlin tailor infuriated everyone.
Everyone thinks that I came with the money of the Bolsheviks, as a Chekist or as an agitator...
First, my God, such filth, monotony, such spiritual poverty that I want to vomit.
The heart beats, beats with the most desperate hatred... "
There are many testimonies of contemporaries about Yesenin and Duncan.
This couple amazed, aroused curiosity, interest, gave rise to a lot of gossip and gossip.
Natalia Krandievskaya Tolstaya recalled how she saw them in Berlin: "Yesenin was wearing a tuxedo, a top hat on the back of his head, a chrysanthemum in his buttonhole...
The big and magnificent Isadora Duncan, with theatrical makeup on her face, was walking next to her, dragging a brocade hem on the asphalt..."
Then the Tolstoy Krandievskaya invited Duncan and Yesenin to breakfast with Gorky.
"Yesenin read well...
Gorky liked the poems, I saw it.
They started talking...
Isadora wanted to dance.
She threw off a good half of her scarves, left two on her chest, one on her stomach...
Yesenin lowered his head, as if he was guilty of something..."
Maxim Gorky described the same meeting: "From the curly haired, toy boy, only very clear eyes remained, and they seemed to have burned out in some too bright sun.
Their restless gaze swept over the faces of people changingly, now defiantly and disdainfully, then suddenly uncertainly, embarrassed and distrustful...
An elderly, heavy, with a red, ugly face, wrapped in a brick colored dress, she was spinning, writhing in the cramped room, clutching a bouquet of crumpled, withered flowers to her chest..
This famous woman, glorified by thousands of aesthetes of Europe, fine connoisseurs of plastic art, next to the amazing Ryazan poet, who was as small as a teenager, was the most amazing personification of everything that he did not need."
Then they went to America, where they found themselves in the spotlight of the press.
Isadora had a contract to dance in a number of eastern and central states.
After the performance, she brought Yesenin on stage, introducing him to the public as "the second Pushkin".
At the evening at the poet Mani Leib's house, Yesenin read chapters from the book"The Country of Scoundrels".
The evening ended in a scandal.
Isadora Duncan's performances in the United States have become impossible.
"Mr. Dollar is in terrible fashion here.
Let us be beggars, let us have hunger, cold, but we have a soul that was rented out here as unnecessary for Smerdyakovshchina, " Yesenin shared his impressions about abroad.
Sergei and Isadora returned to Russia in August 1923.
When they arrived in Moscow, they found the school in a pitiful state.
Fortunately, Isadora had American Express checks for about 70,000 francs.
A friend of the dancer, Mary Desti, wrote in her book "The Untold Story": "Isadora spent everything she had on school.
This made Sergey furious - he wanted to own everything and give everything to his friends.
He generously gave away dozens of his suits to right and left, as well as shoes, shirts, etc., not to mention Isadora's toilets, which she constantly remembered in Paris and believed that they were stolen by maids.
He and Sergey had only been in Moscow for a few days when he disappeared for several weeks.
Isadora was worried and thought that something had happened to him.
She kept hearing rumors that he was seen at night in restaurants, usually with a woman.
This went on for several months.
He returned only to extort money from him, with which he could arrange debauchery.
What a sad, ungrateful thing it is for a woman with a delicate soul to try to save an unbridled drunkard!
But Isadora never felt the slightest anger towards him.
When he returned, it was enough for him to throw himself at her feet, as before the Madonna, and she would press his golden haired head to her breast and soothe him."
Finally, Sergey and Isadora broke up.
After Isadora Duncan, two more women selflessly tried to save the dying poet.
One loved him, the other was his wife.
After returning from abroad, Yesenin and his sisters settled with Galina Benislavskaya, who became a close person, friend and assistant for Yesenin.
"With unprecedented selflessness, with rare self sacrifice, she devoted herself to him ... tirelessly, without grumbling, forgetting about herself, as if fulfilling a duty, she carried a heavy burden of worries about Yesenin."
In 1924-1925, Benislavskaya conducted all his literary affairs during Yesenin's departures from Moscow.
"Always yours and always love you," she finished all the letters to Yesenin.
But he, burdening her with endless errands, assured her only of a tender friendship that was " much bigger and better than I feel for women.
You are so close to me in life without this that it is impossible to express it."
At that time, Yesenin's wife was Sofia Tolstaya, the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy, which he was very proud of.
Her love for Yesenin was not easy.
Sofia Tolstaya was a true granddaughter of her grandfather.
Even in appearance she resembled him: all in her grandfather's rough " peasant face, this woman of rare intelligence and a broad heart brought light and calm to the anxious nomadic life of Sergei Yesenin.
But, apparently, it was already too late.
At the end of December, Yesenin fled from Moscow to Leningrad, without saying a word to his wife or friends.
The mother of Sofia Tolstoy, Olga Konstantinovna Tolstaya, wrote to her friend about what Sofia Tolstaya experienced while living with Yesenin in his black, terrible last years:
"...
There are no words to describe to you what I experienced during these days for the unfortunate Sonya.
All this autumn, since their return from Baku, it has been a continuous nightmare.
And how Sonya could bear it, how she could continue to love him it's just incomprehensible and probably explained only by the secret of love.
And she loved him, apparently, immensely... his actions... insane, abusive jealousy - she explained the disease and endured without complaint, silently, never complaining...
In late November or early December, he decided to start to heal and it will fit in the clinic, but soon got bored...
Came home 21 December, already absolutely drunk with a bottle in his hand...
23, the night is calling me Sonia and said, "He left..."
And for the first time in the voice of Sony, I felt fatigue, annoyance, insult.
Then I decided to say: "I hope that he will not come back again."
Two days later Olga Konstantinovna Tolstaya, Sonya's mother, came to her.
"I found Sonya terribly gloomy, completely lifeless: she lay on the couch for days without saying a word, did not eat, did not drink..."
"Who am I?
What am I?
Only a dreamer, Who lost the Blue of his eyes in the darkness, And I loved you only by the way, Along with others on earth",
Yesenin wrote these days, saying goodbye to Sonya and asking her for forgiveness.
And on the last day of his life, December 27, 1925, Sergei gave his friend, the poet V. Erlich, poems and asked him to read them at home, left alone.
But Erlich forgot about Yesenin's poems.
In the morning I learned about the murder of the poet, took out a piece of paper and read:
"Good bye, my friend, good bye.
My dear, you are in my chest.
The intended parting Promises a meeting ahead.
Goodbye, my friend, without a hand and a word, Do not be sad and do not be sad with eyebrows, "It's not new to die in this life, but it's certainly not new to live either."
When Sofia Tolstoy was informed about Yesenin's death, she screamed terribly, she did not want to believe, she was like a madwoman.
At the Vagankovsky cemetery, his wives and lovers gathered at the grave of Sergei Yesenin: Anna Izryadnova, Zinaida Reich, Galina Benislavskaya, Sofia Tolstaya...
Isadora Duncan sent a telegram. "
...His audacious spirit strove for the unattainable...
I mourn his death with pain and despair."
A year later, Galina Benislavskaya shot herself on the grave of Sergei Yesenin.
In 1927, Isadora Duncan died in Nice.
Sofia Tolstaya remained faithful to him and diligently took care of everything that was connected with the poet's life, sorted out his archive, prepared his works for publication.
Next to the wedding ring, she wore a copper ring all her life, which the poet jokingly gave her.
It was very wide, and she squeezed it so that she could wear it.
Muromov I. A. "100 great lovers".
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