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Home → News → Biographies → Marie Curie Sklodovskaya.
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Marie Curie Sklodowska.
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Maria Sklodowska Curie is a Polish French experimental scientist (physicist, chemist), teacher, public figure.
Twice winner of the Nobel Prize: in physics (1903) and chemistry (1911).
She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw.
The wife of Pierre Curie, together with him, was engaged in the study of radioactivity.
Together with her husband, she discovered the elements radium and polonium.
Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw.
Her childhood years were overshadowed by the early loss of one of her sisters and soon — her mother.
Even as a schoolgirl, she was distinguished by extraordinary diligence and hard work.
Maria tried to do the work in the most thorough way, avoiding inaccuracies, often at the expense of sleep and regular nutrition.
She studied so intensively that, after graduating from school, she was forced to take a break for health improvement.
Maria aspired to continue her education, but in the Russian Empire, which at that time included Poland, the opportunities for women to receive higher scientific education were limited.
The Sklodovsky sisters, Maria and Bronislava, agreed to take turns working as governesses for several years in order to get an education in turn.
Maria worked for several years as a tutor and governess while Bronislava was studying at the medical institute in Paris.
Then, at the age of 24, Maria was able to go to the Sorbonne, to Paris, where she studied chemistry and physics while Bronislava earned money for her sister's education.
Maria Sklodovskaya became the first female teacher in the history of the Sorbonne.
In 1894, in the house of a Polish emigrant physicist, Maria Sklodowska met Pierre Curie.
Pierre was the head of the laboratory at the Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry.
By that time, he had conducted important research on the physics of crystals and the dependence of the magnetic properties of substances on temperature.
Maria was studying the magnetization of steel, and her Polish friend hoped that Pierre would be able to give Maria the opportunity to work in his laboratory.
Together, they began to study the anomalous rays (X rays) that emitted uranium salts.
Having no laboratory and working in a shed on the Rue Lomon in Paris, from 1898 to 1902, they processed eight tons of uranium ore and isolated one hundredth of a gram of a new substance — radium.
Later, polonium was discovered, an element named after the birthplace of Marie Curie.
In 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for outstanding achievements in joint research of radiation phenomena".
Being at the award ceremony, the couple are thinking of creating their own laboratory and even an institute of radioactivity.
Their idea was implemented, but much later.
After the tragic death of her husband Pierre Curie in 1906, Marie Sklodowska Curie inherited his chair at the University of Paris.
In 1910, in collaboration with Andre Debierne, she managed to isolate pure metallic radium, and not its compounds, as had happened before.
Thus, a 12 year research cycle was completed, as a result of which it was proved that radium is an independent chemical element.
At the end of 1910, the candidacy of Sklodovskaya Curie, at the insistence of a number of French scientists, was nominated for election to the French Academy of Sciences.
Before that, no woman had been elected to the French Academy of Sciences, because the nomination immediately led to a fierce controversy between supporters and opponents of her membership in this conservative organization.
As a result of several months of insulting controversy, the candidacy of Sklodovskaya Curie was rejected in the elections by a margin of only one vote.
In 1911, Sklodovskaya Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for outstanding achievements in the development of chemistry: the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element".
Sklodovskaya Curie became the first (and to date the only woman in the world) twice winner of the Nobel Prize.
Shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, the University of Paris and the Pasteur Institute established the Radium Institute for radioactivity research.
Sklodovskaya Curie was appointed director of the Department of Basic Research and Medical Applications of Radioactivity.
Immediately after the start of active hostilities on the fronts of the First World War, Marie Curie Sklodovskaya began to purchase X ray portable devices for screening the wounded with personal funds left over from the Nobel Prize.
Mobile X ray stations, powered by a dynamo attached to a car motor, traveled around hospitals, helping surgeons perform operations.
At the front, these points were called "little Curies".
During the war, she trained military doctors in the use of radiology, for example, the detection of shrapnel in the body of a wounded person using X rays.
In the frontline zone, Curie helped to create radiological installations, supply first aid stations with portable X ray machines.
She summarized the accumulated experience in the monograph “Radiology and War” in 1920.
In the last years of her life, she continued to teach at the Radium Institute, where she supervised the work of students and actively promoted the application of radiology in medicine.
She wrote a biography of Pierre Curie, published in 1923.
Periodically, Sklodovskaya Curie made trips to Poland, which gained independence at the end of the war.
There she consulted Polish researchers.
In 1921, together with her daughters, Curie Sklodovskaya visited the United States to accept a gift of 1 g of radium to continue the experiments.
During her second visit to the United States (1929), she received a donation, with which she purchased another gram of radium for therapeutic use in one of the Warsaw hospitals.
But as a result of many years of work with radium, her health began to deteriorate noticeably.
Marie Curie Sklodowska died in 1934 from aplastic anemia.
Her death is a tragic lesson — working with radioactive substances, she did not take any precautions and even wore an ampoule with radium on her chest as a talisman.
She was buried next to Pierre Curie in the Paris Pante.
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published by: Special Correspondent
date: 07 November 2011
views: 10878
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aaa
did she make polonium cookies?
date: 19 February 2015 08: 42
Acid
A powerful woman, worthy of respect and love.
No one then believed about the harmful effects of radiation
date: 03 December 2013 03: 18
Acid
The power of the
date: 03 December 2013 03: 16
kkk
I mean, how could she not take care of her health like that??
She is a person of science!
and I lived by it!
maybe she didnot think that all this could have such a detrimental effect on her...(
date: 25 March 2012 18: 07
marinka
How can you not monitor your health like this
date: 18 March 2012 20: 19
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