Ayn Rand
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Ayn Rand Ayn Rand
Birth name: Alice Zinovievna Rosenbaum
Date of birth: February 2 1905(1905-02-02)[1][2]
Place of birth: Saint Petersburg[1]
Date of death: March 6 1982(1982-03-06)[1][2] (77 years)
Place of death: New York[1]
Citizenship (citizenship): USA
The Russian Empire
THE USSR
Occupation: novelist, philosopher
Direction: Political novel
Genre: Dystopia
Language of works: English
Debut: "We are the Living" (1936)
Signature:
Ayn Rand Institute Works in Wikitek Files on Wikimedia Commons
Ayn Rand (eng.
Ayn Rand [aɪnæænd]; born Alice Zinovievna Rosenbaum; February 2, 1905, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire — March 6, 1982, New York, USA) was an American writer of Russian origin and a philosopher, the creator of the philosophical direction of objectivism.
Content
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1 Biography 2 Literary creativity 3 Philosophy and Political views 4 The fate of Heritage 5 Books 5.1 Works of Art 5.2 Non fiction literature
6 Articles 7 Film Adaptations 8 Notes 9 Literature 10 References 11 Videos 12 See also
Biography[edit / edit wiki text]
Alice Zinovievna Rosenbaum was born in St. Petersburg, in the family of a pharmacist Zalman Wolf (Zinovy Zakharovich) Rosenbaum (1869, Brest Litovsk between 1941-1943, Leningrad) and his wife, dental technician Hana Berkovna (Anna Borisovna) Kaplan (1880, St. Petersburg — November 1941, Leningrad) [3], the eldest among three daughters (Alice, Natalia and Nora)[4][5][6].
Zinovy Zakharovich served as the manager of pharmacies owned by Anna Borisovna's sister — Dobrula Kaplan and her husband Ezekiel Kongame, where in 1904 he met his future wife the daughter of a tailor, the owner of a large enterprise for sewing military uniforms Boris (Berka Itskovich) Kaplan and pharmacist Rosalia Pavlovna Kaplan.
Soon after the birth of his youngest daughter Nora in 1910, Zinovy Zakharovich became the manager of a large pharmacy of Alexander Klinge on Nevsky Prospekt and Znamenskaya Square, and the family moved to a spacious apartment on the second floor of the mansion above the pharmacy.
The third floor was occupied by the family of another sister of Anna Borisovna Elizabeth and her husband a famous St. Petersburg gynecologist and medical scientist[7] Isaac Moiseevich Guzarchik (1864 -?).
Already in 1912, Zinovy Zakharovich became a co owner and in 1914 the sole owner of this pharmacy, whose staff now included 6 pharmacist assistants, 3 interns and several assistants.
Alice learned to read and write at the age of 4[8].
She began writing short stories as a child[9].
Alice studied at the M. N. Stoyunina Girls ' Gymnasium together with Olga, the sister of the famous writer Vladimir Nabokov[10].
In 1917, after the revolution in Russia, the property of Zinovy Rosenbaum was confiscated, and the family moved to the Crimea, where Alice graduated from school in Yevpatoria[11].
On October 2, 1921, Alice entered the Petrograd University with a degree in social pedagogy for a three year course combining history, philology and law[12].
During her studies, she got acquainted with the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche, which had a great influence on her[9].
She graduated from the university in the spring of 1924[12].
According to some sources, she was expelled from the university because of her "bourgeois origin" [13].
In 1925, the first printed work of Alice Rosenbaum "Paula Negri" was published as a separate book in the series "Popular Cinema Library" — an essay on the work of a popular film actress.
In 1925, she received a visa to study in the United States, in January 1926, she moved through Riga to Berlin (where her cousin, doctor Vera Guzarchik lived) and at the end of February arrived in Chicago, where she settled with her mother's cousins who lived there.
Her parents remained in Leningrad and died during the blockade during the Great Patriotic War[10].
Both sisters also remained in the USSR.
Natalia Zinovievna Rosenbaum (1907-1945) graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory.
Eleonora Zinovievna Rosenbaum (married Drobysheva, 1910-1999) emigrated to the United States in 1973 at the invitation of Ayn Rand, but soon returned to the Soviet Union and lived in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) until her death.
Alice's first love is a graduate of the Leningrad Institute of Technology Lev Borisovich Beckerman (1901-1937, Leo Kovalensky in her novel "We are Alive") he was shot on May 6, 1937.
Alice stayed in the United States and began working as a statistician in Hollywood.
The four ready made screenplays that she brought from Russia did not interest American film producers.
In 1929, she married the film actor Frank O'Connor (1897-1979) [14].
On March 13, 1931, she received American citizenship[15].
In 1927, the studio where Ayn Rand worked was closed and until 1932 she was interrupted by various temporary jobs: as a waitress, a newspaper subscription saleswoman, and then as a costume designer at the RKO Pictures studio.
In 1932, she managed to sell the script of "The Red Pawn" to the Universal Studios film company.
Red Pawn) for $ 1,500, which at that time was a considerable amount.
This money allowed her to leave her job and focus on literary activities.
Ayn Rand's Grave
Ayn Rand died of heart failure on March 6, 1982.
She is buried at the Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla (New York).
Literary creativity[edit / edit wiki text]
Rand wrote her first short story in English- "The Husband I Thought" - in 1926, it was the first year of her life in the United States.
The story was not published until 1984[16].
In 1936, in America, and in 1937 in the UK, Ayn Rand's first novel "We are the Living" was published about the life of the deprived in the USSR.
Rand gave a lot of effort to work on the novel: she wrote it for six years.
However, the critics met the novel coolly, American readers also did not show much interest in the book.
In 1942, the Mussolini regime, without the author's knowledge, sanctioned the film adaptation of the novel, considering it a criticism of Soviet communism[13].
The leading actors of Italian cinema were engaged in the film.
In the following years, the total circulation of the book reached 2 million copies[17].
In 1937, she wrote a short story "The Anthem", which was published in the UK in 1938.
The second major novel "The Source" was published in 1943, and the third - "Atlas Shrugged" - in 1957.
After Atlanta, Rand began writing philosophical books: "For a New Intellectual" (1961), "The Virtue of Egoism" (1964), " Capitalism: an Unknown Ideal "(1966)," The New Left: the Anti Industrial Revolution "(1971)," Introduction to the Philosophy of Cognition of Objectivism "(1979)," Philosophy: Who Needs It " (1982) and many others, as well as lecturing at American universities.
Philosophy and political views[edit / edit wiki text]
Ayn Rand is the founder of the philosophical trend of rational individualism, which opposes collectivism.
Rand expressed her philosophical views through the ideal of a creative person who lives exclusively at the expense of his creative abilities and talent.
In politics, Ayn Rand was a supporter of unlimited capitalism and a minimal state, and considered the only legitimate function of the state to protect human rights (including property rights).
On October 20, 1947, Rand testified as a witness to the Commission of Inquiry on Un American Activities in connection with the film "Song about Russia"[18].
In her testimony, Rand regarded this film as communist propaganda.
In general, she believed that persecution in connection with the expression of communist views was contrary to freedom of speech, but at the same time she believed that the State had the right to know who was a member of a party that promoted violence to achieve political goals.
At the same time, she supported private measures to reduce the penetration of communist ideology into the cinema.
She spoke about this [19]:
The principle of freedom of speech requires ... that we do not adopt laws prohibiting [communists] from speaking.
However, the principle of freedom of speech... does not mean that we are obliged to give them work and support our own destruction at our own expense.
Original text (English) [show]
The principle of free speech requires … that we do not pass laws forbidding [Communists] to speak.
But the principle of free speech … does not imply that we owe them jobs and support to advocate our own destruction at our own expense.
Rand's objectivism had a profound impact on the libertarian movement.
David Nolan, one of the founders of the Libertarian Party, stated that "without Ayn Rand, the libertarian movement would not exist"[20].
Rand herself has never considered herself a libertarian and has spoken extremely negatively about it.
"I donot want to waste my time on this.
This is a cheap attempt to get famous, " she said in 1973 after a lecture in Boston, answering a question about her position in the Libertarian Party.
She believed that libertarians " steal her ideas, mix them with the perfect opposite — religious fanaticism, anarchism and other intellectual nonsense that they can find — and then call themselves libertarians and claim the presidency.
This is the worst abuse of ideas and philosophy as such" (Boston, Ford Hall Forum, 1976) [21].
Linking libertarianism with anarchism, Rand did not recognize that her goals coincided with the goals of libertarians, and did not seek an alliance with them:
Please donot say that they are pursuing my goals.
I donot ask for or accept help from intellectual geeks.
I need people who are philosophically educated — people who understand my ideas, are not indifferent to them and interpret them correctly…
I reject the vile slogan "The end justifies the means"...
The end does not justify the means — it is impossible to achieve good by bad means.
Finally, libertarians do not deserve the title of "means" for any purpose, and even more so for the purpose of spreading objectivism.
- Boston, Fordhall Forum, 1981[22]
The fate of heritage[edit / edit wiki text]
In the West, the name Rand is widely known[8][23][24][25][26][27] as the creator of the philosophy of objectivism, based on the principles of reason, individualism, reasonable egoism and being the intellectual justification of capitalist values in contrast to the socialism popular during the years of her active writing (1936-1982).
Her novel "Anthem" (Anthem) became a source of inspiration for Neil Pert, the drummer of the Canadian rock band "Rush", who wrote the lyrics to the song of the same name.
Also, the works of Ayn Rand served as the inspiration for the triple platinum (sold more than 3 million copies) album "Rush" "2112" (1976), which is dedicated to Ayn Rand.
According to a survey of 5,000 members of the Book of the Month Club, conducted by Information Analysis System Corporation in 1991 for the Library of Congress and for the Book of the Month Club, Atlas Shrugged was recognized as the second book after the Bible that most strongly influenced the lives of the respondents[28].
As of 2007, the total circulation of "Atlanta" was more than 6.5 million copies.
According to a survey by Zogby International conducted in November 2008, 8.1% of American adults read the novel[29].
A number of organizations in the United States and other countries are engaged in the study and promotion of Ayn Rand's literary and philosophical heritage: the Ayn Rand Institute in Irvine (California) and the Atlas Society.
Well known fans of Ayn Rand in Russia are economist Andrey Illarionov, businessman Evgeny Chichvarkin, writer and journalist Yulia Latynina[30].
Russian poet and writer Alexey Tsvetkov, who emigrated to the United States in 1975, notes the unprecedented popularity of Ayn Rand's work in the United States, especially among students, and regrets the fact that she is little known in Russia.
In his opinion, the popularity of Rand's novels is due not only to their inherent "adventurousness and dashing", "with all the cardboard and one dimensional characters", but mainly attractive in adolescence.
the lack of personal success, narcissism, as well as extreme selfishness, allegedly characteristic of great personalities[31].
Tsvetkov critically assesses the ethical concept of Rand Rosenbaum, seeing in it a direct borrowing from the theory of "reasonable egoism" by Pisarev and Chernyshevsky, who were influenced by the views of the English philosopher of the early XVIII century, Bernard Mandeville, whom his contemporaries considered a cynic.
In an article dated October 20, 2012, The Economist magazine notes that, despite the abundance of criticism of Ayn Rand, there is an increase in the popularity of her books[32].
The largest share of adherents of the Rand philosophy are residents of the United States, however, according to Edward Hudgins of the Atlas Society, there is a noticeable increase in the interest of readers from other countries.
According to the Ayn Rand Institute (eng. Ayn Rand Institute), the majority of fans outside the United States are in the United Kingdom, Canada, India and Scandinavia.
So, in Sweden from 2005 to 2012, it was sold &&&&&&&&&&030000.
&&&&&030 000 copies of her books, and in India, the sales of Ayn Rand's books exceeded the sales of Karl Marx's works by 16 times[32].
Books[edit / edit wiki text]
Artistic works[edit / edit wiki text]
Ayn Rand.
Atlas straightened his shoulders (in 3 volumes) = Atlas Shrugged.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011.
- p. 1364 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1430-1.
Ayn Rand.
Atlas Shrugged his shoulders (in 3 volumes) = Atlas Shrugged / translated by D. V. Kostygin.
- Saint Petersburg: Cult inform press, 1997.
- 1000 copies.
Ayn Rand.
Source (in 2 volumes) = The Fountainhead.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011.
- P. 808 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1671-8.
Ayn Rand.
We are alive = We the Living.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2012.
- P. 473 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1752-4.
Ayn Rand.
The husband I bought = The husband I thought.
- Moscow: "AST", "Astrel SPb", 2011.
- p. 319 — - ISBN 978-5-271-38484-4.
Ayn Rand.
Anthem = Anthem.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1696-1.
Non fiction literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Ayn Rand.
The Virtue of egoism = The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011.
- p. 186 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1462-2.
Ayn Rand.
Return of the primitive.
Anti industrial Revolution = Return of the Primitive: The Anti Industrial Revolution.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011.
- p. 352 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1480-6.
Ayn Rand.
Capitalism.
Unfamiliar ideal = Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011.
- P. 424 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1471-4.
Ayn Rand.
A romantic manifesto.
Philosophy of Literature = The Romantic Manifesto: A Philosophy of Literature.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2011.
- p. 200 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1556-8.
Ayn Rand.
The art of fiction = The art of fiction.
- Moscow: "AST", "Astrel SPb", 2011.
- p. 319 — - ISBN 978-5-17-076672-7.
Ayn Rand; Ed.
Robert Mayu.
Answers: About ethics, art, politics and economics = Answers.
The Best of Her Q&A / Editor M. Savina.
- Moscow: Alpina Publisher, 2012.
- p. 282 — - ISBN 978-5-9614-1669-5.
Ayn Rand.
Think twice = Think twice.
- Moscow: "AST", "Astrel SPb", 2012.
- p. 319 — - ISBN 978-5-271-38691-6.
Ayn Rand.
The concept of egoism.
- Association of Businessmen of St. Petersburg, 1995.
- 128 p — - (Monuments of sound thought).
— ISBN 5-85186-038-3.
Ayn Rand.
The apology of capitalism.
- Moscow: "New literary Review", 2003 — - ISBN 5-86793-229 X. Ayn Rand.
Victim's sanction // InLiberty.ru, 2008.
Articles[edit / edit wiki text]
Rand A. Big Business the persecuted minority of American society // Inviolable reserve: A magazine.
- 2001.
- Vol. No. 1(15).
Rand A.
The origin of wars // The Freeman: A magazine.
- 1966.
- Vol. №11(16).
Film adaptations[edit / edit wiki text]
The novel "The Source" was filmed in 1949, the main role was played by Gary Cooper[33].
The novel "We are Alive" was filmed in 1942[34] and in 1986[35], and the film adaptation of the novel "Atlas Shrugged" was released in 2011[36].
Three novels of the writer and several plays were filmed, and Ayn Rand was also the screenwriter of the films "Love Letters", which received four Oscar nominations, and" You are Alone".
A total of 11 film adaptations based on the works and scripts of Ayn Rand took place[37].
The script of the computer game BioShock was created on the basis of the critical attitude of the creators of the game to the philosophy of Ayn Rand[38][39][40][41][42][43].
According to the scenario of the game, the founder of the city, Andrew Ryan (an anagram of the name of the writer Ayn Rand — And[rew] Ryan) embodies the ideas of the free market without external interference, which leads to the destruction of the city.
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ Show compactly
↑ Go to: 1 2 3 4 Record #118903012 / / Gemeinsame Normdatei — 2012-2015.
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q27302"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q304037"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q256507"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q170109"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q36578"></a>
↑ Go to: 1 2 Bibliothèque nationale de France: open data platform 2011.
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q20666306"></a>
A Ayn Rand and the World She Made (English).
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ Heller Anne C. Ayn Rand and the World She Made.
— New York: Doubleday, 2009.
— ISBN 978-0-385-51399-9.
↑ Britting Jeff.
Ayn Rand.
— New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2004.
— ISBN 1-58567-406-0.
Ис Isaac Moiseevich Guzarchik was an employee of the Imperial Clinical Midwifery (Obstetric and Gynecological) Institute in St. Petersburg, the author of the monograph "Capillary drainage of the uterus as a method of treating inflammatory diseases" (1898).
↑ Go to: 1 2 Jean Landram.
Ayn Rand: a macro oriented intuitionist / / Thirteen women who changed the world.
- Moscow: Phoenix, 1997 — - ISBN 5-222-00073-7.
↑ Go to: 1 2 Ayn Rand.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ Go to: 1 2 Etkind, V. Introductory note // Inviolable reserve: A magazine.
- 2001.
- Vol. No. 1(15).
↑ Biography of Ayn Rand (1905-1982)(unavailable link history).
↑ Go to: 1 2 Sciabarra, Chris Matthew (Fall 1999).
"The Rand Transcript"".
The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 1 (1): 1–26.
Перейти Go to: 1 2 Dashevsky G. Fiery capitalist / / Weekend: Magazine.
— 11.12.2009.
- Vol. # 48 (144).
↑ Frank O'Connor (English) on the Internet Movie Database site ↑ Ayn Rand Biographical FAQ.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ Chronology & Bibliography of Ayn Rand’s Life & Works.
Checked on January 20, 2010.
Али Alice from Wonderland.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ The full text of Ayn Rand's testimony for the Commission on the Investigation of Un American Activities (translated into Russian).
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
A Ayn Rand's HUAC Testimony (English).
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
Барб Barbara Branden, 1986, p. 414 ↑ Ayn Rand.
Answers., 2012, p. 93 ↑ Ayn Rand.
Answers., 2012, p. 94 ↑ Angelina Jolie will straighten her shoulders Atlanta.
Lenta.ru (September 21, 2006).
Checked on January 20, 2010.
Archived from the original source on February 15, 2012.
Кап Alice Rosenbaum's caprealism.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ 100 Best Novels.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
Ай Ayn Rand(unavailable link history).
in the Encyclopedia of Sociology ↑ Who is John Galt?.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ Michael Shermer.
The Mind of the Market.
(2008).
Times Books.
ISBN 0-8050-7832-0, p.
XX ↑ Out of love for Atlanta.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
Ж LJ Yulia Latynina — Questions and Answers of Yulia Latynina.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
Алексей Alexey Tsvetkov.
Dostoevsky and Ayn Rand // October.
- 2002.
- No. 3 ↑ Go to: 1 2 Ayn Rand: The individualist philosopher has fans in some unlikely countries (English).
The Economist (20 October 2012).
Verified on August 26, 2014.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
↑ The Fountainhead (English) on the Internet Movie Database website ↑ Addio Kira! (English)
on the website of the Internet Movie Database ↑ We the Living (English) on the website of the Internet Movie Database ↑ Atlas Shrugged (English) on the website of the Internet Movie Database ↑ Ayn Rand (English).
at the Internet Movie Database ↑ BioShock lets users take on fanaticism through fantasy (eng.).
//Boston.com ↑ Exclusive: Ken Levine on the making of Bioshock (eng.).
Archived from the original on November 30, 2012.
//"Rock, Paper, Shotgun" ↑ Irrational''s Big Daddy — Ken Levine (eng.).
Archived from the original on November 30, 2012.
//"Computer and videogames" ↑ Rationalizing Rapture with BioShock ' s Ken Levine (eng.).
Archived from the original on November 30, 2012.
//"Game Spy" ↑ "BioShock: Rapture Ainot Grand?" by Brad Cook (eng.).
Archived from the original on November 30, 2012.
//"Apple.com" ↑ Ken Levine/ The CGW interview (English).
Archived from the original source on December 1, 2012.
// "Free Games"
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Anne C. Heller.
Ayn Rand and the World She Made.
— Nan A. Talese, 2009.
— 592 p.
- ISBN 978-0385513999.
OCLC 863096063 LCC PS3535.A547 Z68 2009 LCCN 2008-27638 Gene Landram.
Ayn Rand: a macro oriented intuitionist / / Thirteen women who changed the world.
- Moscow: Phoenix, 1997 — - ISBN 5-222-00073-7.
Branden Barbara.
The Passion of Ayn Rand.
— Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1986.
— ISBN 0-385-19171-5.
Branden Nathaniel.
Who Is Ayn Rand?.
— New York: Random House, 1962.
— ISBN 0394451791.
Anton Vilgotsky.
Who is Ayn Rand?.
- Moscow: AST, 2015 — - ISBN 978-5-17-088264-9.
Nikiforova L., Ki zilov M.
The Crimean period in the life of the American writer Ayn Rand (Alice Rosenbaum) / / Judaica Ukrainica: A Collection.
- Kiev: Laurus, 2012.
- Vol. 1. - pp.
287-313 — - ISSN 2305-4034.
Allan Gotthelf, James G. Lennox (editors).
Metaethics, Egoism, and Virtue: Studies in Ayn Rand's Normative Theory.
— University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010.
— ISBN 0-8229-4400-6.
Allan Gotthelf.
On Ayn Rand.
— Wadsworth Publishing, 2000.
— 104 p.
— (Wadsworth Philosophers).
— ISBN 978-0-534-57625-7.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Ayn Rand in Wikicitatnik?
Ayn Rand in Wikitek?
Ayn Rand on Wikimedia Commons?
Ayn Rand: Love should be regarded as a business transaction.
The one who is weak is not worthy of love transcript of the video of the first part of the interview with Ayn Rand to Mike Wallace Ayn Rand: US politics is terrible, everything around us is destroyed, we are waiting for a catastrophe in the future — transcript of the video of the second part of the interview with Ayn Rand to Mike Wallace Who is John Galt?
Who is Ayn Rand?
- transcript of the video of the third part of Ayn Rand's interview with Mike Wallace Ayn Rand Institute.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012. (English)
Sergey Golubitsky.
Who is John Galt?.
Archived from the original source on November 30, 2012.
/ / "Business Journal" No. 16, August 17, 2004.
Alex Tarn.
The Triangle of Rationalism (Chernyshevsky Nabokov Rand).
Archived from the original source on December 1, 2012.
Chronology & Bibliography of Ayn Rand’s Life & Works.
The Amazing Ayn Rand Part 1 (inaccessible link history).
and part 2(inaccessible link history).
Archived from the original source on February 21, 2006.
Romanchuk Ya.
Ch.
Ayn Rand(unavailable link history).
in The Encyclopedia of Sociology, Powell D. Rose Wilder Lane, Isabel Paterson, and Ayn Rand.
Archived from the original source on December 1, 2012..
Ayn Rand's books were advertised with an inscription the size of the USA.
Archived from the original source on December 1, 2012.
Vladimir Paperny.
Alice in Wonderland.
Archived from the original source on January 24, 2013.
INTERVIEW OF THE PLAYBOY MAGAZINE WITH THE PHILOSOPHER AYN RAND.
libertynews.ru.
Verified on August 24, 2013.
Archived from the original source on August 25, 2013.
Video[edit / edit wiki text]
Ayn Rand's interview with Phil Donahue on YouTube (eng.)
The documentary Park Avenue, which criticizes the views of Ayn Rand on YouTube (eng.)
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
John Galt
[show] Ayn Rand Novels We Are Alive (1936 · * Anthem (1938) · The Source (1943) · Atlas Shrugged (1957) Non Fiction Books For New Intellectuals (1961 · * Introduction to the Epistemology of Objectivism (1979) · The Art of Fiction (2000) Screenplays The Red Pawn (1932) · Love Letters (1945) · You Came Together (1945) · Source (1949) Essay The Virtue of Egoism (1964 · * Capitalism:The Unknown Ideal (1966 · * The Romantic Manifesto (1969) · The New Left: The Anti Industrial Revolution (1971) · Philosophy: Who Needs It (1982) · The Voice of Reason (1989) · The Night of January 16 (1934) * The Early Ayn Rand (1984) · Letters of Ayn Rand (1995) · Magazines of Ayn Rand (1997) · The Objectivist (magazine) Philosophy Objectivism · Objectivist Movement · Libertarianism and Objectivism · Libertarian Parties · Heroes of Ayn Rand Biographies of Ayn Rand and the World She Created · Ayn Rand:
The Meaning of Life · Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical · The Goddess of the Market * Doomsday: My Years with Ayn Rand · The Passion of Ayn Rand (book) · The Passion of Ayn Rand (film) Film Adaptations We Are the Living (1937 · * The Source (1949) · Atlas Shrugged: Part 1 (2011) · Atlas Shrugged: Part 2 (2012) · Atlas Shrugged: Part 3 (2014)
Thematic sites
Notable Names Database · Internet Movie Database · MusicBrainz · Project Gutenberg · Internet Speculative Fictio
