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XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi
XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi
Sections: XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi Paralympic Winter Games In Addition to Sports
Schedule of the Olympic Games in Sochi 2014 Sports and doping: together forever?
Legislation on the Olympiad
From February 7 to 23, 2014, the XXII Olympic Winter Games (hereinafter referred to as the Winter Games) were held in Sochi, where Russia took first place in the medal standings.
The Winter Games were held on the territory of our country for the first time.
According to the forecasts of the Ministry of Sports of Russia, they were supposed to be the largest in terms of the number of participants and the number of awards.
Thus, about 6 thousand people (participants and officials) took part in the Games, including 3 thousand athletes from more than 90 countries of the world, among whom 98 sets of medals were awarded.1 For comparison, 86 sets of awards were awarded at the XXI Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver.
It was assumed that the number of viewers who will attend the Games will be more than 1 million people, and the TV audience that will presumably watch them is about 3 billion people.
It is interesting that the only Olympic Summer Games held in Russia at the moment (Moscow, 1980) were also XXII.
The Olympic Games are the largest international sports competition.
They are held once every four years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee (hereinafter – the IOC).
The organization, events and activities of the Olympic movement and the conditions for holding the Games are regulated by the Olympic Charter.
The first Winter Olympic Winter Games were held in 1925 in Chamonix (France).
From 1924 to 1992, the Winter Games were held in the same years as the summer Games (in 1940 and 1944, they were canceled due to World War II).
The next Winter Games were held in 1994, that is, two years later, not four, due to the decision to make a two year interval between the summer and winter Games.
According to the IOC classification, there are seven Winter Olympic sports (according to the number of International Sports Federations that are part of the Association of International Winter Sports Federations): Biathlon (Biathlon) – International Biathlon Union (IBU); Bobsleigh – International Bobsleigh and Toboggan Federation (FIBT); Curling – World Curling Federation (WCF); Ice Hockey – International Ice Hockey Federation (IIXF); Luge International Luge Federation (FIL); Skating - The International Skating Union (ISU); Skiing is an International Ski Federation (FIS).
Mascots: Bunny, White Bear and Leopard Slogan: "Hot.
Winter.
Yours"
In addition, speed skating, skiing and bobsleigh are divided into disciplines.
In Russia, the classification is more common taking into account these subspecies, so 15 Olympic sports are distinguished: 1. Biathlon is a winter Olympic sport that combines cross country skiing with shooting from a small caliber rifle.
The Olympic program has been included since 1960.
2. Bobsleigh downhill on a special ice track in the form of a chute on a sled (beans).
It has been included in the Olympic program since the very first Winter Games – since 1924.
3. Skeleton downhill on a two pole sled with a weighted frame on a bobsleigh track.
It became an Olympic sport in 2002.
4. Curling is a team sports game on an ice court.
During the competition, the participants of the two teams alternately launch special heavy granite shells ("stones") on the ice in the direction of a special field marked on the ice.
Athletes try to stop their stone in a certain place or knock out the stones of their opponents from the scoring zone.
Curling officially became an Olympic sport in 1998, although demonstration competitions were already held at the 1924 Games.
5. Ice hockey is a sports game in which the players of two teams (on skates), directing the puck with sticks, try to throw it into the opponent's goal, without missing it in their own goal.
Men's ice hockey has been included in the program of the Winter Games since the very beginning – since 1924, and the first ice hockey tournament within the framework of the Games was held at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Women's ice hockey was included in the program of the Winter Games only in 1998.
6. Luge - downhill on single and double sleds on a bobsleigh track.
This sport was included in the program of the Winter Games in 1964.
7. Figure skating is a speed skating sport that involves moving athletes on ice on skates, with changes in the direction of sliding and performing additional elements (rotation, jumps, combinations of steps, supports, etc.) to music.
Figure skating is one of the very first winter disciplines: figure skating competitions were held at the Summer Olympic Games in 1908 and 1920.
8. Speed skating is another type of speed skating.
Men have been competing in it at the Winter Games since 1924, and women since 1960.
9. Short track is a kind of speed skating: short track skating.
It was included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1992.
10. Alpine skiing is a discipline of skiing, which is a descent from the mountains on special skis.
Officially, this sport has been included in the Olympic program since 1936.
11. Cross country skiing – skiing for a certain distance on a specially prepared track.
Men competed in this sport at the first Games in 1924, and for women it has been included in the Olympic program since 1952.
12. Ski jumping is a discipline that represents ski jumping from specially equipped ski jumps.
The Olympic program has been included since 1924.
Women will compete in this sport for the first time at the Olympic Games in Sochi.
Useful resources: Official website of the 2014 Olympic Winter Games Official website of the International Olympic Committee
13.
Cross country skiing, which is also called the "northern combination", combines two disciplines: ski jumping and cross country skiing.
Individual two man event has been included in the program of the Winter Games since 1924, and in 1988, team competitions in this discipline were added to it.
14. Snowboarding is the youngest of the ski sports, which consists in descending from the snow covered slopes of the mountains on a special projectile.
He first entered the Olympic program in 1998.
15. Freestyle is another type of skiing.
It has been included in the program of the Winter Games since 1992.
During the preparation for the next Games, the IOC Executive Committee may consider the issue of including new types of competitions in the Olympic program.
For example, at the Sochi Olympics for the first time will be presented: ski jumping (women); team competitions in figure skating; relay in luge; halfpipe in freestyle (men and women); mixed relay in biathlon; slopestyle in freestyle (men and women); slopestyle in snowboarding (men and women); parallel slalom (men and women).
Paralympic Winter Games
Mascots: Snowflake and Ray Slogan: "Hot.
Winter.
Yours"
The XI Paralympic Winter Games will also be held in Sochi from March 7 to 16, 2014.
Just like the Olympic Winter Games, they will be held on the territory of Russia for the first time.
It is expected that more than 1,400 people (participants and officials) will take part in them, including 700 Paralympic athletes from more than 40 countries, among whom 72 sets of medals will be awarded.
The first Paralympic Winter Games were held in 1976 in Ernskeldsvik (Sweden).
Since 1992, the Paralympic Winter Games have been held in the same cities as the Olympic Winter Games.
The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is an organization dedicated to the development of the Paralympic movement in the world.
Five sports belong to the Paralympic games: 1. Biathlon.
Visually impaired and hearing impaired athletes, as well as athletes with amputations and disorders of the musculoskeletal system can take part in it, but athletes with the same category of disability compete with each other.
Biathlon was included in the Paralympic program in 1994.
2. Alpine skiing.
Men and women with different types of disabilities take part in the competitions: spinal injury, cerebral palsy, amputation, blindness or partial loss of vision.
However, the struggle is being waged between athletes with the same category of disability in order to ensure equal conditions for all athletes.
The first disciplines of alpine skiing were included in the program of the very first Paralympic Games in 1976.
3. Cross country skiing.
As in alpine skiing competitions, athletes with different types of disabilities participate in cross country skiing, but the fight is between athletes of the same disability category.
In relay races, teams are completed from three athletes with different types of disabilities.
This sport has also been included in the Paralympic program since 1976.
Useful resources: The official website of the 2014 Paralympic Winter Games The official website of the International Paralympic Committee The official website of the Russian Paralympic Committee is a portal that combines an interactive all Russian map of accessible facilities and clubs for practicing Paralympic sports, as well as an information resource about the Paralympic movement - " Accessibility Map"
4.
Wheelchair curling.
It is played by two teams whose goal is to get a stone thrown on the ice as close as possible to the center of the drawn target.
The teams can be mixed, that is, they can consist of both men and women at the same time.
Curling has been included in the official program of the Paralympic Games since 2006.
This year, our country will be represented in this sport for the first time.
5. Sledge ice hockey.
The game consists in the confrontation of two teams that, passing the puck with sticks, strive to throw it into the opponent's goal the greatest number of times, without missing it into their own goal.
It involves athletes who have impaired functions of the lower extremities, the degree of which does not allow standing skating.
During the game, athletes move around sitting on a sled, and use two clubs, toothed at one end and curved at the other.
With the help of metal teeth, players push off from the ice, and with the curved end they hit the puck.
Officially, this sport was included in the program of the Paralympic Games in 1994.
The Russian Paralympic sledge hockey team will take part in this sport for the first time at the upcoming Games in Sochi.
In addition to sports, the Olympic and Paralympic Games (hereinafter referred to as the Games) remain in the memory for a long time not only due to spectacular ceremonies and exciting competitions, but also thanks to unique artifacts and memorabilia that are in particular demand among collectors and fans of the Olympic movement.
Among the artifacts of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games, in addition to mascots with the symbols of the Sochi Games, it is worth highlighting philatelic products and numismatics.
So, for the 2014 Games in Sochi, four postal blocks, 45 multi plot postage stamps, card maximums and postcards, as well as sets of all issued postage stamps in an artistic cover were issued.
The subjects for postal products were winter sports, Olympic sports facilities, as well as views of the Krasnodar Territory.
The Sochi 2014 coin program is carried out from 2011 to 2014 and provides for the issue of coins (commemorative and investment) both from precious and non ferrous metalls2.
It should be noted that for the first time a commemorative banknote (with a nominal value of 100 rubles) was issued for the Games in Sochi.
And you know that: the Winter Olympic Games have never been held in the Southern hemisphere; artificial snow was first used at the XIII Winter Olympic Games in 1980 in Lake Placid (USA); the first Games that were held outside of North America and Europe were the XI Winter Olympic Games – they were held in Sapporo (Japan) in 1972; the only time in the history of the Games had to be postponed: in 1976, they were to be held in Denver (USA), but due to financial problems of the organizers, they were postponed transfer to Innsbruck (Austria).
By the way, it was there that the official mascot of the Winter Games was first introduced – it was a snowman named Tyrolin; the Great Britain team, which won the World Ice Hockey Championship at the 1936 Winter Olympics, almost entirely consisted of Canadians;
At the XIX Olympic Games of 2002 in Salt Lake City (USA), a unique event took place in figure skating: the Canadian pair of Salle/Peletier received gold medals not by the decision of the judges, but as a result of public pressure.
As a result, gold medals were awarded to both the Russian pair Berezhnaya/Sikharulidze, who took first place, and the Canadians;
Russian figure skater Alexey Yagudin, the Olympic champion in 2002 – is also a four time world champion and a three time European champion, but he has never won the Russian championship; the Sochi 2014 Olympic torch Relay will be the longest and longest in the history of the Games.
From October 7, 2013 (Moscow) to February 7, 2014 (Sochi), the Olympic Flame will cover more than 65 thousand km, having visited more than 2,900 settlements in all 83 regions of the country.
The total number of torchbearers is about 14 thousand people; a record number of awards – 1300 medals were made for the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi.
Their production took about 3 kg of pure gold, 2 tons of silver and 700 kg of bronze.
Documents on the topic: Federal Law No. 329 FZ of December 4, 2007 "On Physical Culture and Sport in the Russian Federation" International Convention against Doping in Sport (Paris, October 19, 2005).
Federal Law No. 310 FZ of December 1, 2007 "On the Organization and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the City of Sochi, the Development of the City of Sochi as a Mountain Climate Resort and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (with Amendments and Additions) Federal Law No. 277 FZ of December 29, 2012 " On Amendments to Article 9 of the Federal Law "On the Organization and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in the City of Sochi, the Development of the City of Sochi as a Mountain Climate resort and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation "and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation".
Federal Law No. 101 FZ of May 7, 2013 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Organization and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the City of Sochi and the Development of the city of Sochi as a mountain climate resort".
Federal Law No. 242 FZ of July 30, 2010 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Organization and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the City of Sochi and the Development of the city of Sochi as a mountain climate resort" (with amendments and additions).
Federal Law No. 379 FZ of December 27, 2009 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Organization and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the City of Sochi and the Development of the city of Sochi as a Mountain climate resort" (with amendments and additions).
Federal Law No. 125 FZ of June 28, 2009 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Organization and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the City of Sochi, the development of the city of Sochi as a mountain climate resort" (with amendments and additions).
Federal Law No. 238 FZ of October 30, 2007 "On the State Corporation for the Construction of Olympic Facilities and the Development of the City of Sochi as a Mountain Climate Resort" (with amendments and additions).
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1308 of September 26, 2007 "On the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the development of Physical Culture and Sports, sports of higher achievements, preparation and holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi, the XXVII World Summer Universiade 2013 in Kazan, the World Football Championship 2018" (with amendments and additions).
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 848 of July 5, 2007 "On preparations for the XXII Winter Olympic Games and the XI Winter Paralympic Games of 2014 in Sochi" (with amendments and additions).
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 98 of February 7, 2013 "On approval of the Regulations on the sale of entrance tickets for attending sports events and ceremonies of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi".
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 57 of January 29, 2013 "On approval of the Regulations on the State Commission for the Preparation and Holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi".
Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 564 of July 15, 2009 "On the powers of certain Federal executive authorities in connection with the preparation and holding of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi, the XXVII World Summer Universiade 2013 in Kazan and the XVI World Aquatics Championships 2015 in Kazan" (with amendments and additions).
News on the topic: Nonresident citizens coming to Sochi were obliged to register temporarily IA "GARANT", November 18, 2013.
The draft law on special penalties for traffic violations during the Sochi Olympics was approved by the Government of the Russian Federation IA "GARANT", October 31, 2013.
The list of services whose prices should not increase during the Olympic Games in Sochi has been approved IA "GARANT", October 3, 2013.
The Government of the Russian Federation has defined the procedure for selling tickets for the Olympic Games in Sochi IA "GARANT", February 11, 2013.
The specifics of selling tickets for events and ceremonies of the Olympic Games in Sochi – IA "GARANT", January 5, 2013.
_________________________ 1 According to the report of the Minister of Sports of the Russian Federation Vitaly Mutko on the readiness for the 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi.
2 The program of issuing investment and commemorative coins dedicated to the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi can be found on the official website of the Bank of Russia.
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