Noah's Ark
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Edward Hicks.
"Noah's Ark"
Noah's Ark (in the Bible, Hebrew תֵּבַת נֹח, tevat Hóax; from Hebrewהה, teva box, chest) - according to the Bible, a ship built by Noah at the behest of God to save his family and several individuals of each animal species from the Flood (Gen. 6: 13 Gen. 8: 19).
Content
1 The Biblical narrative 1.1 The duration of the construction of the ark
2 References in ancient and medieval sources 3 The Ark in the legends of other peoples 4 The Search for Noah's Ark 4.1 Criticism of the search for the ark on Ararat 4.2 Opponents of the search for the ark
5 The Ark in literature and art 5.1 In literature 5.2 In painting 5.3 In Music 5.4 In cinema 5.5 In computer games 5.6 Documentaries 5.7 In heraldry
6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 References
The Biblical narrative[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The World Flood
The story of the Flood is contained in the first book of the Bible, Gen. 6 — 9.
According to the Bible, at that time there was a great moral fall of man: And the Lord saw that the corruption of men was great on the earth, and that all the thoughts and thoughts of their hearts were evil at all times; and the LORD repented that he had created man on the earth, and was grieved in his heart But there lived in those days a righteous man and blameless in his kind, pleasing to the Lord, and his name was Noah.
And [the Lord]said God said to Noah: The end of all flesh has come before me, for the earth is filled with evil deeds from them; and, behold, I will destroy them from the earth.
Make for yourself an ark of gopher wood; make compartments in the ark and tar it with pitch inside and outside.
And make it this way: the length of the ark is three hundred cubits, its width is fifty cubits, and its height is thirty cubits.
And you shall make an opening in the ark, and you shall bring it up to a cubit at the top, and you shall make a door to the ark on its side; you shall make a lower, second and third dwelling in it.
(Gen. 6:13-16)
Noah's Ark; illustration by Gustave Dore
Noah did everything as God commanded him.
When the construction was finished, God told Noah to enter the ark with his sons and his wife, and with the wives of his sons, and also to bring into the ark two of all the animals, so that they would remain alive.
And take for yourself all the food that is necessary for yourself and for the animals.
After that, the ark was closed by God.
After seven days (in the second month, on the seventeenth day), rain poured out on the earth, and the flood continued on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and the water multiplied, and lifted up the ark, and it rose above the earth and floated on the surface of the waters.
"And the waters of the earth increased exceedingly, so that all the high mountains that are under the whole heaven were covered" (Gen. 7: 19) And every creature that was on the surface of the earth lost its life, only Noah and what was with him in the ark remained.
The water increased on the earth for one hundred and fifty days, after which it began to decrease.
"And the ark stopped in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat.
The water was constantly decreasing until the tenth month; on the first day of the tenth month, the tops of the mountains appeared. " (Gen. 8: 4,5)
On the first day of the following year, the water on the earth dried up; and Noah opened the roof of the ark, and in the second month, on the twenty seventh day, the earth dried up.
And God said to Noah, "Come out of the ark, you and your wife, and your sons, and your sons' wives with you; bring out all the animals with you <...
> And I will no longer amaze everyone who lives <...
> And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth…
God ordered that the length of the ark should be 300 cubits( 133.5 m); the width 50 cubits (22.25 m), and the height 30 cubits (13.35 m).
He also ordered Noah to make a hole in the ark, and to bring it down to the top by a cubit (52 cm), and to make a door to the ark from the side; to arrange three compartments in it.
These compartments were supposed to be one above the other.
The ark itself was to be made of "gopher" wood and tarred with resin, and the compartments in it inside and outside.
Nothing more is said about the structure of the ark.
The duration of the construction of the ark[edit / edit wiki text]
By the age of 500, Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham and Japhet.
By the time the construction was completed, Noah was 600 years old.
The Bible is silent about when exactly Noah started working on the ark, but the sixth chapter of Genesis with the description of the command to build the Ark follows after the 500th anniversary of Noah Gen. 5:32.
According to the Masoretic (Jewish) text, Noah was born in 1056 (according to the Septuagint in 1663) from the Creation of the world.
His age, like other antediluvian patriarchs, is calculated in hundreds of years: by the time the construction of the Ark began, Noah was 500 years old and Noah already had three sons, by the beginning of the flood — 600, but all the years of Noah's life were 950.
According to Jewish tradition, all dates in the Bible correspond to the lunar months of the Jewish calendar.
Thus, the flood lasted 11 days longer than the lunar year, which corresponds to an entire solar year[1].
References in ancient and medieval sources[edit / edit wiki text]
Noah's Ark is mentioned by Josephus (I c. AD) and Marco Polo (XIII c.).
Quotes
After the Lord God had warned the people, He sent rain, and for forty days torrents of water poured continuously, so that it covered the earth fifty cubits high.
This was the reason that in general no one else (except Noah and his family) was saved, since there was no means of retreat and escape.
Only one hundred and fifty days after the rain stopped pouring, it was on the seventh day of the seventh month that the water began to gradually sell off.
Then, when the ark stopped on the top of a mountain in Armenia, and Noah noticed this, the latter opened it and, seeing some land near the ark, began to hope for the best and calmed down.
A few days later, when the water had subsided even more, he released the raven, wanting to find out if there was still land free of water and already available for landing.
However, he returned to Noah, finding that everything was still covered with water.
Seven days later, Noah released a dove for the same purpose.
But when the latter returned to him, soiled and carrying an olive leaf, Noah saw that the earth was freed from water, and after waiting another seven days, he released the animals from the ark and went out himself with his household.
After offering a sacrifice to the Lord God, he and his relatives arranged a sacrificial feast.
The Armenians call this place "the landing place", and the natives still show the remains of the ark there.
This flood and the ark are also mentioned by all those who wrote the history of the Gentiles.
Among them is the Chaldean Berosus.
In one place [of his essay], he speaks as follows about the flood: they say that a remnant of this ark is still preserved in Armenia on Mount Kordu, and that some take resin from it, using it in most cases as a remedy for diseases.
This is also mentioned by the Egyptian Jerome, who wrote the most ancient history of Phoenicia, Mnasei and some others.
Similarly, Nicholas of Damascus, telling about this in the ninety sixth book, reports the following: above the area of Miniada there is a high mountain named Baris in Armenia, on which, according to legend, many people sought refuge and found salvation during the flood.
It is also reported that someone in the ark stopped at its top and that for a long time the remains of this ship were preserved [here].
Perhaps this is the same person about whom Moses, the Jewish lawgiver, also wrote.
- Josephus, I century[2]
In Great Armenia, I will tell you again, on a high mountain — Noah's Ark.
- Marco Polo, XIII century[3]
In the central part of Armeina stands an exceedingly large mountain, upon which, it is said, the ark of Noah rested, and for this reason it is termed the mountain of the ark.
- Marco Polo, XIII century[4]
The Ark in the legends of other peoples[edit / edit wiki text]
Legends about the flood are found in the mythology of other Middle Eastern peoples, but almost no descriptions of the ships on which the characters of these legends were saved have reached us.
In 2010, researcher Irving Finkel from the British Museum discovered a cuneiform tablet with a description of the legend of Atrahasis, which, among other things, reported about the shape of the ship.
The tablet dates back to about 1700 BC.
According to the text, the ship on which Atrahasis was saved was round and made of reeds, nothing is said about the size of the ark.
According to the story, the God who informed Atrahasis about the coming flood told him to destroy his dwelling and make a round ship out of reeds, the length and width of which would be equal ("leave your property and save your life!").
After the construction, Atrahasis went inside and ordered the servant who remained outside to seal the entrance, thus managing to escape from the flood[5].
The Search for Noah's Ark[edit / edit wiki text]
A photo of a Durupinar taken by a Turkish pilot in 1957.
The supposed remains of Noah's Ark near Mount Ararat in Turkey.
According to the Armenian historiography[the source is not specified 1110 days], one of the saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church — Hakob Mtsbnetsi, who wanted to find the ark, made many attempts to climb Ararat.
But every time, according to legend, he fell asleep halfway and woke up at the bottom.
The story tells how one day, during another attempt, an angel allegedly appears to him in a dream and asks him not to try to find the ark anymore, but promises to give him a piece of the wooden hull of the ship.
Legend has it that, having woken up, St. Hakob discovers a fragment of the ark nearby and brings it to the Etchmiadzin Cathedral, where this fragment is kept to this day.
At the place where, according to legend, the fragment was discovered, the monastery of St. Nicholas was later erected.
Akopa, and the Akhor gorge (Vihk Maseats or Akori) on the north eastern slope of the mountain also became known as the gorge of St. Hakob.
This legend is an adaptation of an earlier legend, which featured Mount Judi (see Ararat#St. James and the inaccessibility of the summit of Ararat).
Since about the beginning of the IV century[the source is not specified 1305 days], attempts have been made from time to time to find the remains of Noah's ark in the area of Mount Ararat — where, according to one of the traditions, the ark landed on the earth after the flood.
In the XIX and XX centuries, several expeditions visited those places, and although none of them found the ark, many of the researchers claimed to have seen something identified as its remains.
In 1887, John Joseph, who calls himself Prince Nuri and Archbishop of Babylon, reported that he had found the remains of the ark on Ararat.
Six years later, he tried to organize an expedition to disassemble the Ark and deliver it to the World's Fair in Chicago.
He was able to get funding, but the Turkish government did not give permission for transportation in case the Ark was found.
Nuri's report is considered extremely dubious due to the identity of Nuri, who uses unconfirmed titles and spent some time in a hospital for the insane in California[6].
The Russian language press has a popular story about a Russian military pilot, Lieutenant Vladimir Roskovitsky, who emigrated to America, who during the First World War in 1916, flying over the city of Ararat, saw what he called a "lying big ship" and assumed that it was Noah's Ark.
The pilot sketched what he saw and wrote a report.
A year later, the air forces of the Russian Empire allegedly sent an expedition of 150 people with Roskovitsky to Armenia on the city of Ararat, which found the Ark[7][not in the source] and took many photos of it, but during the revolution, the report allegedly disappeared without a trace, Turkey by that time was actively fighting against Russia and Armenia, and Mount Ararat was occupied.
Documentary evidence of the discovery, as well as the existence of a pilot with such a surname, except for the article of a person calling himself the son of this pilot, in the magazine "Technique - youth", was not found.
In 1955, the French industrialist and explorer Fernand Navarre [8] undertook an expedition to Ararat, from which he brought the remains of a board, broken off, according to him, from a wooden skeleton, presumably being an Ark.
Some of the studies conducted partially confirmed the age of the tree at 5,000 years, but all of them were very subjective and variable.
In particular, the researchers disagreed about what kind of oak it was, and one of the laboratories basically refused to consider the option that it could be a species with a lower density of wood, which would show a younger age.
As a result, radiocarbon analysis data obtained from five laboratories dated the remains of the tree to the second half of the 1st millennium AD[9].
Currently, one of the main places where, according to the seekers, the ark rests is the Ararat Anomaly[10].
The anomaly is an object of unknown nature protruding from the snow on the northwestern slope of Mount Ararat, 2200 meters from the top.
Scientists who have access to the images explain the formation by natural causes.
On site research is difficult because the area located near the Armenian Turkish border is a military closed zone, and access to it is limited.
Another potential location of the ark is Tendyurek, an area about 30 kilometers south of Ararat (39°26'26" s. w. 44°14 ' 04 " vd / 39.44056° s. w. 44.23444° vd / 39.44056; 44.23444 (G) (O)).
In 1957, the American magazine "Life" published photos taken in this area from an airplane.
The captain of the Turkish army, Ilham Durupinar, looking through aerial photographs, found interesting formations that resembled a ship in shape, and sent them to the magazine.
The article caught the eye of Ron Wyatt, an American anesthesiologist who decided to study this phenomenon.
After several expeditions, he came to the conclusion that this formation is nothing but Noah's Ark[11].
As in the case of the Ararat Anomaly, professional archaeologists do not take these statements seriously.
Nevertheless, in 1987, together with the district administration, a small tourist center was built in this place.
[12].
There are several other areas that various organizations involved in the search for the ark consider to be its potential location.
Thus, the Bible Archaeology Search and Exploration Institute (BASE), a fundamentalist American organization, believes that the remains of the ark should be searched in Iran.
On her return, an expedition to the Elbursi Mountains, equipped by her in July 2006, stated that she had seen an object at an altitude of about 4,500 meters, the dimensions of which coincided with those indicated in the Bible.
None of the members of the expedition is a professional geologist or archaeologist.
In October 2009, scientists visited inside and filmed, as they claim, the remains of the legendary Noah's Ark on Mount Ararat.
The archaeological find was made during a joint expedition of scientists from Turkey and Hong Kong.
All photos and videos are available on the official website of the research group noahsarksearch.com.
The participants of the expedition periodically give lectures in different countries of the world, sharing their thoughts and impressions.
Criticism of the search for the ark on Ararat[edit / edit wiki text]
According to modern ideas, the name "mountains of Ararat" in the Bible does not refer to Ararat itself, but to the mountains in Urartu an area in the north of Assyria and, at other times, a state north of Assyria.
According to the Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia, there is nothing to indicate that the ark landed precisely on the modern Mount Ararat[13].
The famous Soviet orientalist I. Sh.
Shifman writes that "the announcement of "Ararat" is late, first attested in the Septuagint.
However, the Qumran manuscripts chronologically close to it also preserved the 'wrrt' variant, suggesting the announcement of 'Urarat' " [14].
In the scientific translation of the Pentateuch made by Shifman, the corresponding passage (Gen. 8:4) reads as follows: "And the ark stopped in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, near the mountains of Urartu"[15].
Opponents of the Ark search[edit / edit wiki text]
In the Middle Ages, people did not dare to look for the ark, because some chronicles said that the day when the remains of the ark were found, the end of the world could come (there are many people who are convinced of this today).
In medieval Armenia itself, the search for the ark was condemned, however, not for this reason at all: Mount Ararat was considered holy, and searching for the ark there was tantamount to sacrilege[source not specified 1110 days].
The Ark in literature and art[edit / edit wiki text]
In the literature[edit / edit wiki text]
See also Noah
Kobo Abe.
"The Sakura Ark". (1984)
A novel about the earth after a nuclear war.
Vladimir Mayakovsky, "Mystery Buff".
The Ark is one of the places of action, along with heaven, hell and the promised land.
Andrey Platonov.
"Noah's Ark". (1951)
The unfinished play mystery.
Gerald Durrell.
"New Noah", "The overloaded Ark", "The Ark on the island".
A well known naturalist uses the name of the patriarch and the theme of the ark for the titles of books about collecting animals.
Noah's Ark on the state emblem of Armenia
Noah's Ark (top left) in the coat of arms of the city of Nakhichevan (founded, according to legend, by Noah) of the Georgian Imereti province, 1843
In painting[edit / edit wiki text]
The Ballymote Book
In music[edit / edit wiki text]
Britten, Benjamin (opera "Noah's Ark" (1958), for children) The video for the song "Forever Not Yours" by the Norwegian pop group a ha shows the near future and the construction of a similar Ark.
In the cinema[edit / edit wiki text]
Noah's Ark (1928) "The Bible" (1966) "Stowaways on Noah's Ark" (cartoon, 1988) Noah's Ark (1999) The Heavenly Captain and the world of the future " Noah's Ark "(VOX Film / VOX Video 2007) Evan the Almighty 2012 Noah (2014) Oops ...
Noah sailed away! (cartoon, 2015)
In computer games[edit / edit wiki text]
In ANNO 2070, the Arks are huge (the size of a small island) ships that move under water and are used to populate new islands that covered the Earth after the melting of glaciers.
[significance of the fact?]
Documentaries[edit / edit wiki text]
Noah's Ark The True Story / Noah's Ark — The Real Story (BBC / 2004) Riddles of the Bible: In search of Noah / Riddles of the Bible: Search of Noah (National Geographic / 2006) In search of an answer.
Noah's Ark (Astro TV / 2012)
In heraldry[edit / edit wiki text]
Noah's Ark is depicted on the state emblem of Armenia; on the coats of arms of the Armenian region[16] and the Georgian Imereti province[16][17] The Russian Empire, as well as cities that were part of the Armenian region[16] and the Georgian Imereti province[16] (the upper part of the shield).
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
Matsya
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
Rashi's comment with reference to Bereshit Rab 33: "The rains began on the seventeenth day of the second month (7: 11).
These are eleven days for which the solar year is longer than the lunar one, because the punishment of the flood generation lasted for a whole solar year."
Иуд Jewish antiquities, book.
I, ch .
III ↑ A book about the diversity of the world, book.
I, ch .
XXII ↑ The Travels of Marco Polo, book.
I, ch .
IV ↑ Noah's Ark turned out to be round Ren Rene Noorbergen.
The Ark File.
USA, 2004, ISBN 978-1-57258-266-8 ↑ Ooparts & Ancient High Technology Flood of Noah?
Archpriest Stefan Lyashevsky, The Bible and the science of creation.
Part four.
The history of the search for Noah's Ark.
↑ Index to Creationist Claims: CH504.2.
Navarra retrieved hand hewn wood from high on Ararat.
Ара The Ararat Anomaly: images from space, 2006 ↑ A detailed description of Ron Wyatt's research ↑ Noah's Ark (1995) Ри Rineker F., Mayer G. Ararat / / Brockhaus Bible Encyclopedia.
- Christliche Verlagsbuchhandlung Paderborn, 1999.
- 1226 p. Уч Teaching.
The Five Books of Moiseyevo / Trans., introduction and commentary by I. Sh.
Shifman.
- M.: Republic, 1993.
- p. 273 — - 335 p.
— ISBN 5-250-00781-3.
Шиф Shifman, p .
63 ↑ 1 2 3 4 P. P. von Winkler.
Coats of arms of cities, provinces, regions and townships of the Russian Empire, included in the Complete Collection of Laws from 1649 to 1900.
- Edition of the bookseller Iv.
Iv.
Ivanov — - St. Petersburg, 1899 — - 312 p. Полное The complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Olga Sudnikovich How many arks are there on Ararat?
Part 3.
Land expeditions and the Second Ark / / The Great Epoch, 21.07.2012.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Noah's Ark on Wikimedia Commons?
Noah's Ark article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia The Ararat Anomaly from the satellite (WikiMapia)
The Story of Noah The characters of Noah
Events Flood | Covenant with humanity | Settlement of peoples Basic concepts Noah's Ark | Ararat | Dove of Peace | Seven Laws of the descendants of Noah | Bnei Noah ("Sons of Noah") In various sources Nuh Children of Noah Shem | Japhet | Ham
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noah's Ark&oldid=74953532"
Categories: Biblical archeology Ships and ships in religion and mythology Old Testament stories Noah's ark The Book of Genesis
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