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Encyclopedia of animals Animals from A to Z Classification of animals Animal types Chordate Arthropods Mollusks (type) Echinoderm Annelids Sponges (type)
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Home Mammals (class) Animals (subclass)
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Brown bears the lords of the taiga
Sep 18, 2014
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Brown bears belong to the bear family, there are several subspecies of brown bears – grizzly, kodiak, European and Siberian brown bear, as well as the Himalayan brown bear.
Let's take a look at the photos of brown bears and learn more about them.
Skeptics, when talking about unusual phenomena, claim that people confuse the bigfoot with the Himalayan brown bear.
All representatives of brown bears are ferocious and dangerous predators, with which other carnivores can hardly compete.
The Siberian brown bear is the owner of the Russian taiga.
We will talk in detail about the Siberian and European bears.
There are not many differences between these predators, so they can easily be considered as one Eurasian subspecies.
Today there are about 200 thousand individuals in this subspecies.
Appearance of brown bears
The main feature of brown bears are curved long claws, and the claws on the front paws are longer than on the hind ones.
In length, the claws, taking into account the curvature, reach 7-10 centimeters.
The claws themselves are dark, but have light tips.
Also, the claws can be uniformly dark in color along the entire length.
The size of these predators varies depending on the region of residence, age and gender.
Females are about 30% smaller than males.
The height at the withers of brown bears ranges from 70 to 150 centimeters.
In length, the body is 1.7-2.8 meters.
The tail can be small or quite noticeable – from 6 to 20 centimeters.
Fish for bears is a special treat (in the photo a grizzly bear).
If we talk about the size, the smallest representatives of the family live in Europe, and the largest in Alaska and Kamchatka.
That is, the northern inhabitants have a more massive size.
The weight of brown bears living in Europe is 400-480 kilograms, and Russian bears weigh up to 600 kilograms.
In the northern regions with a harsh climate, there are no brown bears weighing less than 500 kilograms.
The maximum individuals of this family can weigh 700-1000 kilograms, but such giants are extremely rare.
The average weight of Kamchatka brown bears is 600 kilograms.
The largest bear was recorded in Alaska, it weighed 1150 kilograms.
Brown bears have long, thick fur, while a small mane is noticeable on the neck.
In winter, the fur becomes even thicker.
At the withers, the length of the fur skin reaches 11-12 centimeters.
By summer, the fur becomes rarer and shorter.
Molting occurs in spring and autumn.
The enraged Kodiaks did not share something among themselves.
After the autumn molt, brown bears lie down in a den.
The main color is brown, but there are bears with darker or, on the contrary, lighter shades of skin.
In young animals, light spots may be visible on the chest, which disappear with age.
Places of residence of brown bears
Brown bears live in Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania.
Also, the possessions of these predators include the Balkans, the Carpathians, Finland and Sweden.
Some representatives are found in Italy.
The number of brown bears in the central regions of our country does not exceed 40 individuals.
For your favorite food — at least to the edge of the waterfall (in the photo — American grizzlies).
Nutrition of brown bears and their lifestyle
Brown bears lead a solitary lifestyle.
Their peak activity is observed in the morning and evening hours.
In summer, bears accumulate fat for hibernation.
Bears must arrange a den in a dry place, for example, under the roots of upturned trees or windbreaks.
Some bears fall asleep for the winter in caves and crevices of rocks.
Sleep in brown bears lasts 2.5-6.5 months.
Bears most often fall asleep in November, and wake up in April.
The bear and her cubs spend the longest winter with the others.
The shortest sleep in old males.
During hibernation, bears lose up to 100 kilograms of weight that they have accumulated over the summer.
A Himalayan bear is resting on the lawn.
Brown bears sleep quite sensitively, it is easy to wake them up.
The awakened animal is looking for another den in which it will be possible to continue the dream.
If a brown bear has accumulated little fat over the summer, then he wakes up from hunger and leaves his den.
Animals looking for prey are called connecting rods.
Such bears are aggressive, they attack all living things, and a person who is on the way can also become a victim.
Brown bears run perfectly, they develop a speed of up to 50 kilometers per hour.
Also, predators are excellent swimmers and climb trees.
Brown bears have great strength, with one blow of a powerful paw, they can kill a big bull.
Brown bears eat both animal and plant food, while vegetation is significantly predominant.
Bears accumulate fat in the summer by eating grass, berries, roots, tubers and nuts.
Also, the diet includes insects caterpillars and ants.
Chipmunks, mice and ground squirrels become victims of bears.
A favorite dish is fish, and bears catch it very skillfully.
Bears also hunt roe deer and deer.
This predator does not disdain carrion.
Reproduction and life expectancy of brown bears
The Siberian bear and its offspring.
Females bring offspring no more than once in 2-4 years.
The mating season lasts from the end of May to the beginning of July.
At this time, the level of aggression in males increases as much as possible, they often fight among themselves, causing serious injuries.
Such fights can even end with the death of one of the bears.
Pregnancy in female brown bears has a latent period, that is, a fertilized egg can float in the uterus for up to 6 months and only in November, when the bear goes into hibernation, the fetus is fixed on the uterine wall.
The cubs are born after 8 weeks.
Newborns are born while their mother is still asleep.
If the female does not gain the necessary weight by the hibernation period, the body absorbs the embryo, and childbirth does not occur.
Basically, two bear cubs are born, but there may be more of them – 3-5.
The body length of the babies is 25 centimeters, and the weight is 500 grams.
Kids are completely blind and deaf.
Babies begin to hear in the second week of life, and see in a month.
The female feeds the cubs with milk for a year and a half, but already at 3 months the babies can eat greens and a variety of berries.
A formidable kodiak.
Brown bears grow up to 11 years old.
The young remain with the females up to 4 years, during this period they gain the necessary life experience.
Puberty in brown bears occurs by 5-7 years.
In the wild, these predators live on average up to 30 years, and in captivity they can live much longer – 45-50 years.
Enemies of brown bears
The most important enemy in the wild is another bear.
Some subspecies hunt others, and blood relatives kill each other.
Adult males often kill small cubs and eat them.
In such cases, the females bravely protect the babies, although they are much inferior to the males.
The Himalayan bear has a black color and a yellow spot on its chest.
Predatory animals attack brown bears quite rarely.
A pack of wolves will dare to take such a step only during a serious famine.
But the cubs left without the supervision of the mother can become a victim of almost any predator.
People have been hunting brown bears all their lives, and most often for sport.
It is considered prestigious to have a bear skin with protruding claws at home.
Today, in many countries of the world, hunting for brown bears is strictly limited or completely prohibited.
In Europe, if a brown bear causes damage to livestock, the state pays compensation to its owners.
These measures are designed to keep the brown bear population at the proper level.
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Sections Laurasiatheria (superorder) Letter B Brown bear (species) Bears (genus) Bear (family) Placental (infraclass) Psoobraznye (suborder) Predatory (detachment)
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