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You are here Home "Recommendations" Landscape design " Styles in landscape design
Styles in landscape design
Styles in landscape design.
Styles in garden design can be divided into historically established and modern.
Historically established styles.
Regular style.
Perhaps the most famous for us is the regular (aka formal, French, classical) style.
The world famous and well preserved parks in France and Russia are an excellent example of the use of a regular style.
The main idea of classicism is "man is the king of nature", everything around should obey his will and reason.
The main feature of regular style parks is the presence of symmetry, geometry and symmetry in everything.
A mandatory feature of such parks is clipped hedges, topiary forms, straight paths, verified with mathematical accuracy.
Landscape style.
A little later in the UK there was a Landscape (aka English, natural, free.
It appeared as a protest against everything French, including regular.
The main feature of this style is the imitation of nature, the creation of a landscape that imitates the natural one.
Paths of smooth outlines should lead a person walking from one kind of landscape to another.
And the creators of the parks certainly wanted to surprise him every groove with unexpectedly beautiful views that open around the turn of the path.
One of the best preserved landscape parks in the CIS is the Catherine and Pavlovsky parks near St. Petersburg , Tsaritsinsky in Moscow, Sofiyevka and the Arboretum of Alexandria in Ukraine.
Country style Originated in America, country style has become widespread in many countries of the world.
And in every country, the "country" style has its own special flavor, which is based on local folklore.
The garden in this style is modest, slightly careless and cheerful , it is a rustic garden, and at the same time it is quite comfortable.
Firstly, such a garden is the most economical, and secondly it does not require careful maintenance.
It is not necessary to have a neat lawn, it is replaced by simple and natural lawns of unpretentious grasses, clover, dandelions, daisies and veronica.
And the lush flower beds in such a garden seem to grow by themselves, naturally displacing weeds.
And the placement of ornamental plants, accessories and other elements of garden design can be completely arbitrary and unexpected.
Natural materials are appropriate here.
These are usually clay, wood and natural stone.
In such a garden, fruit trees, berry bushes, and a vegetable garden are always very important and mandatory elements.
When creating a Slavic country garden, a fence with pots, baskets, cast iron pots, wooden fences, picket fences (or their imitation in miniature, vases from wheelbarrows with summer flowers, troughs, basins, a scarecrow for the garden and samovars with flowers, cart wheels are often used to give the garden a rustic flavor.
For the design of buildings, wood carvings are used.
While in the Dutch cottage garden wooden shoes are used as a characteristic accessory, in the Slavic one, you can use bast shoes, horseshoes, or find old galoshes in the shed for use as a container for planting annuals.
And as a stand for flowers, an old sled can be appropriate.
The Chinese garden is primarily a landscape garden, in which some architectural forms should have a special, symbolic meaning.
Water is always a mandatory element of any Chinese garden.
Reservoirs should not have a lining.
The path seems to wind over the water itself, bridges are thrown over the streams.
The quiet surface of the water is covered with water lilies, pods.
Stone is an element created by nature, but stone can be processed by hands.
The correct location of the stones in the garden is equivalent to the introduction of the garden space into the cosmic cycle.
And only through the stone, the garden can and should become a miniature world.
Special elements, characteristic only for the Chinese tradition, are artificial slides made of stones devoid of vegetation.
And through the windows or doorway, the garden should open to the house, and the house to the garden.
A traditional Chinese garden always has a rich floral composition.
And the vegetation in the garden is also symbolic.
The pine tree, which is a symbol of nobility, is put in the first place.
Plum and peach are "trees of happiness".
In Chinese gardens, the presence of bamboo, gingko, willow, and poplar is mandatory.
The color scheme of the garden should be quite restrained.
Special attention should be paid to the shapes, nuances of light, shadow.
The lawn, like an empty space – is an absolutely alien element that does not fit into the Chinese tradition.
Japanese style The main difference of a Japanese garden is its smallness, as a rule, it does not take up much space.
All elements of a Japanese garden should be symbolic and full of hidden meaning.
A large stone, for example, can be a symbol of a rock or cliff, and paths paved in the form of waves will turn into a"sea".
Stones, plants and also water are the main components.
Their distribution in space is subject to certain laws : for example, the lines connecting 2 elements should not be parallel, there should not be two elements of the same size.
The creation of a garden begins with the selection of appropriate stones, which should be located in the garden in groups consisting of 5 – 3 pieces.
The main principle is the balance of the elements.
Choose 3 main stones – 1 central and 2 subordinate.
These three stones should form an irregular triangle.
In the event that they want to complicate the group, it is supplemented with stones, according to the criteria of decorativeness and the rule of a strong hand.
Stones and small architectural forms are deliberately "aged".
The basis and an example to follow when creating a Japanese garden is a natural landscape.
This corner of nature is intended for contemplation and reflection, and therefore the role of every detail in it is defined.
The purpose of the Japanese garden is to create an opportunity to abandon your own thoughts, to know the beauty and infinity of the world.
Moorish style Gardens in the Moorish style are also called Muslim gardens.
Such gardens are designed for a leisurely rest, where water flows, fountains murmur softly, flowers are fragrant, and birds sing in golden cages.
Getting into such a garden, a person feels like in paradise.
In Muslim countries, gardens were indeed associated with paradise.
Muslim gardens were very strictly regulated by Islamic laws.
Moorish gardens are a "different" world filled with the murmur of water, the shade of trees, the singing of birds and it is necessarily separated by a high stone wall from the surrounding world – the heat of the desert.
In the layout of such a garden, there is always geometry and straight lines.
Thematic styles
The above mentioned country, Japanese, Chinese and Moorish styles can also be attributed to thematic ones.
A thematic style is a style that creates the atmosphere and mood of a chosen country or area, or even just a "free essay on a chosen topic".
It can be Mediterranean style, Italian style, Russian garden, etc.
It can also be a romantic garden and a joke garden...
2. Modern styles.
The Art Nouveau style is also known as "Art Nouveau", as well as "liberty".
And although this style appeared at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries – it remains relevant and modern in the landscape.
The garden in this style was an open room adjacent to the house and devoid of any architectural decorations.
The purpose of such a garden is a "car for housing".
And for this reason, it should have both a tennis court and a swimming pool.
As a rule, the layout of such a garden is geometric, but not adhering to symmetrical.
The motto of garden art Nouveau can be called the postulate - "the less, the better".
A characteristic feature of this style is symbolism, rather pronounced individuality, rhythmic and smooth lines of the layout.
In Art Nouveau, you can see a combination of European and Eastern artistic traditions.
In such a garden, there are fewer elements, if compared with an eastern garden, there is also a small set of plants, the presence of accessories is minimal.
However, as in the regular style, the layout is always subordinate to the central point the house.
A characteristic feature of Art Nouveau is a series of open spaces that diverge from the dwelling.
Postmodernism This style was also called "new design".
One of the postulates of postmodernism is that "Complexity and inconsistency" is preferable to super simplicity and "minimalism".
Both irony and metaphor are appropriate here.
Postmodern gardens are distinguished by their asymmetry and free layout, as well as a non standard, creative approach to design.
Both sculpture and small architectural forms here should be bold and even bizarre.
The style often draws a lot from completely different historical and cultural periods, boldly combining what previously seemed incongruous and inappropriate.
Hi tech High tech style in landscape design is a relatively new direction, but it absolutely meets the spirit of the time.
Hi tech has obvious advantages - it is convenient for life, harmonious and easy to care for, perfectly suitable for busy people, since it does not require much time to maintain a style and image.
The materials used in most cases in this style are modern materials: concrete, glass, metal, plastic, mirrors.
The use of wood is appropriate, but its processing must necessarily emphasize the texture of the material.
The layout of the site in the high tech style is expressive lines.
The tracks can be straight or zigzag.
In paving, slabs of the correct geometric shape are very often used.
In this style, both symmetry and asymmetry are allowed.
Trees with laconic crown shapes are used in landscaping — slender junipers and thuja, pyramidal firs.
Balls, cubes, strict hedges made of suitable plants for cutting - boxwood, thuja , hornbeam, as well as other trees and shrubs are widely used in high tech.
Flower beds, as a rule, are not large, and they should not be variegated, spectacular plants are appropriate here: hosts , ferns, Siberian irises.
Quite interesting and unusual is the use of glass, mirrors, mesh, pipes.
In high tech, unusual artificial reservoirs are appropriate, which are decorated with metal and concrete, and glass balls can be used to decorate flower beds and rock gardens.
Minimalism What are the main slogans of minimalism ?
Laconically.
Simply.
Expressive.
Perhaps this style is one of the most difficult, since, having a minimum of details in the arsenal, it is necessary, nevertheless, to express a lot, and it is necessary to ensure that the space itself"sounds".
The motto of minimalism can be considered such concepts as spaciousness, geometry and simplicity.
Any materials can be used here - both traditional and modern, a lot of paving understates the area, the presence of relief differences is desirable – you can use the existing ones on the site or "organize".
The main rule is the uniformity and texture of the material, it is very undesirable to combine them within a single zone.
The gazebo looks like a simple canopy, or as a canopy with a back wall.
A hedge can also cope with the role of such a wall.
Outbuildings on such a site are either absent, or they are not visible.
Here is a set of elements that are appropriate in a minimalist garden : large fields of paving stones, boulders, multi level wooden decking, mulch of crushed stone and pebbles, raised geometric reservoirs(preferably with some interesting detail) or wide water cascades.
There is almost always a lot of concrete or brick, clear shapes and lines are required, light color, an unusual combination of elements in the space and an inappropriately small number of details.
Flower beds are created raised, and there are not many of them.
The lawn is simple, often rectangular, without decorations, but you can do without it.
Containers for plants are in the form of cubes or cylinders, preferably steel or in white (gray, black)ceramics, there are also a few of them.
Preferably, the containers should be the same.
The steps may well be unusual - triangular, in an arc or with a shift, but then the other elements should be as calm and background as possible.
An abstract sculpture is quite appropriate, but it should be one.
Balls, mirrors, snags of expressive shape, bamboo trunks can serve as a decor element, but there are a minimum of details, everything is very concise.
Naturgarden The name of the style in German means "natural garden".
Its main difference is primarily its environmental friendliness.
This trend is one of the most popular and modern in Europe and is in tune with the trends of progressive humanity in the struggle for the preservation of our nature and the planet.
The followers of naturgarden strive to arrange mini ecosystems on their site, in which plants can coexist according to the same principles as in nature.
If the terrain of the site is heterogeneous, then a small pond can be organized in its low lying part, and an open and sunny area can be taken under the lawn.
Plants should do without human help and grow without weeding, molding and planting.
The compositions of an ecological garden, like natural groups of plants, do not have clear outlines, there can be no borders.
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