Influence and adaptations of Tolkien's works
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J. R. R. Tolkien in 1916
The works of John R. R. Tolkien had a significant impact on the popular culture of the XX century.
They have been repeatedly adapted for cinema, animation, audio plays, theater stage, computer games.
Concept albums, illustrations, and comics have been created based on them.
A large number of imitations of Tolkien's books, their continuations or antitheses have been created in literature.
Ronald himself was generally positive about this.
it has been used since the late 50s.
The writer himself did not show much interest in a possible film adaptation, but he did not object either.
The first project was a script by Morton Zimmerman in 1957, which John rejected, because, in his opinion, there was too much mysticism in it.
In particular, Gandalf was represented by a powerful wizard who owns hypnosis and telekinesis.
Some of the projects were frankly exotic.
For example, members of the rock band The Beatles, who liked "The Lord of the Rings", wanted to make a musical film based on the book and star in it themselves.
Paul McCartney was supposed to play the role of Frodo, Ringo Starr Sam, George Harrison Gandalf, and John Lennon Gollum.
Tolkien was shocked by this idea[2].
In 1968, the writer sold the rights to the film adaptation of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" to the United Artists film company for 104 thousand pounds[3][4].
The studio was to produce two films.
Director John Boorman and producer Saul Zaentz wrote a script for a feature film based on" The Lord", which had a number of deviations from the original (for example, Aragorn's wife was supposed to be Eowyn, not Arwen).
Boorman and Zantz consulted Tolkien during the creation process, but the writer died in 1973 before the script was finished.
After the death of the author and the change of leadership of United Artists, which was bought by Metro Goldwyn Mayer during this period, the studio bosses lost interest in" The Lord of the Rings "and"The Hobbit".
Burman used his achievements to create a fantasy film "Excalibur" based on the epic about King Arthur Pendragon (the legends of which were reflected in the "Lord of the Rings") [5].
Animated films[edit / edit wiki text]
In 1976, the license purchased by United Artists expired, and the film was never made.
Saul Zantz, who had long been interested in Tolkien's work and was familiar with Ronald himself, acquired the rights to the film adaptation.
Moreover, he bought all the rights to the characters, titles, symbols and any subsequent adaptations of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit from Tolkien's sons, paying $ 16 million for this.
At the moment, Zentz's company Tolkien Enterprises is behind all the official film adaptations of" The Hobbit "and"The Lord of the Rings".
"The Hobbit" by Rankin and Bass is an accurate film adaptation designed for children
The Hobbit (Rankin/Bess, 1977)
Convinced of the failure of attempts to make a feature film, Sol Zentz turned to animation.
In 1977, animation directors Arthur Rankin and Jules Bass made an animated film "The Hobbit" on his order.
The cartoon was aimed at a children's audience, followed the text of the book quite closely and had some success.
For example, in 1978, he was nominated for the Hugo Award for best production.
The film "The Hobbit" was not received, but was filmed specifically for television.
The Lord of the Rings (Bakshi, 1978)
For "The Lord of the Rings", a more adult film was needed.
Zentz signed a contract with the famous animation director Ralph Bakshi.
Bakshi was an innovator in animation, who shot non standard and often controversial films that became more often "underground" than blockbusters.
His calling card was the use of rotoscoping: a technology in which characters are drawn on top of live actors captured in advance on film.
This allows you to achieve maximum realism of figures and movements.
Bakshi planned to split the script into two parts and make two films.
The first one was supposed to include the events of the "Brotherhood of the Ring" and the first half of the" Two Towers " — before the battle in the Helm Gorge.
Bakshi's script was quite close to the book, but also had differences: Tom Bombadil was absent in it, Glorfindel was replaced by Legolas, etc .
United Artists also participated in this project.
Bakshi's" The Lord of the Rings "turned out to be too experimental and "unpolished" for the public. (In the frame — Boromir's funeral)
Bakshi's film turned out to be fantastically expensive at that time: it took 8 million US dollars.
The production was delayed, the budget far exceeded the estimate, and the producers forced the director to release the film in 1978 in the form in which it was ready[6].
Work on the film adaptation was not fully completed at that moment, and in later interviews Bakshi accused the studio of haste and illiterate approach to shooting and promoting the film.
With high quality animation of the main characters and careful drawing of the backgrounds," The Lord of the Rings " in 1978 had many shortcomings, including in the video series.
Many scenes, especially scenes of battles and plans with a large number of people, were hastily colored shots of live extras.
In addition, by the standards of animation of the 70s, designed for a children's audience, Bakshi's film was dark, bloody and difficult for the main audience to perceive: children.
The breakdown into two films, unusual for the cinema of that time, also played its role, as a result of which the ending was not shown.
"The Lord of the Rings" collected an unsatisfactory amount at the box office, although the budget of the film paid off.
But due to the low fees and high creative ambitions of Bakshi, the studio managers were dissatisfied and did not allocate money for the shooting of the second film.
Some ideas for the sequel were later included in Ralph's next film, "Fire and Ice" [7].
"The Return of the King" by Rankin and Bass did not differ in style from their own "Hobbit"
The Return of the King (Rankin/Bess, 1980)
In search of an opportunity to "complete" a series of films, Saul Zantz again turned to Rankin and Bess, who were less inclined to expensive experiments.
A couple of directors made a musical cartoon "The Return of the King", which is a free film adaptation of the third volume of the Lord of the Rings.
This film contained the largest number of deviations from the original of all the official film adaptations.
The contents of the first two books were told in a short introductory video, and the action began from the moment when the wounded Frodo was in the hands of the orcs.
The main character of the cartoon was Sam, who took over the main part of the action.
The film is notable for a bright soundtrack and a large number of songs sung by the characters or a voiceover.
The animation style of "The Return" exactly coincided with the "Hobbit"they had shot earlier.
The film was again intended for television and was not a success, largely due to the unusual script.
Peter Jackson's film trilogies[edit / edit wiki text]
"The Lord of the Rings"[edit / edit wiki text]
The project of the film adaptation of Tolkien was frozen for decades, and some began to say that it was impossible to film it in principle[4].
Directed by Peter Jackson
In 1997, Zentz again stepped up the search for a studio that would fulfill his dream.
First, he signed a contract with Miramax Films, a company known for computer animation, planning to make an animated film based on The Lord of the Rings[8].
But in the end, the rights were transferred to New Line Cinema.
Peter Jackson, previously known more for horror films, sat in the director's chair.
The studio has planned to shoot three full length films with live actors.
The script, written by Frances Walsh with the participation of Jackson himself, strongly resembled Bakshi's script: Tom Bombadil was absent in it, Glorfindel was replaced by Arwen, some scenes were added that were not in the book.
In addition, there was a scene with the false death of Aragorn, the story of the meeting of hobbits and ents is told differently, there are no scenes from the chapter "Troubles in the Shire".
The character of Frodo is made more passive and peaceful.
Basically, Walsh's script follows the plot of the book.
The shooting took place in New Zealand, where nature was considered similar to Middle earth, the place of action of the books.
Elijah Wood was invited to play the role of Frodo.
Gandalf was played by Ian McKellen, Aragorn — Viggo Mortensen, Saruman Christopher Lee.
The soundtrack was created by Oscar winner Howard Shore, and the song in the closing credits was recorded by Irish singer Enya.
The film used a large amount of expensive computer graphics.
Three films were made: "The Brotherhood of the Ring" (2001), "Two Fortresses" (2002) and "The Return of the King" (2003).
The success of the film trilogy was enormous.
The fees from the rental of three films around the world amounted to a total of about three billion dollars.
All three films have received a large number of awards, including a total of seventeen Academy Awards.
The first film won four Oscars, the second — two, and the third — eleven, including the main award for the best film of the year.
The films also won the Golden Globe, Saturn, MTV Movie Awards and BAFTA awards.
Reviewers consider this film adaptation to be the most successful.
Many of them also say that the Jackson trilogy has raised the popularity of both books themselves and films in the fantasy genre[9].
"The Hobbit"[edit / edit wiki text]
On March 21, 2011, the film adaptation of the story "The Hobbit, or There and Back" began.
Initially, Guillermo del Toro was appointed director, and Peter Jackson moved to the producer's chair.
However, in June 2010, del Toro dropped out of the project, and Jackson himself became the director.
The first film — "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey" was released on December 14, 2012, having collected more than a billion dollars at the box office.
The second part of "The Hobbit: The Wasteland of Smaug" was released on December 13, 2013, the third part, "The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies" — on December 10, 2014.
The total fees of the new trilogy amounted to just under three billion dollars, but they were given only 7 total Oscar nominations.
Due to the rather small volume of the book, there was not enough content for three films, so several plot moves appeared in the films that were not present in the books.
The most striking example is the "love triangle" of the Lego elf las, the elf Tauriel and the dwarf Kili, who was given a lot of screen time.
There is an opinion that the prototype was the love story of the man Beren and the elf Luthien, which is part of the plot of the Silmarillion.
Some time after the release of the last film, a compressed version of "The Hobbit" appeared on the network - a fan of the series cut out unnecessary pauses and added storylines from three films in his/her opinion.
As a result, the duration of the film was about four hours, and the focus of the action shifted to Bilbo, as it was in the original book[10].
Amateur and non canonical films[edit / edit wiki text]
In the USSR, in 1985, the play "The Adventures of the Hobbit" (full title "The Fabulous Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, the Hobbit, through the Wild Land, the Black Forest, beyond the Misty Mountains to and fro") was filmed based on the story "The Hobbit, or There and Back".
The role of Bilbo Baggins was played by Mikhail Danilov, Gollum Igor Dmitriev, Gandalf Ivan Krasko, and the text from the author was read by Zinovy Gerdt[11].
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In addition to the TV show, in the USSR in the perestroika and post perestroika years, enthusiasts made repeated attempts to screen Tolkien.
At the same time, the producers of these films were in no way connected with the copyright holders and did not acquire the rights to shoot.
Often their works did not have commercial success and were not designed for it.
In 1991, in the USSR, the Argus company began shooting the cartoon "Treasures under the Mountain" based on the Hobbit, with Nikolai Karachentsov in the role of Gandalf.
Only the introduction has been preserved from the film, the shooting was not completed[12].
In 1998, the TV series "Rings of Omnipotence" was filmed in Ukraine, based on very distant motives of "The Lord of the Rings".
Only some storylines and individual names remain from the original in the series.
The famous actor Raphael Kotanjyan starred in the role of Basargun (an analogue of Gollum in the script) [13].
Since 2003, the TTT studio has started shooting cartoons based on the works of J. R. R. Tolkien in Russia.
The cartoons "Mr. Bliss" (32 min.) 2004, "The Cat" (2 min.) were created.
24 sec.)
2005, "Olifount" (2 min. 05 sec.) 2006, " Fastitokalon "(4 min. 56 sec.) 2006, "Firiel" (7 min. 43 sec.) 2007.
In 2007, a pilot (1 min.) was filmed for the large scale project "Letters of the Christmas Grandfather", which was supposed, like "Mr. Bliss", to be created based on the original drawings of Tolkien, but for now this project is frozen for financial reasons.
"Mr. Bliss" was shown with success in 2004-2005 at the "Star Bridge" festivals in Kharkiv, Ukraine, BTS 4 in St. Petersburg, a cartoon was shown for participants of the Oxford Tolkien Society.
In addition, when shown at the RingCon festival in Germany (out of competition), the cartoon earned commendable reviews from Alan Lee, the famous illustrator of Tolkien and one of the artists of the Jackson trilogy.
The cartoon "Olifount" at RingCon 2006 took the 2nd place and was praised by Ted Nasmyth.
Filmography[edit / edit wiki text]
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"The hobbit" (1977) "the Lord of the Rings" (1978) "the return of the King" (1980) "the adventures of the hobbit" (1984) (movie play)
"The fellowship of the Ring" (2001) "the Two towers" (2002) "the return of the King" (2003), "Mr. bliss" (2004) "cat" (2005) "Oliphaunt" (2006) "Fascicolo" (2006) "Virial" (2007) "Letters to father Christmas" (2007) "the Hunt for Gollum" (2009) "the Birth of hope" (2009), "the Hobbit: an Unexpected journey" (2012), "the Hobbit: the Desolation of Smaug" (2013), "the Hobbit: The battle of the five armies" (2014)
Parody films[edit / edit wiki text]
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As the films of Peter Jackson's film trilogy were released in Russia, they were also released, but parodically deconstructed by the translation of Goblin (Dmitry Puchkov).
The films were called: "The Bratva and the Ring", "Two Torn Towers", "The Return of the Homeless man".
In 2002-2004, the parody trilogy "Vanity around the Rings", shot by Natalia Polyanskaya, was released.
In addition to the Peter Jackson film trilogy, the films parodied the book" The Lord of the Rings " by Tolkien itself, also playing up the differences between the film adaptation and the literary source.
On November 13, 2002, the premiere of the episode of the TV series "South Park" "The Return of the Brotherhood of the Ring to the Two Towers", parodying Jackson's film, took place.
Illustrations[edit / edit wiki text]
The first illustrations for Tolkien's books were drawn by Tolkien himself, who had some artistic talents.
The first edition of The Hobbit had a cover drawn by the author.
"The Lord of the Rings" was also published in its design.
One of the first illustrators of Tolkien's books was Pauline Baines, his old friend and long time fan.
Pauline also drew maps of Middle earth based on Tolkien's descriptions.
In addition, Baines ' brushes also belong to the covers of The Chronicles of Narnia by Clive S. Lewis.
Queen Margaret of Denmark, a fan of Tolkien, drew illustrations for the publication of The Lord of the Rings in her country.
Perhaps the most famous illustrators of Tolkien in his time were the brothers Tim and Greg Hildebrandt.
Their gift calendars, covers and illustrations number more than a hundred works on "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit".
The brothers ' drawings were distinguished by their fabulousness and some deliberate exaggeration.
Darrell Sweet was another author of Tolkien calendars.
Hildebrandts and Sweet also drew illustrations for the cycle "Shannara" by Terry Brooks.
After Tolkien's death, Ted Nasmyth, Donato Giancola, Alan Lee, and John Howe became famous for illustrations of his books.
The latter two also took part in the design of the scenery for the film trilogy "The Lord of the Rings".
Anton Lomaev received the Wanderer Award in 2002 for his illustrations of Tolkien's books.
Plays[edit / edit wiki text]
"The Lord of the Rings" has been repeatedly staged on the stage of the theater.
All productions were supported by Saul Zeinz and Tolkien Enterprises.
Blake Bowden in 2003 in Cincinnati, USA, staged three plays based on three parts of The Lord of the Rings.
The music for the plays was written by Steve Gers.
Some of the roles, in particular, Gollum, were performed by puppets.
Kevin Wallace, producer of Andrew Lloyd Webber, together with Zeynets, organized the musical "The Lord of the Rings".
Allah Rahman wrote the music, the Finnish folk band Värttinä also took part in the soundtrack.
The premiere took place in Toronto in the spring of 2006, but the performance lasted only five months on the Canadian stage.
In 2007, an abridged version of the show was presented in London.
Music[edit / edit wiki text]
Hansi Kursh, leader of Blind Guardian and lyricist of the band
The first references to Tolkien's works in music appeared in the 1970s in the works of hard rock and progressive rock groups.
The most famous in this regard are Led Zeppelin, who wrote songs based on Tolkien such as "Battle of Evermore", "Ramble On" and "Misty Mountain Hop"[14].
Swedish progressive rock musician Bo Hanson released the album "Music inspired by The Lord of the Rings" in 1972.
The band Camel dedicated a number of songs to the "Lord of the Rings" on the Mirage album.
A number of musicians from different bands recorded the album In Elven Lands: The Fellowship.
The prog rock band Rush had songs based on Tolkien[14].
In the 1990s, dozens of rock bands turned to themes from Tolkien's works.
This is especially common in power metal and black metal.
Blind Guardian Germans remain one of the most successful groups that have dedicated a large number of songs to Tolkien's characters.
Their concept album Nightfall in Middle Earth (Twilight of Middle earth), based on the "Silmarillion", was a great success[14][15][16][17][18].
References to Tolkien's work are also found in some of their other songs, such as " Lord of the Rings "and"the Hobbit".
Songs about Tolkien's characters and events from his books were also composed by the bands Epidemic, Arda, Nightwish, Running Wild, Cirith Ungol, Attacker, Brocas Helm.
More extreme groups, such as Battlelore and Summoning, have completely devoted their creativity to the themes of Middle earth [19][20].
Many black metal bands, such as Burzum and Gorgoroth, borrowed their names from Tolkien's legendarium, and their members took pseudonyms in honor of dark characters from his books.
To a lesser extent, themes from Tolkien are represented in symphonic music.
These are mainly soundtracks for his film adaptations.
Composer Howard Shore won an Academy Award for the soundtrack to the film trilogy "The Lord of the Rings" , and Irish singer Enya was nominated for the same award for her performance of the song "May it Be" from this film.
Among the composers who wrote soundtracks for other film adaptations are Leonard Rosenman, Mauri Lawes, Glenn Yarborough.
In addition to soundtracks, there is an unsettling academic music inspired by the images of the"Lord of the Rings".
Composer and multi instrumentalist David Arkenstone recorded the album Music Inspired by Middle Earth, combining new age, folk and symphonic music.
In 2005 the composer Alexey Kurbatov wrote the symphony "The Lord of the Rings"[21].
The premiere took place in 2007 in Germany.
In Denmark, there is an orchestra called Tolkien Ensemble conducted by Kaspar Reiff.
He produces musical plays based on Tolkien's books.
The orchestra put almost all of the professor's poems to music[14].
In 2007, Tolkien Ensemble teamed up with Howard Shore and actor Christopher Lee, and conducted a tour in which Shore's soundtrack and Reiff's own compositions were performed, and Lee read the text "from the author".
In the role playing movement, where there is a large number of Tolkien fans, there is a movement of the author's song, called minstrels.
Many of them perform songs based on Tolkien's works.
In particular, minstrels from the rock order of the Temple staged a folk rock opera "Finrod Song" based on one of the myths of the Silmarillion.
Songs about Tolkien's characters are from Ayre and Saruman, Jovin, Laura Provencal, Potan, etc.
Both folk music and new age music are written based on Tolkien: David Arkenston, Za FrmiMi (singing in the language of the Orcs), etc.
In 2012, the Russian folk group "Melnitsa "released the main theme of the film trilogy" The Lord of the Rings " by Peter Jackson in Russian[source not specified 1308 days].
Actor Leonard Nimoy (Spock from the TV series Star Trek) recorded a comic song "Ballad of Bilbo Baggins" and in 1968 shot a video for it.
For a detailed list of artists and compositions dedicated to Tolkien's books, see the Tolkien Music website.
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
John R. R. Tolkien had a great influence on the literature of the XX century, especially on the fantasy genre.
Some researchers even call him the creator of this genre[22], but most agree that Tolkien only developed an already existing genre.
At least Robert Howard with the Conan saga is certainly recognized as an earlier representative of fantasy [23].
Lord Edward Dunsany is also called as having had a decisive influence on the genre[24].
John Ronald was a close friend of Clive S. Lewis, the author of The Chronicles of Narnia and other fantasy books, as well as religious and philosophical treatises, and their work influenced each other.
Thanks to Tolkien, many archetypes on which modern fantasy is based have gained popularity.
These are, first of all, the types of magical peoples — dwarves, elves, goblins, trolls.
Such creatures as halflings (hobbits) and orcs were invented by the Professor himself and have firmly entered the fantasy tradition along with truly mythological peoples.
In addition, the plot of the Lord of the Rings, itself based on the archetypes of a fairy tale and a knight's novel, served as a prototype for many subsequent works.
In imitation of him, books were written by Terry Brooks[25], Dennis McKiernan, Helmut Pesch, Christopher Paolini.
Tolkien's influence on his work was recognized by Robert Jordan[26], Nick Perumov[27], J. K. Rowling, Robert Salvatore[28], Ursula Le Guin[source not specified 1675 days] and many other famous writers.
However, many well known authors criticize Tolkien.
So, in particular, China Mieville, recognizing that " The Lord of the Rings undoubtedly had the most influence on the fantasy genre," calls it "rustic, conservative, anti modernist, terribly Christian and anti intellectual."
China criticizes the ideas of "consolation" and "escape", which, according to Tolkien, fantasy should give, criticizes his addiction to the unexpected salvation of heroes and happy endings[29].
Philip Pullman called The Lord of the Rings "banal"[30], and added :" In my books, I argue with Narnia Tolkien is not worth arguing with"[31].
Tolkien Studies (Tolkien Studies)[edit / edit wiki text]
The work of John Tolkien has become the subject of careful study by critics and literary critics, giving rise to the direction known as" Tolkienistics", although currently this term is changing to" Tolkien studies", as opposed to" Tolkienism " — an emotional fascination with the world of Middle Earth invented by the Professor.
Tolkien studies are devoted to both the literary and mythological roots of Tolkien's books, as well as his fictional languages.
The most significant contribution to Tolkienistics was made by John's son, Christopher Tolkien After the death of his father, he, with the participation of Guy Gabriel Kay, finalized and published his unfinished book "Silmarillion".
In 1983-1996, he published a 12 volume series "The History of Middle earth", consisting of drafts by John and comments by Christopher.
On the basis of one of these drafts, in 2007, he added an excerpt "The Children of Hurin"to the volume of the story.
Christopher heads the Tolkien Estate organization (Tolkien's Legacy), which owns the rights to all the works of John Tolkien — except for "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", the rights to which belong to Tolkien Enterprises by Saul Zeintz.
The rivalry between these two organizations often leads to legal battles: for example, Christopher Tolkien tried to prevent the filming of films based on these books through the court, insisting on the need to pay his family $ 160 million[32][33].
Other well known Tolkien researchers include Tom Shippey, Christina Scull and Wayne Hammond, Vera Chapman, Mark Hooker, Douglas Anderson, Michael Drot, Verlin Flieger, Helmut Pesch.
Many Tolkien societies from different countries are united by registration in The Tolkien Society.
The yearbook "Tolkien Studies"is published.
There is also an organization called the Mythopoeic Society, which awards the "Mythopoeic Prize" for outstanding works in the field of fantasy, as well as for scientific works in this field.
The award is named after Tolkien's poem of the same name.
The only organizationally organized Tolkien Society in Russia in St. Petersburg also publishes the only non periodic Tolkienological journal "Palantir"in Russia.
In addition, a group of enthusiasts in Russia and other countries of the world, having united first in the Informal Creative Association TTT Tolkien Texts Translation, later, after the termination of the activity of TTT - in the Creative Group "Elsewhere", is engaged in translating NoMA and other previously unpublished works of Tolkien in Russia.
Fan Fiction[edit / edit wiki text]
Nick Perumov
Tolkien's works gave rise to a wide fandom, in which amateur works based on The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion and The Hobbit, the so called fan fiction, soon began to appear.
Among them were both free continuations, and polemical "views from the other side", and humorous parodies.
The degree of compliance with the canon from different authors and fanfiction was extremely different, and not all Tolkien fans take these continuations seriously[34].
Only on the territory of the former USSR, which joined the convention on copyright protection after Tolkien's death, their publication is allowed by law[35].
Some of the fanfiction was a commercial success.
This is, first of all, the "Ring of Darkness" by the famous writer Nick Perumov, which takes place in Middle earth 300 years after the events of the "Lord of the Rings".
The "Black Book of Arda" by Natalia Nekrasova and Natalia Vasilyeva is also widely known in the fandom, representing the plot of the "Silmarillion" from the point of view of the main villain Melkor.
Kirill Eskov in the novel "The Last Ring Bearer" approached the events of " The Lord of the Rings "from the point of view of"crypto history".
Olga Brileva presented her version of the legend of Beren and Luthien in the novel of the dilogy "Beyond the Dawn".
Alexey Sviridov wrote parodies of Tolkien's works[36].
Tolkien's books served as the basis for the creation of many desktop, computer and video games.
Board games[edit / edit wiki text]
This section is not completed.
You will help the project by correcting and supplementing it.
The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game (English)Russian.
Electronic Arts games [edit / edit wiki text]
The rights to develop a game based on the films "The Lord of the Rings" until December 31, 2008 belonged to Electronic Arts [37], subsequently, several computer and video games were released and published.
The games "Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers" and "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" were released in 2002 and 2003, following the premiere of the films of the same name.
Moreover, it should be noted that if " Two Fortresses "were released only for consoles, then" The Return of the King " was also created for personal computers[38][39].
Both games used footage from movies as commercials, and the key characters were voiced by the same actors who played them in the film.
In addition, Electronic Arts has developed a series of strategy games in the Lord of the Rings universe - "Battle for Middle Earth".
To the usual "Battle for Middle Earth", which tells about the events of the film trilogy (and you can develop the story both by playing for the forces of good and helping Frodo go to the Fatal Mountain, and helping Isengard and Mordor destroy Rohan and Gondor).
Later, there was a continuation of the original "Battle" — "Battle for Middle Earth 2", which tells about the hidden events of the War of the Ring, that is, about how the elves and dwarves fought with Sauron.
In the new part, three new races were added at once: elves, dwarves and goblins, and the old races received new units.
In addition, the innovation was the unification of Gondor and Rohan into one race people.
The last part of the" Battle " is considered to be an add on to the second part "Under the banner of the Sorcerer King".
This part is a prequel (prehistory) of the original, and tells about the snow covered kingdom of Angmar, which was founded by the Sorcerer King after the death of Sauron at the hands of Isildur.
During the campaign, you will have to help this kingdom get stronger and crush Arnor the kingdom of people.
It should be added that the campaign for good in the supplement is greatly weakened — you can play it only after passing the Angmar campaign, and it consists of only one mission, the goal of which is to destroy the capital of the Sorcerer King and end Angmar once and for all.
At the end of 2005, EA exclusively released the game "The Lord of the Rings: Tactics" for the PSP portable game console, which takes players through the plot of all three films[40].
The company also planned to release the RPG "Lord of the Rings: The White Council", but the development of this game was frozen indefinitely[41].
In early 2009, an action game with a third person view was released — The Lord of the Rings: Conquest .
The developer was the company Pandemic Studios, and the publisher again became Electronic Arts.
In February 2009, an add on for the Xbox 360 version of the game was released — "Heroes and Maps Pack", intended for distribution through digital distribution systems.
The addition is a set of new maps and characters.
It should be noted one very interesting feature of the "Confrontation" - it consists in the fact that in this action game you will mostly have to control not "Aragorn Sauron", but ordinary soldiers.
However, sometimes the game allows you to change a simple soldier to a character with a familiar face in certain episodes.
The Lord of the Rings Online[edit / edit wiki text]
In 2007, the Lord of the Rings Online game was released in the MMORPG genre from the Turbine company.
On the territory of the CIS, the game is published by IT Territory.
In 2009, add ons for the game called "The Lord of the Rings Online: The Mines of Moria" and "The Lord of the Rings Online: The Siege of Mirkwood"appeared on the shelves.
In 2012, the long awaited addition "The Lord of the Rings Online: The Threat of Isengard"was released
Other games[edit / edit wiki text]
Nora Bilbo in New Zealand
In 1982, a text adventure "The Hobbit", produced by the British company "Melbourne House", was released for the ZX Spectrum 48K computer.
The game basically repeated the plot of the original book "The Hobbit".
In 1990 and 1991, respectively, "The Lord of the Rings Volume One" and "Lord of the Rings Volume Two" were released on the PC and Amiga: The Two Towers", role playing games with a view from above, developed by Interplay.
Four years later, in 1994, versions of these games were released for the SNES video game console[42][43][44].
In 2002, an adventure game with action elements "Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring" developed by Surreal Software was released[45].
Unlike later games, this game is based entirely on the book " The Brotherhood of the Ring "(and not on the subsequent film adaptation), and presents the world of Middle earth and its characters through the eyes of the authors.
The game covers all the points of the book, such as the sale of Bilbo's house (after he goes to Rivendell) and the storyline with Tom Bombadil.
In 2001, the online collectible card game "The Lord of the Rings TCG" by Decipher, Inc. appeared.
In 2003, the RTS "The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring" was released by Liquid Entertainment.
This game was similar in some elements to Battle for Middle Earth, although it was released before it.
Based on the film, an amateur add on for the game "Heroes of Might and Magic IV" was released, and in October 2007, a free mod for Rome: Total War was released, completely transforming the map and units into the world of the War for the Ring era.
Based on another book by Tolkien, "The Hobbit, or There and Back", several games of the same name were also released, the most famous of which was "The Hobbit" in 2003.
The game was developed by Amaze Entertainment and published by Sierra Entertainment.
This part of the game was dedicated to the adventures of the Hobbit Bilbo, Uncle Frodo.
Moreover, if in most of the action games in the universe of "The Lord" we could control not one, but different heroes, then in" The Hobbit", despite the great number of playable heroes, the developers gave us only a cracker Bilbo, the owner of the Sting sword and the Ring of Power.
In the same year, 2003, the Vivendi Universal game The Hobbit: The Prehistory of the Lord of the Rings saga was released.
In addition, there are an incalculable number of mods for various RPGs, RTS and even FPS.
Mobile games[edit / edit wiki text]
In 2003, JAMDAT Mobile created two Java games "The Lord of the Rings.
The Two Towers" and "The Lord of the Rings.
The Return of the King".
In 2005, the Java game "Lord of The Rings - Paths Of The Dead" was released in the RPG and Adventure genre.
The game is based on the events of the third film and we are given control of Aragorn.
The game was developed by Pavel Dorsh and other volunteers.
In 2010, the game "The Lord of The Rings: Middle Earth Defense" was developed and published by Glu Java, which has found popularity among strategy lovers.
Science and Technology[edit / edit wiki text]
In honor of Tolkien's Hobbits, the following were named: AT&T Hobbit microprocessor (USA, 1992).
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Hobbit home computer was produced in the USSR.
Many real geographical objects and animals are also named after the names of geographical objects of Middle earth and the names of characters appearing in Tolkien's works[46].
The filming locations of Jackson's film trilogy in New Zealand are kept intact by the authorities.
Tourists are shown the "Hobbiton", built specifically for the filming of the film, including Bilbo's burrow.
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ J.R.R. Tolkien’s Quotes: Inspirations for Middle earth ↑ Beatles plan for Rings film — CNN, March 28, 2002 ↑ Three Rings for Hollywood: Scripts for The Lord of the Rings by Zimmerman, Boorman, and Beagle ↑ 1 2 Guardian.
'Unworldly' Tolkien’s ring of gold ↑ Claire Jardillier.
Arthurian Legends in The Lord of the Rings (English).
Checked on April 4, 2007.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
Сергей Sergey Nergash. "
J. R. R. Tolkien.
Film Adaptations " ↑ Reportage from Mount Orodruin: Film adaptations and other incarnations of Tolkien's books.
Boris Nevsky, the journal "World of Fantasy" ↑ JRR Tolkien''s heirs sue for a share of the Ring movies' £3bn profits ↑ Lord of the Gold Ring — the Boston Globe, 2003 ↑ Fan clenched his trilogy "the Hobbit" to one of the film (20 Jan 2015).
^ The fabulous journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, the Hobbit (1985) — the Hobbit — info about the film — Soviet movies — the Movie Theatre.
<url> ↑ "Treasures under the Mountain" on the YouTube site ↑ The site "RusKino".
Rings of Omnipotence ↑ 1 2 3 4 Bradford Lee Eden.
Middle earth Minstrel: Essays on Music in Tolkien.
McFarland, 2010.
ISBN 0-7864-4814-8, 9780786448142.
215 pages ↑ Magazine "World of Fiction" In the battle for the Silmarils ↑ Magazine "World of Fiction" Fantastic music.
The Magic of Rhythm ↑ MetalLibrary ↑ Elven Lays and Power Chords: Chaos, Revelry, and Community in Tolkien Themed Heavy Metal Интервью Interview Battlelore: "Inhabitants of Middle Earth".
HeavyMusic.ru ↑ Russian Darkside E zine.
The loud music of heaven.
Interview with Summoning ↑ Symphony " The Lord of the Rings "(2005) ↑ Vladimir Gubaylovsky.
"The rationale for happiness.
About the nature of fantasy and the discoverer of the genre".
"New World", No. 3, 2002 Андж Andrzej Sapkowski.
"Pyrug, or There is no gold in the Gray Mountains" ↑ "The world of fiction".
Anton Karelin.
"Classics.
The Founding Fathers of Fantasy " ↑ Terry Brooks bio ↑ Barnesandnoble.com interview with Robert Jordan: In the first hundred pages of THE EYE OF THE WORLD I did try to invoke a Tolkienesque feel.
But after that…
I deliberately took off in a very different direction from Tolkien.
Пер Perumov.com: In the early eighties, Nikolai, like many other lyricists of that time, "lived by Tolkien".
Through familiar commodity experts and employees of publishing houses, Nick got Tolkien's books in English and translated them independently .
R. R. A. Salvator's interview: ...getting The Lord of the Rings trilogy as a Christmas present... was a turning point for me.
Tolkien, more than anything else, turned me on to reading, and tuned me back into an imagination that had been lost early on in my educational experience.
↑ Fantasy and revolution: an interview with China Miéville ↑ Pullman: Trivializing Tolkien ↑ An interview with Philip Pullman ↑ NEWSru.com: "Tolkien's son wants to ban the filming of The Hobbit."
27.05.2008 ↑ THR Russia: "Peter Jackson told about the fate of future film adaptations of Tolkien's novels."
03.12.2014 ↑ Seminar "Continuations and additions to Tolkien's books: strengths and weaknesses" ↑ Russia's accession to the Berne Convention
If this work is published for the first time not in Russia and not in a country connected with Russia by an international treaty, then such a work becomes public domain in Russia, since the previously granted protection period has expired.
This means that only those works that will be published after May 26, 1973 (the date of the USSR's accession to the World Convention) will be protected in Russia with respect to citizens of countries participating in both the Berne and the World Convention.
As for the citizens of the states participating only in the Berne Convention, only those of their works that were first published in these countries after March 13, 1995 will be protected in Russia.
Михаил Mikhail Bugakov.
"The Professor's Followers — A different view of Middle earth."
"The World of Fiction", No. 9 for May 2004 ↑ No longer the Ruler (Rus.).
Absolute Games.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (English).
MobyGames.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on March 15, 2012.
↑ The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (English).
Absolute Games.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on March 15, 2012.
↑ The Lord of the Rings: Tactics (English).
Gamespot.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ The Lord of the Rings: The White Council (Rus.).
Absolute Games.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on March 15, 2012.
↑ The Lord of the Rings Volume One (English).
English Wikipedia.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ The Lord of the Rings Volume One (English).
Absolute Games.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ The Lord of the Rings Volume Two: The Two Towers (Rus.).
Absolute Games.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (English).
Absolute Games.
Checked on March 15, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
Коллекция A collection of objects named after the Professor, his heroes and other realities of Middle earth
Influence and Adaptations of the works of John R. R. Tolkien Film Adaptations
Tolkien's Cartoons The Hobbit (Rankin/Bess, 1977) • The Lord of the Rings (Bakshi, 1978) • The Return of the King (Rankin/Bess, 1980) TV show The Fabulous Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, the Hobbit (Latyshev, 1985) The Lord of the Rings film Trilogy (Jackson) The Brotherhood of the Ring (2001) — Two Fortresses (2002) - The Return of the King (2003) The Hobbit Movie Trilogy (Jackson) An Unexpected Journey (2012) — The Wasteland of Smaug (2013) - The Battle of the Five Armies (2014) Fan films The Hunt for Gollum (Chris Bouchard, 2009) * The Birth of Hope (Kate Madison, 2009) Parody adaptations of the Return of the Brotherhood of the Ring to the Two Towers ("South Park", 2002) • Bender's Game ("Futurama", 2008)
Musicians
and albums by Howard Shore • Blind Guardian (Nightfall in Middle Earth) • Summoning • Battlelore • Tolkien Ensemble • In Elven Lands: The Fellowship Computer
Journey to Rivendell Games (Parker Brothers, unreleased) • Melbourne House Games: The Hobbit (1982), Game One (1985), Game Two: Shadows of Mordor (1987) • War in Middle Earth (1988) • Volume I (Interplay, 1990) • Riders of Rohan (Konami/Mirrorsoft, 1991) • Elendor (1991) • MUME (1992) • Volume II (Interplay, 1992) • The Two Towers (1994) • Volume I for SNES (Interplay, 1994) • Kingdom O' Magic (SCI, 1996) • The Fellowship of the Ring (Surreal, 2002) • The Two Towers (Stormfront/Hypnos, 2002) • The Return of the King (EA Redwood Shores, 2003) • The Hobbit (Inevitable/Saffire, 2003) • War of the Ring (Liquid, 2003) • The Third Age (EA Redwood Shores, 2004) • The Third Age for GBA (Griptonite, 2004) • The Battle for Middle earth (EA Los Angeles, 2004) • Tactics (Electronic Arts/Amaze, 2005) • The Battle for Middle earth II, The Rise of the Witch king (EA Los Angeles, 2006)
• The White Council (EA Redwood Shores, unreleased) • The Lord of the Rings Online: The Mines of Moria, the Siege of Mirkwood, The Rise of Isengard (Turbine, 2007) • Conquest (Pandemic Studios, 2009) • Aragorn's Quest (Headstrong/TT Fusion, 2010) • War in the North (Snowblind/Feral, 2011) • Lego The Lord of the Rings (Traveller's Tales, 2012) • Guardians of Middle earth (Monolith/Zombie, 2012) • Lego The Hobbit (Traveller's Tales, 2014) • Middle earth: Shadow of Mordor (Monolith, 2014) Board Games
The Hobbit games: The Adventures of Bilbo in Middle earth from The Lord of the Rings (Milton Bradley, 1978) * Lord of the Rings (FFG, 2000; Hobby World, 2012) • The Lord of the Rings TCG (Decipher, 2001) • The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (RoseArt, 2002) • The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (RoseArt, 2003) • The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (RoseArt, 2004) • War of the Ring (FFG, 2004) • The Lord of the Rings: Strategy Battle Game (Games Workshop, 2005) • Middle Earth Quest (FFG, 2009) • The Hobbit (FFG, 2010; Zvezda, 2012 • War of the Ring.
Collector's Edition (FFG, 2010) • The Lord of the Rings LCG (FFG, 2011) • The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (Cryptozoic, 2013) • The Lord of the Rings Dice Building Game (WizKids, 2013) • The Fellowship of the Ring Deck Building Game (Cryptozoic, 2013) • The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Deck Building Game (Cryptozoic, 2013) • The Battle of Five Armies (Ares Games, 2014) • Books on
based on Tolkien's Ring of Darkness • The Black Book of Arda • The Last Ring bearer • On the Other side of the Dawn • Zvirmarillion • Plasticine of rings[en] Associated
persons christopher tolkien • sol zentz • Tom Shippey • Helmut Pesch • Guy Gabriel Kay • Tolkien Artists Tim and Greg Hildebrandt * Pauline Baines • John Howe • Ted Nesmith • Alan Lee • Donato Giancola • Margrethe II
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