Home Page > Articles > Comic Book History: the birth of Superheroes Comic Book History: the birth of superheroes
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More than one generation of teenagers grew up on graphic novels about Superman, Batman, the Hulk, Iron Man.
Comics have been and remain the subject of a cult, although it is not an easy task to explain why superheroes so excite the minds of young and adults.
The history of comics, no matter how surprising it sounds, has very ancient roots that go back to the times when people lived in caves and hunted mammoths.
It was then that the first examples of rock art appeared, in which, along with scenes from real life, the first superheroes appeared, embodied in the images of ancient gods.
Rock paintings of Hopi Indians in Arizona, USA
The chronology of the development of such a genre as comics is very long and lengthy, replete with numerous dates, therefore, listing the main milestones in the development of comics, we will limit ourselves to traveling through the XIX and XX centuries, since it was during this period that a qualitative leap in the development of the genre took place and the heroes known to us appeared.
The history of comics goes back to primitive times Speaking about comics, we should start with the personality of Rodolphe Tepfer, a French speaking Swiss artist who became a key figure in the history of the development of modern comics.
At the beginning of the XIX century, he began to consistently illustrate stories by placing text under images.
These comics of his were reprinted throughout Europe and the USA.
Due to the lack of copyright laws, pirated issues of "hand drawn stories" began to be translated and published everywhere around the world.
In 1843, satirical drawings that regularly appeared in newspapers and magazines received their name — cartoons.
A key figure in the history of the development of comics was Rodolphe Toepfer.
The invention of photogravure in 1873 made newspapers relatively inexpensive and allowed them to be produced with a large number of illustrations.
This change in technology was the impetus for the development of comics and their mass production.
The art of comics has received a special development in America.
In 1893, Joseph Pulitzer published his first full page color comic in The New York World, and in the same year other newspapers began printing color comics.
"The Yellow Kid" ("Yellow kid"), 1898
As a tool of popular culture, involving the use of both artistic and literary skills, the comic successfully reflected the social problems of its time.
By the beginning of the XX century, regular strips appeared in the newspapers of the main cities of the United States.
The 1920s and 1930s were a period of active development of the comics industry around the world: in 1929, comics were published, the main character of which was the sailor Popeye.
A special feature of this character was the increase in strength after eating spinach.
On June 1, 1938, comics were released, the main character of which was Superman, and in 1939, Batman and the first Human torch appeared on the pages of comics.
In the second half of the XX century, the comic book is a popular collectible During the second half of the XX century, the comic book became a very popular collectible, and American comics of the 1970s became the basis for creating comic book collections.
The cover of the comic book "Plastic Man", 1943
During this period, comic book heroes appear: 1961 the first issue of the Fantastic Four is published comics about a team of superheroes with various supernatural abilities; 1962 — the time of the birth of Spider Man and the Hulk; 1963 comics about Iron Man, Doctor Strange and the X Men were published; 1966 the appearance of the Black Panther; 1970 — a series of comics about Conan the Barbarian; 1977 the appearance of the comics "Star Wars"; 1984 — the" birth " of the Ninja Turtles.
The founder of the comic book genre in Russia is lubok.
Despite the fact that comics are considered typical representatives of" Western " culture, they have a rather long history in our country.
The first domestic comics, with a slight stretch, can be attributed to the popular books, which were distributed at the beginning of the XVII century.
Such a book was a small scroll, which depicted pictures describing the most relevant event of socio political life at the moment.
That is why the name of such books sounded like "funny sheets".
"The strong and brave hero Ilya Muromets".
Splint of 1868
The next stage in the development of Russian comics is associated with the name of Vladimir Dal.
His work "The Adventures of Christian Christianovich Violdamur and his Arshet" in many ways resembled modern comics, since the plot, or rather the narrative, was based on a story in pictures.
Such a peculiar form of presentation of the material was not appreciated by Dahl's contemporaries, so the "stories in pictures" did not receive further development.
In August 1914, the association "Today's Lubok" appeared in Moscow, the participants of which were such representatives of the national cultural elite as Kazimir Malevich, Aristarkh Lentulov, David Burlyuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky.
The society produced propaganda leaflets on military topics, which contained both pictures and text information.
In the USSR, the comic was not widely distributed.
In Soviet Russia, the comic did not receive wide distribution: the domestic ideological services in every possible way prevented the appearance in our country of any elements of "Western" culture, including comics.
However, this did not prevent us from creating our own alternative to comics, which was manifested in the publication of the collections "History in Pictures", the illustrated story "The Adventures of Makar the Ferocious" by Boris Antonovsky, published on the pages of the Leningrad magazine "Hedgehog", Bronislav Malakhovsky's comics "Smart Masha".
"The story about bagels and about a woman who does not recognize the republic" — a poster from the cycle "Windows of GROWTH".
August 1920.
The artist is Mikhail Cheremnykh.
The author of the text is Vladimir Mayakovsky
The spread of comic printing led to the fact that in the 1930s the authorities officially banned it, calling comics "a bourgeois American way of fooling young people."
The children's magazine "Murzilka" continued to be the only source of new stories and illustrations for a long time.
Only in 1956, the Central Committee of the Komsomol began to publish a new magazine "Funny Pictures", which actively began to use the genre of comics as the main content.
Later in the USSR and Russia there were comics about October that became famous all over the world, a series of comics "The Hare Pc and his imaginary friends: Sch, F, a hot water bottle and a pork chop with peas" and a collection of comics "Cat".
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