Russian painting of the 19th century.
Russian Russian artists in the Russian fine Art
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Russian Russian art culture, the origins of which began with classicism, acquired a powerful folk sound, as high classicism, which was reflected in painting, gradually moved from Romanticism to realism in Russian fine art.
Contemporaries of that time especially appreciated the direction of painting by Russian artists, in which the historical genre with an emphasis on national themes prevailed.
But at the same time, there were no special changes in the art of historical painting compared to the masters of the second half of the 18th century and from the very beginning of the history of Russian portrait.
Russian artists often dedicated their works to the true heroes of ancient Russia, whose exploits inspired them to write historical canvases.
Russian painters of the early 19th century established their own principle of describing portraits, paintings, having developed their own directions in painting, in the image of man,nature, which testifies to a completely independent figurative concept.
Russian artists in their paintings reflected various ideals of national ascent, gradually abandoning the strict principles of classicism imposed by academic foundations.
The 19th century was marked by the high flourishing of Russian painting, in which Russian artists left an indelible mark on the history of Russian fine art for posterity, imbued with the spirit of a comprehensive reflection of the life of the people.
Russian Russian artists, the largest researchers of Russian painting in general, note the outstanding role in the high flourishing of the work of great Russian artists and fine art of the 19th century.
Russian Russian artists ' achievements and achievements in painting of the 19th century, in which they showed themselves, are of great importance and unique value in the visual arts, paintings created by Russian artists have always enriched Russian culture .
Orest Adamovich Kiprensky (1782-1836) Beautifully and subtly painted portraits of the artist Kiprensky brought him fame and true recognition among his contemporaries.
His portraits reflect the beauty of excitement, the refined inner world of images and the state of the soul.
His first portrait of Adam Schwalbe, shown in 1804 at an exhibition in St. Petersburg, received many positive reviews.
In 1805, the painting Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo Field was awarded a large gold medal for this work.
Contemporaries compared his works with the genres of lyrical poetry, poetic dedication to friends, which was well spread in Pushkin's time.
In many ways, Kiprensky discovered new opportunities in painting.
Each of his portraits is distinguished by a new pictorial system, well chosen light and shadow, a variety of contrast.
His works are Self portrait, A. R. Tomilov, I. V. Kusov, A. I. Korsakov 1808.
Portrait of the boy Chelishchev, Golitsin A.M. 1809.
In 1816, Kiprensky went to Italy, where his portraits were very liked by the Italian public and for the Uffizi Gallery in Florence he received an order for a Self portrait, awarded at that time such attention as a great painter.
Portrait of Denis Davydov, 1819 A girl with a wreath of poppies, the most successful 1827 portrait of A. S. Pushkin, etc.
In 1812, Kiprensky was awarded the title of academician, During the Patriotic War he drew many graphic portraits of war veterans in 1813, E. I. Chaplitsa, A. R. Tomilov.
Some of the artist's plans remained unfulfilled.
Orest Kiprensky is an outstanding master of portrait art, who has received special fame among Russian artists.
Sylvester Shchedrin (1791-1830) is a master of Russian landscape romanticism and lyrical understanding of nature.
Completely surrendering to the romance of the landscape and the natural environment of perception, Shchedrin, as it were, makes up for the fallen interest of artists of that time in the landscape with his paintings.
Shchedrin has known the dawn of his creativity and recognition.
After graduating from the Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, in 1818 he came to Italy and lived for more than 10 years, in Rome, Naples, Amalfi and in Sorento, where he spent his last months of life.
Shchedrin depicted views of Sorento in more than forty of his paintings.
Among them, a picture of the Sorrento neighborhood is noticeable.
In the evening, when he met on the streets of the city, the Sorentians greeted him affectionately with Don Silvestro.
He worked a lot from nature, earned incredible popularity at that time among Italians who wanted to buy his paintings, sometimes he had to write many copies of his most successful works, which quickly sold out.
His famous works are the New Rome "Castel sant'Angelo", the Mergellina Embankment in Naples, the Great Harbor on the Island of Capri, etc.
Having lived a short but creative life, Shchedrin was never able to return to Russia.
The magnificent Italian landscapes reflected all the unique beauty of the nature of this region, which was presented to many Russian artists as a paradise - the promised land.
Vasily Andreevich Tropinin (1776-1857) The son of a serf peasant, his talent as an artist was noticed by his master A. Markov, who identified him in 1985 as a pupil of the Academy of Arts.
in 1824, for the paintings of a Lace Maker, his Portrait of Pushkin A. S., engraver E. O. Skotnikov, an Old Beggar, was awarded the title of academician.
He works a lot from nature developing his skills In the traditions of Borovikovsky's Russian sentimentalism, Tropinin fruitfully continued the legacy of the 18th century, this is especially noticeable in his early works, 1818 Portrait of the artist's son A.V. Tropinin, characterized by a light color.
In 1826, the paintings of the Spinner, the Gold Seamstress, these works particularly attracted the attention of contemporaries.
In 1846, Tropinin was awarded the honorary title of a member of the Moscow Art Society.
Self portrait against the background of a window with a view of the Kremlin, in the portrait the artist tries to convey himself as an artist, a creator.
Tropinin developed his own independent figurative style of portrait, which characterizes a specific Moscow genre of painting.
At that time, Tropinin became the central figure of the Moscow beau monde, his work was especially reflected in the 20s and 30s, which brought him fame.
His softly written portraits are distinguished by high pictorial merits and simplicity of perception, human images are perceived with characteristic truthfulness and calmness without much inner excitement.
Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov (1780-1847) was born in Moscow in 1780 in a poor merchant family.
The founder of the peasant household genre in Russian painting, After presenting the portrait of K. I. Golovachevsky and a Self portrait, was awarded the title of academician in 1811.
His best works were created in the 20s.
Venetsianov is a master of pastel, pencil and oil portraits, cartoons.
According to the style of his works, he is a student of Borovikovsky.
In his paintings there are the most ordinary and simple scenes from village life: peasants in everyday and hard work, simple serf girls, at the harvest or men in the hay field or plowing.
His famous portrait is a Reaper, a picture > Reapers, A Girl in a headscarf, Spring on the arable land, a Peasant woman with cornflowers, Zaharka and others.
The artist loved ordinary people, finding a certain lyricism in this, this was reflected in his paintings showing the difficult peasant life.
It is especially possible to emphasize about the picture of the Threshing Floor, which attracted the attention of Emperor Alexander 1, he was touched by the vivid images of peasants, truthfully conveyed by the artist.
The painting was bought by the emperor for 3000 rubles.
The importance of Venetsianov's work in the visual arts is especially great, one of the first to establish a folk, peasant household genre.
Karl Pavlovich Bryullov (1799-1852) is a master of historical painting, his painting The Last Day of Pompeii made a stunning impression on his contemporaries.
The picture is composed of contrasts of light and shadow, Bryullov in this work showed all the drama of the dying ancient Pompeii, in the turmoil the doomed inhabitants are fleeing from the fury of the erupting volcano Vesuvius.
Even A. S. Pushkin, impressed by what he saw, described this picture in his works.
Under the influence of traditional academic classicism, Karl Bryullov endowed his paintings with historical authenticity, romantic spirit and psychological truth.
Bryullov was a great master of the ceremonial portrait in which he vividly accentuated the characteristic features of a person, he masterfully paints secular paintings, for example, the Horsewoman and portraits using in bright coloristic moments in the composition of the picture, Countess Yu.
P. Samoylova.
In other portraits, he uses a more restrained color, a portrait of the outstanding Russian sculptor I. P. Vitali, the Poet N. V. Kukolnik, the writer A. N. Strugovshchikov.
In ceremonial portraits, he surpassed many artists of his time.
Alexander Andreevich Ivanov (1806-1858) is a great master of the historical genre.
Having first received his lessons from the father of the painter A. I. Ivanov, he subsequently entered the St. Petersburg Academy, after graduation he left to study in Italy, where he lived until the end of his days.
At the initial stage, these are the paintings Apollo, Hyacinth and Cypress 1831-1833, the Appearance of Christ to Mary Magdalene after the Resurrection in 1835.
During his short life, Ivanov created many paintings, for each picture he writes many sketches of landscapes, portraits.
For about two decades, Ivanov has been working on his main painting The Appearance of Christ to the people, emphasizing his passionate desire to depict the coming of Jesus Christ to earth.
Returning to his homeland in 1858, Ivanov presented a picture of the Appearance of Christ to the people and numerous sketches in the Winter Palace.
The painting did not make a special impression on the visitors of the Winter Palace exhibition, and also did not cause positive emotions in the Academy of Arts.
After several difficult weeks, the artist died.
Ivanov is an extraordinary man of intelligence, always sought to show in his works the element of popular movements in Russian history and deeply believed in the great future of Mother Russia.
Ahead of his time in the search for Russian realistic painting, the work of the great artist left an indelible mark of his skill for posterity.
Pavel Andreevich Fedotov (1815-1852) is a master of the satirical direction in painting, which marked the beginning of critical realism in the everyday genre.
Fedotov, like no other, showed in his works the dark sides of Russian reality, ridiculing human vices and shortcomings in a Gogol like way.
With his paintings, Fedotov was one of the first to destroy the academic way of life, opening a new direction in the art of Russia.
However, with all this, Fedotov was not sufficiently understood in the society of that time and in the Russian fine art of the 19th century, he was not fully appreciated by his contemporaries.
His first most genre work is considered to be the painting The Consequence of the death of Fidelka in 1844.
Subsequently, he painted many paintings critically reflecting the circumstances of the way of life at that time: A fresh cavalier in 1847 and a Picky Bride in 1847, the Matchmaking of a major in 1848, and his later works Widow and Anchor are also noticeable, even Anchor.
1851-1852, The artist began with similar student sketches in 1837, such as A Walk.
Fedotov is a lonely and tragic figure who lived a short, not easy life without knowing material well being and joy.
Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) is a great Russian artist, a master of portrait painting in this direction Kramskoy paid a special predilection in his work.
He is one of the founders of the independent organization of artists of the Peredvizhniki.
those who refused the so called classical academism imposed by the Academy of Arts and decided to create paintings on a free topic.
Russian Russian fine art has been inspired by the movement of the Peredvizhniki with new reformatory trends of painting with shades of the true life of the Russian people.
One of the most famous paintings of Kramskoy : Christ in the desert.
His works are very popular: portrait of Leo Tolstoy, A Lady on a moonlit night, Inconsolable grief, a Woodcutter, a Contemplator, and also very much stands out for its mystery, a beautiful painting by Kramskoy Portrait of an Unknown.
The artist Kramskoy campaigned in favor of the free artistic development of young artists, hoping for a transformative process in the academy, regarding his views, which left its mark on his anti academic activities.
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky 1817-1900 is a wonderful marine painter, a master of romantic seascape.
Aivazovsky was born on July 29, 1817 in the city of Feodosia in the family of a poor Armenian merchant.
The talent to draw was noticed by the then governor of Tavrida, A. I. Kaznacheyev, who took care of enrolling the young talent in 1831 in the Tauride Gymnasium, after two years of studying at the gymnasium, he entered the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, where his work was appreciated by the artist K. P. Bryullov, the writer A. S. Pushkin spoke very flatteringly about the artist.
The marine artist got his first success with Aivazovsky's first painting, A Study of Air over the Sea.
After graduating from the academy with a large gold medal, he received the right to travel to his native Crimea, where he works fruitfully, writes sketches of Feodosia, Yalta, Sevastopol, Gurzuf.
To continue improving his work, Aivazovsky, together with other artists of the academy, went to Rome in Italy in 1840, visited Venice, Florence, Naples.
He gets acquainted with the world of European art in various museums in Europe and works fruitfully.
After some time, Aivazovsky becomes a very famous marine artist in Europe.
He was awarded the title of academician of the Rome, Amsterdam and Paris Academy of Arts.
Having returned to his homeland in 1844 as a recognized master at the age of 27, he was also awarded the title of academician in Russia.
Ivan Aivazovsky created many paintings, reflecting in them the soft tones of the coast, ships rocking on the sea waves, various effects of sea water and foam, majestic images of a raging sea in a storm with shipwrecks, for example, the famous painting The Ninth Wave, saturated with romanticism.
His other paintings are: The Black Sea, Among the waves, The Neapolitan Night, Night.
Blue wave, Sea.
Koktebel Bay, Moonlit night.
The bathhouse in Feodosia and the Battle of Chesma, A Storm at sea at night, a very popular picture of the Ninth Wave, Rainbow, Calm, etc.
His paintings were highly appreciated by many artists, including I. E. Repin, G. I. Semiradsky, I. I. Shishkin, the famous patron of art.
M. Tretyakov, who bought his famous canvases.
Aivazovsky's paintings are still very popular to this day, and they delight with their touching romanticism of the sea.
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