Joan of Arc
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Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc.
Miniature of the second half of the XV century.
Birth on January 6, 1412(1412-01-06)
Domremi
Death on May 30, 1431(1431-05-30) (19 years old)
Rouen
It is revered in Catholicism
Beatified on April 18, 1909 in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris
He was canonized on May 16, 1920 in St. Peter's Cathedral
Memorial Day May 30
Patron Saint of France
Works in Wikitek Category on Wikimedia Commons
Alternative versions are described in the article Legendary and alternative versions of the fate of Joan of Arc.
Jeanne d'Arc, Maid of Orleans (Modern French Jeanne d'Arc[1]; January 6, 1412 May 30, 1431) was a national heroine of France, one of the commanders of the French troops in the Hundred Years ' War.
Having been captured by the Burgundians, she was handed over to the English, condemned as a heretic and burned at the stake.
Subsequently, she was rehabilitated and canonized — canonized by the Catholic Church.
Content
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1 France in the era of Jeanne d’Ark 2 Biography 2.1 Domremy Chinon 2.2 Jeanne the military commander 2.3 Trial and conviction
3 After death 4 The Acquittal process 5 Legends and alternative versions 6 The image of Jeanne d’Ark in Culture 7 Memory of Jeanne d’Arc 8 Notes 9 Literature 10 References
France in the era of Joan of Arc[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The Hundred Years ' War
The Hundred Years ' War began in 1337 with an attack on France by the English King Edward III, who claimed his rights to the French throne.
Up to 1415, the war went on with varying success: the French suffered severe defeats, but still they managed to keep a significant part of the country under control, and even at times to win back some territories.
But in 1415, the situation for the French deteriorated sharply: civil strife stopped in England, and King Henry V of the new Lancastrian dynasty began a decisive invasion of the mainland.
In France itself, the internal situation was catastrophic, the country was formally ruled by the mad king Charles VI, groups of Armagnacs and Bourguignons fought for real power in the country.
Territories occupied by the opponents by 1435
On October 25, 1415, the French troops were defeated in the Battle of Agincourt.
In 1416, the Burgundian Duke John the Fearless entered into an alliance with the English, soon he became the master of Paris and began to rule on behalf of the mad king together with the latter's wife, Isabella of Bavaria.
The Dauphin Charles, the heir of Charles VI, only miraculously managed to escape to the south of the country.
In 1420, the treaty of Troyes was signed, according to which the Dauphin Charles was declared deprived of his rights to the crown.
After the death of Charles VI, Henry V of England, who was betrothed to the French Princess Catherine, was to become king, followed by his son, born from this marriage.
It was the death sentence of French independence.
In 1422, Henry V died suddenly, and his nine month old son Henry VI became king of both states.
The English Duke of Bedford became the regent under the young king.
To completely subjugate France, the British had only to connect the occupied northern France with the long controlled Guienne and Aquitaine in the south.
The key point that prevented them from doing this was the city of Orleans, the operation to capture which began in 1428.
The defenders defended bravely, but the outcome of the siege seemed to be a foregone conclusion.
Biography[edit / edit wiki text]
Domremi Chinon[edit / edit wiki text]
The House of Jeanne d’Ark in Domremy.
Now it is a museum
The Vision of Joan of Arc (Jules Bastien Lepage, 1879)
Main article: Jeanne D’Ark in Domremi
The traditional date of Joan's birth is 1412, but in the decree of Pope Pius X of January 6, 1904, adopted after the solemn meeting at which the case of the Virgin's beatification to the face of saints was considered, the date was named January 6, 1409/1408.
Jeanne D’Arc was born in the village of Domremy on the border of Champagne and Lorraine in a family of impoverished nobles [the source is not specified 1035 days] (according to another version wealthy peasants) Jacques d’Arc and Isabella de Wooton, nicknamed Rome (Roman woman) because of her pilgrimage to Rome.
Jeanne never called herself Joan of Arc, but only "Jeanne the Virgin", specifying that in childhood she was called Jeanette.
At the age of 13, Joan first, according to her assurances, heard the voices of the Archangel Michael, St. Catherine of Alexandria and, as it is believed, Margaret of Antioch[2], who sometimes appeared to her in visible form.
After some time, they allegedly revealed to Joan that it was her destiny to lift the siege of Orleans, put the Dauphin on the throne and expel the invaders from the kingdom.
When Jeanne turned 16, she went to the captain of the city of Vaucouleurs, Robert de Baudricourt, and announced her mission.
Being ridiculed, Jeanne was forced to return to the village, but a year later she repeated her attempt.
This time, the captain, struck by her persistence, was more attentive, and when Jeanne accurately predicted the sad outcome of the "Herring Battle" for the French under the walls of Orleans, he agreed to give her people so that she could go to the king, and also provided men's clothing chaperone, hook and chausses, and Jeanne preferred to dress this way to the end, explaining that it would be easier for her to fight in men's clothing and not cause unhealthy attention from the soldiers.
At the same time, two of her faithful companions, the knights Jean de Metz and Bertrand de Poulangy, joined Jeanne's squad.
In 11 days, having covered the distance through the enemy Burgundian territory between Domremy and Chinon, on March 4, 1429, Jeanne arrived at this castle the residence of the Dauphin Charles.
The Dauphin took advantage of the fact that Jeanne wrote to him in a letter that she would definitely recognize him, and arranged for her to be tested by placing another person on the throne and standing in the crowd of courtiers.
However, Joan passed the test, recognizing the king.
She announced to him that she was sent by Heaven to liberate the country from English rule and asked for troops in order to lift the siege of Orleans.
At Chinon, Jeanne amazed Charles VII and the young Duke of Alencon with her skill in riding, her impeccable knowledge of the games common among the nobility: quentin, the game of rings, which required perfect possession of weapons.
During the acquittal process, Alain Chartier, secretary of Kings Charles VI and Charles VII, stated the following about the interrogations conducted during the previous trial: "It seemed that this girl was brought up not in the fields, but in schools, in close communication with the sciences."
Karl, however, hesitated.
First, he ordered the matrons to confirm Jeanne's virginity, then sent her to Poitiers, where she was to be interrogated by theologians, and also sent messengers to her homeland.
After nothing was found that could cast a shadow on the girl's reputation, Karl decided to transfer the command of the troops into her hands and appointed her commander in chief.
The leading French military leaders Etienne de Vignol, nicknamed La Hire (with French anger), Poton de Centrail and Count Dunois, who fought off the English attacks in Orleans with the last forces, were to go under her command.
The Prince of Alencon became its chief of staff.
An important role in such a bold decision was played by the fact that Joan, in the name of God, confirmed to Charles his legitimacy and rights to the throne, which many doubted, including Charles himself.
Zhanna the warlord[edit / edit wiki text]
Jeanne D’Ark at the siege of Orleans.
Sh.
Lenepve
The Dauphin
After the appointment, armor is made for Jeanne (she received a special permission from the commission of theologians from Poitiers to wear men's clothing), a banner and a banner.
The sword for her was found in the church of Saint Catherine de Fierbois according to the command of Jeanne herself.
According to legend, this sword belonged to Charlemagne.
Then she went to Blois, the designated assembly point for the army, and already at the head of the army marched to Orleans.
The news that the army was headed by a messenger of God caused an extraordinary moral uplift in the army.
The leaders and soldiers who had lost hope, tired of endless defeats, were inspired and regained their courage.
On April 29, Jeanne with a small detachment penetrates into Orleans.
On May 4, her army won its first victory, taking the bastion of Saint Loup.
Victories followed one after another, and already on the night of 7 to 8 May, the British were forced to lift the siege from the city.
Thus, the task that other French military leaders considered impossible, Jeanne d’Ark decided in four days.
After the victory at Orleans, Jeanne was nicknamed the "Maid of Orleans" (French: la Pucelle d'Orléans) [3].
The day of May 8 is still celebrated every year in Orleans as the main holiday of the city.
Charles's hesitation and indecision were the reason that Jeanne did not start her next campaign to the castles of the Loire occupied by the British until June 9.
However, even this time, the army led by her acted quickly, decisively and extremely successfully.
On June 11, the army approached the central fortified point of the British on the Loire Jargeau, the next day Jargeau was taken by assault, on June 15, Jeanne acts on Maine sur Loire, on June 16 on Beaugency, and already on June 18, the decisive battle of Pat with the English army led by Talbot and Fastolfe took place, which ended in a complete defeat of the British.
The formidable Talbot was captured, Fastolfe fled from the battlefield.
The Loire operation was completed.
Jeanne D’Ark at the coronation of Charles VII.
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, 1854.
Jeanne went to the king and urged him to go to the anointing of the Holy Spirit in Reims, the traditional place of crowning of French kings.
Before the start of the campaign, Jeanne also managed to reconcile the king with the former Constable Richemont, an experienced military commander, who was in disgrace, which further united the French.
On June 29, the "bloodless campaign" began in the direction of Reims.
City after city opened its gates to the royal army, on July 17, the king was solemnly anointed in the Cathedral of Reims in the presence of Joan of Arc, which caused an extraordinary surge of national spirit in the country.
The Duke of Burgundy, Philip III the Good, did not come to the ceremony, and Jeanne wrote him a letter on the same day, calling for reconciliation.
After the coronation, Joan urged Charles to launch an offensive against Paris, taking advantage of the favorable situation and confusion in the English camp, but he again began to hesitate.
The attack on the capital was launched only in September, but the offensive was quickly stopped.
The king gave the order to withdraw the army to the Loire, and on September 21 the army was disbanded.
In the spring of 1430, military operations were resumed, but they were sluggish.
Jeanne was constantly put in obstacles by the royal courtiers.
In May, Jeanne comes to the aid of Compiegne, besieged by the Burgundians.
On May 23, as a result of treachery (the bridge to the city was raised, which cut off the way for Jeanne to escape), Jeanne d’Arc was captured by the Burgundians.
King Charles, who owed her so much, did nothing to save Joan.
Soon, for 10,000 gold livres, the Burgundians sold it to the English.
In November—December 1430, Joan was transported to Rouen.
Process and condemnation[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The Inquisition process of Joan of Arc
The tower in Rouen, where Joan was interrogated on May 9, 1431
The trial began on February 21, 1431.
Despite the fact that Jeanne was formally tried by the church on charges of heresy, she was kept in prison under the protection of the British as a prisoner of war.
The process was headed by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, an ardent supporter of English interests in France.
The British government did not hide in the least its involvement in the trial of Joan of Arc, nor the importance it attached to this court.
It has assumed all the costs associated with it.
The surviving and published documents of the English Treasury in Normandy show that these expenses were considerable.
In the chronicles of the Venetian Morosini, it is explicitly stated: "The English burned Joan because of her success, because the French were succeeding and it seemed that they would succeed without end.
The English said that if this girl died, fate would no longer be favorable to the Dauphin."
During the trial, it turned out that it would not be so easy to accuse Jeanne — the girl held on to the court with amazing courage and confidently refuted accusations of heresy and relations with the devil, bypassing numerous traps.
Since it was not possible to get a confession of heresy from her, the court began to focus on those facts where Jeanne's voluntary confession was not required, for example, on wearing men's clothing, ignoring the authority of the Church, and also tried to prove that the voices that Jeanne heard came from the devil.
Contrary to the norms of the ecclesiastical court, Jeanne was not allowed to appeal to the Pope and ignored the conclusions of the Poitiers trial favorable for Jeanne.
Monument at the place of Joan's execution (Maxime Real del Sarte, 1928) [4]
The interrogation of Jeanne by the Cardinal of Winchester (Paul Delaroche, 1824)
In the hope of breaking the will of the prisoner, she is kept in terrible conditions, the English guards insult her, during the interrogation on May 9, the tribunal threatened her with torture, but all in vain — Jeanne refuses to submit and plead guilty.
Cauchon understood that if he condemned Jeanne to death without obtaining a confession of guilt from her, he would only contribute to the appearance of a martyr's halo around her.
On May 24, he resorted to outright meanness — he showed the prisoner a ready made bonfire for her execution by burning and already near the bonfire promised to transfer her from the English prison to the church prison, where she would be provided with good care if she signed a paper renouncing heresies and obeying the Church.
At the same time, a paper with a text read out illiterate the girl was replaced by another one, on which there was a text about the complete renunciation of all her "delusions", on which Jeanne put an end.
Naturally, Cauchon did not think to fulfill his promise and sent her back to her former prison.
A few days later, under the pretext that Jeanne again put on men's clothes (the women's clothes were taken away from her by force) and, thus, "fell into the previous delusions" - the tribunal sentenced her to death.
May 30, 1431 Jeanne d’Arc was burned alive in the square of the Old Market in Rouen.
They put a paper mitre on Joan's head with the inscription "Heretic, apostate, idolater" and led her to the bonfire.
"Bishop, I am dying because of you.
I challenge you to God's judgment!"
— Jeanne shouted from the height of the fire and asked to give her a cross.
The executioner handed her two crossed sticks.
And when the fire engulfed her, she shouted several times: "Jesus!".
Almost everyone was crying with pity.
Her ashes were scattered over the Seine.
The museum of the city of Chinon contains remains allegedly belonging to Joan of Arc, although, according to scientists, these relics do not belong to her.[5]
After death[edit / edit wiki text]
The conviction and execution of Jeanne d’The Arc did not help the British — they could not recover from the blow inflicted by it.
The Earl of Warwick, belatedly realizing the impact that the coronation of Charles in Reims had on the country, arranged his" anointing " of the young Henry VI in the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris in December 1431, which, however, was perceived by few people in France as legitimate.
The very next year, Dunois took Chartres, and the constable Richemont, who finally reconciled with the king, became his main adviser.
In 1435, Bedford and Isabella of Bavaria died.
In September of the same year, the most important event took place — the final reconciliation of France and Burgundy, who concluded the Treaty of Arras against the British.
The very next year, Richemont entered Paris with an army.
The decisive offensive of the French was delayed for several years due to intrigues and rebellions at the royal court.
In 1449, the French launched an offensive in Normandy, which ended with a victory on April 15, 1450 at the Battle of Formigny. .
Normandy was captured by the French.
In 1453, the French took Bordeaux, which put an end to the Hundred Years ' War
The acquittal process[edit / edit wiki text]
To the justification of Joan of Arc.
A commemorative plaque.
Rouen.
After the end of the war in Normandy in 1452, Charles VII ordered to collect all the documents related to the trial of Joan, and to investigate its legality.
The investigation examined the documents of the trial, interviewed the surviving witnesses and unanimously came to the conclusion that the grossest violations of the law were committed during the trial of Zhanna.
In 1455, Pope Calixtus III ordered a new trial and appointed three of his representatives to oversee it.
The court sat in Paris, Rouen and Orleans, and an investigation was also conducted in Jeanne's native lands.
The pope's legates and judges questioned 115 witnesses, including Joan's mother, her comrades in arms, and ordinary residents of Orleans.
On July 7, 1456, the judges read out a verdict that stated that every point of accusation against Joan was refuted by the testimony of witnesses.
The first trial was declared invalid, one copy of the protocols and the indictment was symbolically torn up in front of the crowd.
Jeanne's good name was restored.
In 1909, Pope Pius X proclaimed Joan blessed, and on May 16, 1920, Pope Benedict XV canonized her (Memorial Day May 30).
At the moment, almost every Catholic Church in France has a statue of Saint Joan of Arc.
The Maid of Orleans is depicted in a man's costume, with a sword in her hand.
Legends and alternative versions[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Legendary and alternative versions of the fate of Joan of Arc
There are legends known since the XV century and extant to this day, which offer alternative versions of the origin, life, death, as well as the miraculous salvation of Joan of Arc[6].
The image of Jeanne d’Ark in culture[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The image of Jeanne d'Arc in culture
The memory of Joan of Arc[edit / edit wiki text]
Every year, on May 8, France celebrates "Joan of Arc Day" in honor of Joan of Arc.'
Ark is named after the asteroid (127) Jeanne, discovered in 1872.
The French cruiser helicopter carrier "Jeanne d'Arc"is named after the national heroine.
It was launched in 1964.
Monument to Jeanne d'Arc in Paris
Joan of Arc" (Paul Gauguin, 1889)
Jeanne's signature
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ Her name was spelled differently until the middle of the XIX century.
[R. Pern. M.-V. Klan. Jeanne D’Ark: pp. 220-221].
She herself wrote her name as Jehanne (see www.stjoan center.com/Album/, parts 47 and 49; the same is reported in Pernu and Clen).
Traditionally, it is believed that we are talking about St. Margaret of Antioch, however, as V. I. Raitses notes in the book "Joan of Arc.
Evidence.
Legends.
Hypotheses" (Leningrad, "Science", 1982, the series "Scientific biographies"), it is not possible to detect any intersections of her life and cult with the life of Zhanna.
The researcher, noting that Jeanne, in his opinion, did not distinguish between these two women, refers to the legend of "Margarita, called Pelagius", set out in the "Golden Legend" of Yakov Voraginsky under the date of October 8.
The Golden Legend was never taken seriously by theologians, but it was one of the most widely read (and, as a result, very well known in oral retellings) books in the XIV XVI centuries.
It tells us that Margarita was a very beautiful girl, but she was brought up in such great good morals and chastity that she avoided even the looks of men.
A noble young man wooed her, her parents agreed to the wedding, but Margarita, having decided to preserve her virginity, cut her hair and put on a man's suit and, under the name of Brother Pelagius, took refuge in a monastery, was subjected to unjust persecution there, but patiently endured all the trials and ended her life in holiness, revealing her secret only before death.
In 1455-1456, on the eve of Joan's rehabilitation, several authoritative theologians wrote special treatises on the justification of Joan, collecting all the information about holy women who had to wear men's clothes for some reason.
"Margarita Pelagius" is not mentioned by them, because she was never canonized, and her biography of Yakov Voraginsky, according to researchers, is a free presentation of the lives of other saints.
According to V. I. Raitses, the translation from the French, "The Maid of Orleans", is not entirely correct, since the epithet "Virgin" (fr. la Vierge) in the Middle Ages in Western Europe was applied exclusively to the Virgin This statue has been protected by the state as a historical monument since October 30, 2002 Dec Declan Butler.
Joan of Arc's relics exposed as forgery "Nature", 446 (5 April 2007) ↑ Elena Ankudinova.
"The holy shepherdess or the illegitimate princess?"
Magazine "Around the World" 30.05.2007
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
The Jeanne D trial’Ark: Materials of the Inquisition process.
M.; St. Petersburg, 2007.
A. P. Levandovsky.
Joan of Arc.
- Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1962; 1982 (2nd edition); 2007 (3rd edition).
- The "ZhZL" series.
- ISBN 978-5-235-03039-8 Pernou Rejin, Clane Marie Veronique.
Joan of Arc.
/ Per.
T. Posherstnik, O. Ivanova.
- M.: Progress Academy, 1992 — - 560 p.
- The series "Centuries and people".
- ISBN 5-01-002054-8 Raitses V. I. Jeanne D'Arc.
Facts, legends, hypotheses.
- L.: Nauka, 1982.
- 200 p.: ill.
- The series "Scientific biographies".
Raitses V. I.
The Process of Joan of Arc.
Romm Freddy.
Joan of Arc.
The riddles of the Maid of Orleans.
- Moscow: ENAS 2008 — - 216 p.
- The series "Man and the epoch".
Sikari A. Saint Joan Mark Twain.
Jeanne D’Ark Dmitry Merezhkovsky.
"Joan of Arc" by Maria Josefa Kurk von Poturzin Joan of Arc (unavailable link from 14-05-2013 (1002 days)) P. V. Krylov.
Men's suit of Jeanne D’Ark: an unheard of audacity or a forced step?
V. Tropeyko.
Jeanne D’Arc Alain Deco.
Great Riddles of History: Was Joan of Arc burned?
O. Veleyko.
The slandered Zhanna, or the exposure of "revelations" Obolensky S. S. Zhanna is the Virgin of God.
Paris YMCA PRESS 1987 506 S. B. Shaw.
Saint Joan (Saint Joan, 1923) Togoeva O. I. Voltaire, Jeanne d’Ark and the donkey.
To the history of one motive / / French Yearbook 2008.
Moscow, 2008.
pp.
25-46.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Portal "History" Zhanna d'Ark in Wikitek?
Jeanne D’Ark on Wikimedia Commons?
Joan of Arc life as a masterpiece.
The program "Echo of Moscow" from the cycle "Everything is so "Project" Saint Joan "of the library" Una Fides "Website dedicated to Joan d'Arch with a selection of documents (English) The project Maid of heaven (English) by Henri Vallon.
Jeanne d'Arc (French) Protocols of the indictment of Jeanne d’Ark Materials on an alternative version of the Siege of Orleans (French) The Mission of Jeanne d’Ark and the riddles of history (Evgeny Hatskelson).
Joan of Arc / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 vol. (82 volumes and 4 supplements).
- St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
To improve this article, is it desirable?:
Find and arrange links to authoritative sources confirming what was written in the form of footnotes.
[show] Jeanne D’Ark Highlights of the Hundred Years ' War: The Siege of Orleans • Battle of the Herrings • The Siege of Paris • The Siege of Compiegne • The Inquisition Trial of Joan of Arc
Loire Campaign: Battle of Jargeau • Battle of Maine sur Loire • Battle of Beaugency • Battle of Pat
Geographical points of Domremy • House of Jeanne d’Arc in Domremy • The Key and the Fairy tree • Vaucouleurs • Chinon Castle • Orleans • Lorraine • Reims • Rouen
Related persons The family of Jeanne d’Ark • Charles VII * Henry VI • Yolande of Aragon • La Tremouille • Jean of Alencon • Jean de Dunois • Gilles de Re • La Hire • Jean de Saintral • Ambroise de Loret • Pierre Cauchon
Documents and chronicles of the Letter of Jeanne d’Ark • Vigils on the death of King Charles VII
Legends, versions
and archetypes Legendary and alternative versions of fate • False Jeanne (Jeanne des Armoises) * The Warrior Maiden
The image of Jeanne d’Ark in Culture in Literature "Henry VI, Part 1" (Shakespeare) • "The Virgin of Orleans" (Voltaire) * "The Maid of Orleans" (Schiller) * "Joan of Arc" (Mark Twain) • "Saint John" (Show) • "Lark" (Anuj)
In the music of "Joan of Arc" (Verdi) • "The Maid of Orleans" (Tchaikovsky) • "Joan of Arc" ("Temple") • «Jeanne d’Arc» («Thy Majestie»)
In the movie " The Passion of Joan of Arc "(1928) • "Joan of Arc" (1948) • "The Trial of Joan of Arc" (1961) • "The Beginning" (1970) • "Joan of Arc" (L. Besson, 1999) • "Joan of Arc" (K. Dugay, 1999) •
[show] The Hundred Years ' War (1337-1453) Periods, wars and battles, peace treaties 1.
The Edwardian War
(1337—1364)
Katsan (1337) • Arnemuiden (1338) • Sluis (1340) • Saint Omer (1340) in Tournai (1340) • For the Breton succession (1341-1364) • Bath (1342) • Morlaix (1342) • Oberos (1345) in Blastic (1346) • Caen (1346) • crécy (1346) • Calais (1346) in Nevilles Cross (1346) • La Rosh Deren (1347) in Winchelsea (1350) in morón (1352) • Montmuran (1354) • Narbonne (1355) • Romorantin (1356) • the Black Prince (1356) • Poitiers (1356) in Rennes (1356) • The War of the Two Pedros (1356-1375) • Jacquerie (1358) • Bois de Boulogne (1358) • Amiens (1358) • Longueuil Sainte Marie (1358) • Meaux (1358) • Pont des Carrières (1358) • Reims (1359) • Chastres (1360) • Winchelcy (1360) • Briuse (1361) • Brignier (1362) • Livarot (1362) • Mortain (1362) • Saint Martin de Cro (1362)
2.
The Carolingian War
(1364—1389)
Wilbois (1364) • Mant (1364) • Melan (1364) • Cocherel (1364) • Auray (1364) • In Castile (1366-1369) • Nájera (1367) • Montiel (1369) • La Roche Posay (1369) • Saint Savin sur Garten (1369) • Lussac (1370) • Pevalin (1370) • Guernsey (1372) • La Rochelle (1372) • Soubise (1372) • Chizay (1373) • Movepen (1373) • Eime (1377) • Lewes (1377) • Paradise (1377) • The Isle Of Wight (1377) • Yarmouth (1377)* Chalier (1380) • Chateauneuf de Randon (1380) • Aljubarrota (1385) • L'écluse (1385) • Vark (1385) • Raz de Saint Mahé (1403) • Brest (1404) • Carnarvon (1404) • Falmouth (1404) • Hardlaugh (1404) • Carmarthen (1405) • L'écluse (1405) • Haverfordwest (1405) • Milford Haven (1405) • Saint Vaast la Hougue (1405) • Tenby (1405) • Worcester (1405) • Jersey (1406) • Lourdes (1406) • Armagnacs and Bourguignons (1407-35)
3.
The Lancaster War
(1415—1428)
Harfleur (1415) • Agincourt (1415) • Chef de Caux (1416 • * Caen (1417 • * Rouen (1418) • La Rochelle (1419) • Mont Saint Michel (1419-1453) * Melun (1420) • God (1421) • Berne (1422) • Cravan (1423) • La Brossiniere (1423) * Verneuil (1424) • Mont Saint Michel (1425) • Montargis (1427)
4.
The final period
(1428—1453)
Orleans (1428) • Rouvray (1429) • Jargeau (1429) • Meung sur Loire (1429) • Beaugency (1429) • pathé (1429) • Reims (1429) in Montepio (1429) • Paris (1429) • Anton (1430) • Compiègne (1430) in gerberoy is (1435) • Paris (1436) • Dieppe (1442) * Verney (1449) * Formigny (1450) • Caen (1450) • Male Jornade (1450) • Bordeaux (1451) • Bordeaux (1453) • Castillon (1453)
Contracts
Westminster (1353) • Mant (1354) • Valognes (1355) • PONTOISE • London • Bretigny (1360) • Guérande (1365) • Vernon • Luden (1372) • Guérande (1381) • Bicêtre • Burj • Saint Maur (1418) • Troyes (1420) • Arras • CUSSET • Picquigny
French Monarchs
Philip VI • John II • Charles V • Charles VI • Charles VII
English
Edward III * Richard II • Henry IV • Henry V • Henry VI
French military leaders
Ambroise de Loret • Andre de Laval • Antoine de Chabannes• Arnaud de Servol • Arnaud Guillaume de Barbazan • Arthur III * Bernard VII • Bertrand Dugueclin • Jean de Bois Gibault • Bureau de la Riviere • Guillaume II de Lara • Gilles de Re • Geoffroy d’Arcour • Jean Bureau • Jean de Brosse • Jean V de Bay • Jean de Clermont • Jean de Dunois • Jean III de Grailly • Jean de Vienne • Jean Malet • Jean Maran • Jeanne d’Arc • Gilbert Motier de la Fayette • Louis de Culan • Louis Giribaut • Olivier de Clisson • Poton de Centrail • Pierre de Rostrenin • Jean Tancarville • Charles I d'Albret • Tugdual de Kermoysan • Charles I de Montmorency • Etienne de Vignolles
English
John Talbot • John Chandos • Matthew Goth • Robert Knolles • Thomas Montagu • William de La Pole • Edmund Beaufort • Edward the Black Prince
Scottish
John Stewart, Earl of Buchan
Thematic sites
Internet Movie Database · MusicBrainz
Dictionaries and encyclopedias of Brockhaus and Efron · Small Brockhaus and Efron · Orthodox Theological · Britannica (11 th)
Regulatory Control BAV: ADV10070048, ADV12328757, ADV12482075, ADV12482074 * BNC: a10106820 · BNF: 11945486j · EGAXA: 001400769 · GND: 118557238 · ISNI: 0000 0001 2144 6253 · LCCN: n79033041 · NDL: 00620883 · NKC: jn20000720114 · NLA: 35244296 · NLR: RUNLRAUTH7787227 · NTA: 06900563X · PTBNP: 256723 · LIBRIS: 191568 · SUDOC: 02874005X · VIAF: 97108273 · ULAN: 500343198
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Categories: Born on January 6 Born in 1412 Persons alphabetically Born in the Vosges department Died on May 30 Died in 1431 Died in Rouen Saints alphabetically Saints of France Jeanne d’Ark Personalities:France Catholic Saints Anglican Saints Figures of the Hundred Years ' War Women burned at the stake in wars Christian saints of the XV century Canonized in the XX century Orleans Posthumously rehabilitated Executed religious Figures
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