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"Your friend Sergey Yesenin"
The life and creative path of S. A. Yesenin
S. A. Yesenin is a poet who lived a very short life, only 30 years old.
But over the years, he has written hundreds of beautiful poems, many "small" poems and large epic works, artistic prose, as well as an extensive epistolary heritage, which includes S. A. Yesenin's reflections on spiritual life, philosophy and religion, Russia and the revolution, the poet's responses to the events of the cultural life of Russia and foreign countries, reflections on the greatest works of world literature. "
<...
>I do not live in vain...", wrote Sergei Yesenin in 1914.
But over the years, he has written hundreds of beautiful poems, many "small" poems and large epic works, artistic prose, as well as an extensive epistolary heritage, which includes S. A. Yesenin's reflections on spiritual life, philosophy and religion, Russia and the revolution, the poet's responses to the events of the cultural life of Russia and foreign countries, reflections on the greatest works of world literature. "
<...
>I do not live in vain...", wrote Sergei Yesenin in 1914.
His bright and impetuous life left a deep mark both in the history of Russian literature and in the heart of every person.
S. A. Yesenin was born on October 3, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan province, in the family of peasants Alexander Nikitich and Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenin.
In one of his autobiographies, the poet wrote: "To write poetry I started with 9, read learned in 5" (V. 7, p. 15).
Their education Yesenin began in his native village, after graduating from Constantine Zemsky 4 year College (1904-1909).
In 1911, he enrolled in the "Second class teacher school" (1909-1912).
By 1912 includes the writing of the poem "the Legend of Kolovrat Evpatii about Khan Batu, color three handed, on the black idol and Our Saviour Jesus Christ", as well as training book of poems "Sick thoughts".
In July 1912, S. A. Yesenin moved to Moscow.
Here he settles at the address Bolshoy Strochenovsky Lane, house 24 (now the Moscow State Museum of S. A. Yesenin).
The young poet was full of strength and desire to declare himself.
It was in Moscow that the first well – known publication of S. A. Yesenin took place in the children's magazine "Mirok" - the poem "Birch" under the pseudonym "Ariston".
The poet was also published in the magazines "Protalinka", "Milky Way", "Niva".
In March 1913, he joined the printing house of the I. D. Sytin Partnership as an assistant proofreader.
In the printing house, he met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, with whom he entered into a civil marriage in the autumn of 1913.
This year the poet is working on the poem "Tosca" and the dramatic poem "The Prophet", the texts of which are unknown.
During his stay in Moscow, S. A. Yesenin enters the historical and Philosophical department of the A. L. Shanyavsky National University as a free listener, but also listens to lectures on the history of Russian literature, read by Yu.
I.Aikhenwald, P. N. Sakulin.
The young poet brought his poems to Professor P. N. Sakulin, wanting to hear his opinion.
The scientist especially highly appreciated the poem "The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake...".
S. A. Yesenin took part in the meetings of the Surikov Literary and Musical Circle, officially established in 1905.
However, the literary situation in Moscow seemed to the young poet insufficiently saturated, he believed that it was possible to achieve success in Petrograd.
In 1915, S. A. Yesenin left Moscow.
Arriving in the northern capital, the poet goes to Alexander Blok, hoping for his support.
The meeting of the two poets took place on March 15, 1915 and left a deep mark on everyone's life.
In his autobiography of 1925, S. A. Yesenin wrote: "When I looked at Blok, sweat dripped from me, because it was the first time I saw a living poet" (vol. 7, p. 19).
A. A. Blok left a positive review of S. A. Yesenin's poems: "The poems are fresh, clean, vociferous".
Blok introduced the young poet to the literary environment of Petrograd, introducing him to famous poets (S. M. Gorodetsky, N. A. Klyuev, Z. N. Gippius, D. S. Merezhkovsky, etc.), publishers.
S. A. Yesenin's poems are published in St. Petersburg magazines ("Voice of Life", "Monthly Magazine", "Chronicle"), the poet is invited to literary salons.
A particularly important and joyful event for the poet is the publication of his first collection of poems "Radunitsa" (1916).
In 1917, the poet married Z. N. Reich.
The poet initially enthusiastically welcomes the revolution that took place in 1917, hoping that the time of "peasant paradise"is coming.
But it cannot be said that the poet's attitude to the revolution was unambiguous.
He understands that the changes taking place are taking the lives of many thousands of people.
In the poem "Mare ships" S. A. Yesenin writes: "With the oars of severed hands / You are rowing to the land of the future" (vol . 2, p . 77).
The poet's work on the works "Father", "Coming", "Transfiguration", "Inonia"belongs to 1917-1918.
The year 1918 is connected in the life of S. A. Yesenin with Moscow.
Here, together with the poets A. B. Marienhof, V. G. Shershenevich, A. B. Kusikov, I. V. Gruzinov, he founded the literary movement of imagists, from the English word "image" - image.
Imagists ' poetry is filled with complex, metaphorical images.
However, S. A. Yesenin did not accept some of the provisions of his "fellow writers".
He was sure that the poem could not be just a "catalog of images", the image should be meaningful.
The poet defends the meaning and harmony of the image in the article "Life and Art".
S. A. Yesenin called the poem "Pugachev", on which he worked in 1920-1921, the highest manifestation of his imagism.
The poem was highly appreciated by Russian and foreign readers.
In the autumn of 1921, in the studio of the artist G. B. Yakulov, S. A. Yesenin met the American dancer Isadora Duncan, with whom he married on May 2, 1922.
Together with his wife, S. A. Yesenin made a trip to Europe and America.
During his stay abroad, S. A. Yesenin is working on the cycle "Moscow Kabatskaya", the dramatic poem "The Country of Scoundrels", the first edition of the poem"The Black Man".
In Paris, in 1922, the book "Confessions of a Hooligan" was published in French, and in Berlin in 1923 – "Poems of a Brawler".
The poet returned to Moscow in August 1923.
In the late period of creativity (1923-1925), S. A. Yesenin experienced a creative take off.
The true masterpiece of the poet's lyrics is the cycle "Persian motifs", written by S. A. Yesenin during a trip to the Caucasus.
The lyric epic poem "Anna Snegina" and the philosophical poem "Flowers"were also written in the Caucasus.
The birth of many poetic masterpieces was witnessed by the poet's wife S. A. Tolstaya, with whom he married in 1925.
During these years, "The Poem about 36", "The Song about the Great Campaign", the books "Moscow Kabatskaya", "Birch Calico", the collection "About Russia and the Revolution"were published.
The work of S. A. Yesenin of the late period is distinguished by a special, philosophical character.
The poet looks back at his life path, reflects on the meaning of life, tries to comprehend the events that changed the history of his Homeland, to find his place in the new Russia.
Often the poet also reflected on death.
After finishing work on the poem "The Black Man" and sending it to his friend, P. I. Chagin, S. A. Yesenin wrote to him: "I'm sending you a 'Black Man'.
Read it and think about what we are fighting for, lying down in bed?.."
S. A. Yesenin's life was cut short in St. Petersburg, on the night of December 27-28, 1925.
The poet was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky Cemetery.
Maria Stepanova
© 2013 Moscow State Museum of S. A. Yesenin
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