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/ Biographies / Kipling R.
Kipling p.
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Kipling, Rudyard (1865-1936), English writer.
Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907.
He was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay (India).
His father, a major specialist in the history of Indian art, was the director of the museum; his mother came from a well known London family; both grandfathers were Methodist ministers.
At the age of six, the boy was sent to England to be cared for by a Calvinist family.
In 1882, the sixteen year old Rudyard returned to India and got a job as an assistant editor in a Lahore newspaper.
The precocious young man surprised the local society with insightful judgments about the secret springs of colonial rule and knowledge of India, gleaned mainly in conversations with an encyclopedic educated father.
The annual holidays in the Himalayan city of Simla became the source of many of the writer's works.
In 1886, he published a book of poems Departmental Songs (Departmental Ditties).
It was followed by Simple Stories from the Mountains (Plain Tales from the Hills, 1888) - concise, often rude stories about the life of British India.
In 1887, Kipling joined the Pioneer newspaper in Allahabad.
His best stories were published in India, in cheap editions, and were later collected in the books Three Soldiers (Soldiers Three) and Wee Willie Winkie (Wee Willie Winkie), containing pictures of the life of the British army in India.
In 1889, Kipling traveled around the world, writing travel notes.
In October, he arrived in London and almost immediately became a celebrity.
The following year was the year of Kipling's fame.
Starting with the Ballad of East and West (The Ballad of East and West), he went to a new style of English versification, creating Barrack Room Ballads.
With the release of Kipling's first novel, The Light That Failed (1890), some bibliographic difficulties are associated, since it appeared in two versions – one with a happy ending, the other with a tragic one.
Due to overwork, the writer's health was shaken, and he spent most of 1891 traveling around America and the British dominions.
Returning in January 1892, he married the sister of the American publisher W. Balestier, with whom he co authored the unsuccessful novel Naulanka (1892).
During the honeymoon, which the Kipling couple spent in Japan, the bank crash left them penniless, and they settled in the Balestiere house in Brattleboro (Vermont).
During the four years he lived in America, Kipling wrote his best works.
These are stories included in the collections of Many Inventions (1893) and The Day's Work (1898), poems about ships, about the sea and pioneer sailors, collected in the book Seven Seas (1896), and two Jungle Books (Jungle Books, 1894-1895).
In 1896, he wrote the book Brave Navigators (Captains Courageous).
The Kiplings ' life in New England ended in a ridiculous quarrel with their brother in law, and in 1896 they returned to England.
On the advice of doctors, the writer spent winters in South Africa, where he became close to the ideologists of colonialism A. Milner, L. S. Jameson and S. Rhodes.
He was a war correspondent during the Boer War of 1899-1902.
At the height of fame and wealth, Kipling avoided publicity, ignored hostile criticism, refused the title of poet laureate and many honors.
In 1902, he settled in a remote village in the county of Sussex.
In 1901 Kipling published the novel Kim( Kim), his farewell to India, in 1902 a delightful children's book of Fairy tales just like that (Just So Stories).
By the middle of the writer's life, his literary manner had changed, now he wrote slowly, carefully, carefully checking what he wrote.
The two books of historical stories Puck of Pook's Hill (1906), and Rewards and Fairies (1910) are characterized by a higher structure of feelings, some of the poems reach the level of pure poetry.
Kipling continued to write stories collected in the books Ways and Discoveries (1904), Action and Reaction (1909), A Variety of Creatures (1917), Debits and Credits (1926), Restriction and Renewal (Limits and Renewals, 1932).
In the 1920s, Kipling's popularity declined.
The writer endured the death of his son in the First World War and persistent illnesses stoically.
Kipling died in London on January 18, 1936.
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