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// Space
"Planets in the habitable zone are often found"
An interview about how a planet was found in the Alpha Centauri system and how Russia could join such research
Anna Saburova, Nikolay Podorvanyuk
23.10.2012, 14:39
dailygalaxy.com
Russia should actively participate in the research of exoplanets, RAS Academician Rashid Syunyaev believes
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In the near future, exobiology should become one of the most rapidly developing sciences, and Russia should actively participate in the study of exoplanets, RAS academician Rashid Syunyaev believes.
Details of the discovery of a planet similar to Earth in the Alpha Centauri star system " Newspaper.
Ru " said the head of research Xavier Dumusk.
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Earth in Alpha Centauri
ESO astronomers have discovered a planet with a mass close to the mass of the Earth in the closest star system to us — alpha Centauri.
This is the most low mass...
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— Were you surprised when you first realized that you had discovered a planet so close?
- the correspondents of the Newspaper asked.
En" by Xavier Dumuska, the lead author of an article in Nature, about the discovery of a planet with a mass close to the mass of the Earth in the closest star system to us — Alpha Centauri.
— We saw the first signs that there is a planet there back in January of this year.
According to statistical studies, 50% of stars have planets with a mass less than that of Saturn, so it is not surprising to find a planet near a neighboring star.
Much more interesting is that this planet has almost the mass of the Earth, and it is the only low mass planet found so far, orbiting a Sun type star.
— Why is it so important to find an Earth mass planet close to the Solar system?
— Many results have been obtained with the Kepler satellite, which have deepened our knowledge about low mass planets.
However, most of the planets discovered by him are too far away, and the signal from them is too weak to make subsequent more accurate observations and study their atmospheres.
Bright and close stars, such as Alpha Centauri B, are much better suited for such observations.
Now every effort is being made to increase the number of bright systems found containing low mass exoplanets.
"Science and innovation are the basis for the success of any economy"
How are astronomy and innovation connected and how many millions of euros can the industry get by creating telescopes, the correspondent of " Gazeta.
Ru " found out ...
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Naturally, searches based on high precision measurement of radial velocities, such as ours, are also aimed at this.
And then there are space missions, for example, TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), which will be launched by NASA in 2016.
They allow you to detect the passage of planets against the background of close and bright stars.
— Is it possible to somehow refine your result using modern available technologies and telescopes?
— Several scientific groups in the world conducted observations to detect low mass planets in the Alpha Centauri system.
Perhaps these searches will still be crowned with success and will give an interesting result.
Nevertheless, we emphasize that in order to make such a discovery, serious observations on high precision instruments are necessary.
In order to clarify our result, we need to try no less than ours.
And this, however, is very difficult.
— What are your plans for future research?
— Of course, we will continue to observe Alpha Centauri B in the hope of finding other planets there.
According to the detection statistics, low mass planets are often found in the company.
So far, we can only exclude the presence of massive planets with an orbital period of about 200 days, so it is still possible to find low mass planets in this system up to those distances from the star Alpha Centauri B, where life is possible.
In addition to measuring the radial velocities, we are going to conduct photometric observations of the passage of the planet against the background of Alpha Centauri B.
Not only to make sure that the planet really exists, but also to study its internal structure.
The combination of transit photometric measurements and radial velocity measurements will be particularly effective for studying this system.
So we are looking forward to the launch of the CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite) space telescope in 2017, where it will be possible to conduct high precision photometry of the passage of planets against the background of stars.
"Without the evolution of stars, it is impossible to understand the origin of life"
About why it is necessary to study the stars, who is doing this in Russia and how the largest Russian observatory, the SAO RAS, works now in an interview ...
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— Do you think that planets can exist in conditions suitable for life in the Milky Way?
- Of course.
Statistics made on the basis of data from the Kepler satellite and the HARPS spectrograph (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher) show that planets in the habitable zone, that is, where water can exist in liquid form, should be quite common.
However, we donot have enough accuracy to detect them.
This will be possible with ESPRESSO (Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations) - a new generation spectrograph whose resolution is so high that it will allow measuring displacements with radial velocities of the order of those that cause the presence of the Earth on the Sun.
This tool will be built on VLT (Very Large Telescope) in 2016.
— How can the discovery of life on other planets affect the people who inhabit the Earth?
— This is rather a philosophical question, it is difficult for me to answer it.
We donot yet know how life originated on Earth, so it's worth answering this question first, and then thinking about what will happen if we find life on other planets.
— There are many talented students in Russia who would like to study exoplanets, but due to the fact that there is little support for this field of science, it is poorly developed here.
What advice would you give to these young people?
— In astrophysics, it is difficult to study any topic, always staying in one place.
You should discover the prospect of studying abroad.
I personally spent two years writing my dissertation in Portugal, then moved to Geneva, and next year I'm leaving for the United States.
I think it's also a great travel opportunity.
"First of all, we should think about young scientists"
On the night of Friday, April 27, the Russian astrophysicist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Rashid Syunyaev was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal.
In an interview with "Gazeta.
Ru" ...
→
"The discovery of new exoplanets with an environment suitable for the habitation of life, similar to Earth, should make exobiology one of the fastest developing sciences," says Rashid Syunyaev, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, author of one of the most cited articles on astrophysics.
- Russia should be actively involved in the study of exoplanets (although it is already too late, and there is nothing to observe on).
If there was access to the telescopes of the European Southern Observatory, it would be possible to observe with the help of ALMA and VLT the planetary system and the distribution of dust in Alpha Centauri B — one of the nearest stars.
The ALMA millimeter and submillimeter interferometer (66 antennas at a 5 kilometer altitude) is able to resolve this system and would give (and will give in the near future!) unique information.
When you listen to reports on the results of the Kepler satellite hundreds of discovered exoplanets around distant stars!
— it becomes sad: life is raging around, and we have a lot left in the study of planets at the level of ideas of the 70s."
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