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Home > Vitamins for the soul > Personalities in history > Jeanne d'Arc > A brief biography of Jeanne d'Arc based on books and historical documents.
See the section: Jeanne D’Arc Lecture "The Mission of Joan Of Arc" on May 18 (Friday) 2012 in Moscow More > >
Poster of lectures and events
« About Jeanne d’We know more about Ark than about any other of her contemporaries, and at the same time it is difficult to find among the people of the XV century another person whose image would seem so mysterious to posterity. (*2)
page 5 "...She was born in the village of Domremy in Lorraine in 1412.
It is known that she was born from honest and fair parents.
On the night of Christmas, when the nations are in the habit of honoring the works of Christ in great bliss, she entered the mortal world.
And the roosters, as if heralding a new joy, then shouted with an unusual, hitherto unheard cry.
We saw them flapping their wings for more than two hours, predicting what was destined for this baby." (*1)
page 146 This fact is reported by Perceval de Boulainvilliers, adviser and chamberlain of the king in a letter to the Duke of Milo, which can be called her first biography.
But most likely this description is a legend, because no chronicle mentions it, and the birth of Jeanne did not leave the slightest trace in the memory of fellow villagers — residents of Domremy, who acted as witnesses during the rehabilitation process.
She lived in Domremy with her father, mother and two brothers, Jean and Pierre.
Jacques d’Ark and Isabella were, according to local concepts, "not very rich".
(For a more detailed description of the family, see (*2) pp. 41-43) "Not far from the village where Jeanne grew up, there was a very beautiful tree," beautiful as a lily, " as one witness noted; village boys and girls gathered at the tree on Sundays, they danced around it and washed themselves with water from a nearby spring.
The tree was called the tree of fairies, it was said that in immemorial antiquity wonderful creatures, fairies, danced around it.
Jeanne also often went there, but she never saw a single fairy." (*5)
p. 417, see (*2) p. 43-45 "When she was 12 years old, the first revelation came to her.
Suddenly a shining cloud appeared before her eyes, from which a voice rang out: "Jeanne, it behooves you to go another way and perform wonderful deeds, for you are the one chosen by the King of Heaven to protect King Charles.."(*1) p. 146 "At first I was very scared.
I heard the voice in the afternoon, it was in the summer in my father's garden.
The day before, I was fasting.
The voice came to me from the right side, from where the church was, and from the same side there was a great holiness.
This voice has always guided me.
"Later, the voice began to appear to Jeanne every day and insisted that it was necessary to" go and lift the siege of the city of Orleans."
The voices called her " Jeanne de Pucelle, daughter of God — - in addition to the first voice, which belonged, as Jeanne thinks, to the archangel Michael, the voices of St. Margaret and St. Catherine soon joined.
To all those who tried to block her path, Jeanne reminded of an ancient prophecy that said that "France will be destroyed by a woman, and a virgin will save".
(The first part of the prophecy came true when Isabella of Bavaria forced her husband, King Charles VI of France, to declare her son Charles VII illegitimate, as a result of which, by the time of Joan, Charles VII was not a king, but only a dauphin)." (*5)
p.417 "I came here to the royal chamber in order to speak with Robert de Baudricourt, so that he would take me to the king or order his people to take me; but he paid no attention to me, nor to my words; nevertheless, I need to appear before the king in the first half of Lent, even if I rub my feet to the knees for this; know that no one — neither the king, nor the duke, nor the daughter of the Scottish king, nor anyone else — can restore the French kingdom; salvation can only come from me, and although I would prefer to stay with my poor mother and spin, this is not my purpose: I must go, and I will do it, because it is my Master's pleasure that I act in this way." (*3)
p. 27 Three times she had to turn to Robert de Baudricourt.
After the first time, she was sent home, and her parents decided to marry her off.
But Jeanne herself broke off the engagement through the court.
"Time passed slowly for her," as for a woman expecting a child, " she said, so slowly that she could not stand it, and one fine morning, accompanied by her uncle, the devoted Durand Laxard, a resident of Vaucouleurs named Jacques Alain, she set off; her companions bought a horse for her, which cost them twelve francs.
But they did not go far: arriving at Saint Nicolas de Saint Fonds, which was on the road to Sovroy, Jeanne said: "It is not so fitting for us to leave," and the travelers returned to Vaucouleurs. (*3)
p. 25 One day a messenger arrived from Nancy from the Duke of Lorraine.
"Duke Charles II of Lorraine gave Joan a gracious reception.
He invited her to his house in Nancy.
Charles of Lorraine was not at all an ally of Charles of Valois; on the contrary, he occupied a position of hostile neutrality towards France, gravitating towards England. ...She told the Duke (Charles of Lorraine) to give her his son and people who would take her to France, and she would pray to God for his health."
Jeanne called his son in law, Rene of Anjou, the son of the duke.
"Good king rené" (later famous as a poet and patron of the arts), was married to the eldest daughter of the Duke and his heiress Isabella...
This meeting strengthened the rise of public opinion...
Bodeker (commandant of wokulira) changed his attitude to Jeanne and agreed to send her to the Dauphin." (*2)
p. 79 There is a version that Rene d’Anjou was the master of the secret order of the "Priory of Zion" and helped Jeanne to fulfill her mission. (See the chapter "Rene d'Anjou")
Already in Vaucouleurs, she puts on a man's suit and goes across the country to the Dauphin Charles.
The tests are continuing.
In Chinon, under the name of the Dauphin, another is introduced to her, but Jeanne unmistakably finds Charles out of 300 knights and greets him.
During this meeting, Jeanne tells the Dauphin something or shows some sign, after which Charles begins to believe her.
"The story of Jeanne herself to Jean Pasquerel, her confessor:" When the king saw her, he asked Jeanne her name, and she replied: "Dear Dauphin, I am called Jeanne the Virgin, and the King of Heaven speaks to you through my mouth and says that you will receive the anointing and be crowned in Reims and become the vicar of the King of Heaven, the true king of France."
After other questions asked by the king, Joan said to him again: "I tell you in the name of the Most High that you are the true heir of France and the son of the king, and He has sent me to you to take you to Reims so that you can be crowned and anointed there, if you want."
When the king heard this, he informed those present that Joan had initiated him into a certain secret that no one but God knew and could not know; that is why he fully trusts her.
All this, "concludes Brother Pasquerel," I heard from the lips of Jeanne, since I was not present at the time." (*3)
p. 33 But, nevertheless, an investigation is being launched, detailed information is being collected about Jeanne, who is currently in Poitiers, where the college of learned theologians of the bishopric of Poitiers is to make its decision.
"Believing that precautions are never superfluous, the king decided to increase the number of those entrusted with interrogating the girl, and choose the most worthy of them; and they were to gather in Poitiers.
Jeanne was placed in the house of Jean Rabatau, a lawyer of the Paris Parliament, who had joined the king two years earlier.
Several women were assigned to secretly observe her behavior.
Francois Garivel, the king's adviser, clarifies that Jeanne was interrogated repeatedly and the investigation took about three weeks. " (*3)
p. 43 "A certain lawyer of the parliament, Jean Barbon:" From learned theologians who studied her with passion and asked her many questions, I heard that she answered very carefully, as if she were a good scientist, so that they were amazed by her answers.
They believed that there was something divine in her very life and her behavior; in the end, after all the interrogations and inquiries conducted by scientists, they came to the conclusion that there was nothing wrong with her, nothing contrary to the Catholic faith, and that, taking into account the plight of the king and the kingdom — after all, the king and the faithful inhabitants of the kingdom were in despair at that time and did not know what help to hope for, if not for the help of God, the king could accept her help. " (*3)
p. 46 During this period, she acquires a sword and a banner. (see the chapter " The Sword.
In all probability, having given Joan the right to have a personal banner, the Dauphin equated her with the so called "banner knights" who commanded detachments of their own people.
Jeanne had under her command a small detachment, which consisted of an entourage, several soldiers and servants.
The retinue included a squire, a confessor, two pages, two heralds, as well as Jean of Metz and Bertrand de Poulangy and Jeanne's brothers, Jacques and Pierre, who joined her in the Tour.
Back in Poitiers, the Dauphin entrusted the protection of the Virgin to an experienced warrior, Jean d’Olona, who became her squire.
In this brave and noble man, Jeanne found a mentor and a friend.
He taught her military affairs, she spent all her campaigns with him, he was by her side in all battles, assaults and sorties.
They were captured by the Burgundians together, but she was sold to the English, and he bought his freedom and a quarter of a century later, being already a knight, a royal adviser and holding a prominent position as a seneschal of one of the southern French provinces, wrote very interesting memoirs at the request of the rehabilitation commission, in which he told about many important episodes in the history of Joan of Arc.
The testimony of one of Jeanne's pages, Louis de Coute, has also reached us; we know nothing about the second, Raymond.
Joan's confessor was the Augustinian monk Jean Pasquerel; he owns very detailed testimonies, but obviously not everything in them is reliable. (*2)
p. 130 "In Tours, a military retinue was assembled for Joan, as it was supposed to be for a military commander; they appointed an intendant, Jean d'Olona, who testifies: "For her protection and escort, I was placed at her disposal by the king, our lord"; she also has two pages Louis de Coute and Raymond.
She also had two heralds under her command — Ambleville and Guillenne; heralds are messengers dressed in livery that allows them to be identified.
The heralds were inviolable.
Once Jeanne was given two messengers, it means that the king began to treat her like any other high ranking soldier, endowed with authority and bearing personal responsibility for his actions.
The royal troops were to assemble at Blois...
It was in Blois, while the army was there, that Jeanne ordered a banner...
The confessor of Jeanne is touched by the almost religious appearance of the army that is performing: "When Joan left Blois to go to Orleans, she asked to gather all the priests around this banner, and the priests went ahead of the army... and antiphons were singing... it was the same the next day.
And on the third day they came to Orleans.
Karl hesitates.
Jeanne hurries him.
The liberation of France begins with the lifting of the siege of Orleans.
This is the first military victory of the army loyal to Charles under the leadership of Joan, which is at the same time a sign of her divine mission.
"See R. Pernoux, M.-V.
Clain, Joan of Arc /pp.
63-69/ It took Jeanne 9 days to liberate Orleans.
The sun was already sinking to the west, and the French were still unsuccessfully fighting for the moat of the forward fortification.
Jeanne jumped on her horse and went to the fields.
Far from the eyes...
Jeanne was immersed in prayer between the vines.
The unheard of endurance and will of a seventeen year old girl allowed her at this crucial moment to distract from her own tension, from the despondency and exhaustion that gripped everyone, now she has found external and internal silence — when only inspiration can arise..."
But then something unprecedented happened: the arrows fell out of their hands, the people looked at the sky in confusion.
Saint Michael, surrounded by the whole host of angels, appeared shining in the shimmering Orleans sky.
The Archangel fought on the side of the French "...the English, seven months after the beginning of the siege and nine days after the Virgin occupied the city, retreated without a fight to the last, and it happened on May 8 (1429), the day when many centuries ago St. Michael appeared in distant Italy on Monte Gargano and on the island of Ischia...
The magistrate wrote in the city book that the liberation of Orleans is the greatest miracle of the Christian era.
Since then, the valiant city has been solemnly dedicating this day to the Virgin for all centuries, the day of May 8, designated in the calendar as the feast of the Appearance of the Archangel Michael.
Many modern critics argue that the victory at Orleans can be attributed only to accidents or the inexplicable refusal of the British from the battle.
And yet Napoleon, who thoroughly studied Jeanne's campaigns, declared that she was a genius in military affairs, and no one would dare to say that he did not understand strategy.
English biographer of Jeanne d’Arc V. Zangwill West writes in our time that the whole way of its countrymen involved in those events, it seems so strange and slow it can only be explained by supernatural causes: "the Reasons that we in the light of our science of the twentieth century — or, perhaps, in the darkness of our science of the twentieth century?
— donot know anything" To meet with the king after the lifting of the siege, the Bastard went to Losh, says the German chronicle of that time, which brought us a lot of information.
When the girl bowed her head before the king as low as she could, the king immediately ordered her to rise, and it was thought that he almost kissed her for the joy that seized him.“
The rumor about Jeanne's feat spread all over Europe, which showed an extraordinary interest in what happened.
The author of the chronicle we have quoted is one Eberhard Windeken, the treasurer of the Emperor Sigismund; obviously, the emperor showed great interest in the deeds of Joan and ordered to find out about her.
We can judge about the reaction outside of France from a very interesting source.
This is the "Chronicle of Antonio Morosini"... in part, this is a collection of letters and reports.
Letter of Pancrazzo Giustiniani to his father, from Bruges to Venice, dated May 10, 1429: "An Englishman named Lawrence Trent, a respectable man and not a talker, writes, seeing that it is said about this in the reports of so many worthy and trustworthy people:" This drives me crazy."
He reports that many barons treat her with respect, as well as commoners, and those who laughed at her died a bad death.
Nothing, however, is so clear as her indisputable victory in the dispute with the masters of theology, so that it seems as if she is the second Saint Catherine who descended to earth, and many knights who have heard what amazing speeches she made every day consider this a great miracle...
It is further reported that this girl must perform two great deeds, and then die.
God help her... "
How does she appear before a Venetian of the Quartocento era, before a merchant, a diplomat and an intelligence officer, i.e. before a person of a completely different culture, a different psychological makeup than herself and her surroundings? ...
Giustiniani is confused." (*2)
page 146
Portrait of Joan of Arc "...
The girl has an attractive appearance and a masculine posture, she speaks little and shows a wonderful mind; she makes speeches in a pleasant high voice, as befits a woman.
In food, it is moderate, even more so it is moderate in wine drinking.
She finds pleasure in beautiful horses and weapons.
Many meetings and conversations are unpleasant for the Virgin.
Often her eyes are filled with tears, she also loves fun.
He undergoes unheard of hard work, and when he carries a weapon, he shows such perseverance that he can continuously remain fully armed day and night for six days.
She says the English have no right to own, and this, she says, have sent her Lord, that she was banished and defeated... "
"Guy de Laval, a young nobleman who joined the Royal army, describes her with admiration: "I saw her in the armor and full combat gear, with a small axe in hand, sat the leaving the house on his huge black warhorse, who was in a very excited and was not allowed to ride himself; then she said: "Take him to the cross", which was in front of the Church on the road.
Then she jumped into the saddle, and he did not move, as if he were tied up.
And then she turned to the church gate, which was very close to her: "And you, priests, arrange a procession and pray to God."
And then she set off, saying: "Hurry forward, hurry forward."
A pretty page carried her unfurled banner, and she held an axe in her hand." (*3)
p. 89 Gilles de Re: "She is a child.
She has never harmed an enemy, no one has ever seen her strike anyone with a sword.
After every battle, she mourns the fallen, before every battle, she takes communion with the Body of the Lord — most soldiers do this with her — and she does not say anything.
Not a single rash word comes out of her mouth — in this she is as mature as many men.
No one ever swears around her, and people like it, even though all their wives have stayed at home.
Needless to say, she never takes off her armor if she sleeps next to us, and then, despite all her comeliness, no man feels carnal desire for her. "(*1)
p. 109 " Jean Alencon, who was commander in chief in those days, recalled many years later: "She understood everything that has to do with war: she could stick a pike and review the troops, build an army in battle order and place cannons.
Everyone was surprised that she was so circumspect in her affairs, as a combat commander with twenty or thirty years of experience."(*1)
p. 118 " Jeanne was a beautiful and charming girl, and all the men who met her felt it.
But this feeling was the most genuine, that is, the highest, transformed, virgin, returned to the state of "God's love", which Nuyonpon noted in himself."(*4)
p. 306 " - Her voice is strange.
Believe me, I understand something about voices, but I havenot heard this yet.
He is gentle and quiet, like a child, despite the fact that in battle he drowns out all the roar and howling. "(*1)
p. 106 " - This is very strange, and we can all testify to this: when she rides with us, birds from the forest fly and sit on her shoulders.
In battle, it happens that pigeons begin to flutter near her. " (*1)
p. 108 "I remember that in the protocol drawn up by my colleagues about her life, it was written that in her homeland in Domremi, birds of prey flew to her when she was grazing cows in a meadow, and, sitting on her lap, pecked the crumbs that she plucked from bread.
Her herd has never been attacked by a wolf, and on the night when she was born — on Epiphany — various unusual things were noticed with animals...
And why not?
Animals are also God's creatures... (*1) p. 108 " It seems that in the presence of Joan, the air became transparent for those people to whom the cruel night had not yet darkened their minds, and in those years there were more such people than is commonly believed now."(*1)
p. 66 Her ecstasies proceeded as if out of time, in ordinary activities, but without disconnecting from the latter.
She heard her own Voices during the fighting, but continued to command the troops; she heard during interrogations, but continued to answer theologians.
This can also be evidenced by her tin, when she pulled an arrow out of the wound under the Turrets, ceasing to feel physical pain during ecstasy.
And it should be added that she was perfectly able to determine her Voices in time: at such an hour when the bells were ringing. "(*4)
p. 307 " Rupertus Geyer, the same "anonymous" cleric," understood Joan's personality correctly: if it is possible to find some historical analogy for her, it is best to compare Joan with the sibyls, these prophetesses of the pagan era, whose lips the gods spoke.
But there was a huge difference between them and Jeanne.
The Sibyls were affected by the forces of nature: sulfur fumes, intoxicating smells, murmuring streams.
In a state of ecstasy, they expressed such things that they immediately forgot about as soon as they came to themselves.
In everyday life, they did not have any high insights, they were blank sheets on which forces beyond control were written.
"For the prophetic gift inherent in them is like a board on which nothing is written, it is unreasonable and indefinite," Plutarch wrote.
Joan also spoke through the lips of spheres whose boundaries no one knew; she could fall into ecstasy at prayer, at the ringing of bells, in a quiet field or in a forest, but it was such an ecstasy, such an outflow beyond ordinary feelings, which she controlled and from which she could come out with a sober mind and aware of her own "I", then to translate what she saw and heard into the language of earthly words and earthly actions.
What was available to pagan priestesses in a detached eclipse of feelings from the world, Jeanne perceived in a clear consciousness and reasonable moderation.
Together with the men she rode and fought, together with the women and children she slept, and, like all of them, Jeanne could laugh.
Simply and clearly, without innuendo and secrets, she told about what was going to happen: "Wait, three more days, then we will take the city"; " Be patient, in an hour you will become the winners."
The virgin deliberately removed the veil of mystery from her life and actions; only she herself remained a mystery.
Since she herself was foretold of the coming trouble, she closed her mouth, and no one knew about the gloomy news.
Always, even before dying at the stake, Jeanne was aware of what she could and could not say.
Since the days of the Apostle Paul, women who "speak with tongues" in Christian communities should have been silent, because "the spirit that gives inspiration is responsible for speaking with tongues, and the speaking person is responsible for a reasonable prophetic word."
The spiritual language must be translated into the language of people, so that a person accompanies the speech of the spirit with his mind; and only what a person can understand and assimilate with his own mind, he must express in words.
Jeanne d’In those weeks, Ark was able to prove more clearly than ever that she was responsible for her intelligent words of prophecies and that she uttered them — or was silent while in her right mind. "(*1)
page 192 (Further on, based on the materials of the book Raitses V. I. Zhanna d Ark.
Facts, legends, hypotheses.)
After the siege of Orleans is lifted, disputes begin in the Royal Council about the direction of the campaign.
At the same time, Jeanne was of the opinion that it was necessary to go to Reims to crown the king.
"She proved that as soon as the king was crowned and anointed, the power of the enemies would decrease all the time and in the end they would no longer be able to harm either the king or the kingdom" page 167.
The coronation of the Dauphin in Reims in these conditions became an act of proclaiming the state independence of France.
This was the main political goal of the campaign.
But the courtiers did not advise Charles to undertake a campaign to Reims, saying that on the way from Gien to Reims there are many fortified cities, castles and fortresses with garrisons of Englishmen and Burgundians.
The decisive role was played by the huge authority of Joan in the army and on June 27, the Virgin led the vanguard of the army to Reimstr.
A new stage of the liberation struggle has begun.
At the same time, the liberation of Troyes decided the outcome of the entire campaign.
The success of the campaign exceeded the wildest expectations: in less than three weeks, the army marched almost three hundred kilometers and reached the final destination without firing a single shot, leaving not a single burned village, not a single looted city on its way.
The enterprise, which at first seemed so difficult and dangerous, turned into a triumphal march.
On Sunday, July 17, Charles was crowned in the Cathedral of Reims.
Joan was standing in the cathedral, holding a banner in her hand.
Then at the trial she will be asked: "Why was your banner brought into the cathedral during the coronation in preference to the banners of other captains?"
And she will answer: "It was in labor and by right should have been in honor" But then events unfold less triumphantly.
Instead of a decisive offensive, Charles concludes a strange truce with the Burgundians.
On January 21, the army returned to the banks of the Laura and immediately the bvla was disbanded.
But Jeanne continues to fight, but at the same time suffers one defeat after another.
When she learns that the Burgundians have besieged Compiegne, she rushes to the rescue.
The virgin enters the city on May 23, and in the evening, during a sortie, she is captured.....
"For the last time in her life, on the evening of May 23, 1430, Joan stormed the enemy camp, for the last time she took off her armor, the standard with the image of Christ and the face of an angel was taken away from her.
The struggle on the battlefield is over.
What began now at her age of 18 was a fight with a different weapon and with a different opponent, but, as before, it was a life and death struggle.
At that moment, the history of mankind was accomplished through Joan of Arc.
The covenant of St. Margaret was fulfilled; the hour of fulfillment of the covenant of St. Catherine struck.
Earthly knowledge was preparing to fight with wisdom, in the morning rays of which the Virgin Joan lived, struggled and suffered.
The centuries were already approaching in the stream of change, when the forces of God denying scholarship began a bloodless but inevitable offensive against the memory of his divine origin that was dawning in man, when human minds and hearts became an arena in which fallen angels fought with an archangel named Michael, the herald of the will of Christ.
Everything that Jeanne did served France, England, new Europe; it was a challenge, a shining riddle for all the peoples of subsequent eras. "(*1)
page 201 Jeanne spent six months in captivity in Bourgogne.
She waited for help, but in vain.
The French government did nothing to help her out of trouble.
At the end of 1430, the Burgundians sold Joan to the English, and they immediately put her on trial by the Inquisition.
Monument in the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael in Dijon (Burgundy) Fragment from the film by Robert Bresson "The Trial of Joan of Arc " Gilded monument to Joan of Arc'Arc in Paris on the square of the Pyramids
A year has passed since the day when Jeanne was captured... a year and a day..
On Thursday, May 24, at 8 o'clock in the morning, she was brought to the cemetery of the Abbey of St. Ouen. ...Behind was the Burgunian captivity.
There were two escape attempts behind.
The second one almost ended tragically: Jeanne jumped out of a window on the top floor.
This gave the judges a reason to accuse her of the mortal sin of attempted suicide.
Her explanation was simple: "I did it not out of hopelessness, but in the hope of saving my body and going to the aid of many nice people who need it." ...Behind her was the iron cage in which she was kept for the first time in Rouen, in the basement of the royal Bouvray castle.
Then the interrogations began, and she was transferred to a cell.
Five British soldiers guarded her around the clock, and at night they chained her to the wall with an iron chain. ...Behind them were grueling interrogations.
Dozens of questions were thrown at her every time.
Traps were waiting for her at every step.
One hundred thirty two members of the Tribunal: cardinal, bishops, professors, theologians, scientists, and abbots, monks and priests....
And the young girl who in her own words, "I do not know neither a nor b".
....
Behind were the two days in late March, when she was presented with the indictment.
In seventy articles, the prosecutor listed the criminal acts, speeches and thoughts of the defendant.
But Jeanne dismissed one accusation after another.
The two day reading of the indictment ended with the defeat of the prosecutor.
The judges were convinced that the document they had drawn up was no good, and replaced it with another one.
The second version of the indictment contained only 12 articles.
The secondary ones were eliminated, the most important ones remained: "voices and guidance", men's costume, "the fairy tree", the seduction of the king and the refusal to obey the militant church.
They decided to abandon the torture, "in order not to give a reason for slander on the exemplary process."
All this is over, and now Jeanne was brought to the cemetery, surrounded by guards, raised above the crowd, showed the executioner and began to read the sentence.
All this carefully thought out procedure was designed to cause her mental shock and fear of death.
At some point, Jeanne canot stand it and agrees to submit to the will of the church.
"At the same time," the protocol says, "in full view of a great number of clerics and laypeople, she pronounced the formula of renunciation, following the text of a letter drawn up in French, which she signed with her own hand."
Most likely, the formula of the official protocol is a fake, the purpose of which is to extend Joan's renunciation retroactively to all her previous activities.
Perhaps in the cemetery of Saint Ouen, Jeanne did not renounce her past.
She only agreed to submit henceforth to the orders of the ecclesiastical court.
However, the political goal of the process was achieved.
The English government could have notified the entire Christian world that the heretic had publicly repented of her crimes.
But, having snatched the words of repentance from the girl, the organizers of the process did not consider the case finished at all.
It was only half done, for Joan's abdication was to be followed by her execution.
The Inquisition had simple means for this.
It was only necessary to prove that after the abdication she committed a "relapse of heresy": a person who fell into heresy again was subject to immediate execution.
Before her abdication, Jeanne was promised that if she repented, she would be transferred to the women's department of the archiepiscopal prison and the shackles would be removed.
But instead, on Cauchon's orders, she was taken back to the old cell.
There she changed into a woman's dress and had her head shaved.
The shackles were not removed and the English guards were not removed.
Two days have passed.
On Sunday, May 27, rumors spread around the city that the convict had put on a man's suit again.
She was asked who forced her to do this.
"No one," Jeanne replied.
In the evening of that day, the protocol of Jeanne's last interrogation appeared — a tragic document in which Jeanne herself tells about everything that she experienced after the abdication: about the despair that seized her when she realized that she had been deceived, about the contempt for herself because she was afraid of death, about how she cursed herself for betrayal, she herself uttered this word — and about the victory that she won, perhaps the most difficult of all all her victories, because this is a victory over the fear of death.
There is a version according to which Jeanne was forcibly forced to wear a men's suit (See page 188 of the District V. I. Jeanne d Ark.
Facts, legends, hypotheses."
On Tuesday, May 29, the tribunal decided to extradite Jeanne to the secular authorities..
Joan learned that she was being executed at dawn on Wednesday, May 30, 1431.
She was taken out of the prison, put on a cart and taken to the place of execution.
She was wearing a long dress and a cap....
Only after a few hours the fire was allowed to go out.
And when it was all over, according to Ladvenu, " about four o'clock in the afternoon," the executioner came to the Dominican monastery, "to me,"says Isambard," and to Brother Ladvenu, in extreme and terrible remorse, as if desperate to receive forgiveness from God for what he had done to such a holy woman, as he said."
And he also told them both that when he went up to the scaffold to remove everything, he found her heart and other entrails unburned; he was required to burn everything, but although he several times put burning faggots and coals around Jeanne's heart, he could not turn it into ashes" (the same story of the executioner is also transmitted to Massa from the words of the deputy of Rouen balli).
Finally, amazed, "as if by a clear miracle," he stopped tormenting this Heart, put the Burning Bush in a bag along with everything that remained of the Virgin's flesh, and threw the bag, as it was supposed, into the seine.
The imperishable heart has gone forever from human eyes and hands." (*1)
....Twenty five years passed, and finally — after a trial at which one hundred and fifteen witnesses were heard (her mother was also present) - in the presence of the papal legate, Joan was rehabilitated and recognized as the most beloved daughter of the Church and France. (*1)
page 336 With all her short life, Joan of Arc," an earthly angel and a heavenly girl", again and with unprecedented force declared the reality of the Living God and the Heavenly Church.
In 1920, after the Nativity of Christ, in the four hundred and ninety year after the Bonfire, the Roman Church beatified her and recognized her mission as true, fulfilling which she saved France.
Five and a half centuries have passed since the day when Jeanne Darc was burned in the square of the Old Market in Rouen.
She was nineteen years old at the time.
For most of her life for seventeen years - she had been the unknown Jeannette of Domremy.
Her neighbors will then say: "she is like everyone else."
"like the others."
For one year — just one year she was the famous Joan the Virgin, the savior of France.
Her colleagues will then say: "as if she was a captain who spent twenty or thirty years in the war."
And for another year — a whole year she was a prisoner of war and a defendant of the inquisition tribunal.
Her judges will then say: "a great scientist — and he would hardly have answered the questions that she was asked."
Of course, she was not like everyone else.
Of course, she wasnot the captain.
And, of course, she was not a scientist.
And at the same time, it was all there.
Centuries pass.
But every generation turns again and again to such a simple and such an infinitely complex story of a girl from Domremy.
Turns to understand.
He turns to join the eternal moral values.
For if history is the teacher of life, then the epic of Joan of Arc is one of her great lessons. (*2)
p. 194
References: * 1 Maria Josefa, Kruk von Potutsin Jeanne d'Arc.
Moscow "Enigma" 1994.
*2 Raitses V. I. Zhanna d Ark.
Facts, legends, hypotheses.
Leningrad "Science" 1982.
*3 p. Pernu, M. V. Klen.
Zhanna d Ark.
M., 1992.
*4 Ascetics.
Selected biographies and works.
Samara, AGNI, 1994.
*5 Bauer V., Dumotz I., Golovin PAGE.
Encyclopedia of Symbols, Moscow, KRON PRESS, 1995
See the section: Joan of Arc
Read also articles in the magazine "Man without Borders": Jeanne d'Ark Domremy.
The country of Joan of Arc's childhood
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