Elizabeth I
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Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
The Queen of England
17 November 1558-24 March 1603 Coronation: 15 January 1559 Predecessor: Mary I Successor: James I
The Queen of Ireland
17 November 1558-24 March 1603 Predecessor: Maria I Successor: James I
Religion: Anglicanism Birth: September 7, 1533(1533-09-07)
Greenwich, Kingdom of England Death: March 24, 1603(1603-03-24) (69 years old)
Richmond, Kingdom of England Place of burial: Westminster Abbey Birth: Tudors Father: Henry VIII Mother: Anne Boleyn
Autograph:
Elizabeth I on Wikimedia Commons
There are articles on Wikipedia about other people with the name Elizabeth I (values).
Elizabeth I (September 7, 1533 March 24, 1603), Good Queen Bess[1], Queen Maiden[2] — Queen of England and Queen of Ireland since November 17, 1558, the last of the Tudor dynasty.
The youngest daughter of King Henry VIII of England and his second wife Anne Boleyn.
The reign of Elizabeth is sometimes called the "golden age of England" in connection with the flourishing of culture (the so called "Elizabethans": Shakespeare, Marlowe, Bacon, etc.) and with the increased importance of England on the world stage (the defeat of the Invincible Armada, Drake, Reilly, the East India Company).
Content
1 The daughter of Henry VIII 2 The" Strange " decision of the Princess 3 Youth 4 The disgraced sister of Mary Tudor 5 The first steps of the young queen 6 The first experience of warfare 7 The grounds for Mary Stuart's claims to the crown of England 8 The Mistress of the seas 9 Elizabeth I and Russia 10 The Patroness of the arts 11 The last years of life and death 12 The image in art 12.1 Literature 12.1.1 Books about Elizabeth Tudor
12.2 Cinema 12.3 Other
13 Notes 14 References 15 References
The daughter of Henry VIII[edit / edit wiki text]
Henry VIII
Anne Boleyn.
Elizabeth was born on Sunday, September 7, 1533 at the Royal Palace in Greenwich.
The king married her mother for passionate love.
In addition, Henry VIII hoped that Anna would give him the long awaited sons.
(A long term marriage with Catherine of Aragon did not give England a male heir, and the position of the Tudor dynasty was very precarious).
Thus, the birth of Elizabeth did not please anyone — the royal family already had a daughter, Princess Mary, and the appearance of another girl caused rather anger and sadness in the impulsive king.
However, the celebrations on the occasion of the birth of the princess were extremely magnificent.
The girl's baptism took place in the same Greenwich on September 10: she received her name in honor of Henry VIII's mother, Elizabeth of York.
In December 1533, the girl was assigned the residence of Hatfield House, a small palace near London, as a place of residence.
The parents rarely visited their daughter, although Anne Boleyn was attached to her daughter.
It cannot be said that Henry was indifferent to the girl.
She had only one flaw — her gender.
And the queen was still expected to have sons.
When Elizabeth was two years and eight months old, she lost her mother: Anne Boleyn was executed on charges of high treason.
Anna never gave birth to Henry's son and, according to the court, repeatedly cheated on her husband.
It was clear to everyone from the very beginning that Henry had decided to get rid of Anna, and the evidence of "multiple infidelities" was clearly falsified.
However, the execution was carried out on May 19, 1536.
Henry VIII hastened to remarry, and Elizabeth was recognized as illegitimate (as a few years ago he recognized Princess Mary as illegitimate).
Both previous royal marriages have now become invalid and had no legal consequences.
The" strange " decision of the princess[edit / edit wiki text]
Elizabeth, daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn
In 1537, the next Queen Jane Seymour gave birth to Henry's son Edward.
Despite the fact that Jane tried to reconcile the king with his innocent daughters, Elizabeth still remained at Hatfield House: Henry did not want to see the daughter of the "traitor Boleyn".
After the death of Queen Jane, Henry married three more times.
He simply divorced Anna of Cleves, and ordered the young Kate Howard to be executed for treason.
The death of the young queen shocked the nine year old Elizabeth almost more than the death of her mother.
It was at this age that the future queen formed a strong rejection of marriage.
There is a source from which this, strange at first glance, decision of the young princess is known — her correspondence with Henry's sixth wife, Catherine Parr.
In the historical literature, you can find a more "romantic" version.
Allegedly, Elizabeth confessed to her childhood friend, Robert Dudley, that she would never marry.
For her, any submission to a man was now associated with death.
This persistence was not at all her strange whim or, as many novelists and historians tend to believe, the result of her secret physiological or mental deviation.
Youth[edit / edit wiki text]
Catherine Parr — Elizabeth's favorite stepmother
Edward VI is Elizabeth's half brother.
Elizabeth began to show her natural abilities very early — at the age of ten, she spoke Greek, Italian and French well.
Her Latin was impeccable — in this language, the princess not only read the works of Roman historians, but also wrote lengthy letters to her stepmother, Catherine Parr.
Despite the fact that Elizabeth was still considered illegitimate, her upbringing was handled by the best teachers from Cambridge.
They were young, free thinking scientists, adherents of the Reformation.
Over time, Elizabeth was joined by her younger brother Edward.
It was in 1543-1547 that a relatively calm atmosphere was established in the royal family — Henry was quite happy with Catherine Parr, he had a prince heir growing up, and his daughters, at least outwardly, reconciled themselves to their position as "illegitimate".
On January 28, 1547, Elizabeth, who was in Enfield, was informed that her father had died.
The king's will stated that he left the throne to his son Edward.
In the event of Edward's death (in the absence of heirs), Mary inherits him, then her children, then Elizabeth and her children.
With this last manifestation of the monarch's will, Henry VIII "recognized" his daughters and gave them hope, if not for the crown of England, then for a worthy marriage with a prince of any European country.
Elizabeth's stepmother, Catherine Parr, soon after the end of mourning for the king, married the court adventurer Thomas Seymour,the uncle of Edward VI.
However, Seymour was extremely ambitious — he was not close enough to the throne of the Seymour clan, he wanted more.
There is a version that Thomas Seymour wanted to eventually marry Princess Elizabeth, and while she was very young, he began to take care of her.
Some sources point to the mutual sympathy of Elizabeth and Thomas, but there is no serious confirmation of this fact.
Catherine Parr, despite the almost maternal love for her stepdaughter, still sent her to the Cheshunt estate in Hertfordshire.
There Elizabeth continued her studies with the teacher Roger Esham.
Elizabeth idolized this man, who had encyclopedic knowledge, all her life.
Thomas Seymour in 1549, after the death of Catherine Parr from puerperal fever, attempted a coup d'etat.
He failed, and at the end of January 1549, the royal uncle was executed.
Elizabeth was also suspected of involvement in the Seymour conspiracy, but she managed to prove her innocence.
In 1551, Edward VI invited Elizabeth to the court — the brother and sister had always treated each other with great tenderness, so it was a blow for Elizabeth when Edward died on July 6, 1553.
Family tree of the descendants of Henry VII Tudor in July 1553
Henry VII
1457—1509
Elizabeth
York
1466—1503
James IV
Stuart
1473—1513
Margaret
Tudor
1489—1541
Archibald
Douglas
1489—1557
Arthur
Tudor
1486—1502
Ekaterina
Aragonese
1485—1536
Henry VIII
1491—1547
Anna
Boleyn
ca. 1507-1536
Jane
Seymour
ca. 1508-1537
Maria
Tudor
1496—1533
Charles
Brandon
ca. 1484-1545
Maria
de Guise
1515—1560
James V
Stuart
1512—1542
Margaret
Douglas
1515—1578
Matthew
Stuart
1516—1571
Mary I
1516—1558
Elizabeth I
1533—1603
Edward VI
1537—1553
Francis
Brandon
1517—1559
Henry
Warm
1517—1554
Eleanor
Brandon
1519—1547
Henry
Clifford
1517—1570
Maria
Stuart
1542—1587
Henry Stewart
(Lord Darnley)
1545—1567
Jane
Warm
ca. 1537-1554
Katerina
Warm
1540—1568
Maria
Warm
ca. 1545-1578
Margaret
Clifford
1540—1596
Notes: The heirs of Edward VI according to the will of Henry VIII: the first of the second stage.
Those who died before July 6, 1553, inclusive, and their spouses
After the death of the king, the Lord Protector John Dudley elevated the young Jane Grey, the great — granddaughter of Henry VII, to the throne.
The country was in turmoil.
As a result of the armed conflict between the supporters of Jane I and the adherents of Princess Mary, the latter won.
By and large, none of the parties to the conflict was beneficial for Elizabeth.
If the party of Jane Grey had won, Elizabeth would have lost her place in the order of succession, but could freely profess her Protestant faith.
If Mary had won the upper hand, she would have remained the main contender for the throne, but her position under the devout Catholic queen would have become extremely dangerous.
Elizabeth prudently stayed at Hatfield — she was warned of the danger by Lord William Cecil, the secretary of the Council.
Elizabeth's time has not yet come.
On the throne was a zealous Catholic Mary I.
The disgraced sister of Mary Tudor[edit / edit wiki text]
Portrait of Mary I
Mary I enters London…
In October 1553, Mary I was crowned in London.
The queen was thirty seven years old, twenty of which were years of trials for her.
From the very first days of her reign, Mary began to act actively: her main task was to return England to the bosom of the Catholic Church.
The majority of the population of England remained Catholics, but a narrow stratum of Protestant nobles who advanced under Henry and Edward had a disproportionately high influence in society.
In January 1554, the Protestant Thomas Wyatt raised a rebellion in Kent in order to prevent the marriage between Mary and Philip.
It is likely that the real, secret purpose of the conspirators was to transfer the crown to Elizabeth, but Mary's investigators were unable to extract any evidence against Elizabeth from the captured rebels.
Mary imprisoned Elizabeth in the Tower, but at the request of the Privy Council spared her life.
Here, in the Tower, her childhood friend, Robert Dudley, was imprisoned
There is a version that the young people communicated during walks in the courtyard of the Tower, and this communication was the beginning of their future love.
Discontent with the Queen's policy was growing in England.
It became obvious after Philip of Spain, the future husband of Mary, arrived in London in the summer of 1554.
On the eve of her wedding, the Queen released her sister from the Tower of London.
The queen's decision was influenced by the fact that Thomas Wyatt swore before his execution that " my Lady Elizabeth never knew about the conspiracy..."
However, the princess did not stay at court — she was sent into exile to Woodstock (Oxfordshire).
At Woodstock, Elizabeth was not allowed to write letters, and books were brought to her only according to a strictly approved list.
And at the same time, Elizabeth was still considered the heir to the throne — the marriage of Mary and Philip turned out to be childless.
Elizabeth was returned to her residence Hatfield House, and the modest court of the princess immediately began to attract young aristocrats.
In addition, Philip himself favored his relative: he felt much more sympathy for her than for his gloomy wife.
He also did not want to spoil relations with the heir to the throne: Maria was extremely unwell.
At the beginning of November 1558, Queen Mary felt that her days were numbered.
The council insisted that she officially appoint her sister as the heir, but the queen resisted: she knew that Elizabeth would bring back to England the Protestantism that Mary hated.
Only under pressure from Philip did Mary yield to the demand of her advisers, realizing that otherwise the country could plunge into the chaos of civil war.
The queen died on November 17, 1558, remaining in history as Mary the Bloody (or Bloody Mary).
Elizabeth, having received the news of her sister's death, said: "The Lord has decided so.
His deeds are wonderful in our eyes."
The first steps of the young queen[edit / edit wiki text]
Coronation portrait of Elizabeth I
Three days after Mary's death, the first council of the Queen met.
She appointed William Cecil as her Secretary of State; Robert Dudley was appointed equerry, Thomas Perry became treasurer of the court: Elizabeth rewarded all those who rendered her services during the period of disgrace.
On November 28, 1558, the triumphal procession entered London: the young queen was greeted by enthusiastic crowds.
At the time of taking the throne, Elizabeth was twenty five years old.
By the standards of the XVI century, when many did not live to fifty, it was quite a solid age.
However, everyone noted that the queen looks much younger than her peers.
This youthfulness, in addition to physical activity and moderation in nutrition, was also facilitated by the fact that the queen was not exhausted by multiple births (and miscarriages), like most women of her age.
In addition, Elizabeth I paid attention to fashion and for the first time in the world in 1566 appeared at an official event in Oxford with gloves extended to the elbow[3].
Elizabeth chose for her coronation the day of January 15, 1559, that is, immediately after the Christmas holidays: she wanted to give England a few more holidays.
On January 25, 1559, the first Parliament of Elizabeth opened.
Having assumed the crown, the young empress immediately felt the full weight of this burden — the country (like the whole of Europe) was split into two irreconcilable camps — Catholics and Protestants.
Elizabeth did not expel or repress any of the adherents of the late Mary.
With her" Act of Uniformity", the Queen showed that she would follow the course of the Reformation initiated by her predecessors Henry VIII and Edward VI, but Catholics in England were not forbidden to celebrate Mass.
This act of religious tolerance allowed the Queen to avoid a civil war.
Already on February 10, the Parliament appealed to the Queen to provide the English throne with an heir: she was ordered to choose a spouse.
The list of candidates was opened by Philip II, who was once married to Maria I, followed by Archdukes Frederick and Karl Habsburg, Swedish Crown Prince Eric.
Over time, the Duke of Anjou and even the tsar of All Russia, John Vasilyevich the Terrible, will be added to them.
The parliament continued to insist on the choice of the groom.
Elizabeth did not intend to share power with a man, but in 1559 she could not openly argue with parliament: he was given an evasive answer.
A long term favorite of the Queen was Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.
Their friendship was born at an early age, since as children they grew up nearby.
After the death of Robert Dudley's wife Amy Robsart, who allegedly committed suicide, he had even less chance to get close to the queen: she valued the power and the people's favor much more than the most ardent passion.
The Queen was forced to conduct a thorough investigation of all the circumstances of the case related to the death of Amy Robsart.
Dudley's innocence was proven, but rumors about the murder circulated for a long time.
The Queen's affair with Lord Dudley lasted for more than a decade and was interrupted only because of his death in 1588.
Throughout her reign, Elizabeth repeatedly stated that their relationship was exclusively platonic.
So, at the end of 1562, when the queen fell ill with smallpox, when she appointed Robert Dudley Lord Protector of the kingdom in the event of her death, she told the courtiers that there had "never been anything vulgar"between her and Sir Robert.
Even at the end of her life, Elizabeth steadily insisted on her virginity.
Nevertheless, there is one rather mysterious fact in history.
In the papers of the Spanish minister Francis Engelfield (for many years he was a spy at the English court and, eventually, was expelled from England), three letters were found that he sent to the Spanish king in 1587.
They reported that an Englishman was arrested on board a ship that came to Spain from France, who was suspected of espionage.
During the interrogation, he admitted that his name was Arthur Dudley and that he was the illegitimate son of Robert Dudley and Queen Elizabeth I of England.
According to him, he was born somewhere between 1561 and 1562, and immediately after the birth of Catherine Ashley (the queen's nanny, who was with her throughout her life) gave him to be raised in the family of Robert Southern.
Arthur's personal teacher was John Smith, a close friend of Southern.
Until the death of Southern, Arthur considered himself his son.
However, on his deathbed, Robert Southern confessed to the young man that he was not his father, and revealed to him the secret of his birth.
This version is currently strongly supported, proved and developed by the English scientist historian Paul Docherty.[source not specified 1155 days]
Indirect evidence of this theory does exist.
Among them is, for example, the fact that in many letters of foreign ambassadors who worked at the English court, quite often and regularly there are references to the fact that around 1561 the queen fell ill "most likely with dropsy", because she was "incredibly bloated, especially in the abdominal area".
In the surviving written prayers of Elizabeth after 1562, words that had never existed before and that could not be explained begin to appear.
For example, she asks God to forgive her her sin (without any indication of the nature of the sin itself).
What exactly was meant by the queen is unknown, but the time of the appearance of these words coincides with the time of the alleged birth of Arthur.
The British State Archive holds the will of Robert Southern, on which John Smith signed as a witness.
That is, these people are completely real historical figures who also maintained a close connection with each other.
By the BBC Television Company (Great Britain) a documentary film "The Secret Life of Elizabeth I" was made, which describes in detail both this story and all the evidence found by Doherty in support of his hypothesis.
Nevertheless, the question of the true identity of Arthur Dudley continues to remain open today.
The first experience of waging war[edit / edit wiki text]
King James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise
In May 1559, a Protestant uprising broke out in neighboring Scotland against the Queen Regent, Marie de Guise, a French woman, the mother of Mary Stuart.
Cecil advised Elizabeth to support the Protestants of Scotland, but she refused this step, realizing that such an intervention could provoke an armed conflict with France, which flooded Scotland with its troops.
Even then, at the very beginning of the reign, the queen developed her own, very cautious, foreign policy.
Elizabeth provided material support to the Scottish Protestants.
The money was taken out secretly, and no one could accuse the queen of complicity.
However, in 1560, the Privy Council forced Elizabeth to begin an intervention.
The Scottish Protestants, with the support of English troops, defeated the supporters of Mary of Guise, and on July 6, 1560, a treaty was signed in Edinburgh, consolidating this victory.
England and France withdrew their troops from Scotland.
Mary of Guise had died by this time, and power was transferred to the regency council of the Scottish Protestant lords.
Mary Stuart (at that time the wife of Francis II) was asked to permanently refuse to include the coat of arms of England in her coat of arms, in other words, never to make claims to the English crown.
However, Mary did not ratify the Treaty of Edinburgh.
It was from this moment that the long term enmity of the two queens began.
On December 5, 1560, Mary Stuart's husband died, and in 1561 she returned to Edinburgh to accept the crown of Scotland.
The grounds for Mary Stuart's claims to the Crown of England[edit / edit wiki text]
Mary Stuart
Elizabeth and Mary were too often opposed to each other: with the light hand of Friedrich Schiller, Mary is presented as an innocent victim, and Elizabeth is a bloody despot.
In reality, everything was not so clear.
Elizabeth was quite the rightful queen of England, but Mary Stuart was sure of her rights to the English crown until the end of her days, being the great granddaughter of Henry VII.
The environment inspired Mary Stuart that she had much more rights than the" bastard " Elizabeth.
Mary was not the only contender for the throne.
Other candidates included Lady Frances Grey's younger daughters, Catherine and Mary, mentioned both in the Act of Succession of 1543 and in the will of Henry VIII.
Mary Stuart was not listed in the king's will at all.
On the other hand, many Catholics in England and abroad considered her the legitimate (or, in any case, more desirable) ruler - as opposed to the "heretic" Elizabeth.
Maria herself emphasized her priority in every possible way and did not give up her claims, even while under investigation.
The Lady of the Seas[edit / edit wiki text]
Francis Drake
Flag of Virginia
King Henry VII, in fact, created a royal navy, Henry VIII encouraged maritime trade, Mary Tudor sent an expedition to search for the northeast passage to China and India.
But it was only during the reign of Elizabeth that England turned into a powerful maritime power.
It was under Elizabeth that the brothers William and John Hawkins began their trade and pirate raids.
At the end of the 1560s, the star "rose" by Francis Drake.
It was then that the cause of future conflicts with Spain was outlined: English sailors regularly robbed Spanish ships and raided the coasts of the Spanish colonies.
In the 1570s, a strange war on the seas unfolded, which was not declared by either side.
Official Madrid and London preferred to turn a blind eye to these "private wars" and limited themselves to formal protests.
One way or another, England gradually won back from Spain the authority of the "main maritime power".
This is evidenced not only by the pirate attacks, but also by Drake's journey around the American mainland, and the foundation of the first English settlement in North America in 1587, and the activities of Walter Raleigh.
On August 18, 1587, the first child, Virginia Dare, was born in the first colony on Roanoke Island founded by the British in America.
Elizabeth personally sponsored all these events.
In historical literature, she is often condemned for secretly and openly patronizing robbers, however, it is worth noting that such behavior of kings was then the norm rather than the exception.
In politics, the principle prevailed: "whoever is stronger is right."
The naval Battle of Gravelines (1588) between the British and Spanish fleets north of Calais ended with the defeat of the Spanish Grand Armada.
Elizabeth I and Russia[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Correspondence of Ivan the Terrible and Elizabeth I
Reception of the English Ambassador by Ivan the Terrible
The relationship between Elizabethan England and the Russian Kingdom is quite fully characterized by two aspects: the activities of the Moscow company and Elizabeth's personal correspondence with Ivan IV.
Muscovy Trading Company (Moscow Trading Company) was founded back in 1551, that is, during the reign of Edward VI.
However, this trading enterprise reached its heyday precisely with the support of Elizabeth I.
The commercial interests of Muscovy Trading Company played a significant role in the diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Tsarist and royal missions were very often performed by representatives of the Moscow company, and it soon received its own representative office in Moscow.
The residence of the Moscow Company (the Old English Courtyard, now a museum) was located not far from the Kremlin - on Varvarke Street.
Elizabeth was the only woman with whom Ivan the Terrible corresponded.
The Russian tsar has repeatedly considered the possibility of concluding matrimonial relations abroad (for example, with Ekaterina Jagiellonka).
The share of Ivan the Terrible's epistolary addresses to Elizabeth Tudor (11 epistles) is 1/20 of the entire preserved and published epistolary heritage of Ivan the Terrible.
This is one of the most voluminous and lengthy correspondences of the Russian tsar.
The first letter is dated 1562.
The tsar offered to marry her and hoped for political asylum in case of troubles or other unforeseen circumstances.
Elizabeth refused the marriage proposal.
According to experts, Ivan the Terrible's reply letter was written in such a rude tone that if he were an ordinary Englishman, he would face punishment:
"We thought that you were the ruler of your land and wanted the honor and benefits of your country.
Already you have people who own past you, and not only people, but also trading peasants, and they are not looking for profit about our sovereign heads, and about honesty, and about the lands, but they are looking for their trade profits.
And you remain in your maiden rank as a vulgar maiden."
After that, the correspondence was interrupted, it was resumed in 1582.
In August 1582, Fyodor Pisemsky was sent to England with an assignment to arrange for an alliance with the Queen against the King of Poland in the war for Livonia.
In addition, the tsar intended to marry the Queen's niece, Maria Hastings, Countess of Hoptington.
This regular matchmaking did not lead to anything, but the correspondence of Ivan the Terrible with Elizabeth continued until the death of the tsar in 1584.
It is noteworthy that both rulers were crowned in January, with a difference of only one day — January 15 and January 16.
Under Boris Godunov, relations with England were preserved.
In 1600-1601, the embassy of G. I. Mikulin was located in London, which conveyed a message from the tsar to the queen and received a letter of reply from her.
Patroness of the Arts[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Elizabethan Drama
During the reign of Elizabeth, the dramatic art flourished.
This was facilitated by the queen herself, who patronized the theater.
She herself participated in amateur performances.
In addition, in 1582, under the patronage of Elizabeth I, a Royal Troupe was created, to which William Shakespeare belonged.
The last years of life and death[edit / edit wiki text]
In recent years, the deaths of close friends have undermined the Queen's health.
In February 1603, she fell into a deep depression, melancholy.
On March 24, 1603, she died at Richmond Palace and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
By the end of her life, the queen began to realize that her appearance was no longer as attractive as before, and she learned to skillfully distract attention from her face with expensive, richly decorated outfits, and the older she got, the more grandiose the dresses became.
It must be admitted that she has always been distinguished by her fastidiousness in fashion.
In addition, there was an increasingly thick layer of powder on her face.
Because of the queen's strong passion for sweets, her teeth were in a very deplorable state by the end of her life — most of them simply rotted.
With the death of the queen, the Tudor dynasty ended and the Stuart dynasty began, as Elizabeth I appointed James I, the son of Mary Stuart, as her successor.
Image in art[edit / edit wiki text]
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
The main character in the tragedy of F. Schiller "Mary Stuart" is the character of the adventure story "The Key to the Mystery" by Jeffrey Treese The main character of the novel "Kenilworth" by W. Scott The main character of the play "The Dark Lady of Sonnets" by Bernard Shaw The main female character of the novel "The Angel of the West Window"by Gustav Meyrink.
In this novel, she acts as the hermetic wife of the magician and alchemist John Dee An episodic character in the novel "The Dogs of God" by Raphael Sabatini A character in the historical detective Phil Rickman "The Bones of Avalon" A character in the historical novel Bertrice Small "The Saga of the O'Malley Family" (in 1-5 books)
Books about Elizabeth Tudor[edit / edit wiki text]
Boris Gribanov "Elizabeth I, Queen of England"; Karen Harper "The Queen"; Rosalyn Miles "I, Elizabeth"; Carollie Erickson "Elizabeth I"; Evelyn Anthony "Elizabeth I"; Olga Dmitrieva "Elizabeth Tudor"; Natalia Pavlishcheva " Elizabeth.
The Virgin Queen's Love"; Tasha Alexander " Elizabeth.
The Golden Age"; Robert N. Stevens, John Bennett "The Secret of Queen Elizabeth"; Christopher Haig "Elizabeth I of England"; Jean Pleidy "Elizabeth of England"; Victoria Balashova "Elizabeth Tudor.
The killer's daughter"; Victoria Holt "The Carefree Lord and Queen"; Victoria Holt "My Enemy is the Queen"; Alison Ware "Lady Elizabeth"; Philippa Gregory "The Queen's Lover" (The Virgin's Lover, 2004) (English) Russian.
Alison Ware "Queen Elizabeth".
Movies[edit / edit wiki text]
Sarah Bernhardt in the short silent film "Queen Elizabeth" (1912) Hannah Ralph in the German film "The Queen's Favorite" / Der Favorit der Königin (1922) Bette Davis in the film "The Private Life of Elizabeth and Essex" (1939) Flora Robson in the films "The Sea Hawk" (1940), "The Flame over England" (1937) Jean Simmons in the film "Baby Bess" (1953) Bette Davis in the movie "The Virgin Queen" (1955) Vivienne Bennett in the series "The Chase" (1965) season 2 of the TV series "Doctor Who".
Glenda Jackson in the TV series "Elizabeth: Queen of England" (1971) and the film "Mary Queen of Scots" (1971) Marina Neelova in the Soviet TV movie "The Prince and the Beggar" (1972) Elizabeth Ann O'Brien in the TV series "The Prince and the Beggar" (1996) Miranda Richardson in the TV series "The Black Viper" Quentin Crisp in the film Sally Potter "Orlando" (1992) based on the novel of the same name by Virginia Woolf Angela Pleasence in the series "The Shakespeare Code" (2007) season 3 of the TV series "Doctor Who".
Cate Blanchett in the films "Elizabeth" (1998) and "The Golden Age" (2007) Judi Dench in the film "Shakespeare in Love" Catherine McCormack in the miniseries Conspiracy against the Crown (2004) Helen Mirren in the miniseries "Elizabeth I" (2005) Ann Mary Duff in the miniseries "The Virgin Queen" (2005) Laois Murray, Kate Duggan and Claire McCauley in the TV series "The Tudors" (2010) Anonymous (2011; Great Britain, Germany, USA) directed by Roland Emmerich, as Elizabeth Joely Richardson (in her youth), Vanessa Redgrave (in old age).
Joanna Page in the anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" (2013) of the TV series "Doctor Who".
Rachel Skarsten in the TV series "The Kingdom" (2014)
Other[edit / edit wiki text]
The character of the rock work "The Six Wives of Henry VIII" by Rick Wakeman (1973) In the Dutch rock opera Ayreon, the song "Dragon On The Sea" is performed on her behalf and is addressed to Drake.
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
This nickname is mentioned in the book "Vanity Fair" by W. Thackeray and in the novel "The Antique Shop" by Charles Dickens.
↑ Radio ECHO of Moscow :: Everything is so, 15.07.2007 13: 14 Elizabeth I of England — the virgin of the nation: Natalia Basovskaya ↑ Like the back of her hand.
/ / The New Times, 08.11.2010
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Deryuzhinsky V. F.,.
Elizabeth, Queen of England // Brockhaus and Efron's Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 vols.
(82 volumes and 4 supplements).
- St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Elizabeth I of England is the virgin of the nation.
The program "Echo of Moscow" from the cycle "Everything is so" Elizabeth I Tudor Queen of England.
The program from the cycle of programs "Hour of Truth" on the channel "365 days of TV" Zakharov N. V., Lukov V. A. Elizabeth I Tudor / / Electronic encyclopedia "The World of Shakespeare".
Zakharov N. V. Elizavetintsy / / Electronic encyclopedia "The World of Shakespeare".
The predecessor:
Mary I Queen of England
1558-1603 Successor:
James I
Kings of England Before the Norman
conquests
Alfred the Great • Edward the Elder • Ethelstan * Edmund I • Edred • Edvig • Edgar • Edward the Martyr • Ethelred II • Sven Forkbeard*† * Edmund II • Knud the Great * † * Harold I • Hardeknud* • Edward the Confessor * Harold II Godwinson • Edgar Atheling
The Norman Dynasty
William I the Conqueror× * William II • Henry I× • Stefan×
Plantagenets Matilda • Henry II×‡ Ξ * Richard I × ‡ Ξ • John the Landless×‡ Ξ * Louis VIIIΔ * Henry III ‡ Ξ • Edward I ‡ Ξ • Edward II ‡ Ξ • Edward III ‡ Ξ * Richard II ‡ Ξ
Lancasters Henry IV‡ • Henry V ‡ Ξ * Henry VI Δ Δ York Edward IV‡ • Edward V‡ * Richard III‡
The Tudors
Henry VII‡ • Henry VIII‡ • Edward VI‡ * Jane Grey‡ • Mary I‡ • Elizabeth I‡
The Stewarts
James I‡§ • Charles I§ § * Revolution • Charles II‡§ • James II§ § * William III‡§¶ + Maria II‡§ * Anna‡§
* Monarch of Denmark * † Monarch of Norway * × Duke of Normandy • Ξ Duke of Aquitaine • ‡ Monarch of Ireland • Δ monarch of France • § monarch of Scotland • ¶ Stadtholder of the Netherlands
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth I&oldid=75647876"
Categories: Born on September 7, Born in 1533 Persons alphabetically Born in Greenwich Died on March 24, Died in 1603 Died in London Kings of Ireland Reigning Queens of England Rulers of the XVI century Rulers of the XVII century Pretenders to the throne of France Tudors
Hidden categories: Wikipedia:Articles with redefinition of the value from Wikidata Wikipedia:No sources since November 2012 Wikipedia:Articles with statements without sources for more than 14 days
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