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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov biography, information, personal life
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (January 17 (29), 1860, Taganrog, Ekaterinoslav province (now Rostov Region) - July 2 (15), 1904, Badenweiler) - Russian writer, novelist, playwright.
A universally recognized classic of world literature.
A doctor by profession.
Honorary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of Fine Literature (1900-1902).
One of the most famous playwrights in the world.
His works have been translated into more than 100 languages.
Chekhov's plays, especially "The Seagull", "Three Sisters" and "The Cherry Orchard", have been staged in many theaters around the world for more than 100 years.
For 25 years of creativity, Chekhov has created more than 300 different works (short humorous stories, serious novels, plays), many of which have become classics of world literature.
Special attention was drawn to "Steppe", "Boring story", "Duel", "Ward No. 6", "The Story of an unknown man", "Men" (1897), "The Man in the case" (1898)," In the ravine"," Children"," Drama on the hunt"; from the plays:" Ivanov"," The Seagull"," Uncle Vanya"," Three Sisters","Cherry Orchard".
Anton Chekhov was born on January 17 (29), 1860 in a small house on Police Street (now - Chekhov) in Taganrog in the family of Pavel Egorovich Chekhov.
He was the third child.
In total, the Chekhov family had 6 children: 5 sons and a daughter.
Anton's early childhood was spent in endless church holidays, name days.
On weekdays after school, the brothers guarded their father's shop, and at 5 o'clock in the morning every day they got up to sing in the church choir.
As Chekhov himself said: "As a child, I did not have a childhood."
Chekhov's education began at a Greek school in Taganrog - on August 23, 1868, Anton Chekhov entered the preparatory class of the Taganrog gymnasium.
The men's classical gymnasium was the oldest educational institution in the south of Russia (founded in 1806 as a commercial one, since 1866 - a classical one).
At the gymnasium, his vision of the world, his love for books, knowledge and the theater were formed, there he received his first literary pseudonym "Chekhov", which was awarded to him by the teacher of the Law of God Fyodor Platonovich Pokrovsky.
Here his first literary and stage experiments began.
Music and books aroused in the young Anton Chekhov the desire for creativity.
The Taganrog Theater, founded in 1827, played a big role in this.
Anton visited the theater for the first time at the age of 13, watched Jacques Offenbach's operetta "The Beautiful Elena" and soon became a passionate fan of the theater.
Later, in one of his letters, Chekhov will say: "The theater once gave me a lot of good things...
Before, there was no greater pleasure for me than sitting in the theater...".
It is no coincidence that the heroes of his first works, such as "Tragedian", "Comedian", "Benefit", "No wonder the chicken sang", were actors and actresses.
Anton took part in the home performances of his high school friend Andrey Drossy.
Chekhov, a high school student, published humorous magazines, invented captions for drawings, wrote humorous stories, skits.
The first drama "Fatherless" was written by 18 year old Chekhov during his studies at the gymnasium.
Chekhov's gymnasium period was an important stage in the maturation and formation of his personality, the development of its spiritual foundations.
The gymnasium years gave Chekhov a huge material for writing work.
The most typical and colorful figures will appear later on the pages of his works.
Perhaps one of these figures was his mathematics teacher Edmund Dzerzhinsky - the father of the future first chairman of the Cheka.
In 1879, he graduated from the gymnasium in Taganrog.
In the same year, he moved to Moscow and entered the Medical Faculty of Moscow University (now the First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University), where he studied with famous professors: Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Grigory Zakharin and others.
In the same year, Anton's brother Ivan got a job as a teacher in the city of Voskresensk near Moscow.
He was allocated a large apartment that could accommodate a whole family.
The Chekhov's, who lived closely in Moscow, came to Ivan in Voskresensk for the summer.
There, in 1881, Anton Chekhov met Dr. P. A. Arkhangelsky, the head of the Resurrection Hospital (Chikinskaya Hospital).
Since 1882, as a student, he has already helped the doctors of the hospital when receiving patients.
In 1884, Chekhov graduated from the university course and began working as a district doctor at the Chikinsky hospital.
Then he worked in Zvenigorod, where he was in charge of a hospital for some time.
On December 24, 1879, as a first year student, Chekhov published in the magazine" Dragonfly "a story" A Letter to a learned neighbor" and a humorous " What is most often found in novels, novellas, etc.".
This was his debut in print.
In the following years, Chekhov wrote short stories, feuilletons, humorous "trifles" under the pseudonyms "Antosha Chekhov" and "The Man without a spleen" or their variants, or completely without a signature, in the publications of the "small press", mainly humorous: the Moscow magazines "Alarm Clock", "Spectator", etc. and in the St. Petersburg humorous weekly magazines "Fragments", "Dragonfly".
Chekhov collaborated with the "Petersburg Newspaper" (from 1884, with interruptions), with the Suvorin newspaper " Novoe Vremya "(1886-1893) and with the" Russian Vedomosti " (1893-1899).
In 1882, Chekhov prepared the first collection of short stories "Prank", but it did not come out, perhaps because of censorship difficulties.
In 1884, a collection of his short stories was published- "Tales of Melpomene" (signed " A. Chehonte").
The years 1885-86 were the heyday of Chekhov as a "miniaturist fiction writer" - the author of short, mostly humorous stories.
At that time, by his own admission, he wrote a story a day.
Contemporaries believed that he would remain in this genre.
But in the spring of 1886, he received a letter from the famous Russian writer Dmitry Grigorovich, where he criticized Chekhov for wasting his talent on "trifles". "
Starve better, as we once starved, save your impressions for a deliberate work ...
One such work will be a hundred times more appreciated than hundreds of beautiful stories scattered at different times in the newspapers, " Grigorovich wrote.
Subsequently, Alexey Suvorin, Viktor Bilibin and Alexey Pleshcheev joined Grigorovich's councils.
Chekhov listened to these tips.
Since 1887, he has been cooperating less and less with humorous magazines, cooperation with the "Alarm Clock" was interrupted.
His stories became longer and more serious.
The important changes that took place with Chekhov at that time are also indicated by the desire to travel.
In the same year, 1887, he went on a trip to the south, to his native places.
Later, he went to the "Gogol places", to the Crimea, to the Caucasus.
The trip to the south revived Chekhov's memories of his youth spent there and gave him material for" Steppe", his first work in a thick magazine - "Northern Bulletin".
The debut in such a magazine attracted a lot of critical attention, much more than to any previous work of Chekhov.
In the autumn of 1887, Chekhov's letters mentioned the work on the novel "in 1500 lines".
It lasted until 1889, when Chekhov, who was burdened with work of such a large size, finally abandoned his plan.
"I am glad," he wrote to Suvorin in January , " that 2-3 years ago I did not listen to Grigorovich and did not write a novel!
I imagine how much good I would have ruined if I had listened ...
In addition to the abundance of material and talent, I need something equally important.
We need maturity this is one time; secondly, we need a sense of personal freedom, and this feeling has only recently begun to flare up in me."
Obviously, it was the lack of these properties that Chekhov was dissatisfied with at the end of the 1880s, which prompted him to travel.
But he was still dissatisfied after these trips; he needed a new, big trip.
His options were a trip around the world, a trip to Central Asia, to Persia, to Sakhalin.
In the end, he decided on the latter option.
But despite Chekhov's own dissatisfaction with himself, his fame grew.
After the release of "Steppe" and "Boring Story", the attention of critics and readers was riveted to each of his new works.
On October 7 (19), 1888, he received the half Pushkin Prize of the Academy of Sciences for the third collection published in the previous year, 1887 - "At Dusk".
At the end of the 1880s, a feature appeared in Chekhov's manner that some contemporaries considered an advantage, others a disadvantage - a deliberate dispassion of description, an accentuated lack of author's assessment.
Especially this feature is distinguished by "I want to sleep", "Women" and "Princess".
The decision to go to Sakhalin was finally made, obviously, in the summer of 1889, after discussing this intention with the artist K. A. Karatygina, who traveled to Siberia and Sakhalin in the late 1870s.
But Chekhov hid this intention for a long time even from his closest ones.
Having informed Karatygina about it, he asked her to keep it a secret.
He revealed this secret only in January 1890, it made a great impression on society.
This impression was also strengthened by the "suddenness" of the decision made, because already in the spring of 1890, Chekhov went on a trip.
The journey through Siberia took 82 days, during which Chekhov wrote nine essays, united under the general title "From Siberia".
Chekhov arrived on Sakhalin on July 11 (23).
For several months of his stay on it, Chekhov communicated with people, learned their life stories, the reasons for exile and collected rich material for his notes.
He conducted, in his own words, a complete census of the population of Sakhalin and, having collected several thousand cards about the inhabitants of the island.
The administration of the island strictly forbade communicating with political prisoners, but he violated this prohibition.
(Also in 1897, for participating in the All Russian population Census as a counter, he received the medal "For his work on the first general population census of 1897").
Chekhov was returning from Sakhalin by sea, on the Dobroflot steamer "Petersburg".
In Vladivostok, where the ship was standing from October 14 (26) to October 19 (31), Chekhov worked in the library of the Society for the Study of the Amur Region, collecting additional materials for a book about Sakhalin.
Next - Hong Kong, Singapore, the island of Ceylon, the Suez Canal, Constantinople, Odessa.
Finally, on December 7 (19), 1890, his relatives met him in Tula.
In the next 5 years, Chekhov wrote the book "Sakhalin Island".
As for artistic creativity, the trip to Sakhalin, according to Chekhov's own admission, had a huge impact on all his subsequent works.
In 2005, on Sakhalin, for the first time in Russia, the materials of the Sakhalin census by A. P. Chekhov were published in one edition "Perhaps my figures will also be useful...".
The publication published all 10 thousand survey cards filled out by Chekhov's respondents during his trip to Sakhalin Island in 1890.
From 1890 to 1895, after returning to Moscow from a trip to Sakhalin, Chekhov settled in a small two story wing on Malaya Dmitrovka.
Here he worked on the book "Sakhalin Island", the stories "Poprygunya", "Duel", "Ward No. 6" , and also met with writers V. G. Korolenko, D. V. Grigorovich, V. A. Gilyarovsky, P. D. Boborykin, D. S. Merezhkovsky, V. I. Nemirovich Danchenko, famous actors A. P. Lensky and A. I. Yuzhin, artist I. I. Levitan.
The wing has survived to our time and is marked by a commemorative plaque with a bas relief by A. P. Chekhov.
From 1892 to 1899, Chekhov lived in the Melikhovo estate near Moscow, where one of the main Chekhov museums now works.
During the years of "Melikhovsky sitting" 42 works were written.
Later, Chekhov traveled a lot in Europe.
At the end of 1898, the writer bought a plot of land in Yalta.
A garden was laid out on the plot and a house was built according to the project of architect L. N. Shapovalov.
In recent years, Chekhov, whose tuberculosis has worsened, has been constantly living in his house near Yalta to improve his health, only occasionally coming to Moscow, where his wife (since 1901), the artist Olga Leonardovna Knipper, occupies one of the outstanding places in the troupe of the Moscow Art Theater (Stanislavsky), formed in 1898.
In 1900, at the first election to the Pushkin branch of the Academy of Sciences, Chekhov was elected among its honorary academicians.
In 1902, Chekhov, together with V. G. Korolenko, refused the title of academician after the order of Nicholas II to annul the election of Maxim Gorky to honorary academicians.
In the history of Chekhov's illness, which was conducted in the clinic by the writer's attending physician Maxim Maslov, it is recorded that during his gymnasium and student years, Chekhov was ill with tuberculous inflammation of the peritoneum, but he felt "tightness in the sternum" at the age of 10.
Since 1884, Chekhov suffered from bleeding from his right lung.
Some researchers believe that a fatal role in the writer's life was played by a trip to Sakhalin - there was a thaw and he had to travel thousands of kilometers on horses, in wet clothes and soaked felt boots (Chekhov himself and his relatives associated the disease with the trip).
Others called frequent trips from Yalta to Moscow at the most unfavorable time for health the reason for the exacerbation of the tuberculosis process.
In the summer of 1904, Chekhov went to a resort in Germany.
Due to a sharp exacerbation of the disease, which he could not cope with, the writer died on July 2 (15), 1904 in Badenweiler, Germany.
The denouement came on the night of July 1 to 2, 1904.
According to the testimony of his wife Olga Leonardovna, at the beginning of the night Chekhov woke up and " for the first time in his life he asked to send for a doctor.
Anton Pavlovich sat down and somehow significantly, loudly said to the doctor in German (he knew very little German): "Ich sterbe".
Then he repeated for the student or for me in Russian: "I'm dying."
Then he took a glass, turned his face to me, smiled his amazing smile, said:" I havenot drunk champagne for a long time...", calmly drank everything to the bottom, quietly lay down on his left side and soon fell silent forever."
The coffin with the body of the writer was delivered to Moscow in a car with the inscription "Oysters".
Someone took this as a mockery of the great writer, but at the beginning of the XX century, few cars were equipped with refrigeration units.
On July 9 (22), 1904, the funeral took place.
A funeral service was held in the Assumption Church of the Novodevichy Monastery.
Chekhov was buried right behind the Assumption Church in the monastery cemetery, next to the grave of his father.
A wooden cross with an icon and a lantern for a lamp was placed on the grave.
On the anniversary of the death of A. P. Chekhov on July 2 (15), 1908, a new marble monument was opened on the grave, designed in the Art Nouveau style by the artist L. M. Brailovsky.
In 1933, after the abolition of the cemetery on the territory of the Novodevichy Monastery, at the request of O. L. Knipper, Chekhov was reburied in the cemetery behind the southern wall of the monastery.
On November 16, 1933, in the presence of a few relatives and close friends, the grave was opened and the coffin was moved to a new place.
Soon both tombstones were moved here - A. P. Chekhov and his father (while the burial of P. E. Chekhov was left in the old place).
The family of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov:
My great grandfather, Mikhail Chekh (1762-1849), was a serf all his life.
He had five sons, whom he raised in strictness.
The writer's grandfather - Yegor Mikhailovich Chekh (1798-1879) - came from the village of Olkhovatka, Voronezh province, Ostrogozhsky district, belonged to the serfs of the landowner I. D. Chertkov, whose grandson was later the closest associate of Leo Tolstoy.
Yegor Mikhailovich is the first in the Chekhov family to learn to read and write.
Why his nickname was Czech, and remained unknown.
Having bought himself and his family out into the wild, Yegor Mikhailovich entered the management of Count Platov, the son of the famous Don ataman.
He lived and worked in the steppe settlements as a Strong and Princely Woman, earning enough money.
Yegor Mikhailovich had a cool temper, liked to let his hands go.
Both the peasants, who called him "asp", and his family suffered from his temper.
Yegor Mikhailovich also showed his talent as a writer, his words have reached us: "I was deeply envious of bars, not only their freedom, but also that they can read."
His children were already free - three sons: Mikhail, Pavel and Mitrofan.
Mikhail, the eldest, was sent by his father to study as a bookbinder in Kaluga, where he soon became known as the best master.
It was not called Chekhov, but Chokhov.
He sent his father a gift - a very complicated box with the following inscription: "Accept, dearest parent, the fruit of my diligent work."
Anton Pavlovich treasured this box very much.
Mitrofan Yegorovich opened a grocery store in Taganrog.
He left two sons: Vladimir, who taught in Taganrog, and Yegor, who served in the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade.
He was a favorite of Anton Pavlovich, who called him "Georgik".
Grandmother Efrosinya Yemelyanovna, nee Shimko, was a Little Russian.
Having lived with Yegor Mikhailovich for 58 years, she had a noticeable influence on Chekhov's worldview and early work, to the point that he wrote "nationality - Little Russian"in the population census.
My great great grandfather (on my mother's side), Nikita Morozov,was a serf.
He lived in the middle of the XVIII century in the village of Fofanovo (today the Ivanovo region).
My great grandfather, Gerasim Morozov, drove barges with grain and timber along the Volga and Oka.
In 1817.
He was married to a serf peasant Tatyana Leontieva, with whom he had five children: Alexey, Vasily, Maria, Fyodor and Yakov.
At the age of 53, he bought off himself and his son Yakov.
Grandfather, Yakov Gerasimovich (c. 1800-1847), was born in the village of Fofanovo.
He helped his father, looked after the trade in Morshansk.
In 1820, he married Alexandra Ivanovna Kokhmakova.
In 1833, Yakov Gerasimovich went bankrupt and had to find a job - he was arranged by General Popkov in Taganrog.
Having become a commission agent of the mayor, at the same time he opened a trade in dried fish in Rostov.
He had three children: Ivan, Fedosya, Yevgenia (later the mother of A. P. Chekhov).
Grandmother, Alexandra Ivanovna Kokhmakova (1804-1868), from a wealthy and artisan family.
The family made icons and crafts made of wood that were in great demand.
She lived with her children in Shuya, separately from her husband, who only periodically visited the family.
In 1847, a strong fire destroyed 88 houses, leaving the Morozovs without property.
In the same year, Yakov dies of cholera.
The widow of Alexander with two daughters, Feodosia and Yevgenia, find shelter with the same General Popkov, who not only accepts the family, but also arranges orphans to learn to read and write.
In 1841, when Chekhov's future mother was only six years old, Pavel settled in Rostov with Yakov Morozov (Yevgenia's father).
Six years later, when Yakov died, the connection between the families was cut off, but six years later it was restored again - it turned out that Yevgenia Morozova's brother Ivan (1825-1867) was working under Mitrofan Chekhov (1836-1894) - Pavel Yegorovich's own brother.
Thanks to this, Pavel and Yevgenia met, and in 1854 they were married.
The writer's mother, Yevgenia Yakovlevna Chekhov (1835-1919), nee Morozova, the daughter of a merchant, was a quiet woman who stoically endured her husband's despotism and years of need.
She did not like to read and write, all her life she lived in the interests of the family, worrying, first of all, for her children.
She survived four of her seven children - the very first daughter, Yevgenia (1869-1871), died at the age of two.
Anton Chekhov said that " The talent in us is from the father's side, and the soul is from the mother's side."
His father, Pavel Yegorovich Chekhov (1825-1898) inherited from his father a despotic character and, although he showed care and compassion in letters to the family, he often resorted to physical abuse and abuse in life.
He forced his children to work in the shop from morning to night, as well as sing in the choir at many hours of church services.
By the age of sixteen, he had already managed to work at a sugar factory; then he worked as a cattle drover, and in Taganrog he was accepted into a merchant's shop.
In 1856, Pavel Yegorovich managed to save 2500 rubles, joined the third merchant guild.
In 1857, he opened a trade, writing on the sign of his shop "Tea, sugar, coffee and other colonial goods".
The older generation of the Chekhov's were extremely devout people who observed all fasts and holidays.
Chekhov diligently attended the service and made pilgrimages.
In the church, a familiar chorister taught Pavel Egorovich to read music and even play the violin.
Pavel became interested in choral singing and in 1864 became the regent of the cathedral.
Due to his predilection for the "drawling" style of singing psalms, practiced by monks from Mount Athos, his services dragged on for too long, and in 1867 he was dismissed.
Then Pavel Egorovich moved to a Greek monastery, where he gathered a choir in which Alexander, Nikolai and Anton sang.
Pavel Yegorovich taught the choir to the violin and was a regent.
This gave an honorable position in the city, and people came to listen to his choir even from Rostov and other cities.
Alexander Pavlovich sang first with a treble, then with a bass; Nikolai, a good violinist, helped his father and especially sang a lot, which affected his health and may have caused his illness.
Anton sang viola.
The family lived very amicably.
Anton Pavlovich was the humblest of all.
He had a very big head, and they called him "Bomb", for which he was angry.
Pavel Yegorovich's trading business, which began relatively successfully, soon began to decline.
The shop was dirty, poor quality goods were sold, and besides, the serving boys cheated.
There could sell assembled in restaurants Jews, dried and colored broken tea or cure pregnancy "nest", which were: oil, mercury, nitric acid, strychnine, etc.
"A lot, probably sent to the light of people's "nest"," - recalled Anton Chekhov, already having received medical education.
In 1874, things went very badly and Pavel Egorovich began to fall into debt, two years later he was forced to secretly leave Taganrog, on April 25, 1876, he arrived in Moscow, where the entire Chekhov family was already waiting for him, with the exception of Anton, who remained to finish his studies at the gymnasium.
He lived at that time with people who got a family home, was engaged in tutoring with the son of the new owner, "paying" for this accommodation.
Over time, Anton became friends with his ward.
After a year and a half of wandering and a miserable life in debt, Pavel finally found a job.
On November 10, 1877, he got a job as a junior clerk in the barn to I. Gavrilov for 30 rubles a month, a table and an apartment at the store.
For 14 years, Pavel worked in the barn, working from morning to night and rarely seeing his family.
Knipper Chekhov, Olga Leonardovna (1868-1959) - the wife of A. P.; People's Artist of the USSR.
Chekhov, Alexander Pavlovich (1855-1913) - brother, novelist, publicist, memoirist.
Chekhov, Maria Pavlovna (1863-1957) - sister, teacher, artist, creator of the House of the Chekhov Museum in Yalta.
Chekhov, Mikhail Pavlovich (1865-1936) - brother, writer, biographer of Anton Pavlovich.
Chekhov, Nikolai Pavlovich (1858-1889) - brother, artist.
Chekhov, Ivan Pavlovich (1861-1922) - brother, teacher.
Chekhov, Mikhail Alexandrovich (1891-1955) - nephew (son of Alexander's brother), famous artist, theater teacher, director; emigrant (since 1928 Germany, 1939 USA).
Chekhov, Olga Konstantinovna (1897-1980) - the wife of Mikhail Chekhov, the specified nephew of A. P. and the niece of A. P.'s wife (and the sister of L. K. Knipper).
German actress.
Film adaptation of Chekhov's works:
Chekhov still remains the leader in the number of foreign adaptations of Russian classics - his works have become the basis for film/TV versions about 200 times.
1909 Surgery
1911 An affair with a double bass
1926 Kashtanka
1929 Ranks and people
1938 The Mask
1938 The Bear
1939 The Man in the case
1939 Surgery
1941 Anniversary
1944 Wedding
1952 Kashtanka
1953 Lawlessness
1954 Anna on the neck
1954 The Swedish Match
1955 The Bouncer
1956 The Bride
1957 Boots
1958 The Witch
1959 - Three short stories by Chekhov ("Vanka", "Anyuta", "Revenge")
1960 Enemies
1960 Drama
1960 A lady with a dog
1960 House with a mezzanine
1960 Revenge
1961 Duel
1964 Apothecary
1964 Duel
1964 Three Sisters
1965 The Swan Song
1965 Literature teacher
1966 In the city of S. (Dir. I. Heifitz)
1966 Darling
1966 A joke
1967 Gooseberry
1968 Three years (Directed by G. Nikulin)
1969 The main witness
1969 Family happiness
1969 Belated Flowers (film performance, directed by A. Nal)
1970 Uncle Vanya
1970 Carousel
1970 The Seagull
1970 Drama on the Hunt
1971 — At the dacha
1971 These different, different, different faces...
1972 My Life (Directed by G. Nikulin)
1973 A bad good man (based on the story "Duel")
1973 Skits ("Dear dog", "Malefactor", "The Groom and Daddy")
1975 Kashtank but
1976 Theatrical Stories
1977 The Steppe (Directed by S. Bondarchuk)
1977 Unfinished Piece for mechanical piano (Dir. N. Mikhalkov)
1977 Funny people!
1977 Chekhov's Pages
1978 My affectionate and gentle beast (based on the story "Drama on the Hunt", directed by E. Loteanu)
1980 Three years
1981 The story of an unknown person
1981 - " Vanka Zhukov — - puppet cartoon of the Kievnauchfilm film studio, directed by Leonid Zarubin
1982 A boring story
1983 The Kiss
1983 — Something from provincial life
1983 — The Man in the case
1984 An incredible bet, or a True incident that ended safely a hundred years ago (based on the stories "The Lodger", "From the memories of an idealist", "The Bet", "Carelessness", "At the Mill", "The Shoemaker and the Evil Spirit")
1984 Angry Boy
1986 Uncle Vanya (Directed by G. Tovstonogov)
1987 Black eyes
1988 The Black Monk
1990 Swan Song
1990 Now the son of man is glorified
1991 Ward No. 6
1992 Lord, forgive us sinners
1992 Dear Sirs
1993 — If only I knew
1994 Vanya on 42nd Street
1994 A golden ring, a bouquet of scarlet roses (based on the story "In the ravine")
1994 Village Life
1994 Three Sisters
1996 August
1998 Chekhov and Co.
2002 Three days of rain
2002 Chekhov's Motives
2003 About love
2003 Baby Lily (La petite Lili)
2004 Ragin (based on the story "Ward No. 6")
2004 Kashtanka
2005 The Seagull
2008 Betting
2008 Garden
2008 Shoot immediately! (based on the play "The Bear")
2009 Chamber No. 6 (Directed by K. Shakhnazarov, A. Gornovsky)
2009 Lawlessness (cartoon, directed by Natalia Malgina)
2009 Ochumelov (cartoon, directed by Alexey Demin)
2010 Ivanov (film, directed by Vadim Dubrovitsky)
2010 Beloloby (cartoon, directed by Sergey Seregin)
2014 Winter Hibernation (film, directed by Nuri Bilge Ceylan)
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov aphorisms, quotes, sayings >>>
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