The Hobbit, or There and Back
Material from Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Go to: navigation, Search
The request "Hobbit" is redirected here; see also other values.
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again
The cover of the first edition of the 1937 book with the author's image of the dragon Smaug Genre: Children's literature, fantasy
By John R. R. Tolkien
Original language: English
Date of first publication: September 21, 1937
Publisher: Allen & Unwin (UK)
Next: The Lord of the Rings
The Hobbit, or There and Back Again (English: The Hobbit, or There and Back Again) is a fantasy novel and children's book by British writer J. R. R. Tolkien.
The book tells about the adventures of the Hobbit Bilbo Baggins, to which he was pushed by the wizard Gandalf and the company of thirteen dwarfs.
The purpose of their campaign is a journey to the Lonely Mountain, where there are treasures guarded by the dragon Smaug.
The original purpose of writing The Hobbit was to entertain Tolkien's young children.
The unfinished manuscript is read only by close friends of the author and, eventually, it falls into the hands of the editor of the London " Allen & Unwin", which asks the writer to complete the story and write illustrations.
The first publication of The Hobbit was released on September 21, 1937 in the UK.
This is the first published work that reveals the universe of Middle earth, on which Tolkien has been working for more than twenty years.
It meets success with critics and brings a large profit, which encourages Allen & Unwin, ask Tolkien for a sequel.
More success and fame was received by the sequel - "The Lord of the Rings", undoubtedly a much darker and more serious work, in comparison with"The Hobbit".
For the sake of consistency between the two books, Tolkien makes a change in the text of The Hobbit, in particular, regarding Gollum.
It was "The Hobbit" that was Tolkien's first filmed book.
A cartoon based on it was shot in 1977 by directors Rankin and Bess.
Based on the book and Tolkien's drafts, the film trilogy "The Hobbit" by Peter Jackson was also shot.
Content
1 History of creation 2 Background 3 Plot 4 Heroes of the book 5 Motives and references 6 Translations 7 Film Adaptations 8 Games 9 Musical works 10 Literature 11 Notes 12 References
Creation history[edit / edit wiki text]
"The Hobbit..." was born from a fairy tale composed by Tolkien for his children.
He was so carried away by her that he not only wrote down a fairy tale story, but also drew maps of a fictional country — Middle earth together with his sons.
The story remained unfinished, Tolkien only reprinted the handwritten text in one copy and sometimes gave it to his friends to read.
One of Tolkien's students in a conversation with the editor of the Allen publishing house & Unwin Susan Dagnal was enthusiastic about the book.
Dagnal, after reading " The Hobbit...", addressed a letter to Tolkien, where she asked him to finish the plot.
However, the director of the publishing house, Stanley Unwin, doubting whether the book would be a success, gave it to his ten year old son for review.
According to the boy, young children should have liked the book.
Background[edit / edit wiki text]
The fortress of Erebor, located inside a Lonely Mountain, was created in 1999 — the Third Epoch of the Sun by King Train I, who fled with his people from Moria, after one of the Balrogs woke up.
Six centuries later, the dragon Smaug, having learned about the treasures of Erebor, suddenly attacked the kingdom.
Most of the dwarves died, but some, including Thror, his son Thrain II and grandson Thorin, escaped.
The dragon, having driven the dwarves out of Erebor, crawled into the treasury and lay there on a pile of treasures.
The One Ring was lost after the death of Isildur, but was found about 2460 later by the Hobbit Deagol, who died at the hand of Smeagol.
Being an exile in his village, Smeagol disappeared into the Misty Mountains, where, subject to the power of the Ring, he became a being named Gollum.
After some time, the king of the Dwarves, Train II, decided to return to Erebor, but was captured and captured in the fortress of Dol Guldur.
Nine years later, Gandalf visited Dol Guldur and found Thrain II, who, before his death, gave him the map and the key to the Lonely Mountain.
Gandalf found out that none other than Sauron had returned to Dol Guldur.
The wizard tries to convince the White Council to attack before the enemy gains strength, but the head of the Council, Saruman, considered the danger not serious.
Plot[edit / edit wiki text]
The action of" The Hobbit " begins in the Shire, a settlement of hobbits.
Or rather, on the day when Gandalf paid an unexpected visit to Bilbo Baggins with a group of thirteen dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield.
The squad also included: Balin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur, Dvalin, Nori, Dori, Ori, Oin, Kili and Fili.
The dwarves need another participant of the campaign, an experienced thief, to implement the plan: to get to the Lonely Mountain, defeat the dragon Smaug and restore the former glory of Erebor.
Gandalf recommended Bilbo as a burglar and the hobbit, unexpectedly for himself, agrees.
On the way to the Misty Mountains, the group was captured by three trolls (Tom, Bert and William).
The wizard, knowing the weaknesses of these creatures, dragged out the time until dawn and then the trolls turned into stone.
In their lair, the party found rare swords, and Bilbo received a dagger, which he later called the Sting.
After a while, the party reached Rivendell, where the elf Elrond the wise helped them read the secret maps.
A storm forces a group of people who find themselves in the Misty Mountains to take refuge in a cave, where they are captured by goblins and taken to their king.
Gandalf saves the dwarves.
However, Bilbo, running away from the goblins, got lost in the caves.
There he finds a mysterious ring, and then meets Gollum, who offers him to play riddles, on the condition that if Bilbo wins, Gollum undertakes to take him out of the cave, and if he loses, Gollum will eat him.
Bilbo wins, but Gollum suspected him of stealing the ring and decided to kill him.
The hobbit, accidentally wearing a ring, gained invisibility and, following Gollum, found a way out of the cave.
Soon he met with his squad.
However, the goblins caught up with them, and only the intervention of the eagles saved the squad's lives.
The birds said goodbye to the party not far from Beorn's house.
He helps them get to Likholesye.
At the edge of the forest, Gandalf leaves his friends.
During the passage through the forest, the dwarves are captured twice: once by giant spiders, and the other by elves, but each time Bilbo, using the ring, frees his comrades.
On the way to the Lonely Mountain, the travelers meet people in the Lake City, who hope that the dwarves will fulfill the prophecy and kill Smaug.
With the help of the ring, Bilbo sneaks into the dragon's lair and steals the golden cup.
When Bilbo comes to the dragon again to find out his weak point, Smaug wakes up and has a conversation with the hobbit.
Bilbo manages to find out about the dragon's weak point by trickery.
Smaug, angry that the inhabitants of the Lake City helped the dwarves, attacks the settlement.
A noble blackbird, who heard from Bilbo about the vulnerability of the dragon, tells the Bard about it, and he kills the dragon.
When the dwarves finally take possession of the mountain, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, the jewel of the Thorin dynasty, and steals it.
Meanwhile, the old raven informs Thorin that the elves and the inhabitants of the Lake City are heading to Erebor and want to get their part of the treasures.
Torin refuses to share and asks Raven to get to his brother, Dain, and ask for help.
Bilbo, with the help of Arkenstone, tries to resolve the issue peacefully, but Thorin is adamant.
He sends Bilbo away.
It looks like a battle is inevitable.
Reinforcements arrive to the dwarves under the leadership of Dain, and the dwarves begin to attack.
At this moment, Gandalf appears to warn everyone about the approaching army of goblins and wargs.
Dwarves, elves and humans unite to fight them in the Battle of the Five Armies.
When the hope of victory is almost lost, giant eagles and Beorn himself appear in bear form.
He throws goblins and wargs, and then tramples the goblin leader, Bolg.
Horror engulfs the goblins, and humans, elves and dwarves win.
But the victory was achieved at a high price: many warriors died, and with them Fili, Kili and Torin.
The hobbit gets only a small part of all the treasures, considering that he does not need more, but still returns home incredibly rich.
Heroes of the book[edit / edit wiki text]
Bilbo Baggins
Bilbo Baggins is a hobbit, the main character of the work.
He was born on September 22, 2890 of the Third Epoch.
The parents are Bango Baggins and Belladonna Tuck.
Throughout the adventure, Bilbo often mentions the desire to return home.
Smaug Golden
Gandalf (in Aman, his name was Olorin) - Mayar, a wandering wizard.
In the Third Age, along with four others, Maiar was sent to Middle earth as part of the formed Order to help the inhabitants of Middle Earth in the fight against Sauron.
Gandalf traveled a lot, was unpretentious and did not seek fame.
He tried to reconcile all the peoples of Middle earth.
He visited the Shire several times and helped the Hobbits in any way he could.
His next visit led to Bilbo's journey "back and forth".
Thorin Oakenshield is the proud and respected head of the Dwarves and the heir to the Kingdom of the Foothill.
The son of Train II, born in the year 2746 of the Third Epoch, fought with his people at Azanulbizar.
After the defeat of the dwarves, he accompanied his father to the Blue Mountains, and after his death in the dungeons of Dol Guldur, he became the new King under the Mountain.
It was on his initiative that a group of dwarves was assembled in order to return the lost treasures of their ancestors.
Smaug the Golden one of the dragons who lived in the Misty Mountains.
Having learned about the growing wealth of Erebor, he attacked the dwarf kingdom, as well as the neighboring city of Dale, killing and devouring many people and dwarves in the process.
After getting rid of the dwarves and having had enough, he fell asleep in the former palace of Thrain.
In addition to gold and a thirst for murder, he loved, like many dragons, riddles and flattery.
Gollum is a mysterious inhabitant of the underground labyrinths under the Misty Mountains.
He loved the dark, fish, cowardly and treacherous.
However, he easily communicated with Bilbo, as if he took him for his kinsman.
He owned (before meeting Bilbo) a magic ring that made its wearer invisible.
The image of this character is fully revealed only in "The Lord of the Rings".
There are many minor characters in the book.
The other twelve dwarves from Torin's group (Dwalin, Balin, Kili, Fili, Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Bombur).
Beorn — according to Gandalf, an exile who settled near Mirkwood.
He is a werewolf, could turn into a bear.
He hated Orcs very much.
He is known for giving shelter to Gandalf, Bilbo and the dwarves during their journey to the Lonely Mountain, and also for fighting on their side in the Battle of the Five Armies, where he personally killed the goblin king Bolga.
Dain II is the dwarf king of the Iron Hills, a cousin of Thorin.
After the Battle of the Three Warriors, he became the king of Erebor.
The Supreme Goblin is the leader of the goblins of the Misty Mountains, who captured the dwarves and Bilbo.
Killed by Gandalf.
Bolg is the king of the Orcs, the son of Azog.
In the battle of Erebor, he was killed (crushed) Beorn in the form of a bear.
The Bard Archer is a resident of the Lake City (Esgaroth).
Captain of the archers of the city militia, who defeated the dragon Smaug, a descendant of the rulers of Dale.
Thranduil is the king of the elves of Mirkwood.
Participated in the Battle of the Five Armies.
He called Bilbo A "Friend of the Elves".
Motives and references[edit / edit wiki text]
German Norse mythology was used more actively in the story " The Hobbit "than in the novel" The Lord of the Rings", but unlike him, the Arthurian epic was almost not involved.
In addition to using the actual elves, dwarves and trolls from Scandinavian legends, the Professor gave almost all the heroes the names listed in the "Elder Edda".
All the names of the dwarves, as well as the name of Gandalf, are taken from the list of "Lower Alves" (dwarves).
In addition, Thorin's nickname is Oakenshield (in the original — Oakenshield)) it is also a translation of the name Eikinskjaldi from the list of lower alves.
The prototype for Gandalf's appearance was a Swiss postcard called "Mountain Spirit", which depicts an old bearded man in a wide brimmed hat feeding a deer with his hand.
Initially, the character's name was Bloodortin, and the name Gandalf was worn by the king of the dwarves, in the final version known as Thorin Oakenshield.
Later, the author gave this name to the wizard, since the former one seemed too frivolous.
The decoding of the name also played a role: gandr — a magic staff, alfr — alv (elf or dwarf).
In addition, archetypal plots of myths and fairy tales are quoted, played out and parodied in the story.
So, the episode in which Gandalf confuses the trolls so that dawn turns them into stone is almost an exact quote from the" Edd", where Thor did this to the dwarf Alvis.
As in "The Lord of the Rings", the Arthurian archetype of the return of the rightful king is used.
Unlike the Lord of the Rings trilogy, the Hobbit genre is not so much a fantasy as a literary fairy tale built on well — known folklore schemes: there is a "own" land, where the hero's native home is located, and a "foreign" one, where he is on his way.
The storyline is a combination of two main motives of the adventure: killing a dragon and getting a treasure, and the hobbit is directly or indirectly involved in each of them.
Where it is impossible for Bilbo to perform his function himself, his deputy performs his task.
For example, it is the hobbit who discovers the dragon's weak point, but the Bard Archer uses this information.
"The Hobbit" is read at first as a funny fairy tale for children, although in fact it is addressed to a wide audience.
The author managed to simultaneously create the atmosphere of a fairy tale and pass it through the prism of the consciousness of a person of the XX century, where an ironic rethinking of the traditions of the past occupies a considerable place.
A vivid example is the story of how one of the warlike ancestors of a peaceful hobbit took off the head of the goblin leader with his club.
She "flew a hundred meters through the air and landed right down the rabbit hole; thus, the battle was won and the game of golf was invented," the narrator sums up.[1]
Translations[edit / edit wiki text]
"The Hobbit" was translated into dozens of languages, including, by 2012, into Latin[2][3], receiving the name "Hobbitus Ille".
The first translations were made into Swedish and Spanish.
There were also plans to publish the book in Germany, but the censorship of the Third Reich required the author to confirm that he was not a Jew.
Although Tolkien really did not have Jewish roots, he replied in a sharp style that he "regrets that he does not have kinship with this talented people"[4].
After that, German publication became impossible.
For the first time in German, "The Hobbit" was released only in 1957.
The first translation into Russian, made by Natalia Rakhmanova[5], was published in 1976[6] by the publishing house "Children's Literature" [7].
In the USSR, several more translations were published, made not from the original, but from Russian translations, in particular into Armenian, Moldovan and other languages.
The Ukrainian translation (K.: Veselka, 1985) was made by the Ukrainian poet and translator Alexander Mokrovolsky[5] from the original.
There are also Russian translations of The Hobbit by the authors: Z. Bobyr[5][6]; V. Matorina (under the pseudonym "V. A. M.") [6]; S. Stepanov and M. Kamenkovich[5][6]; K. Korolev and V. Tikhomirov[5][6]; L. Yakhnin[5][6]; A. Gruzberg[5]; I. Togoeva[5]; S. Likhacheva (excerpts)[5][6]; N. Prokhorova[5][6]; M. Vinogradova[5]; Vladimir Bakanov, Grigory Kruzhkov and E. Dobrokhotova Maikova[5][6].
Film adaptations[edit / edit wiki text]
In 1966, a short cartoon by Gene Deitch, co produced by the United States and Czechoslovakia, was released.
The events of the story "The Hobbit" have been shortened and changed: there are no dwarves in the cartoon, but there are some Princess and a general.
The animation is very schematic, the characters do not talk, and the narrator leads the whole story.
In 1977, the full length cartoon "The Hobbit" by Arthur Rankin and Jules Bass was released.
The cartoon won a Peabody Award and was nominated for the Hugo Award for best production (lost to the film "Star Wars").
In the Soviet Union, two attempts were made to film the story.
In 1985, a TV play "The Fabulous Journey of Mr. Bilbo Baggins, the Hobbit" was released on Leningrad television with Zinovy Gerdt as a professor, Mikhail Danilov as Bilbo, Anatoly Ravikovich as Torin and Igor Dmitriev as Gollum.
In 1991, in the USSR, the company "Argus "began shooting the cartoon" Treasures under the Mountain " with Nikolai Karachentsov in the role of Gandalf.
Only the introduction has been preserved from the film, the shooting was not completed[8].
In 1993, the Finnish company YLE TV studios released a nine part series "Hobbits" ("Hobitit"), in which the events of the story "The Hobbit"and the Lord of the Rings trilogy are covered in an abbreviated version.
After the film adaptation of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, its director and screenwriter Peter Jackson became the producer of The Hobbit film, which was announced on December 25, 2004.
Initially, according to the statement of the film companies, Guillermo del Toro was supposed to act as a director.
However, due to the bankruptcy of the MGM studio and the freezing of pre production until the fall of 2010, del Toro left the project.
Unable to find a more worthy candidate, Jackson took the director's chair himself.
It was originally planned that the first film of the dilogy would be based on Tolkien's story, and the second would be an apocrypha telling about the decades between the events of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
However, the idea of an "apocryphal film" had to be abandoned, since the film company did not have the proper rights to Tolkien's drafts.
Filming began on March 21, 2011 in New Zealand, and ended on July 6, 2012.
Also on July 30, 2012, it became known that Peter Jackson intends to make a trilogy out of The Hobbit, providing it with elements that were not in the book, but based on Tolkien's drafts and notes.
The release of the first film "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey" took place on December 19 (RF) and December 28 (mir) 2012, the premiere of the second part, "The Hobbit: The Wasteland of Smaug", took place on December 2 (mir) December 18 (RF) 2013, the premiere of the third part, "The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies", took place on December 1 (mir) and December 11 (RF) 2014[9][10][11].
Games[edit / edit wiki text]
The Hobbit is an addon in the Heroes of Might and Magic series of games.
In 2003, Vivendi Universal released The Hobbit: The Prehistory of the Lord of the Rings saga.
In April 2014, the game Lego The Hobbit was released
Musical works[edit / edit wiki text]
The German metal band Blind Guardian has a song called "The bard's song — The Hobbit", retelling the contents of the book.
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
V. Muravyov.
Prehistory / / D. R. R. Tolkien.
The Keepers.
- Yoshkar Ola: Mari Book Publishing House, 1992 — - ISBN 5-7590-0378-3.
Carpenter H. J. R. R. Tolkien.
Biography.
- Moscow: EKSMO Press, 2002 — - 432 p ISBN 5-04-008886-8.
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ J. R. R. Tolkien.
The Hobbit, or There and back.
- St. Petersburg: ABC classics, 2006.
- 320 p — - 5000 copies.
— ISBN 5-352-01914-4.
↑ "Hobbitus Ille": "The Hobbit" in Latin | Hennet Annun: All about the films The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings ↑ Hobbitus Ille: The Latin Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien, Mark Walker, ISBN 9780007445219 ↑ The letters of J. R. R. Tolkien, 37.
Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000.
0-618-05699-8 ISBN, ISBN 978-0-618-05699-6 ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 John.
R. R. Tolkien "the Hobbit, or There and back again" ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 F. A. Q for translations and interpreters of John.
R. R. Tolkien — Item 5 — Who translated "the Hobbit"?
↑ Archives Of Minas Tirith: J. J. R. R. Tolkien in the USSR: 1969-1989 G. G. (Bibliography with comments and details) ↑ HOBBIT.
TREASURES UNDER THE MOUNTAIN (rus.).
<url> - "Prologue to an unrealized film based on the works of Tolkien" Checked on January 18, 2012.
Archived from the original source on February 4, 2012.
↑ "The last film of the Hobbit trilogy will be released worldwide on July 18, 2014."
↑ The official blog of the film is Announcing the release date ↑ The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies world premiere (English).
BBC (1 December 2014).
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
There is a portal in Wikipedia
"Middle Earth"
There is a page on the topic in Wikicitatnik
The Hobbit, or There and Back
The official online book shop (English) Covers of foreign editions of the book, 1937-2007. (English)
Covers of Soviet/post Soviet editions of the book, 1976-2005. (Russian)
The history of writing "The Hobbit"
"The Hobbit" by J. R. R. Tolkien Editions Editions in English · Early American editions · Translations Characters Bilbo Baggins · Gandalf · Thorin Oakenshield · Balin * Dwalin · Fili · Kili · Dori · Nori · Ori · Oin * Gloin · Bifur · Bofur · Bombur · Tom · Bert · Bill · Elrond · The High Goblin · Gollum · Lord of the Eagles * Beorn · Thranduil · Burgomaster of the Lake City · Smog · Bard · Dain Adaptations of the 1968 radio series · Cartoon, 1977 · Game, 1982 · Game, 2003 · Film, 2012 Related works The story of the Hobbit · The Lord of the Rings (The Brotherhood of the Ring · Two fortresses · The Return of the King) · The Adventures of Tom Bombadil · The Silmarillion · Unfinished Tales · The Story of Middle Earth (includes the Story of the Lord of the Rings) * Bilbo's Last Song · Hurin's Children
Legend J. R. R. Tolkien's Rium Published
during his lifetime
The Hobbit, or There and Back • The Lord of the Rings (The Brotherhood of the Ring • Two fortresses • The Return of the King) • The adventures of Tom Bombadil • The road goes far and far
Published
posthumously
The Silmarillion • Unfinished Tales • The History of Middle Earth (The Book of Lost Tales • The Ballads of Beleriand • The Dispensation of Middle Earth • The Lost Way and other Stories • The Story of the Lord of the Rings • The Ring of Morgoth • The War of Gems • The Peoples of Middle Earth) • The Last Song of Bilbo • The Children of Hurin • The Story of the Hobbit • The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien
See also
Influence and adaptations • Middle Earth: Characters (Elves • Dwarves • Hobbits • Orcs • Kings of Numenor • The Reigning Queens of Numenor • Numenorians • Kings of Arnor • Pathfinders of the North • The Kings of Gondor • Governors of Gondor • The Kings of Rohan • Kings of Dale) • Artifacts • Epochs • Races • States • Cities • Wars and battles • Languages • Plants • Animals • Secondary geographical features
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Хоббит, _ went back and forth&oldid=76066881"
Categories: Literary works in the alphabet Tolkien's Legendarium Fantastic stories in English Books in the genre of fantasy Children's literature of the XX century Stories of 1937
Hidden categories: Wikipedia:Articles with redefinition of the value from Wikidata Articles with links to Wikicitatnik
Navigation
Personal Tools
You did not introduce yourself to the system Discussion Contribution Create an account Log in
Namespaces
Article Discussion
Variants
Views
Read Edit Edit wiki text History
More
Search
Navigation
Title Page Heading Index A Z Selected articles Random article Current Events
Participation
Report a bug Community Portal Forum Recent edits New pages Help Donations
Tools
Links Here Related Edits Special Pages Permalink Page Information Wikidata element Quote Page
Print/Export
Create a book Download as PDF Printable version
In other projects
Wikicitatnik
In other languages
Aragonés Ænglisc العربية Asturianu Azərbaycanca Belarusian Belarusian (tarashkevitsa) বাংলা Bosanski Brezhoneg Bulgarian Català Cymraeg Čeština Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά English Esperanto Español Eesti Euskara فارسی Suomi Français Frysk Gaeilge Gàidhlig Galego עברית Hrvatski Magyar Հայերեն Interlingua Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano 日本語 ქართული Kazakh 한국어 Kurdî Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Lumbaart ລາວ Macedonian Kyryk Mary Mirandés Nederlands Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Novial Occitan Polski Português Română Sardu Scots Srpskohrvatski / srpskohrvatski Simple English Slovenčina Srpski Slovenscina / Ślůnski srpski Svenska తెలుగు ไทย Türkçe Türkmençe Tatarcha/tatarça Ukrainian Tiếng Việt 中文
Edit links
Last modified on this page: 12: 05, January 28, 2016.
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license; in some cases, additional conditions may apply.
For more information, see Terms of use.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the non profit organization Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.
Contact us
Privacy Policy Wikipedia Description Disclaimer Developers Cookie Agreement Mobile Version
