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10 masterpieces of classical music
I would add to all of the above: Tchaikovsky The Nutcracker (March, Waltz of Flowers, Pas de deux) Borodin ... 26.02.2016 09: 59 Valery
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Date of birth: December 17, 1770 Place of birth: Bonn Country: Germany Date of death: March 26, 1827
Ludwig van Beethoven (German.
Ludwig van Beethoven is a great German composer, conductor and pianist.
In Bonn, in December 1770, a son was born in the family of the court musician Beethoven, who was named Ludwig.
The exact date of his birth is unknown.
There is only an entry in the metric book of the St. Remigius Catholic Church in Bonn that Ludwig Beethoven was baptized on December 17, 1770.
In 1774 and 1776, two more boys were born in the family: Kaspar Anton Karl and Nikolai Johann.
Even as a child, Ludwig was distinguished by a rare concentration, perseverance and isolation.
The father, having discovered his son's extraordinary talent, spent hours studying music with him.
At the age of eight, little Beethoven gave his first concert in the city of Cologne.
The boy's concerts were also held in other cities.
Until the age of ten, Ludwig attended primary school, where Latin was the main subject, and arithmetic and German spelling were secondary subjects.
The school years gave little Beethoven very little.
Ludwig did not manage to get a secondary education, as the family lived in need.
However, while engaged in self education, a few years later the young Beethoven learned to read Latin fluently, translated Cicero's speeches, mastered French and Italian.
At the age of ten, Beethoven began to comprehend the secrets of compositional technique, studying with the organist and composer Christian Gottlieb Nefe.
The training began through a deep and comprehensive study of the works of great composers.
In one of his magazine articles, Nefe wrote that he had studied with little Beethoven the collection of preludes and fugues by Johann Sebastian Bach "The Clavier of a good order".
The name of Bach was known at that time only to a narrow circle of musicians and was highly revered by them.
Beethoven's first known composition dates back to 1782 — piano variations on the theme of a march by the now forgotten composer E. Dressler's.
The next work — three sonatas for harpsichord was written in 1783, when Beethoven was in his thirteenth year.
The financial situation of the family was such that the boy was forced to work.
He entered the court chapel as an organist.
Having grown stronger as a composer and pianist, Beethoven realized his long standing dream — in 1787 he went to Vienna to meet Mozart.
Beethoven played his works and improvised in the presence of the famous composer.
Mozart was struck by the courage and richness of the young man's imagination, the extraordinary manner of performance, stormy and impetuous.
Addressing the audience, Mozart exclaimed: "Pay attention to him!
He will make everyone talk about himself!"
The two great musicians were not destined to meet again.
Beethoven's mother, who was so dearly and devotedly loved by them, died.
The young man was forced to take on all the worries about the family.
Raising two little brothers required attention, care, and money.
Beethoven began to serve in the opera house, played the viola in the orchestra, performed concerts, gave lessons.
During these years, Beethoven develops as a person, his worldview is formed.
A great role was played here by his studies at the university, which, however, he attended for a very short time, on the advice of Nefe.
His hometown becomes too small for him.
A meeting with Haydn, who was passing through Bonn, strengthened his decision to go to Vienna and study with the famous composer.
Beethoven's first public concert was held in Vienna in 1795.
Then the young musician went on a long journey through Prague, Nuremberg, Leipzig to Berlin.
Three years later, he toured Prague again.
Beethoven studied with the best musicians and teachers in Vienna.
Mozart and Haydn, the greatest of his predecessors, showed him a model of creative work in a new classical direction.
Albrechtsberger thoroughly went through the counterpoint with him, the masterful possession of which Beethoven was justly famous for.
Salieri taught him the art of writing opera parts.
Alois Foerster taught Beethoven the art of quartet composition.
Combined with his incredible ability to work, all this musical culture, assimilated and processed by him, made Beethoven the most educated musician of his era.
Already in the first years of his life in Vienna, Beethoven won fame as a virtuoso pianist.
His performance impressed the audience.
Beethoven boldly contrasted extreme registers (and at that time they played mostly in the middle), widely used the pedal (and it was also rarely used at that time), used massive chord consonances.
In fact, it was he who created a piano style far from the exquisitely lacy manner of harpsichordists.
This style can be found in his piano sonatas No. 8 — Pathetic (the name is given by the composer himself), No. 13 and No. 14, both have the author's subtitle: "Sonata quasi una Fantasia" (in the spirit of fantasy).
The poet Relshtab later called Sonata No. 14 "Lunar", and although this name is suitable only for the first part, and not for the finale, it was fixed forever for the entire work.
Beethoven's works began to be widely published and enjoyed success.
During the first decade of Vienna, a lot was written: twenty sonatas for piano and three piano concertos, eight sonatas for violin, quartets and other chamber works, the oratorio "Christ on the Mount of Olives", the ballet "The Works of Prometheus", the First and Second Symphonies.
In 1796, Beethoven began to lose his hearing.
He develops tinitis, an inflammation of the inner ear that leads to ringing in the ears.
On the advice of doctors, he retreats for a long time in the small town of Heiligenstadt.
However, peace and quiet do not improve his well being.
Beethoven begins to realize that deafness is incurable.
In Heiligenstadt, the composer begins work on a new Third Symphony, which he will call Heroic.
Later years: 1802-1812
In piano creativity, the composer's own style is already noticeable in the early sonatas, but in symphonic maturity came to him later.
According to Tchaikovsky, only in the third symphony "all the immense, amazing power of Beethoven's creative genius was revealed for the first time."
Beethoven composes the Sixth Symphony Because of his deafness, Beethoven is separated from the world, deprived of sound perception.
He becomes sullen, withdrawn.
It was during these years that the composer created his most famous works one after another.
In the same years, the composer is working on his only opera "Fidelio".
The success of Fidelio came only in 1814, when the opera was staged first in Vienna, then in Prague, where it was conducted by the famous German composer Weber, and finally in Berlin.
Shortly before his death, the composer gave the manuscript of "Fidelio" to his friend and secretary Schindler with the words: "This child of my spirit was born in more severe torments than others, and gave me the greatest grief.
Therefore, it is dearer to me than anyone else…"
After 1812, the composer's creative activity fell for a while.
However, after three years, he begins to work with the same energy.
At this time, piano sonatas from the Twenty eighth to the last, Thirty second, two sonatas for cello, quartets, a vocal cycle "To a distant beloved" were created.
But the main creations of recent years have been two of Beethoven's most monumental works — the Solemn Mass and the Ninth Symphony with a Choir.
The ninth symphony was performed in 1824 The audience gave the composer an ovation.
The ovation lasted so long that the police officials who were present immediately demanded that it be stopped.
Such greetings were allowed only in relation to the person of the emperor.
In Austria, after the defeat of Napoleon, a police regime was established.
The government, frightened by the revolution, pursued any free thought.
However, Beethoven's fame was so great that the government did not dare to touch him.
Despite his deafness, the composer continues to be aware of not only political, but also musical news.
He has read the scores of Rossini's operas, looks through a collection of Schubert's songs, gets acquainted with the operas of the German composer Weber.
After the death of his younger brother, the composer took care of his son.
Beethoven placed his nephew in the best boarding schools, instructs his student Karl Czerny to study music with him.
The composer wanted the boy to become a scientist or an artist, but he was attracted not by art, but by cards and billiards.
Entangled in debt, he attempted suicide.
This attempt did not cause much harm: the bullet only slightly scratched the skin on the head.
Beethoven was very worried about this.
His health deteriorated sharply.
The composer develops a serious liver disease.
Over twenty thousand people followed his coffin.
A speech written by the poet Grillparzer was heard at the grave: "He was an artist, but also a man, a man in the highest sense of the word…
It can be said about him, as about no one else: he did a great thing, there was nothing wrong with him."
Comments
+4
#5 Violetta Igontova 11.11.2014 11: 53 for less, but in general, it's fine thank you
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-1
#4 Denis 17.12.2013 18: 27 sps will probably put 5
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+7
#3 Nastya 23.01.2013 09: 07 On the contrary, we need more, in more detail!!!:)
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-2
#2 Elena 14.09.2012 13: 44 is it possible to do something smaller?
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+30
#1 vitalik 29.11.2011 12: 58 thank you from the bottom of my heart !
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