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Doping in sports
000
From the point of view of common sense, the fight against doping in sports has finally reached an impasse.
According to the observer of "SE", this struggle now has nothing to do with true concern for athletes.
And they themselves are nothing more than hostages in an alien and extremely dangerous game.
DOPING: THE HUNT FOR A PERSON The doping scandals that accompanied the competitions of skiers, including Russian ones, at the Olympic Games in Salt Lake City, have not subsided so far.
The Congress of the International Ski Federation has decided to disqualify Olympic champions Larisa Lazutina and Olga Danilova for two years.
Let me remind you what happened at the Games.
After the final type of the Olympic ski program - a distance of 30 kilometers, which Lazutina confidently won, a banned drug of the latest generation darbepoetin was found in her sample, which helps to increase hemoglobin and, as a result, overall endurance.
The same result was given by Danilova's analysis.
The day before, after a positive doping test for the same drug, the Spanish skier Johann Mulleg was disqualified and deprived of gold.
Commenting on the incident, IOC President Jacques Rogge noted that positive tests deprive an athlete of a medal won in a particular race, but are not a reason to deprive him of previous achievements.
After that, Rogge added: "And yet I myself can not consider either Mulleg or Lazutina real champions."
The opinion of those who fight against doping in sports on duty has always been that the control over athletes should be constantly tightened.
However, recently another point of view has become clearly visible.
Four years ago, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch publicly stated that the fight against doping is conducted by absolutely the wrong methods and means, and decided to convene a special session to review the entire concept.
But nothing happened.
Very timely - there was a well known "case of bribes" among the members of the IOC, and Samaranch was simply gagged.
IS RUSSIA A DOPING EMPIRE?
After the sensational disqualification of a whole group of Chinese swimmers, which happened a few years ago, the best medical forces of the People's Republic of China were attracted to the field of sports pharmacology.
Methods were developed that allow the use of folk and medical drugs that are not prohibited in sports, but can stimulate the achievement of results.
The largest research institutes have started working on sports.
The results are already obvious: according to the majority of experts, at the 2008 Games in Beijing, the world should expect a complete triumph of the hosts in many types of the program.
About 20 years ago, we had a similar situation.
Not right now.
As there is no more or less serious pharmacological service.
To call such an incomprehensible division that exists in the Russian Olympic Committee, whose representatives are often dealers of a particular pharmaceutical company, does not turn the tongue.
As a result, team doctors, coaches and athletes act, as a rule, at their own risk: if the medicine has at least some indications that can be applied to sports specifics, they do it right away.
About side effects (for example, that the sensational EPO is invisible, he is also darbepoetin, is not invisible at all), as a rule, they learn after the fact.
After the sample gave a positive result.
However, why be surprised?
In Salt Lake City, the complete failure of most of the leaders of the Olympic team became obvious.
Including those who were responsible for medical issues.
What a memorable press conference is worth!
Journalists (including Western ones) assessed the speeches of the Russian leadership briefly: a complete inability to speak, think, or do things.
Attempts to present a series of Russian ski disqualifications as a systematic hunt for Russians are at least ridiculous.
All the cases were primarily the result of the incompetence of Russian officials, who, to begin with, did not know either their rights or the rules.
According to the former president of the ROC Vitaly Smirnov, the problem with doping is getting worse every year, as more and more Russian athletes prefer to train abroad.
Accordingly, they are more difficult to control.
But here is an example from athletics.
Due to the lack of money, the vast majority of athletes spend 95 percent of the preparatory period not abroad, but inside the country.
They are regularly tested by international organizations.
By the way, they test very few people abroad.
And no one asks the question: why exactly are Russians so systematically 'shot'.
Here's the thing.
According to the rules of the International Athletics Federation, every athlete competing for the national team of his country must be checked out of competition at least twice within six months.
If these tests were not made, and the athlete won a gold medal at the World Championships, then he will not receive money for it.
In countries such as the USA, Italy, France, Great Britain, etc., out of competition control is carried out by their national laboratories, which then send the sample results to the international federation.
And they already know that, for example, Americans do 300-400 tests a year.
In Russia, they donot make any!
The worst thing is that it's too late to fix the situation now.
For the whole world, Russia has become an empire of doping.
This means that the targeted hunt for our athletes will continue.
The Salt Lake City scandal is probably not the last.
The events in Salt Lake City suggested that the fight against doping had taken the form of some kind of global legalized profanation.
What is the so called problem of asthmatics who openly use banned ephedrine in winter sports?
However, from a legal point of view, you can not find fault.
First you need to prove that the certificates are fake.
It is not necessary to gather an international consultation on every occasion!
But maybe then we should start playing according to the rules proposed to us?
And why not?
In a private conversation with one of the doctors, I heard: "It would be worth agreeing with some serious state medical institution to have a card for this or that athlete with all the necessary tests and examinations, on the basis of which a diagnosis was made - 'bronchial asthma', appropriate prescriptions were given.
And a person with this card will be able to travel around the competitions quite calmly."
Practice shows that for many years no one has died at the ski distance and has not fallen ill with any additional diseases.
Someone uses ephedrine, someone does not.
But they are afraid of what: as soon as the first step is taken, the entire anti doping fight may crumble altogether.
And this can no longer be allowed.
The fight against doping is a serious business, politics.
The main argument of anti doping fighters is that, going to the start, all athletes should be in equal conditions.
The task is impossible initially.
Any doctor knows that, for example, at the beginning of the monthly cycle, the hemoglobin content in a woman's blood drops noticeably.
Accordingly, the overall endurance of the body decreases.
So the phrase thrown in the hearts of one of the leaders of the Russian national team in Salt Lake City to his biathlete athlete is quite understandable: 'She has to go to the start, and she has her period.
I found the time, you fool!'
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But this is just a digression.
Here is another example.
The doctor who advised Lyubov Egorova on nutrition issues once noticed: - After the ill fated disqualification, she is scared to such an extent that she does not take any medications at all.
But she has a hemoglobin level from God 160 units.
And in high altitude conditions, it grows to 165 at all.
I fully admit that Lyuba's successful career was largely connected with this.
After the introduction of the EPO test, Egorova was regularly checked, they found an excess of the permissible norm, there were no traces of erythropoietin, but she had no right to go to the start.
The European champion speed skater Dmitry Shepel got into a similar situation a year ago.
At the World Cup stages, he was suspended from the starts until Russian doctors collected a huge amount of all kinds of archival information confirming that the unusually high level of hemoglobin in Shepel was congenital, inherited from his parents.
And only at the Games in Salt Lake City, the athlete was left alone.
Paradoxically, even the most ordinary training can be easily summed up under the existing definition of doping.
Contributes to the growth of achievements?
Absolutely.
Can it harm your health?
Quite.
And it is really not clear what is more dangerous: to scoop out the reserves of the body to the rest or to provide a certain margin of safety with the help of medicine.
I remember the words of one of the sports doctors: - Every time one of the riders is caught using prohibited means, I want to say to the one who catches them: 'You yourself sit in the saddle and pedal 15 stages of 200 kilometers.
And I'll see what happens to you - without pharmacology.
And I wonot pump it out when you die.'
Another sports doctor, who happened to work on the Tour de France, said: "This is not just a race - it's all about survival.
It is necessary to drive 4000 kilometers in 21 days.
Overcome more than 30 mountain passes.
Sometimes riders have to spend 8-9 hours a day in the saddle, in the heat, and they spend up to 10 thousand kilocalories, sometimes consuming up to 10 liters of water.
But you canot eat and drink so much!
This means that it is necessary to provide compensation in some way, protecting a person from excessive loads.
Endless anti doping raids on cyclists have led to the fact that the level of wrestling at the largest professional races has been rapidly falling in recent years.
What can we talk about if the leader of the Giro this year was 37 year old Jens Heppner, who spent most of his career performing the duties of a greg in Telecom, for quite a long time?
The winner of last year's Giro, Gilberto Simoni, was disqualified for cocaine, and the year before last - Stefano Garzelli for a small amount of diuretic.
The career of Marco Pantani ended with disqualification - the rider was removed from the almost won multi day race, having discovered after one of the stages an excess of the hemoglobin level.
The same fate befell Dario Frigo, whom experts unanimously called the rising star of Italian professional cycling.
He came under last year's police raid, which found syringes and ampoules in the athletes ' hotel rooms.
The driver was not saved even by the fact that during his career none of his tests gave a positive result.
Outstanding Italian cyclist, two time world champion and winner of the Giro Gianni Bunyo was forced to retire from the sport after being disqualified for an increased content of the male hormone testosterone in the body.
Then he was acquitted, proving that the same innate feature took place.
But Bunyo did not want to return to the sport.
VOTE OF NO CONFIDENCE Six years ago, when I first became interested in the doping topic, I also heard this opinion expressed by a fairly authoritative specialist: 'If an athlete is caught on doping, for me it primarily means the lack of professionalism of his doctor and coach.'
Often this is true.
I will return to the grandiose scandal at the World Ski Racing Championships in Lahti, when the leaders of the Finnish national team were disqualified for manipulating blood.
At that championship, the Finns did not hide that they wanted not just to win a certain number of medals, but to crush everyone and everything.
In the preparation, everything that is possible was used: both drugs that increase hemoglobin, and alpine houses that simulate the rarefied air of the highlands (which, as is known, significantly increases the content of red blood cells in the blood).
As a result, the level of hemoglobin in athletes increased to such an extent that no legal methods helped to reduce it to normal in the days remaining before the championship.
There was only one option: to declare that there was food poisoning in the team, and already legally clean the blood with HES hemodesis.
Of course, there would be a lot of suspicions and backstage gossip in this case.
Apparently, they were afraid of this - they decided that it would somehow work out.
It didnot work out.
Was it possible to hush up the scandal?
Taking into account the fact that the samples were analyzed by a home Finnish laboratory, - easily!
Why wasnot this done?
I can only make assumptions.
Skiing in Finland is the main sport, a national treasure.
Accordingly, there are huge state injections.
But before the championship, another party came to power in the country - and therefore to money -.
The sports management was changed.
The scandal, inflated to colossal proportions, looked very much like an elementary settling of accounts with its predecessors.
An indirect confirmation is a bag with the inscription Suomi thrown at the bus stop closest to the location of the Finnish national team and stuffed with syringes and empty ampoules.
So it turns out that the whole fight against doping in the form in which it exists has nothing to do with true concern for athletes.
They are nothing more than pawns.
Or, if you want, hostages in someone else's game.
A characteristic fact: for two and a half years of the existence of the so called World Anti Doping Agency (WADA), no international sports federation has opposed its actions, despite the controversial and imperfect methods used.
It is more expensive for yourself - they will accuse you of supporting those who are not clean on the hand.
Therefore, the decision of the FIFA congress, taken before the start of the current World Cup, not to allow WADA to participate in these competitions looked very scandalous.
"We rejected the services of WADA for the reason that they do not have specialists with sufficient qualifications," FIFA President Sepp Blatter said.
The FIFA medical Commission has been entrusted with dealing with doping control issues.
However, experts already predict that there will be no doping scandals at the World Cup.
But not because prohibited means are not used in football.
This is primarily dictated by common sense.
No one will allow killing the most expensive sport, just as Finnish skiing was killed.
Elena VAITSEKHOVSKAYA
http://www.sport express.ru
Published: 08/10/2003
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