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Jeanne D'Ark Biographies / Famous Namesakes / Names / Patronymic names / Name and patronymic / Horoscopes / Tests/ Events / Table of Contents / Home Joan of Arc biography
Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans — a folk heroine of France.
From a peasant family.
During the Hundred Years ' War, the war is a socio political phenomenon associated with a radical change in the nature of relations between states and nations and the transition of the warring parties from the use of non violent forms and methods of struggle (resolving contradictions) to the direct use of weapons and other violent means to achieve certain political and economic goals.
In its inner essence, war is a continuation of the policy of States and their ruling elites by means of armed violence.
1337-1453 led the struggle of the French people against the English invaders, in 1429 she liberated Orleans from the siege.
In 1430, Bourgogne, the Duchy of Burgundy, a historical region in France, in the Seine basin, was captured by the Burgundians.
It forms most of the administrative region of Burgundy (the departments of Côte d'Or, Saône and Loire and the northern part of Yonne).
Sometimes Burgundy also includes the County of Burgundy, known as the historical region of Franche Comté.
On the territory of Burgundy — the departments of Cote d'Or, Saone and Loire, Nièvre, Yonne.
31.8 thousand km2.
The population of 1.6 million people (1987).
The main city is Dijon., who sold it to the British, who declared Jeanne d'Ark was a sorceress and brought to the church court.
Heresy accused of heresy (from the Greek hairesis — a special creed) is a trend in Christianity that deviates from the official church doctrine in the field of dogma and cult.
The greatest development was achieved in the Middle Ages.
Among the most significant: the heresies of the Pavlikians, Cathars, Waldensians, Lollards, Taborites; in Russia — Strigolnikov.
In a figurative sense — a deviation from something accepted in society as indisputable; an error., burned at the stake in Rouen.
In 1920, she was canonized by the Catholic Church.
Visions of Jeanne Dark Jeanne d'Ark was born on January 6, 1412 in Domremi, in a peasant family.
Her childhood [en] fell on a difficult period for Francifrance (France) — the French Republic (Republique Francaise), a state in Western Europe.
It is washed from the west and north by the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel, from the south by the Mediterranean Sea.
It borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Andorra.
The English Channel (under which a tunnel is currently dug) and the Pas de Calais Border with Great Britain passes through the Straits.
The Principality of Monaco is located in the south of the country.
The area is 551 km2.
The population of France in 2007 was 63.7 million people, which put France on the 20th place in the world and the 4th place in Europe in terms of population.
The capital is Paris.
The largest cities of the country are Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse and Nice.
the period of the Hundred Years ' War: according to the Treaty of Troyes (May 21, 1420), the King (on behalf of Charlemagne) is the head of a monarchical state, a kingdom.
A monarchical state, headed by a king, is called a kingdom.
The Kingdoms are the United Kingdom, Belgium, Sweden, the Netherlands, Jordan, Saudi Arabia.
Henry V of England became the heir to the French throne and the ruler of France, and the legitimate heir, the Dauphin, the future King Charles VII, was removed from the succession, which actually meant the annexation of France to England.
Rumor accused the Queen of France, Isabella of Bavaria, of being the initiator of this treaty; a prophecy was spreading throughout the country: "A woman has ruined France, a virgin will save her."
Around 1424, Joan began to have visions: she saw the Holy Virgin:
1) In religious representations: having divine grace.
2) In Christianity and some other religions: a person who has devoted his life to the church and religion, and after death is recognized as a model of a righteous life and a carrier of miraculous power.
Michael the Archangel, Saints Catherine and Margaret, persuading Joan to go to the legitimate King Charles VII, who was staying in the unoccupied south of France by the British, and save the country.
The Mission of Joan of Arc On March 6, 1429, Jeanne arrived at the chateau of Chinon, where Charles VII was staying, and announced to him that her "voices" had told her that she was chosen by God to lift the siege of Orleans, which was blocking the English way to the south, and then bring the king to Reims, the place of the coronation of the French kings.
In the popular consciousness, consciousness is the human ability to reproduce reality in thinking; mental activity as a reflection of reality.
the act of anointing performed there alone made the monarch a legitimate sovereign.
Joan managed to convince Charles, and he sent her with an army to Orleans.
By the time she arrived in this city, rumor had already claimed that she was the maiden who would save France.
This inspired the army, and as a result of a series of battles in which Joan herself took part, the siege was lifted on May 8, 1429.
The lifting of the siege and the subsequent series of victories of the French troops convinced the French that God considers their cause right and helps them.
The campaign undertaken after that to Reims turned into Triumphal Triumph (Latin triumphus) — in ancient Rome, the solemn entry into the capital of the victorious commander with an army (from the Field of Mars to the Capitol).
It was arranged by the decision of the Senate and is the highest award for a commander.
In a figurative sense — a brilliant success, an outstanding victory.
the procession of the royal army.
On July 17, Charles VII was crowned in Reims, and during the solemn act, Joan held a banner over him.
In August 1429, the French began to attack Paris occupied by the British.
Paris is the capital of France on the Seine River, the main city of the historical region of Ile de France.
The population is 2.1 million people (2004).
Together with the suburbs (Versailles, Saint Denis, Ivry, Argenteuil, Boulogne Billancourt, Drancy), it forms the urban agglomeration of Greater Paris with a population of 11.4 million people..
The attempt to take it was unsuccessful, and despite Joan's insistence, the royal troops retreated.
In the autumn winter of 1429 and in the spring of 1430, Joan participated in a number of minor skirmishes with the enemy, a person who is in a state of enmity with someone, the enemy., and on May 23, 1430, she was captured by the English.
The Trial and death of Jeanne d'Ark was transported to Rouen, and on January 9, 1431, she was brought before the court of the Inquisitioninquisition (from the Latin inquisitio search) — in the Catholic Church in the 13-19 centuries, special courts of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, independent of the bodies and institutions of secular power.
They mainly fought against dissent (heresies).
The inquisition process was distinguished by a special system of evidence, the judge and the investigator were combined in one person.
The Inquisition widely used torture as the most important source of obtaining evidence.
Convicts were usually sentenced to be burned at the stake.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, it was one of the main tools of the Counter Reformation.
The Inquisition was especially rampant in Spain..
She was accused of witchcraft and heresy: the churchmen subordinate to the British proceeded from the fact that they would thereby harm Charles VII, because in this case he would be crowned a heretic and a witch — according to popular beliefs, a woman witch.
The idea of witches as women who entered into an alliance with evil spirits caused their persecution, the so - called "witch hunt" - mass trials against witches organized by spiritual and secular authorities in medieval Europe, as well as similar processes at a later time in the New World.
In a broader sense, it is understood as the persecution of dissidents..
Joan defended herself with rare courage and resourcefulness, but on May 2, 1431, she was charged with witchcraft (charges of heresy disappeared) and was asked to renounce the belief in" voices " and from wearing men's clothing.
On pain of death, she agreed to abdicate and was sentenced to life imprisonment on May 28.
However, in prisons, the prison is a place of serving a prison sentence, as well as the detention of persons to whom a preventive measure in the form of detention has been applied.
men's clothing was planted on her, which meant a relapse of the crime and automatically led to death.
Despite the obvious provocation, Zhanna said that she had put on a man's dress a woman's one piece clothing, worn over underwear voluntarily, that she takes the abdication back and regrets it.
Two days later, on May 30, 1431, she was burned alive in the market square of Rouen.
In 1455-1456, the process of posthumous rehabilitation took place in Bourges, rehabilitation (Latin rehabilitatio — restoration) — in law — restoration of rights.
According to Russian law, the rehabilitation of a person who was involved as an accused, or was found guilty by a court verdict, or was subjected to an administrative penalty, is considered to be the passing of an acquittal during the review of the case, a decision (ruling) on the termination of a criminal case for the absence of an event of a crime, for the absence of corpus delicti or for the lack of evidence of participation in the commission of a crime, as well as a decision on the termination of an administrative offense case.
The rehabilitation of repressed peoples is the recognition and exercise of the right to restore territorial integrity, to restore national State formations, as well as to compensate for the damage caused by the State to repressed peoples.
Rehabilitation provides for the return of peoples to their traditional places of residence on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Joan of Arc.
On May 16, 1920, she was canonized by the Catholic Church. (D. E. Kharitonovich)
More about the death of d'Ark from another source:
"The English authorities handed over the maid of Orleans to the court of the Inquisition, who accused her of witchcraft and complicity with the devil, the Devil (from the Greek diabolos — slanderer) (Satan, Iblis) — in some religions (Christianity, Islam, etc.), an evil spirit or the head of evil spirits who opposes God; the lord of hell..
But even under torture, Jeanne guarded her clarity of thought and dignity.
When they asked her if she believed in her vocation by the grace of God, they, of course, wanted to confuse her and put her in a dead end, because if she answered in the affirmative — she could be accused of being proud:
1) Full of self esteem, aware of his superiority.
2) Too self confident, arrogant, self loving., in imposture.
And if she answers in the negative, it means that she recognizes the deception.
She answered simply: "If not, may it please the Lord to strengthen this faith in me, if so, let Him support it in me."
Being unable to convict Joan of witchcraft, she was accused of "unauthorized intercourse with the heavenly forces and wearing a man's suit", prohibited by the council resolutions.
Devushkadevushka:
1) A female person at the age of transition from adolescence to adolescence.
2) Such a person who has reached puberty, but has not yet entered into marriage.
she turned to the pope, but while there was an answer from him, she was burned at the stake in Rouen on May 30, 1431.
Her relatives, the brothers Jean and Pierre, received from the king as a reward the title of nobility (from the Latin titulus inscription; honorary title) — an honorary title (for example, count, duke), hereditary or assigned to individuals to emphasize their special, privileged position and requiring an appropriate title (for example, excellency, highness).
It was widely used in a class feudal society, and in some countries (for example, Great Britain) the title remains to this day.
In Russia, after the victory of the October Revolution of 1917, the titles were eliminated.
and the land, and the name of Jeanne began to grow with legends and rumors.
For a long time, the false Jeannes who wanted to gain fame as a great virgin have not appeared on French soil, but no one has yet managed to repeat the feat of self denial, which a young girl from the French province was miraculously capable of."
100 great women.
The author is compiled by I. I. Semashko.
- Moscow: Veche, 2000, pp.
51-52.
Learn more about Jeanne d'Ark read in the literature:
The Jeanne D trial’Ark: Materials of the Inquisition process.
M.; St. Petersburg, 2007;
Anatoly Petrovich Levandovsky.
Joan of Arc.
- Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1962; 1982 (2nd edition); 2007 (3rd edition).
ISBN 978-5-235-03039-8;
Rejin Pernu.
Marie Veronique Clane.
Joan of Arc.
- M.: Progress, 1992.
ISBN 5-01-002054-8;
Vladimir Ilyich Raitses.
The Joan of Arc Trial; Antonio Sicari.
Saint Joan; Mark Twain.
Joan of Arc;
Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky.
"Joan of Arc"; Maria Josefa Kurk von Poturzin Joan of Arc; Pavel Valentinovich Krylov.
Men's suit of Jeanne D’Ark: an unheard of audacity or a forced step?
;  V. Tropeyko.
Joan of Arc; Alain Deco.
The Great Riddles of History: Was Joan of Arc burned?
; Olga Veleyko.
The slandered Jeanne, or the exposure of "revelations"; Sergey Sergeyevich Obolensky.
Joan is the Virgin of God.
Paris YMCA PRESS 1987 506 p.;
Bernard Shaw.
Saint Joan (Saint Joan, 1923); Olga Igorevna Togoeva.
Voltaire, Jeanne d’Ark and the donkey.
To the history of one motive / / French Yearbook 2008.
Moscow, 2008.
pp.
25-46. (Wikipedia)
See other famous women named Jeanne.
Famous women named with the letter W (and men).
Biographies of famous personalities of history by the last name with the letter Zh.
The meaning and origin of the name Jeanne.
Descriptions of female names with the letter W (and male).
And the explanation of the letters of the name in the interpretation of the Russian astrologer Astrology (from the Greek astron — star and logos word, doctrine) is the doctrine of the influence of the heavenly bodies on the earthly world and man (his temperament, character, actions and future), which was determined through visible movements on the celestial sphere and the mutual location of the luminaries (constellation) at a given time (see Horoscope).
Astrology originated in ancient times (Babylonian temple astrology and others), was closely connected with astral cults and astral mythology.
It became widespread in the Roman Empire (the first horoscopes — at the turn of 2-1 centuries BC).
Christianity criticized astrology as a kind of pagan fatalism.
Arab astrology, which achieved significant development in the 9th 10th centuries, penetrated into Europe from the 12th century, where astrology was influenced until the middle of the 17th century and then was replaced with the spread of the natural science picture of the world.
The revival of interest in astrology occurred after the 1st World War, the phenomena of astrology are associated with subtle cosmic and biocosmic rhythms, etc.
Since the middle of the 20th century, astrology has regained popularity.
Felix Kazimirovich Velichko.
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