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Dali, El Salvador The query "Dali" is redirected here; see also other values.
Salvador Dali
Salvador Dalí
Photo by Carl van Vechten, November 29, 1939
Birth name: Salvador Domenech Felipe Jacint Dali and Domenech
Date of birth: May 11, 1904[1]
Place of birth: Figueres
Date of death: January 23, 1989[1][2] (84 years old)
Place of death: Figueres
Country: Spain
Genre: artist, painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director
Study: San Fernando School of Fine Arts, Madrid
Style: Surrealism, Dadaism, Cubism
Influences: Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Pablo Picasso
Works on Wikimedia Commons
Salvador Dali (full name Salvador Domenech Felipe Jacinte Dali and Domenech, Marquis de Dali de Pubol, cat.
Salvador Domènec Felip Jacint Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí de Púbol, Spanish.
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí y de Púbol;
May 11, 1904, Figueres — January 23, 1989, Figueres) was a Spanish painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director, writer.
One of the most famous representatives of surrealism. (1)
Worked on films: "The Andalusian Dog", "The Golden Age", "Spellbound".
He is the author of the books "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself" (1942)," The Diary of a Genius "(1952-1963), Oui: The Paranoid Critical Revolution (1927-33) and the essay"The Tragic Myth of Angelus Millet".
Contents · 1 Biography · 1.1 Childhood · 1.2 Youth · 1.3 Young years · 1.4 Break with the Surrealists · 1.5 The evolution of creativity.
Departure from Surrealism * 1.6 Dali in the USA · 1.7 Mature and Elderly years · 1.8 Recent years · 2 Works · 2.1 In Theater · 2.2 In Cinema · 2.3 In Design · 2.4 Sculptures · 3 Interesting Facts · 4 Dali's image in Cinema · 5 Notes · 6 Literature · 7 References Biography Childhood Salvador Dali was born in Spain on May 11, 1904 in Figueres, Girona province, in the family of a wealthy notary.
By nationality, he was a Catalan, perceived himself in this capacity and insisted on this feature of his.
3) Had a sister and an older brother (October 12, 1901 August 1, 1903), who died of meningitis.
Later, at the age of 5, at his grave, his parents told Salvador that he was the reincarnation of his older brother.
As a child, Dali was a quick witted, but arrogant and unruly child.
Once he even started a scandal on the shopping square for the sake of a lollipop, a crowd gathered around and the police asked the owner of the shop to open it during a siesta and give the same naughty boy this sweetness.
He got his way with whims and simulation, always trying to stand out and attract attention to himself.
Numerous complexes and phobias (fear of grasshoppers[3] and others) prevented him from getting involved in ordinary school life, making ordinary friendships and sympathies with children.
But, like any person, experiencing sensory hunger, he sought emotional contact with children by any means, trying to get used to their team, if not in the role of a friend, then in any other role, or rather the only one he was capable of — in the role of an outrageous and disobedient child, strange, eccentric, always acting contrary to other people's opinions.
4) When he lost in school gambling games, he behaved as if he had won, and was triumphant.
Sometimes he started fights for no reason.
In part, the complexes that led to all this were caused by the classmates themselves: they treated the" strange "child quite intolerantly, used his fear of grasshoppers, slipped these insects into his neck, which brought Salvador to hysteria, as he later told in his book "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself".
He began studying fine art at the municipal art school.
From 1914 to 1918, he was educated at the Academy of the Brothers of the Marist Order in Figueres.
One of his childhood friends was the future football player of FC Barcelona, Josep Samitier.
In 1916, with the family of Ramon Pichot, he went on vacation to the town of Cadakes, where he got acquainted with modern art.
Youth In 1921, he entered the San Fernando Academy.
The drawing prepared by him for the exam seemed too small to the caretaker, which he reported to his father, and he, in turn, to his son.
Young Salvador erased the entire drawing from the canvas and decided to draw a new one.
But he had only 3 days left before the final assessment.
However, the young man was in no hurry to work, which greatly disturbed his father, who had already suffered from his quirks for many years.
In the end, young Dali said that the drawing was ready, but it was even smaller than the previous one, and this was a blow for his father.
However, the teachers, due to their extremely high skill, made an exception and accepted the young eccentric to the academy.
11) In the same year, Salvador Dali's mother dies, which becomes a tragedy for him.
In 1922, he moved to the "Residence" (Spanish: Residencia de Estudiantes) (a student hostel in Madrid for gifted young people) and began his studies[4].
In those years, everyone notes his panache.
At this time, he meets Luis Bunuel, Federico Garcia Lorca, Pedro Garfias.
He reads the works of Freud with passion.
Acquaintance with new trends in painting is developing — Dali experiments with the methods of Cubism and Dadaism.
In 1926, He is expelled from the Academy for his arrogant and disdainful attitude towards teachers.
In the same year, he went to Paris for the first time, where he met Pablo Picasso.
Trying to find his own style, in the late 1920s he created a number of works influenced by Picasso and Joan Miro.
In 1929, Together with Bunuel, he participates in the creation of the surreal film "The Andalusian Dog".
At the same time, he first meets his future wife Gala (Elena Dmitrievna Diakonova), who was then the wife of the poet Paul Eluard.
Having become close to Salvador, Gala, however, continues to meet with her husband, starts passing relationships with other poets and artists, which at that time seemed acceptable in those bohemian circles where Dali, Eluard and Gala moved.
Realizing that he actually stole his friend's wife, Salvador paints his portrait as a "compensation".
Early years
Dali in 1934, Dali's works are shown at exhibitions, he is gaining popularity.
In 1929, he joined the Surrealist group organized by Andre Breton.
At the same time, there is a break with the father.
The dislike of the artist's family for Gala, the conflicts associated with this, scandals, as well as the inscription made by Dali on one of the canvases — "Sometimes I enjoy spitting on the portrait of my mother" — led to the fact that the father cursed his son and threw him out of the house.
Provocative, shocking and seemingly terrible actions of the artist were not always worth taking literally and seriously: probably, he did not want to offend his mother and did not even imagine what this would lead to, perhaps he was eager to experience a series of feelings and experiences that he stimulated with such a blasphemous, at first glance, act.
But the father, saddened by the long ago death of his wife, whom he loved and whose memory he cherished, could not stand the antics of his son, which became the last straw for him.
In retaliation, an indignant Salvador Dali sent his sperm to his father in an envelope with an angry letter: "This is all I owe you."
Later, in the book "Diary of a Genius", the artist, being already an elderly man, speaks well of his father, admits that he loved him very much and endured the suffering caused by his son.
In 1934, he unofficially married Gala (the official wedding took place in 1958 in the Spanish town of Girona).
In the same year, he visited the United States for the first time.
Break with the Surrealists After Caudillo Franco came to power in 1936, Dali quarrels with the Surrealists who stand on the left, and he is excluded from the group.
In response, Dali, not without reason, declares: "Surrealism is me."
Salvador was practically apolitical, and even his monarchist views should be understood surreal, that is, not seriously, as well as his constantly advertised sexual passion for Hitler.
He lived surreally, his statements and works had a broader and deeper meaning than the interests of specific political parties.
So, in 1933, he painted the picture The Riddle of Wilhelm Tell, where he depicts a Swiss folklore hero in the image of Lenin with a huge buttock.
Dali reinterpreted the Swiss myth according to Freud: Tell became a cruel father who wants to kill his child.
Personal memories of Dali, who broke up with his father, were layered.
Lenin was perceived by communist minded Surrealists as a spiritual, ideological father.
The picture depicts dissatisfaction with an overbearing parent, a step on the way to the formation of a mature personality.
But the Surrealists took the drawing literally, as a caricature of Lenin, and some of them even tried to destroy the canvas.
The evolution of creativity.
Departure from surrealism In 1937, the artist visits Italy and remains delighted with the works of the Renaissance.
In his own works, the correctness of human proportions and other features of academism begin to dominate.
Despite the departure from surrealism, his paintings are still filled with surrealist fantasies.
Later, Dali (in the best traditions of his conceit and outrageousness) ascribes to himself the salvation of art from modernist degradation, with which he associates his own name ("Salvador" means "Savior"in Spanish).
In 1939, Andre Breton, mocking Dali and the commercial component of his work (which, however, Breton himself was no stranger), came up with an anagram nickname for him: "Avida Dollars" (which in Latin is not quite accurate, but recognizably means "greedy for dollars").
Breton's joke instantly gained huge popularity, but did not harm Dali's commercial success, which far exceeded Breton's commercial success.
With the beginning of the Second World War, Dali and Gala left for the United States, where they lived from 1940 to 1948.
In 1942, he released a fictionalized autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali.
His literary experiments, as well as his artistic works, as a rule, turn out to be commercially successful.
He collaborates with Walt Disney.
He offers Dali to test his talent in cinema an art that at that time was covered with a halo of magic, miracles and wide opportunities.
But the project of the surreal cartoon Destino proposed by Salvador was considered commercially impractical, and work on it was discontinued.
Dali works with director Alfred Hitchcock and draws the scenery for the dream scene from the film "Spellbound".
However, the scene entered the film very stripped down — again for commercial reasons.
Mature and elderly years
Salvador Dali and ocelot.
Salvador Dali in 1972, After returning to Spain, lives mainly in his beloved Catalonia.
In 1965, he came to Paris and again, as almost 40 years ago, conquered it with his works, exhibitions and shocking actions.
He makes bizarre short films, makes surreal photos.
In the films, he mainly uses the effects of reverse viewing, but skillfully selected shooting objects (pouring water, a ball jumping on the steps), interesting comments, the mysterious atmosphere created by the artist's acting makes the films unusual examples of art house.
Dali appears in advertisements, and even in such commercial activities, he does not miss the opportunity for self expression.
Viewers will remember for a long time the advertising of chocolate, in which the artist bites off a piece of a tile, after which his mustache twists with euphoric delight, and he exclaims that he has gone crazy from this chocolate.
His relationship with Gala is quite complicated.
On the one hand, from the very beginning of their relationship, she promoted him, found buyers for his paintings, convinced him to write works that are more understandable to the mass audience (a striking change in his painting at the turn of the 20-30s), shared with him both luxury and need.
When there was no order for paintings, Gala forced her husband to develop product brands, costumes: her strong, determined nature was very necessary for a weak willed artist.
Gala put things in order in his studio, patiently folded canvases, paints, souvenirs, which Dali pointlessly scattered, looking for the right thing.
On the other hand, she constantly had relationships on the side, in later years the spouses often quarreled, Dali's love was rather a wild passion, and Gala's love was not devoid of calculation, with which she "married a genius".
In 1968, Dali bought a castle for Gala in the village of Pubol, in which she lived separately from her husband, and which he himself could visit only with the written permission of his wife.
In 1981, Dali developed Parkinson's disease.
In 1982, Gala died.
Recent years
A plaque on the wall in the room where Dali is buried After the death of his wife, Dali is experiencing a deep depression.
His paintings themselves are simplified, and for a long time the motif of grief prevails on them (variations on the theme of "Pieta").
Parkinson's disease also prevents Dali from drawing.
His most recent works ("Cockfights") are simple squiggles in which the bodies of the characters are guessed the last attempts of self expression of an unfortunate sick person.
It was difficult to take care of the sick and distraught old man, he threw himself at the nurses with whatever was handy, shouted, bit.
After the death of Gala, Salvador moved to Pubol, but in 1984 there was a fire in the castle.
The paralyzed old man unsuccessfully rang the bell, trying to call for help.
In the end, he overcame his infirmity, fell out of bed and crawled to the exit, but lost consciousness at the door.
Dali was taken to the hospital with severe burns, but survived.
Prior to this incident, it is possible that Salvador planned to be buried next to Gala, and even prepared a place in the crypt in the castle.
However, after the fire, he left the castle and moved to the theater museum, where he remained until the end of his days[5].
A sick, infirm man, Dali died on January 23, 1989 from a heart attack.
The only intelligible phrase that he uttered during the years of his illness was "My friend Lorca": the artist recalled the years of happy, healthy youth, when he was friends with the poet Federico Garcia Lorca.
The artist bequeathed to bury him so that people could walk on the grave, so Dali's body is immured in the floor in one of the rooms of the Dali Museum Theater in Figueres.
Works · See.
List of works by Salvador Dali In the Salvador Theater or Dali is the author of the libretto and design of the ballet "Bacchanalia "(music by Richard Wagner, choreography by Leonid Myasin, the Russian Ballet Monte Carlo).
In the cinema In 1945, in collaboration with Walt Disney, he began working on the animated film Destino.
Production was then postponed due to financial problems;
The Walt Disney Company released the film on screens in 2003.
In design, Salvador Dali is the author of the design of the Chupa Chups packaging.
Enrique Bernat called his caramel "Chups", and at first it had only seven flavors: strawberry, lemon, mint, orange, chocolate, coffee with cream and strawberry with cream.
The popularity of" Chups " grew, the amount of caramel produced increased, new flavors appeared.
Caramel could no longer remain in the original modest wrapper, it was necessary to come up with something original so that everyone would recognize the "Chups".
Enrique Bernat turned to his countryman, the famous artist Salvador Dali, with a request to draw something memorable[6].
The brilliant artist did not think for long and in less than an hour sketched him a picture of a daisy "Chupa Chups", which in a slightly modified form is now recognizable as the logo of "Chupa Chups" in all corners of the planet.
The difference between the new logo was also its location: it is not located on the side, but on top of the candy
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Dali, El Salvador
The "Dali" request is redirected here; see also
other values
.
Salvador Dali
Salvador Dalí
Photo
Carla
van Vechten
, November 29, 1939
Name when
birth:
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Dali, El Salvador The query "Dali" is redirected here; see also other values.
Salvador Dali Salvador Dalí
Photo by Carl van Vechten, November 29, 1939 Birth name: Salvador Domenech Felipe Jacint Dali and Domenech
