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Wonders of the World The Hanging Gardens of Babylon - the magnificent engineering structure of Nebuchadnezzar
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon - a magnificent engineering structure of Nebuchadnezzar
One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Hanging Gardens were located in Babylon.
Their creation in ancient times was associated with a certain queen Semiramis.
At the same time, it is believed that the construction of this miracle of technical thought was carried out by the king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar II.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon: history and legend
The modern history of the gardens of Semiramis is associated with the name of an archaeologist from Germany, Robert Koldewey.
While excavating ancient Babylon since 1899, one day he stumbles upon a strange structure that is not typical for this area.
For example, the vaults had a different shape, they were laid out with stone, instead of the usual brick, there were underground structures, and most importantly, an interesting water supply system from three mines was found.
It is obvious that a building of this type was used for some special purposes.
It remained for Koldewey to find out.
He was able to understand that the whole structure was a kind of water lifter for the continuous supply of water to the top.
He was helped by the references of writers of antiquity, in which it was said that the stone in Babylon was used in only two places.
One of them, near the northern wall of the Qasr, the archaeologist managed to find earlier.
The other place was semi legendary, it was about finding one of the 7 wonders of the world of the gardens of Semiramis.
The main ancient references to the gardens of Semiramis are associated with the name of the Greek Ctesias.
But due to the exaggerations and fantasies noticed behind it, almost all of our information about this wonder of the world is controversial and unreliable.
In antiquity, the image of Semiramis pops up quite often.
According to many legends, Semiramis was a brave warrior and a builder with excellent architectural taste.
According to one of the legends, she was the daughter of the mermaid Atargatis, who is a lunar goddess, and an ordinary person.
According to other stories, Semiramis was left by her parents from birth, and pigeons were engaged in her upbringing.
In fact, the name Semiramis was understood by the Greeks as the Assyrian queen Shammuramat, who lived around 800 BC.
After the death of her husband Shamshi Adad V, she had to take power completely into her own hands, until her son came of age.
But even after his accession to the royal throne, Shammuramat retained the title of queen.
And it is not by chance that the state was strengthened under her, the borders were expanded by the conquest of Media.
But still, the wonder of the world gardens of Semiramis, according to modern researchers, could not be connected with Shammuramat itself.
According to a more truthful version, this miracle was presented to the wife of Nebuchadnezzar II Amitis two hundred years after the reign of Semiramis.
According to legend, Nebuchadnezzar made an alliance with the king of Media for the war with Assyria.
After the victory, to strengthen the alliance, he married the daughter of the king of Media.
But life in the desert Babylon was incomparable with the mountainous and full of greenery Mussel.
To please and comfort his wife, Nebuchadnezzar ordered the construction of these ever green gardens in the city.
So the full name of this building is most likely "hanging gardens of Amitis".
Hanging gardens of Semiramis: a brief description and interesting facts
The Babylonian hanging gardens were a four level structure with many cool rooms, richly decorated with plants.
For their irrigation, a water lifter was used, for the functioning of which the slaves had to turn the wheel.
The vaults of the building at each level were supported by 25 meter columns.
The terraces were laid out with tiles, filled with asphalt and covered with a layer of earth sufficient for growing even trees.
The water supply system used in the gardens of Semiramis was not a novelty for Mesopotamia.
This is also found in local ziggurats, including the legendary Tower of Babel and the Great Ziggurat in Ur.
But it is in the gardens that the irrigation technique has reached its perfection.
If we talk about the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, it was a time of great construction of great structures.
During his reign, many roads of the city were built, including the famous Processional Road leading from the gate of the goddess Ishtar, a huge number of palaces and temples.
We should also mention the legendary walls of Babylon, which were originally also included in the list of wonders of the world.
If you believe the descriptions, their width allowed two chariots to freely separate.
Watchtowers were installed in two rows of walls every 50 meters.
In total, there were 360 of them on the inner wall, and 250 on the outer wall.
But with the construction of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the walls of the city with the gardens of Semiramis left the famous list, but the gardens themselves have proudly come down to our times with it.
Of course, one can dispute the place of the gardens in this list for a long time, but there is no doubt that it was one of the best engineering structures of antiquity.
Video about the gardens of Semiramis
Where are the gardens of Semiramis on the map?
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