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The main task is to find and solve a physics paper on the topic "the water cycle in nature"
report on physics on the topic "the water cycle in nature"
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Help me find a report on physics on the topic " the water cycle in nature"
The water cycle in nature The source of water movement on Earth is the energy of the Sun.
The sun's rays fall on the Earth's surface, transfer their energy to water and heat it, turning it into steam.
On average, 1 kilogram of water evaporates from 1 square meter of the water surface every hour!
Theoretically, in 1000 years, almost all the water of the world's oceans can be in the form of steam.
The natural steam engine of the planet creates huge volumes of atmospheric water, carries them over considerable distances and pours them on the Earth in the form of atmospheric precipitation.
Atmospheric precipitation falls into rivers that carry their waters to the World Ocean.
This is how the water cycle in nature is carried out.
The small cycle is associated with the precipitation of atmospheric water in the form of precipitation into the World Ocean, the Large cycle – in the form of precipitation on land.
Every year, about 100 thousand cubic kilometers of water fall on land.
These waters replenish rivers and lakes, penetrate into rocks.
Some of these waters return to the seas and oceans, some evaporate, and some are used by plants and living organisms for nutrition and growth, i.e. to deliver nutrients from the soil to the cells, as well as to regulate their temperature.
At the same time, a huge amount of water evaporates into the atmosphere.
Most of the water is concentrated in the oceans.
The water evaporating from its surface gives life giving moisture to natural and artificial ecosystems of the land, the closer the area is to the ocean, the more precipitation falls.
The land constantly returns water to the ocean, some of the water evaporates, especially by forests, some is collected by rivers, which receive rain and snow water after their melting.
The exchange of moisture between the ocean and land requires a very large amount of energy: it takes up to 1/3 of what the Earth receives from the Sun.
The water cycle in the biosphere before the development of civilization was in equilibrium, the ocean received from the rivers as much water as it consumed during its evaporation.
If the climate did not change, the rivers would not be shallow, and the water level in the lakes would not decrease.
Alas!
With the development of civilization, this cycle began to be disrupted, as a result of irrigation of agricultural crops, evaporation from the land increased.
The rivers of the southern regions have become shallow (for example, in the last 30 years, the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers carried so little water to the Aral Sea that it has already disappeared by half).
Pollution of the world's oceans and the appearance of an oil film on its surface has reduced the amount of water evaporated by the ocean.
All this significantly worsens the water supply of the biosphere.
And not only in the southern regions!
Droughts are becoming more frequent, and hotbeds of environmental disasters are emerging.
For example, the hot summer months that have come literally 3-4 years in the previously mild climate of Western Europe, which lead to numerous forest fires.
The hydrological cycle (which is the scientific name of the water cycle in nature) is the continuous movement of water from the hydrosphere and from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back.
The movement is provided by four processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation and water runoff.
The precipitation partially evaporates and condenses again, partially replenishes reservoirs (or creates new ones), and partially goes underground, forming groundwater.
There is a Large water cycle in nature and two more small ones – oceanic and continental.
The large water cycle in nature is otherwise called the World cycle.
Precipitation is collected over the ocean, the winds carry it to the continents, where it falls out and returns to the ocean with the runoff.
This is how nature turns salt water into fresh water.
The small oceanic cycle occurs over the ocean – it consists in the continuous evaporation of water, condensation, the formation of precipitation and their precipitation back into the ocean.
The continental water cycle occurs in the same way, only above the land surface.
By the way, the ocean loses more water during the cycle than it receives with precipitation.
And on land, the situation is reversed – much more water falls out than evaporates.
All the water that has ever fallen on land in the form of precipitation will sooner or later return to the ocean.
As you know, our Land is three quarters covered with water.
And most of this water is salty.
There are three aggregate states in which water can be: liquid, solid and gaseous.
The speed of its movement, and, consequently, the time after which the water cycle takes place in nature, depends on which state the water is in.
The steam is quickly transported by the wind, condenses and falls out as precipitation.
The water, in order to make this path, must first evaporate.
And the ice can also melt.
Therefore, the water cycle in nature in different places occurs at different speeds.
The fastest water is renewed inside living organisms.
To restore the supply of clean water inside yourself, a person will need only a few hours.
The liver and kidneys quickly cope with this task.
Therefore, we can say that the fastest water cycle in nature occurs inside its walking, flying and floating components.
But the glaciers of the polar countries are completely updated only once in 9700 years.
The water contained in the soil is purified every year, and that in the clouds once every eight days.
The mountain glacier will completely update its composition in 1600 years.
The entire world ocean can be completely cleaned up in 2700 years.
This is a very long time.
Therefore, it should be understood that the more we pollute the water with industrial effluents, the sooner we risk facing a total shortage of clean fresh water.
The water cycle in nature itself cannot cope with the rate of pollution of the planet.
The value of the water cycle is great, since it not only unites parts of the hydrosphere, but also connects all the shells of the Earth: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere.
Water during the cycle can be in three states: liquid, solid, and gaseous.
It carries a huge amount of substances necessary for life on Earth.
Under the influence of sunlight, the world's oceans and land are heated.
As a result, water passes from a liquid state to a gaseous state (steam) and rises upwards.
The ocean supplies 86% of moisture to the atmosphere, and only 14% of the vaporous moisture is formed due to evaporation from the land.
The water evaporating from the surface of the ocean is fresh.
Thus, the ocean can be considered a colossal factory of fresh water, without which it is impossible to exist life on Earth.
It is known that the temperature in the atmosphere decreases with altitude.
Water vapors, meeting with increasingly cold layers of air, begin to cool down and form clouds.
On land, water evaporation occurs not only from the surface of streams, rivers and lakes.
Water vapors enter the atmosphere as a result of volcanic activity, and evaporate by the surface of plants.
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