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» There is a planet in the Alpha Centauri system that is close to the mass of the Earth .
November 4, 2012
There is a planet in the Alpha Centauri system that is close to the mass of the Earth
In the Alpha Centauri star system, the closest to us, ESO astronomers have discovered a planet whose mass is close to the mass of the Earth, the least massive of all the exoplanes that are installed near stars similar to the Sun.
This planet was found not by the Kepler telescope, which is most often used recently, but by the HARPS spectrograph of the European Southern Observatory, located in Chile The result of the study was published in the journal Nature.
In the event that humanity was able to move in outer space at a speed close to the speed of light, then it would be possible to get to this planet in five years.
Looking closely at the Alpha Centauri system, we can say that it has three stars, two of which are named A and B stars that are close in structure and size to the Sun, rotating around a single center of gravity.
Alpha Centauri B, near which the planet was detected, belongs to the spectral class K, its effective temperature is 5000 Kelvins (compared to the sun, which has 6000K) and the mass is 0.934 solar masses.
A little away from them is a faint red star with the name Proxima Centauri, which is the closest star to us.
Since the 19th century, it has become clear to astronomers that the alpha Centauri star system is the closest to us, scientists are making assumptions about the presence of life in this system, but even with increasing power and accuracy of measurements, the results of research have so far led to nothing.
For more than four years, a group of scientists has been measuring the fluctuations in the motion of the star alpha Centauri B, due to the gravity of the planet moving in orbit, using the HARPS spectrograph.
The effect of vibrations is caused by no more than 51 centimeters per second.
As Xavier Dumusk reported, working at the observatory of the city of Geneva, that they had established a very weak, but real signal from a planet that orbits the planet alpha Centauri B, this discovery was made at the limit of the accuracy of currently existing methods.
The HARPS spectrograph is based on the method of radial velocities, thanks to which scientists can estimate only the minimum mass of the planet, while from the point of view of statistics, this mass is usually very close to the real mass of the planet.
The mass of the planet discovered by Europeans is slightly more than the mass of the Earth.
From the second component of the alpha Centauri star system, the planet stands at a distance of about 600 million kilometers, alpha Centauri A is a very bright object in its sky.
Back in 1995, the same group of scientists found the first exoplanet near a sun like star, after which about 800 discoveries of planets were made, but most of them turned out to be larger than the Earth.
The future of the Sun with a spiral structure.
According to Matthias Merker, when making the first observations using the ALMA telescope complex, it was possible to detect a shell with a spiral structure in the old red giant, which the Sun will turn into.
A very interesting and difficult task for astrophysicists is to establish and further study planets whose mass is close to the mass of the Earth, whose orbits are located within the habitable zone, where water can exist in a liquid state.
Currently, the first step in this direction has been taken. ”
The orbit of the discovered planet is very close to the mother star and it should be very hot on its surface for the life that we imagine, but it is possible that this planet is one of several planets in the system, " said Stefan Udri.
The results of measurements using HARPS and using the Kepler telescope indicate that most of the low mass planets are located in such a system.
With the introduction of the new ESPRESSO spectrograph (Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations), which is planned to be installed as part of the VLT 8 – meter telescope complex, it will be possible to learn more about this planet.
Currently, the device is at the completion stage, and the start of operation is scheduled for 2016.
The ESPRESSO spectrograph will allow you to discover planets with a mass close to Earth's in the habitable zones.
The article was created for the blog "UFO and Space"
Author:
Evgeny Zlenkov
at 17: 11
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Labels: Space technologies
2 comments:
nikvik5 November 2012, 10: 24 No matter how hard our scientists try, they can only assume, build theories and model concepts, but no one knows anything for sure.
You need to study yourself.
After all, a person is also a universe, unknown and mysterious.
Reply to Delete
Andrey Antonenko November 5, 2012, 15: 35 And the initial theories are always based on an assumption.
Then it develops and as the proof appears, the law arises !
Reply to Delete
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