Krikalev Sergey Konstantinovich
Test cosmonaut of RSC Energia"
the 209th cosmonaut of the world
67th cosmonaut of the USSR/Of Russia.
Sergey Krikalev was born on August 27, 1958 in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), Russia, in the family of an engineer at the Baltic Plant.
Russian.
In 1975, he graduated from the secondary school No. 77 of the city of Leningrad, at the same time he received the specialty "Chemist analyst laboratory assistant".
Since September 1975, he studied at the Leningrad Mechanical Institute (LMI) at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, majoring in “Design and production of aircraft".
Simultaneously with his studies, Krikalev worked as a laboratory assistant and senior laboratory assistant at the Institute from November 1977 to May 1980.
After graduating from the institute in February 1981, he received a diploma of a mechanical engineer with honors.
From May to August, Krikalev worked as an aircraft technician of the 4th category for the operation and repair of aircraft and engines in the Leningrad City Aero Club DOSAAF.
In September 1981, Krikalev became an engineer at the Head Design Bureau of NPO Energia, where he was engaged in developing instructions for astronauts.
In 1985, he became a senior engineer and participated in the development of proposals for displaying operator information on the displays of the Mir base unit, corrected the on board documentation of the Salyut 7 OS in terms of life support systems, developed the on board documentation of the 11F72 M164 product (TKS, Cosmos 1443).
In 1983, Krikalev passed a medical examination and was admitted to special training.
In 1985, he was enrolled in the cosmonaut detachment of NPO Energia (291st department) as a candidate for test cosmonauts.
After graduating from the OKP in 1986, he received the qualification of "Test Cosmonaut".
In 1986-1988.
Krikalev was trained under the Buran program as part of a group.
On March 22, 1988, Krikalev replaced Alexander Kaleri in the main crew of the Soyuz TM 7 (EO 4/Aragats on the Mir OK), who was suspended from training for health reasons, and until November he was trained as a flight engineer of the main crew of the ship.
Krikalev made the 1st space flight from November 26, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of the Soyuz TM 7 spacecraft and the Mir spacecraft under the EO 4/Aragats program.
Flight duration: 151 days 11 hours 08 minutes 23 seconds.
The call sign is "Donbass 2".
In May 1990, he was appointed deputy head of the 111th Department.
And from August to November 1990, Krikalev was again trained, but this time under the EO 8 program together with A. Artsebarsky and R. Kikuchi (Japan).
On December 2, 1990, he was an understudy of the flight engineer of the Soyuz TM 11 spacecraft.
Manarov.
From December 1990 to April 1991 Krikalev was trained as part of the main crew under the EO 9/Juno program.
Krikalev made the 2nd space flight from May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 as a flight engineer on the Soyuz TM 12 spacecraft (launch), Soyuz TM 13 spacecraft (landing) and Mir Spacecraft under two programs EO 9 and EO 10 (the decision on Krikalev's participation in the 10th expedition without an intermediate return to Earth was made shortly before the end of the flight under the Expedition 9 program).
He performed seven spacewalks with a total duration of 36 hours and 29 minutes.
The duration of its flight was: 311 days 20 hours 01 minutes 54 seconds.
The call sign is "Ozone 2" and "Donbass 2".
For this flight, S. Krikalev was the first of the domestic cosmonauts Heroes of the Soviet Union, pilots of cosmonauts of the USSR received the honorary titles “Hero of the Russian Federation” and “Pilot Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation”.
In April 1992, S. Krikalev was appointed to the position of “Instructor test cosmonaut Deputy head of the Department".
On September 29, 1992, Krikalev was selected for the first flight of a Russian cosmonaut on a shuttle.
From November 1992 to January 1994.
he was trained at the Johnson Center (NASA).
Krikalev made the 3rd space flight on February 3-11, 1994 as a specialist of Flight 4 on the Discovery spacecraft under the STS 60 program.
Flight duration: 08 day 07 hour 09 min 22 sec.
From April 1994 to January 1995, he completed another training cycle at NASA and on February 3, 1995, he was an understudy for V.Titov, a specialist of Flight 4 on Discovery “STS 63).
Then he returned to work at the RSC “Energy”.
In January 1996, Sergey Krikalev was appointed flight engineer of the first (main) crew of the International Space Station.
The launch was then scheduled for May 1998.
Due to the change in the ISS assembly schedule and the postponement of the launch of the first crew to January 2000, it became possible to include S. Krikalev in the crew of the shuttle (STS 88), which will be the first to start assembling the station.
Krikalev began training as a member of the crew in September 1998.
This flight (4-16.12.1998, duration 11 days 19 hours 17 minutes 54 seconds) was the fourth and second for S. Krikalev on the American shuttle.
Krikalev's total flight time in space flights (taking into account STS 88) was 483 days 09 hours 37 minutes 33 seconds, and he ranks sixth in the world in terms of the total duration of space flights (second only to Valery Polyakov, Anatoly Solovyov, Musa Manarov, Alexander Viktorenko and Sergey Avdeev) and second among active cosmonauts.
For space flights, Sergey Krikalev was awarded honorary titles Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the Gold Star Medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star Medal of the Hero of the Russian Federation, the Order of Friendship of Peoples, the Order of the Legion of Honor (France), the Order of the Eagle of the 1st degree with a diamond of the Association of Industrialists of Russia, the NASA Medal For Space Flight.
He was also awarded the qualification of "Cosmonaut of the 1st class".
Sergey Krikalev is fond of sports.
He has the first category in swimming, is a candidate for the master of sports in the all around (he received the results of performances at the Leningrad championship in 1989).
In 1980-81.
Krikalev was a member of the Leningrad national aerobatics team and received the title of "Master of Sports of the USSR" (he flew Yak 18A, Yak 50, Yak 52, Yak 55).
In 1982, Krikalev competed at the USSR Championship for the team of the Central Aero Club, and in 1983 he became the absolute champion of Moscow in aerobatics.
At the Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR, he played for the RSFSR national team, where he took 3rd place in the team competition and 8th place in the individual.
Sergey Krikalev is married to Elena Yuryevna Terekhina (born in 1956), who works as an engineer at the RSC “Energy”.
Their daughter Olga (born in 1990) is growing up in their family.
Source: journal "Cosmonautics News", No. 1/1999, p. 71
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