Kipling, Rudyard
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Rudyard Kipling Rudyard Kipling
Birth name: Joseph Rudyard Kipling
Date of birth: December 30 1865(1865-12-30)[1][2]
Place of birth: Bombay, British India
Date of death: January 18 1936(1936-01-18)[1][2] (70 years)
Place of death: London, British Empire
Citizenship (citizenship): Great Britain
Occupation: novelist, poet
Creative years: 1886-1932
Language of works: English
Debut: "Departmental songs" (1886, collection of poems)
Prizes: Nobel Prize in Literature (1907)
Works on the site Lib.ru Works in Wikitek Files on Wikimedia Commons
Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865, Bombay — 18 January 1936, London) was an English novelist, poet and short story writer.
His best works are considered to be" The Jungle Book "(The Jungle Book), "Kim" (Kim), as well as numerous poems.
In 1907, Kipling became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.
In the same year, he received awards from the universities of Paris, Strasbourg, Athens and Toronto; he was also awarded honorary degrees from Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and Durham universities.
Kipling's works are characterized by a rich language full of metaphors.
The writer has made a great contribution to the treasury of the English language.
Content
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1 Biography 1.1 Childhood 1.2 Career of a writer 1.3 The time of the First World War 1.4 The last days of a writer
2 In Freemasonry 3 List of works 3.1 Translations into Russian
4 Film adaptations 5 Kipling in Soviet and Russian animation 6 Influence 7 Notes 8 References
Biography[edit / edit wiki text]
Childhood[edit / edit wiki text]
Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, in British India, the son of John Lockwood Kipling, a professor at the local School of Art, and Alice (MacDonald) Kipling.
He received the name Rudyard, as it is believed, in honor of the English Lake Rudyard, where his parents met.
The early years, full of exotic sights and sounds of India, were very happy for the future writer.
But at the age of 5, Kipling, along with his 3 year old sister, was sent to a boarding school in England — in Southsea (Portsmouth) For the next six years — from October 1871 to April 1877 — Kipling lived in a private boarding house at Lorne Lodge (4 Campbell Road), which was maintained by a married couple of Price E. Holloway, a former merchant marine captain, and Sarah Holloway.
They mistreated the boy, often punished him.
This attitude affected him so much that he suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life.
At the age of 12, his parents arrange for him to attend a private Devon school, so that he could then enter a prestigious military academy.
(Later, Kipling will write an autobiographical work "Stalky and Company"about the years spent at the school).
The principal of the school was Cormell Price, a friend of Rudyard's father.
It was he who began to encourage the boy's love for literature.
Myopia did not allow Kipling to choose a military career, and the school did not give diplomas for admission to other universities.
Impressed by the stories written at the school, his father finds him a job as a journalist in the editorial office of the Civil and Military Gazette, published in Lahore (British India, now Pakistan).
In October 1882, Kipling returned to India and began working as a journalist.
In his spare time, he writes short stories and poems, which are then published by the newspaper along with reports.
The work of a reporter helps him to better understand the various aspects of the colonial life of the country.
The first sales of his works begin in 1883.
Oh, the West is the West, the East is the East, and they will not leave their places,
Until Heaven and Earth appear before the Terrible Judgment of the Lord.
But there is no East, and there is no West, which is a tribe, a homeland, a genus,
If the strong with the strong face to face at the edge of the earth rises?
from "The Ballad of the East and the West"
(translated by E. G. Polonskaya)
Career as a writer[edit / edit wiki text]
In London, he meets a young American publisher, Walcott Balestir, they are working together on the novel "Naulahka" (The Naulahka).
In 1892, Balestir dies of typhus, and soon after that Kipling marries his sister Caroline.
During the honeymoon, the bank in which Kipling had savings went bankrupt.
The couple had only enough money left to get to Vermont (USA), where the Bailestir relatives lived.
They have been living here for the next four years.
At this time, the writer again begins to write for children; in 1894-1895, the famous "The Jungle Book" (The Jungle Book) and "The Second Jungle Book" (The Second Jungle Book) were published.
The poetry collections "The Seven Seas" (The Seven Seas) and "White theses" (The white thesis) are also published.
Two children are being born soon: Josephine and Elsie.
After a quarrel with his brother in law, Kipling and his wife returned to England in 1896.
In 1897, the novel "Brave Navigators" (Captains Courageous) was published.
In 1899, during a visit to the United States, his eldest daughter Josephine died of pneumonia, which was a huge blow for the writer.
In 1899, he spent several months in South Africa, where he met Cecil Rhodes, a symbol of British imperialism.
The novel "Kim" (Kim), which is considered one of the best novels of the writer, is published.
In Africa, he begins to select material for a new children's book, which is published in 1902 under the title "Fairy Tales just like that" (Just So Stories).
In the same year, he buys a country house in the county of Sussex (England), where he remains until the end of his life.
Here he writes his famous books " Puck of Pook's Hill "(Puck of Pook's Hill) and" Rewards and Fairies " (Rewards and Fairies) — fairy tales of Old England, united by the storyteller — elf Puck, taken from Shakespeare's plays.
Simultaneously with his literary activity, Kipling begins an active political activity.
He writes about the impending war with Germany, speaks in support of conservatives and against feminism.
The time of the First World War[edit / edit wiki text]
Literary activity is becoming less and less saturated.
Another blow for the writer was the death of his son John in the First World War in 1915.
He died during the Battle of Loos on 27 September 1915, while serving with a battalion of the Irish Guards.
The body of John Kipling was never found.
Kipling, who worked with his wife in the Red Cross during the war, spent four years trying to find out what happened to his son: he always had a glimmer of hope that perhaps his son was captured by the Germans.
In June 1919, having lost all hope, Kipling admitted in a letter to the military command that his son was most likely killed.
In one of the "Epitaphs of the War" (1919), he wrote: "If someone asks why we died, answer them, because our fathers lied to us."
About the story of the death of Kipling's son, British filmmakers in 2007 made a television film "My Boy Jack" (directed by Brian Kirk, starring David Haig and Daniel Radcliffe).
After the war, Rudyard Kipling became a member of the War Graves Commission.
It was he who chose the biblical phrase "Their names will live forever" on the obelisks of memory.
During a trip to France in 1922, he met the English King George V, with whom he later formed a great friendship.
The Age of Travel
In the mid 80s, Kipling began to travel around Asia and the United States as a correspondent for the Allahabad newspaper Pioneer, with which he signed a contract to write travel essays.
The popularity of his works is rapidly increasing, in 1888 and 1889, 6 books with his stories were published, which brought him recognition.
In 1889, he made a long trip to England, then visited Burma, China, and Japan.
He travels across the United States, crosses the Atlantic Ocean and settles in London.
He is beginning to be called the literary heir of Charles Dickens.
In 1890, his first novel "The Light went Out" (The Light That Failed) was published.
The most famous poems of that time are "The Ballad of East and West" (The Ballad of East and West), as well as "The Last Rhime of True Thomas" (The Last Rhime of True Thomas).
The last days of the writer[edit / edit wiki text]
Kipling continued his literary activity until the early 30s, although success accompanied him less and less.
Since 1915, the writer suffered from gastritis, which later turned out to be an ulcer.
Rudyard Kipling died of a perforated ulcer on January 18, 1936 in London[6], 2 days before George V.
He is buried in the Poets ' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
In Freemasonry[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the English magazine "Masonic Illustrations", Kipling became a Freemason around 1885, six months before the usual minimum age (21 years).
He was initiated in the lodge "Hope and Perseverance" No. 782, which was located in Lahore.
He later wrote in the London Times: I was the secretary of a lodge for several years... which included brothers of at least four faiths.
I was introduced [as an apprentice] by a member of the Brahmo Somaj, a Hindu, promoted [to the degree of an apprentice] by a Muslim, and elevated [to the degree of a master] by an Englishman.
Our doorman was an Indian Jew.
Kipling loved his Masonic experience so much that he captured it as his ideals in the poem "The Mother's Lodge".
He was also a member of the French lodge "Builders of the Perfect City" No. 12, in Saint Omer.
9].
List of works[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Kipling's Bibliography
Translations into Russian[edit / edit wiki text]
The fairy tales of the "Just so stories" series were first published in Russian already in 1903 and were repeatedly reprinted in original translations 11 times, including 4 times before 1918 and 7 times after 1989. [10]
The first collection of Kipling's poems in Russian was published in 1922, translated by Ada Onoshkovich Yatsyna.
Kipling, Rudyard.
Mowgli: art lit ra / R. Kipling; artist G. Zolotovskaya; lane L. V. Ochapovsky.
Moscow: Eksmo Press, 2002.
- 224 p. ISBN 5-04-007542-1.
Film adaptations[edit / edit wiki text]
"Little Willie Winkie" (Wee Willie Winkie) — dir.
John Ford (USA, 1937) " The Brave Captains "(Captains Courageous) — dir.
Victor Fleming (USA, 1937) "Gunga Din" (Gunga Din) — dir.
George Stevens (USA, 1939) "Kim" (Kim) — dir.
Victor Saville (USA, 1950) "The Man Who wanted to be King" (The Man Who Would Be King) — dir.
John Huston (USA UK, 1975) "Rikki Tikki Tavi" - dir.
Alexander Zguridi (USSR India, 1975) "The Jungle Book" (The Jungle Book) — dir.
Stephen Sommers (USA, 1994) "The Jungle Book" (The Jungle Book) — dir.
Jon Favreau (USA, 2016)
Kipling in Soviet and Russian animation[edit / edit wiki text]
1936 The Elephant black and white 1936 — The Brave Sailor — black and white 1938 Why the rhinoceros has a skin in folds — black and white 1965 — Rikki tikki tavi 1967 The Elephant 1967 Raksha 1968 The Abduction 1968 — The Cat Who Walked by Himself 1969 Akela's Last Hunt 1970 The Battle 1971 Return to people In 1973, five episodes of "Mowgli" were assembled into a single cartoon.
1981 Hedgehog plus turtle 1984 — How the first letter was written 1988 — A Cat that walked by itself
Influence[edit / edit wiki text]
The title of the book "Fairy Tales just like that" (1902) was turned into an ironic description of the unscientific theoretical justification of Just so story (Literally: Just like that stories) in English language academic journalism.
In the TV series "Grimm" (6.04), Rudyard Kipling is mentioned as one of the Grimms.
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ Go to: 1 2 Record #118562290 / / Gemeinsame Normdatei — 2012-2016.
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q27302"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q304037"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q256507"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q170109"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q36578"></a>
↑ Go to: 1 2 Bibliothèque nationale de France: open data platform 2011.
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q20666306"></a>
Венг Vengerova Z. A. Kipling, Rudyard / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 vol. (82 volumes and 4 supplements).
- St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
↑ «A Very Young Person» // The Kipling Society ↑ Epitaphs of the War: «If any question why we died, Tell them, because our fathers lied» ↑ Rudyard Kipling’s Waltzing Ghost: The Literary Heritage of Brown's Hotel, Sandra Jackson Opoku, Literary Traveler ↑ Mackey, Albert G. (1946).
Encyclopedia of Freemasonry, Vol. 1. Chicago: The Masonic History Company ↑ Mackey, above.
R Rudyard Kipling ↑ Yudin A. A. Odintsova A. N. Spots of the Leopard: lexico semantic analysis of R. Kipling's fairy tale.
Nizhny Novgorod: NISOTS, 2013.
- C. 84.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Wikinovosti on the topic Rudyard Kipling:
An American researcher has found 50 unknown poems by Rudyard Kipling
There is a page on the topic in Wikicitatnik
Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard Kipling in the library of Maxim Moshkov Kipling's Fairy Tales by Rudyard Joseph Kipling's books in the original Kipling Rudyard about the work of the writer Kipling Rudyard more than 250 poems in Russian The Kipling Society "Kipling's Choice" by Geert Spillebeen, 2007.
ISBN 9780618800353.
«My boy Jack?»
The Search for Kipling’s Only Son by Tonie and Valmai Holt, 2008.
ISBN 9781844157044.
[hide] Winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901-1925
Sully Prudhomme (1901) • Theodor Mommsen (1902) • Bjornstjerne Bjornson (1903) • Frederick Mistral / Jose Echegaray and Eisaguirre (1904) • Henrik Sienkiewicz (1905) • Jozue Carducci (1906) • Rudyard Kipling (1907) • Rudolf Christoph Eiken (1908) • Selma Lagerlef (1909) • Paul Heise (1910) • Maurice Maeterlinck (1911) • Gerhart Hauptmann (1912) • Rabindranath Tagore (1913) • Romain Rolland (1915) • C. G. Werner von Heidenstam (1916) • Karl Gyellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan (1917) • Karl Spitteler (1919) • Knut Hamsun (1920) • Anatole France (1921) • Jacinto Benavente and Martinez (1922) * William Butler Yeats (1923 • * Vladislav Reymont (1924) • Bernard Shaw (1925)
Full list| 1901-1925 | 1926-1950 | 1951-1975 | 1976-2000 | since 2001
Thematic sites
Notable Names Database · Internet Movie Database · MusicBrainz · Project Gutenberg · Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Dictionaries and encyclopedias of Brockhaus and Efron · Small Brockhaus and Efron · Appletons' (1887-1901) · Britannica (online) * Oxford Biographical Dictionary
Regulatory Control BAV: ADV10189960 · BIBSYS: x90088673 · BNC: A10904220 · BNE: XX1719503 · BNF: 13091505S · CiNii: DA0046379X · EGAXA: 001080239 · GND: 118562290 · ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\009380 · ISNI: 0000 0001 2098 9213 · LCCN: n79103792 · NDL: 00445744 · NKC: jn19990004353 · NLA: 35272795 · NLR: RUNLRAUTH7757826, RUNLRAUTH775969 · NTA: 069062315 · NUKAT: n93081232 · PTBNP: 24768 · LIBRIS: 193587 · SUDOC: 026949962 · VIAF: 7524679
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