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James Cook's first round the world expedition
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At the end of August, on the 26th of 1768, the ship Endeavour sailed from the port of Plymouth and headed for the shores of the island of Tahiti.
The commander of the expedition was appointed Captain James Cook, who showed himself brilliantly during the capture of Quebec, when performing a task with drawing a fairway line on the map, as a result of which British military vessels easily managed to pass along the St. Lawrence River.
The purpose of Cook's first expedition was astronomical observation of the passage of Venus through the solar disk, but other sources, not without reason, claim that the main reason for this voyage was the search for the Southern continent.
England needed new colonies, because among all the dominant countries of that time there was a serious struggle for new possessions.
It was also necessary to explore the east coast of Australia, which was still unknown at that time.
So, the first goal of James Cook's round the world trip is the island of Tahiti.
Arriving there, the first thing the captain did was to establish good relations with the natives.
At that time, this was a rarity, because, as you know, most colonizers forcibly took territories from savages.
Cook believed that after some time this friendship should benefit the British Kingdom.
On the other hand, it was much easier to prepare for space exploration this way.
As for additional protection, it was decided to create a fortification fort, the garrison of which numbered a little more than 40 people.
At the beginning of May, the phenomenon was investigated and the ship began to prepare for departure.
Now the expedition's path lay to the shores of New Zealand.
The ship arrived at the place in early April 1770, and after meeting with the natives of the island, it became clear that there would be no peace between them.
James Cook decided to sail along the western coast of the island in search of a secluded place where he could safely repair the ship.
A couple of days later, such a place was found, it was a bay, later called Queen Charlotte Bay.
Deciding to take a walk on land, Cook climbed to an elevation and saw that New Zealand was divided by a strait.
Since then, this strait has been called Cook.
On July 11, rounding the east coast of Australia, the ship "Endeavour" ran aground and severely damaged its hull.
With great efforts of the crew, the ship was pulled out of the shoal, but now there was a large hole in it, which required immediate repair.
During the search for a suitable place, the ship was kept afloat thanks to the canvas covering the hole and the constant operation of the pump pumps.
Subsequently, the place was found, the ship was repaired, but due to the great threat of collision with reefs in these places (the Great Barrier Reef area), the ship went along the reef with small steps.
And a few days later, the strait between New Guinea and Australia was discovered.
Thus, it became clear that New Guinea is an island, and not a part of the mainland.
Meanwhile, the crew was gripped by an epidemic of malaria.
And when the ship arrived in Cape Town, about 15 people remained in working condition.
On the island, the crew was replenished and on July 12, 1771, the Endeavour delivered its people back to England.
The travels of the famous mariner did not end there.
After resting for 3 weeks from a tedious voyage, he receives a new order from the Admiralty.
The second Cook expedition begins, the history of which you can learn from the materials at the link above.
If you have a desire to learn even more read about the third expedition of James Cook, from which he did not return.
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05.02.2015 zkzakhar
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