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Green city.
A city in a park.
The city project in the park belongs to the now popular theme of "smart city" and "creative city".
The essence of the project is to create an urban infrastructure based on living systems.
Author: Georgy Afanasyev.
None of the problems of the modern city can be solved by traditional means, while biological methods provide fundamentally new opportunities.
A good example is the solution of the global problem of megacities: garbage recycling.
The use of microorganisms makes it possible to degrade garbage into useful substances in a short time and make the former waste the basis for plant nutrition, the production of fertile land, biogas, depending on the cultures of microorganisms that were used.
Instead of landfills in the Moscow region, which cause enormous damage to the environment and occupy vast territories, the city receives useful products.
Whether we take the problem of clean water or a healthy food system, there is everywhere the possibility of using complex biosystems that should be combined into a biocenosis chain.
Specially built urban biocinosis will significantly change the life of the city for the better.
We are not talking here about decoration, the function of which is currently, for example, parks, which are a small outlet, an oasis among the concrete and iron dead infrastructure.
The task is to rebuild the infrastructure of the urban environment itself and make it the basis of living systems.
Another obvious example: urban roadsides can be planted with grass, but not with grass that is sown anew every year, but with a culture that is really stable in the conditions of our strip, akin to grass that grows independently, for example, along highways.
This grass is not mown, very low growing, creating a dense canopy that does not allow the earth to collapse and wash out, pollute roads, form dust.
No one studied it, did not think about how to transfer it to all the roadsides.
Another example is vertical landscaping in cities, especially in the central part.
Such an infrastructure move will allow to saturate the air with oxygen, the lack of which is obvious with the existing percentage ratio of the oxygen producer to its consumer.
At the moment, there are several types of climbing crops that can survive the winter in our conditions, but they are still not used.
Such crops include Far Eastern grapes, hops, which can cover the walls of buildings with a solid, durable carpet of vegetation.
Instead, they plant decorative annuals in baskets – the most inadequate solution of all possible.
Until now, a yard is considered good if it is a completely flat, regular shaped area, and if this is not the case by nature, then a lot of effort is spent on leveling the surfaces.
But an uneven landscape is much better for everyone: this is wind protection for a playground, hilly terrain for walking, the ability to plant more whimsical plants in heat traps.
When another park or green area is created in the city, no one takes into account that small useful plants, insects, microorganisms do not start on their own, while they could work on this territory if you choose the right symbiotic, cooperating cultures and species.
"City in the Park", like all smart city solutions, have a serious commercial component.
For example, the "starter culture" for compost on the Russian market is represented exclusively by foreign manufacturers, a small share is taken by the supplies of Irkutsk manufacturers, despite the fact that there is a science city, a biological center recognized worldwide in the country.
Another example is the commercial side of park culture that exists in many countries: most national nature parks in the United States earn money, are self supporting (self supporting) enterprises.
Here I would like to note separately that there has been a serious shift and park art in the world is no longer park art, but horticulure.
Horticulture is the simultaneous cultivation of trees, shrubs, flowers, vegetables and fruit crops that together make up a single complex.
In Russia, it is still believed that the park is flowers, flower beds, benches, trees, while the horticulture forms a different environment: with berry fields where you can collect edible berries, independent biocenoses, urban gardens – the Eden of a smart city.
But this is a designed biocenosis, in which certain animals, insects, and microorganisms coexist and develop an order of magnitude more difficult than lifeless parks.
A new direction of urban development, in urban studies, associated with the introduction of living systems, projected biocenoses in cities, is currently one of the most discussed trends.
This approach will remove all the main problems that are unsolvable with the help of previous methods.
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