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Biographies of famous people "Scientists" Biography of Charles Darwin
Biography of Charles Darwin
Date of birth: February 12, 1809 Date of death: April 19, 1882 Place of birth: Shrewsbury, Shropshire, family estate Mount House, England
Charles Darwin is a scientist and traveler.
Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in a wealthy English family in Shrewsbury.
Robert – the father of the future traveler and naturalist was a successful doctor and financier, so the family lived in prosperity.
His mother, Suzanne, died when Charles was only eight, so he hardly remembered her.
The school years seemed very long to the boy, since he was not interested in the school curriculum and the subjects there.
He studied reluctantly.
But since childhood, he was interested in nature, the world around him, various studies.
He had collections of shells, insects and minerals.
He loved fishing and hunting.
In 1825, Charles ' father realizes that the school does not give an uninterested son absolutely nothing, so he sends him straight to the University of Edinburgh.
But young Charles did not want to study to be a doctor either.
The lectures seemed to him monotonous and incredibly boring.
Darwin studied at the first university for only two years.
His father did not abandon his efforts to give his son a good education, and later – in 1828 Charles entered the theological faculty at the University of Cambridge, but here he is still haunted by the same problem: lack of interest in the subjects studied there.
He does not want to waste his time on useless, from his point of view, training and continues to be interested in collecting, nature, hunting and fishing.
With grief, he graduated from the university in 1831.
I became one of those students who, after graduation, did not have a sufficient level of knowledge, even though they were satisfactory.
But the young Darwin was lucky, and he was noticed by Professor of botany John Henslow, who saw in the boy the potential to study in the field of plant science and natural science.
Charles receives an invitation to an expedition that will be made to South America.
Delighted with the opening prospects, Darwin gladly accepts this invitation.
The expedition began in 1831 (departure on the ship "Beagle"), and it lasted for five years.
They visited Brazil, Chile, Argentina, the Galapagos Islands and Peru.
This was exactly the kind of work to which Darwin gave himself completely and without a trace.
He performed admirably the duties assigned to him as an explorer and an expedition naturalist.
He carefully studied the flora and fauna of the areas visited by the expedition.
His collection of minerals and fossils has been greatly enriched.
Darwin also compiled a number of herbariums.
He recorded every day spent by the expedition in these lands.
It was his diary that later became useful to the researcher in writing his scientific papers.
In the autumn of 1836, the journey was completed.
Darwin collected a huge amount of material for his further research, which took as much as twenty years.
A little later, he released a diary from his journey, which turned into a popular book among the public.
Darwin lived in Cambridge for a while, but after a few months he moved to London.
He becomes a member of the scientific community and for five years prefers to communicate exclusively with scientists.
However, the freedom loving Darwin is oppressed by the city.
Despite this, this period of Charles ' life has become very fruitful: he works hard, conducts discussions and speaks in the community of scientists.
Soon he was elected honorary Secretary of the Geological Society.
In 1839, Darwin married his cousin, Miss Emma Wedgwood.
However, Charles ' health begins to give way to diseases.
He's getting weaker.
In 1842, he decided to leave as far as possible from the oppressive city and move to the Dawn estate, which he had recently acquired.
It is here that he has been living calmly and steadily for forty years.
Charles communicates with relatives, walks, observes nature, studies it, reads letters.
At the same time, he does not leave his research and continues to work.
His father's inheritance fully compensated for all of Darwin's expenses.
This money was enough to completely devote himself to scientific works.
However, Charles also received good revenue for the books he wrote.
He develops science in every possible way, investing money in it, financially supports scientists in need.
Thus, a lot of money went out of the family budget.
In 1859, Charles published, perhaps, the most famous work: "The origin of species by natural selection".
Many scandals broke out around this book at that time.
Until then, it was accepted in the world that everything on Earth was created by God, as it is written in the Bible.
Darwin was the first to suggest that nature and various species evolved over millions of years.
However, despite the public rejection, the book became a success.
For a while, Darwin focuses exclusively on the plant world.
In 1862, his book "Pollination of Orchids" was published.
A little later, he works and publishes his works "Insectivorous plants" and "Climbing Plants".
His works brought considerable popularity, and society began to treat these studies and discoveries more favorably.
In 1864, he was awarded the Kople Gold Medal, and three years later he received the Roig le merite the Prussian award.
In addition, Darwin becomes an honorary correspondent of the St. Petersburg Academy.
Charles was a doctor at the Universities of Leiden, Bonn and Breslau.
He becomes the owner of numerous awards.
Towards the end of his life, he really got rich, thanks to his books.
But the more money Darwin received, the more he spent on the needs of the world of science.
But I was completely indifferent to the awards.
In 1882, Darwin died.
Achievements of Charles Darwin:
The first one who put forward and justified his assumption about evolution and that all living organisms, one way or another, have common ancestors in their roots.
Significant financial and scientific contribution to the development of genetics.
It was Darwin who proved that it is possible to change species by artificial intervention.
The scientist's ideas are the basis for modern biology.
Although his theory about the origin of man was rejected, but its essence lives to this day.
Many continue to adhere to it.
Dates from the biography of Charles Darwin:
1809 birth.
1817 enters full time school.
1818 enters Shrewsbury School.
1825 Edinburgh University.
1828 – in search of a purpose for his son, his father transfers him to the University of Cambridge.
1831-1836 - expedition on the "Beagle".
1838 he was elected secretary to the London Geological Society.
1839 marries.
1842 moves from London, which bored him, to Down, where he settles on his estate.
He writes and publishes the monograph "Zoology of Travel".
1859 publishes "The Origin of species by natural selection".
1868 the book "Changing domestic animals and cultivated plants".
It is called a supplement to the work "The Origin of Species".
1871 the work "The Origin of man and sexual selection"is published.
19.04.1882 - death.
Interesting facts about Charles Darwin:
The clergy called Darwin a blasphemer and held lectures in schools, trying to find the most reasoned accusations against the scientist.
Victor Pelevin introduced Darwin as the main character in his story "The Origin of Species".
Darwin was defended by many enlightened people of Russia at that time, including Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
Charles is recognized as one of the most outstanding Englishmen of all time.
Darwin himself never tried to convince supporters of other views, because he doubted his own discoveries, calling them only hypotheses.
In 2009, a film about the life of Darwin was released under the direction of director John Amiel.
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