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George Walker Bush Jr.
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
Abraham Lincoln - the 16th president of the United States was born on February 12, 1809 in Gardin County (Kentucky), died on April 15, 1865 in Washington, DC.
President of the United States from March 4, 1861 to April 15, 1865.
Lincoln was born on a small farm, he was the second child in the family.
When Abraham was 7 years old, his family moved to southwest Indiana.
Having lost his younger brother, older sister and mother at an early age, he was raised by his stepmother, who already had three children from a previous marriage.
Lincoln received his education at home.
Having joined reading, he thoroughly learned the Bible (it was one of the few books in the family).
From an early age, Lincoln was an opponent of slavery.
His uncle was a slave owner, and his father, on the contrary, rejected slavery, since it not only did not correspond to his moral views, but also as a hired worker, created competition.
In 1830, the Lincoln family moved to Illinois.
Later, he left his family and settled in the village of Salem (Illinois), where he worked as a surveyor, postman, merchant, etc.
Having signed up as a volunteer in the army, Abraham participated in the Indian war of the "Black Falcons".
After receiving the rank of captain, Lincoln left the army.
He later sought a seat in the Illinois House of Representatives.
Having failed on the first attempt, he was elected 2 years later.
Representing the Whig Party, he also served as chairman of the finance committee.
After studying law, in 1836, Lincoln entered the Illinois House of Lawyers.
A year later, he moved to the state capital - Springfield, where he became a partner of a well known lawyer in the country.
The house where Abraham Lincoln was born
In 1842, Abe married the daughter of a planter from the South - Mary Todd, who later gave him 4 sons.
In the same year, his term in the Illinois House of Representatives expired.
In the presidential election of 1844, Lincoln actively supported Henry Clay, largely due to this, in 1846, the Whig party nominated Abe to Congress.
In the election of 1848, he vigorously supported the candidacy of Zachary Taylor, but after becoming president, Taylor did not find a place in the government for Lincoln.
Abraham Lincoln before the election
After the collapse of the Whig party, Lincoln joined the newly formed Republican party, becoming the leader of the party in Illinois.
He followed the vicissitudes of "Bloody Kansas" with concern and was outraged by the fact that the Supreme Court, justifying slavery, thereby violated the "Missouri Compromise.
In 1858, Democrat and incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas, responsible for the "Kansas - Nebraska" law, nominated his candidacy for the post of senator, in turn, Lincoln, nominated his candidacy from the opposition.
The candidates ' verbal duels attracted the masses of people, and Lincoln's famous speeches caused his supporters to tremble.
Despite the fact that Abraham lost the election, his anti slavery attitude attracted enough attention.
In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln, who relatively easily beat his rivals Salmon Chase and William Steward.
The Republican election campaign relied on the prohibition of slavery in the new territories, but did not prohibit it in the southern states.
Having received 180 electoral votes, Lincoln secured a solid lead over the competitors.
After becoming president, he replaced 80% of the posts held by Democrats.
Even before winning the election, the slave owning states threatened to secede from the Union if the Republicans won.
The first state to leave the Union was South Carolina, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.
James Buchanan, who had not yet resigned the powers of the president, allowed the seceding states to take possession of forts and weapons located on their territories.
Thus, in February 1861, the states that left the Union formed the Confederate States of America, making former Senator Jefferson Davis president.
In his inaugural speech, Lincoln once again drew attention to the fact that he does not intend to eradicate slavery where it already exists.
He also made it clear that the fate of the Union is in the hands of the southerners, and he does not think about a military conflict, but at the same time, Lincoln swore to preserve and protect the Union.
The Confederates demanded to give them Fort Sumter, located near Charleston, Lincoln accordingly refused, as a result, the troops of South Carolina fired at the fort.
Thus, on April 12, 1861, the Civil War began.
Soon the Union lost 4 more states: Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia.
The states: Delaware, Missouri, Kentucky and Maryland were thinking about which side they would switch to and eventually remained in the Union.
In important military posts, Lincoln put Democrats Benjamin Butler, John Logan and Edwin Stanton.
Abraham Lincoln at the front
On August 22, 1862, the publisher of the New York Tribune, Horace Greeley, asked Lincoln why he was in no hurry to free slaves: "My main goal is to preserve the Union, not to eradicate or preserve slavery.
If I had the opportunity to keep the Union without freeing the slaves, I would do it, and if I kept the Union while freeing the slaves, I would do it, and if I kept the Union while freeing some slaves and some not, I would do it.
What I am doing on the issues of slavery, I am doing because I believe it will help to preserve the Union…
This explains my intention, which I consider as an official duty... and I will not change my desire that all people should be free."
A month later, after the publication of this letter, the Confederate troops were driven out of Maryland.
This was the right moment to announce the declaration of freedom adopted by Lincoln.
According to the declaration, all slaves who were in the rebellious states after January 1, 1863 were considered free.
Lincoln and General McLellan March 10, 1862
After the adoption of the declaration of freedom, the nature of the war changed - now it was a war for the eradication of slavery.
A radical step was the fact of enlisting blacks in the army of the Northerners.
England and France, which were already ready to recognize the Confederate States of America as a state, and also to join their side, after the declaration of the "war against slavery", switched to the side of the Northerners.
On March 3, 1863, for the first time in the history of the United States, military duty was introduced.
This caused a storm of indignation on the part of the Democrats, especially, they clung to the point that allowed rich Americans to buy off the army or put someone in their place.
The turning point in the war came in July 1863.
As a result of the Battle of Gittesburg in Pennsylvania, the Confederates were forced to retreat to Virginia.
In March 1864, Ulysses Grant became the commander in chief of the army.
He, in company with William Sherman and Philip Sheridan, implements Lincoln's plan - a large - scale offensive, and on September 2, 1864, the Northerners captured Atlanta this turned out to be a decisive victory in the battle.
The presidential election of 1865 is again won by Lincoln.
In his inaugural speech, he extended the hand of reconciliation to the southerners.
On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was fatally wounded and died the same night, the first attempt on the president in the history of the United States.
The attacker turned out to be an actor from the South, John Wilkes Booth, who, together with a team of like minded people, was going to kill leading US politicians.
The funeral procession passed through many states, all the way to Lincoln's hometown of Springfield.
Millions of people took to the streets to say goodbye to their president.
The theater where Abraham Lincoln was fatally wounded
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US presidents, All presidents of the United States 1 George Washington 2 John Adams 3 Thomas Jefferson 4 James Madison 5 James Monroe 6 John Quincy Adams 7 Andrew Jackson 8 Martin van Buren 9.
William Henry Harrison 10 - John Tyler 11 James Knox Polk 12 - Zachary Taylor 13 - Millard Fillmore 14 - Franklin pierce 15 - James Buchanan 16 - Abraham Lincoln 17 - Andrew Johnson 18 - Ulysses Simpson Grant 19 Rutherford B. Hayes, a 20 - James Abram Garfield 21 - Chester Alan Arthur 22 - Stephen Grover Cleveland 23 - Benjamin Harrison 24 - Stephen Grover Cleveland 25 - William McKinley 26 - Theodore Roosevelt 27 - William Howard Taft 28 - Thomas Woodrow Wilson 29 - Gamaliel Warren G. Harding 30 - John Calvin Coolidge 31 - Herbert Clark Hoover 32 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt 33 - Harry S. Truman 34 - Dwight David Eisenhower 35 - John Fitzgerald Kennedy 36 - Lyndon Baines Johnson 37 - Richard Nixon 38 - Gerald Rudolph Ford 39 - Jimmy Carter 40 - Ronald Reagan 41 George Herbert Walker Bush 42 William (Bill)
Clinton 43 - George Walker Bush 44 - Barack Hussein Obama II Interesting facts about US presidents
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