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Theme: Dance is the personification of the soul of the people
Type of work: Abstract
Subject: Cultural studies All essays on cultural studies Download Read the text online We will help you write an abstract
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Introduction
Dance is the most ancient and rich art form: very interesting, multifaceted, bright, carrying a huge emotional charge Folk dance is the ancestor of all dance styles that have been formed for many centuries on its basis, it is both classical, historical and everyday, pop, and modern dance Fashion and the passage of time could not affect it, and even more so make it disappear from the face of the Earth altogether, because it carries the history of the people who created it.
Each generation keeps the memory of its ancestors sacred and protects everything that reflects their life.
In this regard, folk dance has become an invaluable treasure, showing everyday life, basic occupations, traditions, events taking place in people's lives.
Studying folk dance, we travel around the planet.
Thanks to this kind of art, you can visit any corner of the world, get acquainted with the history of this region, learn the national characteristics of this territory, and for this it is not necessary to swim across the ocean to overcome huge distances
Many people have devoted their lives to the study of folk dance.
Many books have been written about their discoveries.
1. The concept of folk dance
Dance is a bright, colorful creation of the people, which is an emotional, artistic, specific reflection of their centuries old, diverse life.
He embodied the creative imagination of people, the depth of their feelings.
Folk dance always has a clear theme and idea - it is always meaningful.
There is a dramatic basis and a plot in it, there are also generalized and specific artistic images created thanks to various plastic movements, spatial drawings (constructions)
The dance image is perceived both directly and through associations.
The truthfulness, concreteness and artistry of dance images is determined by their content and dance vocabulary, organic connection with the melody, its character, rhythm and tempo.
Dance in a specific artistic form expresses and reveals the spiritual life of the people, their way of life, aesthetic tastes and ideals.
In the course of the development of society, folk dance has acquired a greater independent significance, has become one of the forms of aesthetic education, the people have created dances with a variety of content that are amazing in beauty and drawing.
It has its own original, clear, historically formed features, its deep national roots and rich centuries old performing traditions.
This is an independent, original, highly artistic kind of creativity of the people.
In ancient times, the dance had a religious and magical meaning and was performed for a specific purpose on holidays.
Over time, it lost its religious features and turned into a household dance that expresses the feelings and mood of the performer.
The obligation to perform the dance at certain times of the year was also violated.
The dance forms of folk choreography were honed by time and acquired completeness and artistic value.
It is indisputable that more than one generation of the Russian people has invested their imagination and talent in the creation and development of folk dances.
Having its own figurative system, folk dance, in accordance with its laws, reflects real life phenomena in a conditional, choreographic form.
Thus, it manifests the ethics, morals, norms of relationships and behavior of people accepted by society.
The changes taking place in the economic, social, and political ways of life, the level of the general culture of society are reflected in the artistic creativity of the people, and, consequently, in folk choreography.
Thus, folk dance as one of the types of choreographic art acts as a specific form of reflection of reality.
Each historical epoch, each social group influenced the logic of dance construction, reflected on its stylistic features, created their own specific musical and choreographic forms.
The sphere of modern folk dance is everyday life situations (festivities, holidays), where its main goal is to promote communication between people.
However, the social role of folk dance is much broader.
It is determined by the diverse aesthetic and ethical tasks with which folk dance art has been associated for several centuries.
Passing on the traditions of everyday dances from generation to generation, the people have imprinted in them the norms of people's behavior when communicating, traditional festive canons and a living code of morality.
Changes in the way of life and norms of behavior led to changes in the nature and manner of performing the same dances, to the appearance of new forms of them.
At the same time, the folk household form of dance and dances performed in high society salons came into contact with each other.
There was a constant interchange between them: not only folk dances penetrated to the balls and holidays of the aristocracy, but also many of the folk dances, modified in the salon, returned to the people again.
However, at the same time, both folk and salon household choreography have always maintained their own principles and traditions.
Since folk choreography is an integral part of modern culture, there are also processes that reflect this struggle.
In our time of developed mass media, when it is possible to widely and quickly introduce certain new dances or musical rhythms into everyday life, folk dance often spreads not according to the laws of logic, but due to the influence of the elements of fashion.
The dance reflects objective reality: the unconditionality of the real life content is expressed in it in a conditional form.
The main expressive means here is the plastic of the human body, generalized to a symbol.
Dance movements are organized in time and space based on music.
Folk dance not only tells about real phenomena, events or about specific objects, but also as a choreographic art in general, it is primarily an art that reflects, first of all, the inner world of a person, his emotional state, moods, feelings, thoughts.
In terms of content and form, folk dance can express universal feelings and at the same time be deeply national.
The national character of the dance is manifested in a number of features: choreographic and musical structure, performing style, colorful details.
In everyday dance, all the most typical things are preserved from the folk, national primary basis, its most characteristic features are concentrated.
At the same time, the movements of the dance, its plastic become more generalized, as if they are enlarged.
At the same time, the technique of performing movements is greatly simplified, the composition of steps and figures becomes complete.
The process of dance development, especially in the second half of the XIX century, was greatly influenced by the activities of professional choreographers and arranger teachers.
They transformed national dances, simplified them, adapted them for the widest, mass performance.
The dance forms of everyday folk choreography were born in the bowels of the people themselves, and are the fruit of collective creativity.
The collectivity of folk dance is manifested both in the process of its creation and in the process of performance, since only a collective, a certain social group of society makes possible the long term existence of a particular dance.
And the fate of the dance depends on whether the people will accept it or not.
This pattern underlies the origin, development and spread of folk dance.
In order for the dance to live, it is necessary that the widest circles of performers know it - this is the condition of its existence.
There are rich traditions in writing dance music.
Many folk dances are reflected in the works of leading composers and even classical composers.
This gave dance music an artistic value.
For centuries, dance melodies have been cultivated by a number of generations of musicians.
Music is the soul of dance.
It is one of its expressive means, reflects the temperament, sense of rhythm, national traits and features of its creator (people).
Folk music is full of energy, inner strength, courage and enthusiasm, in slow dances it is distinguished by expressiveness and melodiousness.
For a long time in folk life, dances were associated with songs and were performed under them.
But gradually, dances began to appear, performed only to music.
Folk choreography is also of great importance for physical development.
Systematic folk dance classes proportionately develop the figure, contribute to the elimination of a number of physical shortcomings, develop a correct and beautiful posture, give a person's appearance, composure, elegance.
Dance teaches logical, purposefully organized, and therefore graceful movement.
Folk dance also has a great influence on the formation of a person's internal culture.
Folk dance classes are organically connected with the assimilation of the norms of folk ethics, it is unthinkable without the development of a high culture of communication between people.
Self control, impeccable politeness, a sense of proportion, simplicity, modesty, attention to others, their mood, benevolence, friendliness - these are the traits that are brought up in the process of dancing classes and become integral in everyday life.
So dance classes help to educate a person's character.
Since the dance process takes place in a team and is of a collective nature, dance classes develop a sense of responsibility to friends, the ability to consider their interests.
Folk dance is one of the means of aesthetic education and education of the creative principle in a person.
Like any art, folk dance is able to bring deep aesthetic satisfaction.
A person who dances well experiences unique sensations from the freedom and lightness of his movements, from the ability to control his body, he is pleased with the accuracy, beauty, plasticity with which he performs complex dance steps, etc.
All this in itself already serves as a source of aesthetic satisfaction In the dance art, the beauty and perfection of the form are inextricably linked with the beauty of the inner content of the dance.
This unity contains the power of its educational impact.
The performance of dance, including folk dance, carries elements of artistic creativity.
The dancer strives to express his mood, emotions in a beautiful, aesthetically perfect form of dance, shows his inner qualities, expresses his worldview.
The process of teaching dance itself is also active, creative, and awakening the artistic principle in a person.
Mastering the dance vocabulary, a person does not just passively perceive the beautiful, he overcomes certain difficulties, does some considerable work to make this beauty available to him.
Having known beauty in the process of creativity, a person feels more deeply the beautiful in all its manifestations, both in art and in life.
His artistic taste becomes more subtle, his aesthetic assessments of the phenomena of life and art become more mature.
Folk dance is an effective means of organizing leisure activities for young people, a cultural form of recreation.
Dance art, giving an outlet to the energy of youth, fills it with cheerfulness, satisfies a person's need for a holiday, a spectacle and a game.
Thus, folk choreography acts as a means for the development of creative abilities, internal culture of a person, mass communication of people, gives an opportunity to spend time meaningfully, get acquainted, make friends, i.e. it has an incomparable social significance.
2. Folk dance as a kind of choreographic art
Dance has existed and still exists in the cultural traditions of all human beings and societies.
Over the long history of mankind, it has changed, reflecting cultural development.
There are a huge variety of types, styles and forms of dance.
In addition, the dance is democratic.
He invites the body to talk, gives him the opportunity to speak out.
Dance helps to expand the creative and personal potential, get rid of various complexes, disappear the fear of public speaking, teaches you to relax.
Dance steps (French pas - "step") are derived from the main forms of human movements walking, running, jumping, bouncing, jumping, sliding, turning and swinging.
Combinations of such movements gradually turned into steps of traditional dances.
The main characteristics of the dance are:
* rhythm - relatively fast or relatively slow repetition and variation of the main movements;
* drawing - a combination of movements in the composition; dynamics variation of the scope and intensity of movements;
* technique - the degree of body control and skill in performing basic steps and positions.
In many dances, gestures, especially hand movements, are also of great importance.
Currently, choreographic art covers both traditional folk and professional stage.
Dance art is present in one degree or another, in a form in the culture of each ethnic group, ethnic group.
And this phenomenon cannot be an accident, it has an objective character, because traditional folk choreography occupies a primary place in the social life of society both at the early stages of human development, and now, when it performs one of the functions of culture, is one of the peculiar institutions of socialization of people and, first of all, children, adolescents and youth, and also performs a number of other functions inherent in culture as a whole.
A characteristic feature of our folk choreographic art is its deep connection with folk traditions.
Folk dance art is not something that is unchangeable.
Transmitted from generation to generation, it is constantly changing, enriched with new elements, carries a new content, reflects a specific period in people's lives.
Dances have been crystallizing in the public consciousness for years, and many of them, while preserving the best progressive traditions, still bring aesthetic pleasure to our fellow tribesman.
The study of folk dance creativity should begin with understanding what is deeply characteristic of the people, in which they most significantly embody their way of life, their feelings, way of thinking, attitude to work, to nature, etc.
Folk dance, which has come down to us, still excites us today with its beauty, makes us proud of the talent of its nameless creators, who created a great art imbued with optimism.
Colorful and cheerful, closely connected with folk art in general, free from rigid norms and canons, it is a remarkable achievement of culture, the subject of close study by modern researchers.
Folk dance has its own characteristic features associated with the stages of development of national culture, as well as with the peculiarities of the culture of the region where it was formed and developed.
Folk dance has passed a difficult path of creative development: each historical epoch found its reflection in plastic, in the embodiment of the plots and ideological and artistic ideas of its creators and performers.
The main" supplier " of samples of folk dances has always been the village.
The whole way of life with its unhurried flow, the rhythm of work and everyday life, the established cycle of days, months, seasons determined the relative stability of psychology, artistic taste, the nature of folk art works.
For all the apparent simplicity of folk dance, it is not only the experience of the past that takes place in it.
Subsequent generations of the people bring meaning, understanding, artistic tastes and ideals that are in tune with their era, thereby expressing the social and artistic needs of their time.
This makes every work of folk art a model in which the best features of folk life are crystallized.
What are the main features of folk dance?
Let's name, first of all, the main thing - the content of the dance in the broadest sense of the word.
Another essential feature of folk dance is its realism, reflecting the unity of form and content.
People always find the appropriate form of expression of the idea that they decided to embody in dance.
The people in the dance do everything meaningfully and connect everything with life.
A striking feature of folk dance is expressiveness.
A person always dances with his soul, coloring every gesture, movement with his mood, inner state and attitude.
The dancer is always filled, figuratively, emotionally, vividly he reveals the features of his own nature and the idea that he wants to convey.
Thus, reflecting life in dance, the people make broad generalizations, create typical collective images and present them in an opoetized artistic form.
He feels the specifics of dance art, understands that it is impossible to convey a special case in dance by ordinary means, to show a separate everyday fact: dance will immediately disappear as a work of art and turn into a naturalistic imitation of life.
3. The origins of the development of folk choreographic art
Folk dance is one of their most ancient arts.
It arose because of a person's need to express his emotional state with the help of the body.
The dance reflects the daily life of a person, his working days.
Joyful and sad impressions were also expressed through movements to a certain rhythm, and later to music The origins of dance art are laid in ancient times, and the evidence of this is rock paintings depicting dancing figures, created presumably in the Neolithic period.
There is still no consensus about the primacy of the birth of dance, song or music, one thing is indisputable - the appearance of dance is associated with the awareness of rhythm as an accompaniment to a certain sequence of body movements.
These rhythmic movements could carry different contents, which later led to the creation of many theories about the origin of dance (its predecessors were called the game, magical or religious rituals, erotic instincts, etc.).
Any of the theories has the right to exist, and also cannot be considered the only true one.
Their careful study confirms the conclusion that at all times dance has been important in the social life of a person, in his harmonious, aesthetic and physical development.
Already at the first stage of its existence, the dance tried to reflect reality in a social form, to select its most typical features, to give them a certain image.
The first music for the dancers was the sounds of drums, the noise of ringing bracelets and amulets, the first makeup was a face coloring that imitates blood, and the first experience of acting expressiveness was imitation of various animals The first dances of antiquity were far from what is called by this word today.
They had a completely different meaning.
With various movements and gestures, a person conveyed his impressions of the surrounding world, putting his mood, his state of mind into them.
Shouts, singing, pantomime play were interconnected with dance.
The dance itself has always, at all times, been closely connected with the life and everyday life of people.
Therefore, each dance corresponds to the character, the spirit of the people from whom it originated.
With the change of the social system, the conditions of life, the nature and theme of art changed, and dance also changed.
His roots were deeply rooted in folk art.
Dancing was very common among the peoples of the ancient world.
The dancers tried to ensure that every movement, gesture, facial expression expressed some thought, action, act.
Expressive dances were of great importance both in everyday life and in public life.
Very often, the festivities began and were accompanied by dances.
For a person of primitive society, dance is a way of thinking and living.
In the dances depicting animals, hunting techniques are practiced; the dance expresses prayers for fertility, for rain and for other urgent needs of the tribe.
Love, work and ritual are embodied in dance movements.
Public dances were accompanied by family and personal celebrations, city and national holidays.
There were different dances at home, urban, and rural.
They were diverse in subject matter and compositional drawing, according to the composition of the performers.
It was social dances that had a great influence on the emergence of stage dance.
Over time, the choreography has changed, each ethnic group has its own characteristics.
In ancient Egypt, the dance art was mainly of a ceremonial nature.
In antiquity, paramilitary dances were added to the ritual dances, designed to raise the spirit of the soldiers before the battle.
In ancient Greece, with the development of theatrical art, stage dance also appeared.
Thus, in the ancient period, folk dances can be divided into stage, military, sacred (religious, ceremonial) and social.
In the Middle Ages, there was a division into court and village dance.
This division does not yet have clear boundaries, and often the same movements were present in both palace and folk dances.
In the 17th and 19th centuries, the development of ballroom dance and ballet took place.
But the origins of court and stage choreography still lie in folk dance.
Now there are many dance styles and types, but they are all united by the unity of music, rhythm and movements.
The most ancient type of folk dance that exists in almost all ethnographic groups is the round dance.
His movements are simple and consist in walking in a circle with musical accompaniment or singing.
The shape of the circle may have symbolized the sun.
The round dance existed and still exists among all Slavic peoples.
In Lithuania it is called korogod, in Moldova hora, in Bulgaria, Romania horo, among Croats, Bohemians, Dalmatians kolo.
One of the most ancient dance traditions is the tradition of the African continent.
The peculiarity of the Negro dance is in the predominant meaning of rhythm over music.
African culture has provided the material for the development of many Latin American dances: mambo, merengue, samba, cha cha cha, lambada and many others.
Even modern dance styles - jazz dance, popping, rock and roll, hip hop, break dance, RnB and others are based on the folklore art of the black population of the globe.
Folk dance has also created the basis for ballroom dance.
So, the well known and beloved waltz came from the ancient folk dance volta, mazurka, which became the queen of the ball in the 18th and 19th centuries - from the Polish folk dances Mazur, kuyavyak and oberek.
Some folk dances are the hallmark of one country, like tarantella for Italy, "Kalinka", "Lady" for Russia, kazachok, hopak for Ukraine, krakovyak for Poland, chardash for Hungary.
And others have spread all over the world, including national features of different regions, such as polka and gypsy dances.
There are countless styles and types of folk dances, but they all have one thing in common - they reflect the chronicle of the history of the people, their soul and character.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to note that people need folk dance, and this is the reason for its millennial existence.
The dance reflects the life of people: their work, thoughts, moods, feelings, skills and knowledge.
People need folk dance as an art form that creates beauty by very peculiar expressive means: plastic and musical, dynamic and rhythmic, visible and audible.
With these means, he serves a person in life, helping in work and holidays, in sorrow and joy.
Musically plastic images of dance are always emotional, infectious, fascinating.
All this together determines the special poetics of dance, its connection with nature and the folk musical and poetic warehouse of any national art.
Folk dance art occupies a large place in the modern choreographic process.
About 80% of all stage works of art, one way or another related to the art of dance, are composed and staged in the country on the material of Russian folk dance creativity.
Folk dances form the basis of the repertoire of many professional art groups, occupy a leading position in the work of amateur ensembles and participants of amateur choreographic activities.
Being a wonderful means of figurative characterization, folk dances are included in the extensive repertoire of opera and ballet and musical drama theaters.
So, a dance is not just a set of movements connected to each other.
Dance is a big concept that includes a variety of movements, a certain composition, a suitable melody, a costume, and an idea.
Without these components, the dance loses its meaning, ceases to be interesting for the viewer.
Conclusions:
The origins of folk dances lie in ancient times, when the dance was an imitation of the real actions of an ancient person, and ritual dances developed on the basis of ancient beliefs and were a fusion of anemism, magic and ancient art.
The main characteristic features of folk choreography are the connection with folk traditions, expressiveness, content and realism.
Folk choreography acts as a means of mass communication of people, gives an opportunity to spend time meaningfully, get acquainted, make friends.
Literature
dance folk art choreographic
1.
Goleizovsky K. Ya.
Images of Russian folk choreography.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1964.
2. Uralskaya V. I.
The nature of dance.
- M.: "Soviet Russia", 1981.
.Uralskaya V. I.
The Birth of dance.
- M.: "Soviet Russia", 1982.
.Tkachenko T. Folk dance.
- Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1967.
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