Chaplin, Charles
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Charles Chaplin Charles Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin Birth name: Charles Spencer Chaplin
Date of birth: April 16 1889(1889-04-16)[1][2][3]
Place of birth: London, United Kingdom[2][1]
Date of death: December 25, 1977 (1977-12-25) [1] (88 years old)
Place of death: Vevey, Switzerland[1]
Citizenship: Great Britain
Profession: actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer, film composer, editor
Career: 1914-1967
Awards:
"Oscar" (1929, 1972, 1973)
IMDb: ID 0000122
charliechaplin.com and charlie chaplin.fr Charles chaplin on wikimedia Commons
Sir Charles Spencer (Charlie) Chaplin (English: Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin; April 16, 1889 December 25, 1977) was an American and English film actor, screenwriter, composer, film director, producer and editor, a universal master of cinema, the creator of one of the most famous images of world cinema — the image of the tramp Charlie, who appeared in short comedies set on stream in the 1910s at the Keystone Film Studio[4].
Chaplin actively used the techniques of pantomime and buffoonery, although since the 1920s, much more serious social themes began to take place in his work than it was in the early period of short films.
Starting in April 1914, Chaplin began to act as a director and script writer for most films with his own participation, from 1916 he also produced films, and from 1918 he wrote music.
Together with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and David Griffith, Charles Chaplin founded the United Artists film studio in 1919. [5]
Winner of the 1973 Academy Award and twice winner of the non competitive honorary Oscar in 1929 and 1972.
Chaplin received the honorary Academy Award in 1972 with the following wording of his merits — "for an invaluable contribution to the fact that cinema has become an art in this century"[6].
Chaplin was one of the most creative and influential people in the era of silent films.
Chaplin's work was greatly influenced by the French comedian and film actor Max Linder, to whom he dedicated one of his films[7].
His career began in the Victorian era, when little Charlie first appeared on the stage of the Music Hall in the UK and, stretching for 75 years, lasted almost until the artist's death at the age of 88.
After a resounding success in Hollywood, Chaplin was forced to leave the United States under the onslaught of high profile scandals, revelations concerning the details of his personal life and accusations of sympathizing with the ideas of communism in the McCarthyism era in the early 1950s.
In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Charlie Chaplin on the 10th place in the list of the 100 greatest movie stars for 100 years among men[8].
In 2008, Martin Siff wrote in a review of the book "Chaplin: A Life": "Chaplin was not just a big man, he was a giant.
In 1915, he burst into the world like a ghost with his gift of comedy, laughter and help, at a time when everything was torn apart in the First World War, and for the next 25 years both during the Great Depression and during the rise of Adolf Hitler — he continued to create…
It is unlikely that any other person will ever be able to bring more joy, pleasure and relief at a time when most people need them so much"[9].
George Bernard Shaw called Chaplin "the only genius who came out of the film industry"[10].
Content
1 Biography 1.1 Childhood in England (1889-1909) 1.2 The first years in the USA 1.3 The appearance of the image of a Tramp, the growth of popularity (1914-1918) 1.4 Activity in United Artists (1919-1939) 1.5 The beginning of persecution in the USA 1.6 Recent works 1.7 Recognition and death
2 The Image of a Tramp 3 Followers and Influence 4 Political Persecution 5 Paternity Court 6 Relationships with Women 6.1 Hetty Kelly 6.2 Edna Purviance 6.3 Mildred Harris 6.4 Lita Gray 6.5 Paulette Goddard 6.6 Una O'Neill
7 Interesting facts 8 Filmography 8.1 Feature films 8.2 Short films 8.2.1 Films of the Keystone Studio 8.2.2 Films of the Essenay Studio 8.2.3 Films of the Mutual Studio 8.2.4 Films of the First National Studio
8.3 Cameo appearances in other films
9 Films about Chaplin 10 See also 11 Notes 12 Literature 13 References
Biography[edit / edit wiki text]
Childhood in England (1889-1909)[edit / edit wiki text]
Charlie Chaplin (1907-1910)
Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in London, at 8 pm, on East Lane, in the Walworth district, in a family of music hall artists.
Shortly after his birth, the family moved to West Square, on St. George's Road, in Lambeth.
His parents Charles Spencer Chaplin Sr. and Hannah Chaplin (on the stage of Lily Gurley) - were pop actors.
My mother performed songs and dances in various theaters, including in the entreprise of famous composers, authors of popular operettas Gilbert and Sullivan.
Shortly before her wedding to Chaplin Sr., Hannah gave birth to Sidney Hill, Charlie's half brother, by a certain Jew named Hawkes.
Later, Sydney was given the surname Chaplin, like her brother, stepfather and mother after marriage[11].
Charles Chaplin Sr.-the owner of a pleasant baritone was very popular in London music halls in the mid 1880s.
He repeatedly had to tour in Europe, he also performed in New York.
In his repertoire there were also songs composed by himself.
The stage career of Charles Spencer Chaplin Sr. ended tragically: he began to drink and died on May 9, 1901 in the London Hospital of St. Nicholas.
Thomas at the age of 37 years[12].
His paternal grandmother, who died when Charlie was not yet 6 years old, came from the Smith family, who belonged to the Gypsies, which the actor himself was extremely proud of, although he described it in his biography as "a skeleton in the family closet" (or "a very terrible secret")[13][14].
Charlie first performed on stage in 1894, at the age of five, replacing his mother in the music hall program.
Due to problems with the larynx, she later completely lost the voice necessary for singing work.
Little Charlie broke the ovation of the audience, who began to throw coins and bills on the stage.
He won the audience even more by collecting this money with childlike spontaneity right during the performance, after which he returned to the stage and finished a song from his mother's repertoire.
Soon after the death of her husband, Hannah Chaplin became seriously ill.
Brothers Sid and Charlie (along with their mother) ended up in a workhouse in Lambeth, and then were sent to a school for orphans and poor children.
They were forced to earn their own living.
In 1896, Hannah lost her mind and was later placed in a psychiatric clinic.
For some time, Charles Chaplin Sr. took his own son and stepson to him, who already had a new wife and son, 4 years younger than his half brother Charlie.
At the end of 1898, Chaplin entered the children's dance group "Eight Lancashire Guys" [15].
Interestingly, later critics called Chaplin's films "the ballet film".
On Christmas Day, 1900, the "Lancashire Boys" participated in the pantomime "Cinderella"; Chaplin in a cat costume for the first time got the opportunity to make the audience laugh.
In the spring of 1901, Chaplin left the Lancashire Boys.
Charlie rarely attended school, worked as a newspaper salesman, a doctor's assistant, in a printing house, etc., but did not stay anywhere for a long time because of his young age.
In 1903, he (at the age of 14) got a permanent job in the theater and the role of Billy the messenger in the play "Sherlock Holmes".
At this time, Chaplin was practically illiterate.
When he was handed the text of the role, he was afraid that he would be asked to read aloud a few paragraphs.
His brother Sidney helped him learn the role.
For several years, Charlie has also been playing in a variety show.
From the age of 16, he regularly played the violin for 4-16 hours a day, took lessons from a theater conductor or his friends.
A turning point in Chaplin's life was the receipt on February 21, 1908, of a place as an actor in the theater company of Fred Carnot, which supplied ready made sketches and pantomimes for a number of music halls.
Soon he became one of the key actors in a number of productions (some of which he later adapted for the screen).
The first years in the USA[edit / edit wiki text]
Chaplin and the Carnot troupe were on tour in the United States from September 1910 to June 1912.
In 1912, he returned to England for five months, and on October 2, he again came to the United States with the Carnot troupe, and this time he decided to stay in this country.
Chaplin shared a room with Arthur Stanley Jefferson, who would later become famous under the pseudonym Stan Laurel.
During one of Chaplin's performances, film producer Mack Sennett noticed.
Mac liked Charlie's game, and he invited the artist to work in his studio "Keystone".
On September 23, 1913, Chaplin signed a contract with Keystone with a salary of $ 150 per week[16].
Initially, it was difficult for the young actor to adapt to the new requirements of cinema for him.
After the first film, Sennett even admitted that the decision to take Chaplin into the team was wrong[17].
Many historians and biographers agree that Sennett's decision to give Charlie another chance was influenced by Mabel Normand, at that time one of the main stars of the studio[18].
Mack Sennett with difficulty, but still gave Chaplin the opportunity to act further.
However, gradually the pictures with the young actor began to make a profit, and Chaplin became one of the stars of the film studio.
Chaplin was placed at the disposal of Normand, who acted as a screenwriter and director, but Charles wanted to make his own films.
On the set, they often quarreled and did not agree with each other's decisions.
But this did not spoil their relationship.
Chaplin and Normand remained friends both after the rising star was given the opportunity to make films on his own, and after he left Keystone[19].
The appearance of the image of a Tramp, the growth of popularity (1914-1918)[edit / edit wiki text]
Charlie Chaplin and Jackie Coogan in the movie "Baby"
At first, Chaplin tries to imitate the rather rude style of Sennett's impromptu comedies, but it is the departure from this style that brings him success.
Soon he became a famous film actor and began to form and hone his screen image.
At first, his character Chaz (on the set of "firecrackers" in the preserved working dubs, he was designated as Chas Chaplin; Avenarius calls him "Chase") looked like an impudent crook and a ladies 'man, but gradually more and more human warmth and lyricism appeared in him, which the viewer used to associate with the image of a"Little Tramp".
The tramp first appeared in the comedy "Children's Car Racing", which premiered on February 7, 1914.
At the same time, Chaplin came up with a tramp costume for the film "Mabel's Extraordinary Predicament", filmed a few days earlier, but released later, on February 9.
Mack Sennett asked Chaplin to go make up somehow, and, according to Chaplin's memoirs in his autobiography, it happened as follows[20]:
I didnot know how to make up my face.
I didnot like my appearance as a reporter.
On the way to the costume shop, I immediately decided to put on wide trousers that would fit me like a bag, excessively large shoes and a bowler hat, and take a cane in my hands.
I wanted everything to be contradictory in my suit: baggy trousers and a too narrow business card, a bowler hat that was too small for me, and huge shoes.
I did not immediately decide whether I would be old or young, but, remembering that Sennet considered me too young, I pasted on a small mustache, which, in my opinion, should make me older, without hiding my facial expressions.
When I was getting dressed, I still didnot think about what kind of character should be hidden behind this appearance, but as soon as I was ready, the costume and makeup suggested an image to me.
I felt it, and when I returned to the pavilion, my character was already born.
"The Tramp" turned out to be quite versatile and contradictory despite the name of the image, which corresponds to his social status, he has refined manners, clothes and the dignity of a gentleman.
Separately, most of the elements of the image were already used by other comedians before Charles.
Chaplin took the famous stand with a support on a thin cane from his father — he saw it in one of the family photos.
"Fat man" Arbuckle has already shown his stepfather's hat and huge trousers in the cinema, which were very consistent with his image.
Chester Conklin used a tailcoat in comedy films, and Ford Sterling wore huge, size 47 shoes for filming.
The use of a mustache was also not new — before Chaplin, they were worn by Mac Swain.
But together, these elements, as well as small additions (for example, Chaplin decided to swap shoes — he put on the right shoe on the left foot, and on the right — the left, he also used a bamboo cane for the first time), allowed to create a unique image of a Tramp.
Gradually mastering all new aspects of filmmaking, Chaplin stopped being satisfied only with acting and persuaded Sennet to allow him to direct films himself.
Soon Chaplin begins to realize that working for Sennet limits his creative abilities,and leaves Keystone .
He is the most famous person in the world ... he eclipses the glory of Joan of Arc, Louis XIV and Clemenceau.
Only Christ and Napoleon could compete with him in fame.
Louis Delluc, 1917
In 1914, Chaplin independently made his first film ("Caught in the Rain"), in which he acted as an actor, director and screenwriter.
Charlie's earnings are growing rapidly: if in 1914 he received $ 150 a week at Keystone, then in 1915 at Essanay Film studio 1250 a week plus a bonus of 10,000 for a contract; in 1916-1917, at Mutual Film, 10,000 a week plus 150,000 for a contract.
In 1917, Chaplin signed a contract with the First National Pictures studio for $ 1 million, becoming at that time the most expensive actor in history.
Activities at United Artists (1919-1939)[edit / edit wiki text]
Charles Chaplin's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
Over time, Chaplin decided to gain creative independence and in 1919 founded the United Artists studio together with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and David W. Griffith.
They sought to get rid of the growing influence of film distributors and financiers on Hollywood studios.
This step finally untied Chaplin's hands in creating his own independent films.
Charles worked for United Artists until his departure from America in the early 1950s.
All the films made by Chaplin at the United Artists film studio were full length.
The first was the picture "Parisian" (1923), a psychological drama atypical for Chaplin's work, in which the director himself appeared only in a cameo role.
"The Parisian Woman" was received by the American audience rather coolly.
Fans of the image of a Tramp were far from the subject of secular dramas.
At the same time, the film was liked by critics and filmmakers.
This film convinced the creative intelligentsia that Chaplin is primarily an author[22].
This was followed by the classic paintings "Gold Rush" (1925) and "Circus" (1928).
In 1921, Chaplin made a trip to Europe on the liner "Olympic", the brother of the "Titanic" [23].
In London and Paris, huge crowds gather at his appearance.
During the first three days in London, Chaplin received 73,000 letters.
No one knew him in Berlin, and Chaplin's films were not shown in post war Germany.
Chaplin made his second visit to Europe in 1931 — during the premiere of the film "Lights of the Big City".
Chaplin visited Europe for the third time in 1936 during the screening of the film "New Times".
Until 1922, Chaplin did not have his own house — he lived in rented houses, hotels and a club.
In 1922, Chaplin built his house in Beverly Hills.
In the house, in addition to forty rooms, there was a cinema and an organ.
Chaplin was friends with the famous deaf landscape painter Grenville Redmond, who taught Charlie pantomime.
In return, Chaplin organized a studio for Grenville and shot him in some films[24].
Chaplin's fame was brought by silent films, and although sound appeared in films already in 1927, Charlie remains faithful to the old film technique for another decade.
The first fully sound picture of Chaplin was "The Great Dictator" — an anti Hitler film made in 1940.
He also became the last film where the image of the tramp Charlie was used.
The beginning of persecution in the USA[edit / edit wiki text]
During the time of McCarthyism in the United States, Chaplin was accused of anti American activities and suspected of being a secret communist.
The head of the FBI, Edgar Hoover, instructed to intensify work on collecting an extensive dossier on Chaplin, which began in the 1930s, and tried to expel the actor from the country.
The prosecution of Chaplin by the FBI increased after he conducted a campaign in 1942 in support of the opening of a second front, and reached a critical level in the late 1940s, when congressmen threatened to bring him as a witness at congressional hearings.
This did not happen, perhaps out of fear that Chaplin might have composed a satire on his persecutors[25].
In 1952, Chaplin created the film "Footlights" — a story about the fate of a creative person and about creativity in general.
On September 17, 1952, Chaplin went to London for the world premiere of "Footlights", and Edgar Hoover obtained a ban from the immigration authorities on the actor's return entry into the country.
Chaplin settled in Switzerland, in the city of Vevey.
Recent works[edit / edit wiki text]
The honorary Oscar is presented to Chaplin by Jack Lemmon (1972)
In Switzerland, Chaplin writes music for his silent films, voices the film "Gold Rush".
In 1948, Chaplin wrote the story "Footlights" ("Ramp"), which formed the basis of the film "Footlights".
The actor was awarded the International Peace Prize in 1954.
In his film "The King in New York" (1957), Chaplin himself plays the main role.
In 1964, Chaplin published his memoirs, which formed the basis of the biographical feature film "Chaplin" (1992).
In 1965, Chaplin became the winner of the Erasmus Prize.
Chaplin directed the last film "The Countess from Hong Kong" according to his script in 1967; the main roles in the film were played by Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando.
Recognition and death[edit / edit wiki text]
In 1972, Chaplin received an honorary Oscar for the second time.
To do this, he came to the United States for a short time — he was given only a limited visa.
On March 4, 1975, Chaplin was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
The artist died in his sleep on December 25, 1977 at his home in Vevey and was buried at the local cemetery.
A monument has been erected in memory of Charlie Chaplin on the shore of Lake Geneva.
On March 2, 1978, Chaplin's coffin was dug up and stolen for ransom[26].
The police arrested the perpetrators, and the actor's body was reburied on May 17, 1978 at the Meruz Cemetery in Corsier sur Vevey, Switzerland, under 6 feet (1.8 m) of concrete to prevent similar attempts in the future.
Chaplin was married four times, he had 12 children.
Some of them also tried themselves in the acting field, but only Geraldine Chaplin became widely known as a film actress.
Charles ' son Sidney Chaplin became a famous theater actor.
In addition, the artist's granddaughter, the Spanish actress Una Chaplin, became famous.
The image of a Tramp[edit / edit wiki text]
The image of a Tramp (eng. The Tramp) first appeared in the film "Mabel's Extraordinary Predicament" (according to another version — in the film "Children's Car Racing", filmed a little later, but released on the screen a week earlier).
Chaplin put on huge trousers, a narrow business card, big shoes, a bowler hat on his head, and held a cane in his hands.
Chaplin looked younger than his age, so he glued a small mustache, which, in his opinion, added solidity, but did not hide the facial expressions necessary in silent films.
In his first appearance on the movie screen, Chaplin came out with a lush mustache.
Chaplin wrote about his character in his autobiography:
...He is very versatile — he is a tramp, a gentleman, a poet, and a dreamer, but in general he is a lonely creature who dreams of beautiful love and adventures.
He wants you to believe that he is a scientist, or a musician, or a duke, or a polo player.
And at the same time, he is ready to pick up a cigarette butt from the sidewalk or take away a candy from the baby.
And, of course, under the appropriate circumstances, he is able to kick a lady in the ass — but only under the influence of strong anger.
Chaplin sought to get away from the" slap comedy", in the genre of which all comedies of that time were filmed.
In the film "Loan Box Office", the Tramp in the dismissal scene indicated with a gesture that he had several children who needed to be fed.
Chaplin noticed that the audience, who are on the set, are wiping away a tear.
After that, the image of the Tramp began to acquire lyrical and tragic features.
The little Tramp became one of the most replicated images in the popular culture of the XX century.
The image of a Tramp was imitated by Raj Kapoor in the film "Mr. 420", the classic of Soviet clowning Pencil, Alexander Kalyagin in the film "Hello, I'm your aunt!", etc.
Followers and influence[edit / edit wiki text]
There was Chaplin.
There was Raikin.
One per country.
And two for the whole world.
- Mikhail Zhvanetsky [27]
In the wake of the grandiose popularity of Chaplin's screen image, there were attempts to imitate his character.
As an example, we can cite the film "The Sandy Kid" (1917), in which the comedian Billy West reproduced the image and manner of Chaplin's playing[28].
Some of these imitations became a reason for misunderstandings — for example, the allegedly "Chaplin" film "The Man on the Propeller", shown in Moscow in 1922, was reviewed in the press by Alexey Gan[29].
The influence of Chaplin and the image of a Tramp created by him on the avant garde artistic trends of the first half of the XX century can be mentioned separately.
In particular, the plays "Chaplin, a tragigrotesque in six pictures" (1924) by Melchior Fischer[30], "a movie poem in faces" "Chapliniad" (1920) by Ivan Goll[31]are known
Chaplin became the hero of Vladimir Mayakovsky's poem "Kinopovetrie" (1923):
Shut up, Europe, you through and through fool!
Musi, shut up your orlo.
Not you, I'm sure, —
not you, I know, —
Comrade Charlot is laughing at you.
- Vladimir Mayakovsky [32]
The image of Chaplin's Tramp is reflected in the works of famous artists, including Fernand Leger and Marc Chagall[33].
Chagall also mentioned Chaplin in a 1927 interview as one of the most important cultural achievements of that time:
"I was pleased with the triumph of expressionism in Germany, the birth of the surrealist movement in France and the appearance of Charlie Chaplin on the screen.
Chaplin is trying to achieve in the cinema what I achieve in my pictures.
Today, he is probably the only artist with whom I would find a common language without words"[34].
Ilya Ehrenburg also highly appreciated the importance of Chaplin's work:
"Charlot is our, that is, a new, left wing, FUTURIST.
But he was the first to lead not the circles of the knowledgeable and knowledgeable, but the peoples.
< ...
> We see that Charlot is not an artist of moods, not an inspired comedian, but a strict DESIGNER, carefully developing a scheme of movements, like a medieval juggler.
He makes you laugh not with an artless movement, but with the use of an exact FORMULA"[35].
A more detailed analysis of the images that the artistic thought of that time associated with Chaplin and his work can be found in the work of Yuri Tsivyan "On Chaplin in the Russian avant garde and on the Laws of Chance in Art" (2006)[33].
Despite the fact that silent films gave way to sound, Chaplin's acting and directing technique had a significant impact on many comic actors.
This influence is most noticeable in the work of the French actor and director Jacques Tati, who shot sound films, widely and with great success using the techniques of silent cinema (for example, "Monsieur Hulot's Vacation").
The image of Charlie is clearly traced in the work of the Soviet clown Pencil.
A kind of follower of Chaplin can also be considered a Hong Kong actor and martial artist Jackie Chan, who uses a honed stunt technique to create whole cascades of comedic situations.
In the movie "Benny and June", one of the main characters, Sam, resembles Charlie Chaplin in his style of clothing and gait.
In the same movie, Sam performs a dance with buns.
Political persecution[edit / edit wiki text]
Chaplin and Gandhi, London, 1931
During the First World War, Chaplin, at the request of the US government, participated in the distribution of government bonds.
Together with Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks, Chaplin spoke at special rallies.
The FBI opened a case against Chaplin back in the 1930s after the film "New Times".
During the filming of the film "The Great Dictator" Chaplin was warned that the film would have trouble with censorship.
Chaplin was asked to abandon the production of the film, assuring that it would never be shown either in England or in the United States.
After the German attack on the USSR, the pressure from above stopped, but threatening letters from the audience began to arrive.
Some of them contained promises that they would throw bombs with asphyxiating gas and shoot at the screen in cinemas where "The Dictator" would be shown.
Chaplin tried to negotiate with the leader of the longshoremen's unions about the protection of cinemas.
After the release of "The Dictator" on the screens, the New York newspaper "Daily News" wrote that "Chaplin pointed a" communist finger " at the audience."
Nazi propaganda began to call Chaplin a Jew.
The Commission for the Investigation of Un American Activities began an investigation of Chaplin's activities, one of the points of the investigation was his nationality.
During the editing of the film "Monsieur Verdoux" Chaplin was summoned to Washington for a hearing of the Commission to Investigate Un American Activities, but later the call was canceled.
19 people were called from Hollywood at that time.
Those of them who insisted on their civil rights were jailed for a year for contempt of the commission.
According to one version, voiced by Chaplin in an interview with journalists, in order to ridicule the Commission on the Investigation of Un American Activities, he intended to appear at the hearing in his Tramp costume; for this reason, the Commission canceled its call[36].
Chaplin was never a US citizen.
The release of the film "Monsieur Verdoux" was banned by censorship[37].
After additional editing, the censors still allowed the film to be rented.
The demonstration of "Monsieur Verdoux" was accompanied by protests in the United States.
Chaplin's harassment began in the newspapers.
In addition to the accusations of priadl if he was a Communist[38], he was accused of not having received US citizenship.
The "Catholic Legion" announced a boycott of the film, cinemas began to refuse to rent "Monsieur Verdoux".
The newspapers published photos of pickets of the "Catholic Legion" with posters "Chaplin is a fellow traveler of the Reds!"
, " Get out of our country of a stranger!", " Chaplin has stayed with us for too long!", " Chaplin is ungrateful!
He is a henchman of the Communists!", "Send Chaplin to Russia!".
Nevertheless, the film was nominated for an Academy Award in the category "Best Screenplay".
In 1952, Chaplin wanted to go to England for a short time and requested a return visa from the US immigration services.
The US immigration services began conducting their own investigation, which lasted for several months, and issued Chaplin an entry visa.
Already on the way to Europe, Chaplin was informed that entry to the United States was closed to him, and in order to obtain a visa, he would have to answer the commission of the Immigration Department to a number of accusations of a political order, as well as to the accusation of moral promiscuity.
The future US President Richard Nixon took part in the persecution of Chaplin.
Three years after Chaplin left the United States, the US Tax Department taxed the income received by Chaplin in Europe from the rental of the film "Footlights" until 1955.
The US Tax Department considered him a permanent resident of the United States.
Chaplin was unable to turn to the protection of the American court to protect his interests.
The court on the recognition of paternity[edit / edit wiki text]
In 1943, Joan Barry filed a lawsuit in a California court to recognize Chaplin as the father of her child.
The blood test clearly showed that Chaplin is not the father.
But the federal authorities still charged Chaplin with violating the Mann Law.
The Mann Act, or the "White Slave Transportation Act", was passed to combat prostitution.
After the prohibition of brothels, the law became outdated, but the federal authorities used the law to crack down on political opponents.
Even after the announcement of the results of the blood test, the investigation was not terminated.
In his autobiography, Chaplin wrote that he was offered information that Joan Berry was used by Nazi organizations to kill him, but at the request of Chaplin's lawyer, these facts were not announced at the trial.
In 1944, Chaplin was found not guilty of all charges by a jury.
Following this, a second claim for recognition of paternity was initiated — this became possible due to the fact that custody of the child was transferred to the court and the participation of Joan Berry as one of the parties was no longer required to start the process.
The first hearing ended inconclusively (the jury did not come to an agreement); after the second hearing, despite the fact that the blood test proved that Chaplin could not be the father of Joan Berry's child, an unfavorable sentence was passed for Chaplin, according to which he had to pay the child a monetary allowance until he came of age.
Because of the lawsuit, Chaplin worked on the script of the film "Monsieur Verdoux" for almost two years, while it took only three months to shoot the film.
Relationships with women[edit / edit wiki text]
Hetty Kelly[edit / edit wiki text]
Hetty Kelly is a dancer, Chaplin's first love.
They met in London when Chaplin was 19 years old and Hetty was 14.
After five dates, they broke up.
Later, Hetty Kelly got married, Chaplin only communicated with her brother a few times.
Hetty Kelly died in 1918 during the Spanish flu pandemic.
Chaplin found out about this only in 1921.
Edna Perviens[edit / edit wiki text]
Edna Perviens in the film "Escape in a car" on April 1, 1915
Ed
