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Celtic Calendar
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The term Celtic calendar is used to refer to various calendars that were used by the Celtic speaking peoples in different periods of history.
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1 Continental Celtic calendar 2 Medieval Irish and Welsh calendar 3 Calendar terms in Celtic languages 4 See also 5 Literature 6 References
Continental Celtic calendar[edit / edit wiki text]
Review of the restored calendar plate from Coligny
The Gaulish calendar from Coligny is possibly the oldest Celtic solar / lunar ritual calendar.
It was discovered in Coligny, France and is currently an exhibit in the Palace of Arts of the Gallo Roman Museum, Lyon.
The calendar dates back to the first century BC, when Rome established the use of the Julian calendar in the territory controlled by Gaul.
The calendar consists of bronze fragments arranged on one large plate.
It is covered with writing in Gaulish, made using the Latin alphabet, and uses Roman numerals.
The calendar from Coligny is an attempt to coordinate the solar and lunar cycles, as is done in the modern Gregorian calendar.
However, in the Kolin calendar, the phases of the moon are considered important, so each month begins with the same lunar phase.
The calendar uses mathematical methods to synchronize the 12 month calendar with the Moon by adding an additional month every 2 ½ years.
It registers a five year cycle of 62 lunar months, divided into" dark "and" light " crescents each.
Presumably, the months were used to start each time with the full moon, and the thirteenth month, added every 2 ½ years, to coordinate the lunar months with the solar year.
The astronomical format that this calendar uses may be much older than the calendar from Coligny itself, because, as a rule, calendars are even more conservative than rituals and cults.
The date of its appearance is unknown, but a comparison of the continental Celtic and insular Celtic calendars suggests that some of its early forms may date back to Proto Celtic times, approximately 800 BC.
The calendar from Coligny performs a complex synchronization of the solar and lunar months.
Whether this is done for philosophical or practical reasons is unknown.
Medieval Irish and Welsh calendar[edit / edit wiki text]
Additional information: Irish calendar
Calendar terms in Celtic languages[edit / edit wiki text]
Term Proto - Celtic Irish Gaelic Manx Welsh Cornish Breton Year *bl(e)id anī blian bliadhna blein blwydd, blwyddyn bledhen bloavezh, bloaz Season ráithe, séasúr ràith imbagh tymor, pryd séson koulz amzer Winter *gajamo Geimhreadh geamhradh geurey gaeaf gwaf goañv Spring *φerrāko earrach earrach arragh gwanwyn gwaynten nevezamzer Summer *samo samhradh samhradh sourey haf haf hañv Autumn *kento gijamo fómhar foghar fouyr hydref kynyaf diskar amzer
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
Irish calendar
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Brennan, Martin, 1994.
The Stones of Time: Calendars, Sundials, and Stone Chambers of Ancient Ireland.
Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions Brunaux, Jean Louis, 1986 Les Gaulois: Sanctuaires et Rites Paris: Editions Errance Duval, Paul Marie, et Pinault, Georges [eds] Recueil des Inscriptions Gauloises (R.I.G.), Vol. 3: The calendars of Coligny (73 fragments) and Villards d’Heria (8 fragments)
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Sherwood E. A. Calendar of the ancient Celts and Germans / / Calendar in the culture of the peoples of the world: A collection of articles.
- M.: Nauka.
Publishing company "Oriental literature", 1993.
Ray White, "Coligny" Pretanic World Celtic Calendar Caer Australis — The Celtic Calendar
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Celts Ancient Celts
Celtology People Name • Gaels • Britons • Picts • Gauls • Celtiberians • See also: Pre Celtic population of Western Europe Places Gaelic Ireland • Dal Riada / Alba • Prehistoric Ireland • Prehistoric Wales • Prehistoric Scotland • British Iron Age / Roman Britain / Sub Roman Britain •
Iron Age Gaul / Roman Gaul • Galatia • Gallecia Religion Paganism • Christianity Mythology Irish • Scottish • Welsh • British • Breton Society Calendar • Law • Gaelic Clothing and Fashion • Gaelic War • Celtic War • Coinage Art Island Art • Triskelion * Patterns • Celtic Cross • Labyrinth • Pictish Stones • Wheel
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Renaissance Modern Celtic Nations * Pan Celticism (Celtic Congress • Celtic League) • Music • Neo Paganism (Reenactment) Languages Proto Celtic language • Insular (British • Goidelskie) * Continental (Celtiberian • Gaulish • Galatian • Lepontian) • Q Celtic and P Celtic languages Holidays Samhain / Kalan Gaeav • Imbolk/Candlemass • Beltane/Kalan Mai • Lughnasad Lists Celts • Tribes • Gods • List of Celtic loanwords
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Categories: Celtic art Celtic mythology Irish culture Calendars
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