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Articles / History / History of the Great King of Israel - Solomon
The Story of the Great King of Israel - Solomon
THE STORY OF THE GREAT KING OF ISRAEL - SOLOMON
The Appearance of Solomon
The legendary ruler of the united kingdom of Israel was born from King David and his beloved wife Bathsheba (Bat Sheba).
The future king was named Shlomo (Solomon), which in Hebrew means " peacemaker "("shalom" — "peace"," not war", and" Shalem " — "perfect","whole").
The reign of Solomon from 965 to 928 BC is called the era of the heyday of the monarchy and Jewish power.
During his 40 year reign, Solomon became famous as the wisest and most dispassionate ruler in the whole world, there are many legends and fairy tales about his talent for foresight and sensitivity.
It was Solomon who built the main shrine of Judaism – the Jerusalem Temple on Mount Zion, which his father David had planned to build during his lifetime.
Solomon and David are also known as righteous, loyal kings who, by their devotion and innate wisdom, deserved to be the favorites of the Most High.
When Solomon was a little less than a year old, the king's confidant, the prophet Nathan, gave him the name Yedidya ("God's favorite" - Shmuel I 12, 25).
After that, some are convinced that "Solomon" was just a nickname.
Meanwhile, Solomon was the youngest son of David.
Two brothers, Amnon and Avshalom, died before reaching adulthood, and the eldest was the 4th son, Adonijah, and therefore formalities required that he should become the successor to the Israeli throne.
David promised Bathsheba that he would make Solomon his successor, who would continue his dynasty and rule the entire state.
Saddened by his father's injustice, Adonijah found support in the person of the military commander Yoab and the high priest Evyatar, who also believed that Adonijah had a greater right to the throne than Solomon.
At the same time, Solomon's supporters argued that Adonijah was not the firstborn son of David, and therefore the king had the power to judge his sons according to his own will.
Without waiting for David's death, the brothers joined the fight.
Adonijah, wishing to attract the people with a royal magnificent feast, surrounded himself with a large retinue of horsemen, started chariots and fifty runners.
On the appointed day and hour, he gathered his entourage and arranged a bright celebration outside the city in honor of proclaiming himself the new king of the state of Israel.
Solomon's mother found out about this and, with the help of the prophet Nathan, she managed to convince David not to delay and on the same day appoint Solomon as his successor.
Together with the priest Zadok, the prophet Nathan, B'nayagu and a large detachment of the royal bodyguards, they all went to the Gihon spring, where the priest anointed Solomon as king.
After the rite was performed, the sounds of a horn were heard, the people shouted: "Long live the Tsar!".
Everyone who was present at the ceremony, or at least knew about it, perceived the will of the dying David as the will of the Almighty, and therefore hurried to escort the new king Solomon to the palace with music and cheering shouts.
Having learned about the anointing of his brother, Adonijah was afraid of Solomon's revenge and took refuge in the sanctuary, " grabbing the horns of the altar."
Solomon came to him and promised that he would not touch him if he behaved with dignity from now on.
After David's death, Solomon did not delay in order to justify and strengthen his authority – every action of the king caused only admiration for his intelligence and foresight.
Meanwhile, Adonijah tried to get his way: he asked the queen's mother for a blessing to marry Abishag, Solomon's concubine.
In the popular consciousness, such a gesture could become a reasonable basis for proclaiming him king, since Adonijah was not only the brother and confidant of Solomon, but also possessed his woman.
Without any passion or jealousy, and, as he himself believed, keeping his promise to execute his brother in case of bad behavior, Solomon ordered Adonia to be hanged.
After this execution, Solomon decided to get rid of the remaining "well – wishers" once and for all a follower of Adonijah Yoav and a long time enemy of the Davidic dynasty Shimi, a relative of Shauliai.
Yoava immediately tried to hide in the sanctuary, but B'nayagu quickly found and killed him.
The new composition of the government of King Solomon consisted of three high priests, the commander of the troops, the Minister of taxation, the head of the royal administration and the head of the 12 governors, as well as several court chroniclers.
As already mentioned, Solomon was not subject to a blind thirst for revenge, and there are practically no documents in history confirming the use of the death penalty by the king.
In relation to Yoab and Shimi, Solomon only fulfilled David's will.
Solomon made B'nayaga the new commander of the troops, after which, feeling completely confident, he began to solve strategic tasks.
Foreign policy
The united Kingdom of Israel (Israel and Judea) occupied a fairly large territory, being a significant and influential state of Asia.
Solomon decided to start the development strategy of the state by establishing and strengthening friendly relations with neighbors.
Thus, the powerful Egypt could promise to secure the Southern border of Israel.
By marrying the daughter of the Egyptian pharaoh, Solomon not only ended the half thousand year old enmity between the Jews and the Egyptians, but also received from the pharaoh as a dowry the Canaanite Gezer that he had previously conquered.
Then Solomon took up the resumption of relations with David's long - time friend, the Phoenician king Hiram the northern neighbor of the kingdom of Israel.
It was rumored that it was in order to get closer to neighboring peoples and strengthen his power that Solomon took Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian and Hittite women, who belonged to the noble families of these peoples, to wife.
Kings of different countries brought gifts of gold, silver, clothing, weapons and cattle to Solomon.
Solomon's wealth was so great that "he made silver equal to stones in Jerusalem, and made cedars equal to sycamores" (Mlachim I 2: 10, 27).
But most of all the king loved horses, he even introduced cavalry and chariots into the Jewish army – the first in the history of the state.
Despite the improvement in foreign policy, the population of the Kingdom of Israel remained dissatisfied with Solomon's polygamy, mainly because women introduced the pagan cultures of their states into the royal house, and the king, they say, was tolerant of this.
For example, when Solomon built a temple on the Mount of Olives for the Moabite god Kmosh and the Ammonite god Moloch, rumors began to circulate among the prophets and people loyal to the God of Israel, that the king was getting old, allowing idolatry in his state.
It was also said that luxury and an idle lifestyle corrupted the heart of Solomon, and he went on about his concubines.
The king is doubly condemned for distancing himself from the Israelite God because, according to the Torah, the Most High honored Solomon with divine revelation as many as twice.
The first time, even before the construction of the Temple, on the night before the sacrifice ceremony in Givon, God appeared to Solomon in a dream and offered to ask him what his heart pleases.
Solomon could have taken the opportunity to ask for at least longevity or victory over enemies, not to mention wealth, but he only asked for wisdom and the ability to manage his people.
The generous God promised him wisdom, wealth and glory, and if he keeps the commandments, then longevity.
After the construction of the Temple was completed, God visited Solomon again, saying that He had heeded his prayer for the lighting of the Temple, and that he would protect the dynasty of David only if all His sons remained faithful to Him.
Otherwise, the Temple will be rejected, and the people will be expelled from the country.
When Solomon, besotted with his numerous wives, distanced himself from the Most High and "set foot on the path of idolatry," God took away the king's son's power over Israel, leaving him only power over Judea.
A just and wise king
Many still consider Solomon to be the personification of wisdom, that there is even a saying: "He who sees Solomon in a dream can hope to become wise" (Brachot 57 b).
When resolving any issues, the tsar did not need to interrogate witnesses, since at one glance at the conflicting parties he understood who was right and who was wrong.
His wisdom was also manifested in the fact that Solomon, wanting to spread the Torah throughout the country, built synagogues and schools.
However, the king was not distinguished by arrogance either: when it was necessary to determine a leap year, he invited 7 learned elders to him, "in whose presence he kept silent" (Shmot Rabbah, 15, 20).
The well known legends about Solomon also serve as an indicator of his perspicacity and intelligence.
Once two women came to the tsar for trial, who could not divide the baby between them - both said that it was her child.
Solomon, without hesitation, ordered the baby to be cut in half, so that each woman would get a piece.
The first said: "Cut it down, and let no one get it," to which the second exclaimed: "Give it to her, but just donot kill him!".
Solomon decided the court in favor of the second woman, giving the child to her, because she was his mother.
The equally well known legend about the ring of Solomon is interpreted in different ways.
Once the king turned to the court sage for help.
Solomon complained that his life is restless, the passions boiling around distract from politics, he lacks composure, and wisdom does not always help to cope with anger and annoyance.
The court sage gave the king a ring on which the phrase "It will pass" was engraved, and said that the next time he felt an uncontrollable influx of emotions, he would look at the ring, and it would become easier for him.
The tsar was delighted with the philosophical gift, but soon the day came when, after reading the inscription "Everything will pass", he could not calm down.
The ruler took the ring off his finger and was about to throw it away, but then on the back of the ring he saw another inscription "This will also pass".
In the second version of the legend, it is told that one day Solomon, sitting in his palace, saw a man dressed from head to toe in gold on the street.
The king called him to him and asked him what he was doing and how he could afford such chic clothes.
The man proudly replied that he was a jeweler, and he earns quite well in his craft.
The king grinned and gave the jeweler a task: that in three days he would forge a gold ring for him, which would bring joy to sad people, and sadness to joyful people.
And if he does not complete the tasks, he will be executed.
Three days later, the young jeweler, shaking with fear, entered the palace of Solomon and met the king's son Rahavam.
The jeweler thought, "The son of a sage is half a sage," and dared to ask Rahavam for advice.
Rahavam just grinned, took a nail and scratched three Hebrew letters on three sides of the ring: "gimel", "zain"and " yud".
After turning the ring, Solomon immediately understood the meaning of the letters, the abbreviation גם זוו יווורר is interpreted as "This too will pass".
The king imagined that now he was sitting in his palace, surrounded by all the benefits that one could wish for, and tomorrow everything could change.
The thought made Solomon sad.
When Ashmodai threw him to the end of the world, and Solomon had to wander for three years, looking at the ring, he understood that this would also pass, and this understanding gave him strength.
The greatness and splendor of the reign of Solomon
Legends say that during the entire reign of David's son Shlomo, the disk of the moon in the sky did not decrease, so that good always surpassed evil.
Solomon was so smart, powerful and great that he managed to subdue all animals, birds, angels and demons.
The precious stones were delivered to Solomon's palace by demons, and angels guarded them.
With the help of a magic ring, on which the name of the God of Israel was engraved, Solomon learned many secrets about the world from the angels.
Solomon also knew the language of beasts and animals: they all obeyed his authority.
Peacocks and various exotic birds freely walked around the palace.
The throne of King Solomon deserves special attention.
In the Second Targum to the book of Esther (1. p.), it is said that 12 golden lions and the same number of golden eagles sat opposite each other on the steps of the throne of the king of Israel.
On the top of the throne is a golden image of a dove with a dovecote in its claws as a symbol of Israel's superiority over the Gentiles.
There was also a golden candlestick with fourteen candle cups, seven of which were engraved with the names of saints: Adam, Noah, Shem, Abraham, Yitzhak, Yaakov and Job, and seven others - the names of Levi, Keat, Amram, Moshe, Aaron, Eldad and Hur.
Twenty four vines attached above the throne created a shadow over Solomon's head.
As it is said in the Targum, when the king ascended to the throne, the lions stretched out their paws with the help of a mechanical device so that Solomon could lean on them.
In addition, the throne itself was moved at the request of the king.
When Solomon, ascending to the throne, reached the last step, the eagles lifted him up and sat him on a chair.
Solomon was helped in all his affairs by angels, demons, animals, birds, and the Almighty himself.
He was never alone, and he could always rely not only on his wisdom, but also on otherworldly forces.
For example, angels helped the king during the construction of the Temple legends tell how miraculously heavy stones themselves rose up and lay down in the right place.
According to most sources, Solomon reigned for about 37 years and died at the age of 52, overseeing the construction of a new altar.
The tsar's entourage did not immediately bury him in the hope that the ruler simply fell into a lethargic sleep.
When the worms began to sharpen the king's staff, Solomon was finally declared dead and buried with all honors.
Even during his lifetime, the God of Israel was angry with Solomon for being involved in pagan cultures and identifying idolatry with the Most High, promising his people many troubles and hardships.
After the death of the king, some of the conquered peoples organized a violent uprising, as a result of which the unified Israeli state broke up into 2 parts - the Israeli and Jewish kingdoms.
Author: Anna Zhila
Swords of Heroes:
The Sword of King Solomon
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