Add an ad
Advertising on the Internet
Search Home Page > Anomalous Phenomena > Riddles of Ancient Civilizations > Egyptology Map
Secrets of Egypt
Article from the website http://ufolog.nm.ru/
Sources :
UFO, No. 37, 1999
The Curse of the Pharaohs
Vladimir Pakhomov
Riddles of Forgotten Civilizations
The Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)
The Great Pyramid, the last remaining miracle from the ancient list of the seven wonders of the world, is a fantastic masterpiece of engineering art not only because of its gigantic size.
It weighs 6.5 million tons and contains more building material than it took to build all the cathedrals, churches and chapels in England!
Its uniqueness also consists in the exceptional accuracy of the orientation of the faces according to the countries of the world.
The error is a negligible amount – 0.015 percent!
Today, achieving such accuracy would require the use of laser theodolites, topographic maps with a resolution of 10 meters and an army of engineers, astronomers and stonemasons.
By the way, the word Pyramid does not define a three dimensional triangle, and at the same time its root is not even Egyptian.
The word Pyramid is made up of the Greek word "pyra" in the meaning of fire, light(or visible) and the Greek word "midos" in the meaning of measures (another meaning is the middle(inside)).
The fact is that until 1301, when, after a strong earthquake, the Arabs began to use the loose cladding for the construction and restoration of the palaces and mosques of destroyed Cairo, the Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops – in ancient Greek transcription/2590-2568 BC/.) , which had an initial height of 146.6 meters (now 138 meters) was lined with slabs of polished limestone.
Part of the lining (22 upper rows) is still preserved on the pyramid of Khafren, They were so shiny that they could be seen hundreds of kilometers away.
The base of the Pyramid, resting on a granite surface with a deviation from the horizontal of no more than two cm, is an almost perfect square(maximum deviation of 3 minutes 33 seconds) with sides of about 230 meters (north 230.1, west and east 230.2, south 230.3).
And the entire structure, which today consists of 203 rows of masonry, was erected without cranes, wheels and powerful stone saving tools.
Why did the ancient architects achieve such high accuracy, if this accuracy could not even be noticed by a simple eye?
One of the answers to these questions may lie in the desire of the ancient architects to encode some fundamental numerical values in the size of the Great Pyramid.
And this requires high dimensional accuracy.
As a result, for example, the ratio of the length of the base of the pyramid to its height, divided in half, gives the famous number "pi" (the ratio of the circumference of the circle to its diameter) with an accuracy of the sixth sign!
This number is also mentioned in the ancient Egyptian papyrus of Rind (stored in the British Museum in London).
Perhaps it is deliberately encrypted in the size of the Pyramid of Cheops, and with a more accurate meaning than the great Archimedes, who lived 2000 years later, knew it!
This idea inspired enthusiasts to search for other fundamental relationships in the Pyramid of Cheops.
Astronomical calendar
Egyptologist Graham Hancock and his colleague Robert Boval, who deny the generally accepted idea of the Great Pyramid as the tomb of Cheops, because no dead bodies were found in any of the pyramids, despite the empty sarcophagi.
(I will tell you especially about the Menkauru pyramid.
When British Colonel Howard Vance entered the burial chamber of this pyramid in 1837, he found a basalt sarcophagus , a wooden coffin lid in the form of a human figure and a bone.
The sarcophagus sank along with the ship transporting it to England, and the dating of the coffin lid and bones attributed them to the era of early Christianity.)
When in the IX century A.D. the expedition penetrated into the pyramid of Cheops and explored the royal crypt with great difficulty, the large stone sarcophagus, as it turned out, was empty, but there were no signs of the previous ruin.
The truth, according to Hancock and Boval, lies in the astronomical data.
At a distance of about 160 meters from the pyramid of Cheops, the pyramid of Chephren rises, whose height is 136.6 meters, and the length of the sides is 210.5 meters.
However, the pyramid of Khafren visually seems to be higher than the pyramid of Cheops – the effect is achieved due to the fact that its base is at a higher level.
The pyramid of Mykerin, which is even smaller, is located 200 meters from the pyramid of Chephren.
Its height is 62 meters, and the length of the sides is 108 meters.
The Three Pyramids are part of a complex consisting, in addition, of the sphinx, several temples, small pyramids, tombs of priests and officials.
But back to astronomy.
Due to the so called procession (the swaying of the Earth's axis under the gravitational influence of the Sun and Moon), the constellations change their position in the sky with a period of 25920 years.
With the help of a computer, it was possible to reconstruct the starry sky over the Great Pyramid in 2500 BC.
It turned out that at that time one of the southern corridors of the Pyramid was precisely directed at the star Sirius, identified by the Egyptians with the Goddess Isis.
Another southern corridor pointed to the lower of the three stars that make up the Belt of Orion, a constellation that was considered the abode of the God Osiris, who brought civilization to the Nile Valley.
These coincidences, according to Hancock and Boval, are not accidental.
Moreover, the third largest pyramid (Menkaura) is knocked out of the straight line connecting the first (Cheops) and the second (Chephren) pyramids Looking at the Orion Belt, Robert Boval noticed a completely similar arrangement of three stars!
Thus, the scientist concludes, apparently the three largest pyramids in Giza symbolize the Orion Belt on earth!
However, the angle of inclination of the Belt now does not exactly coincide with the axis of the location of the three pyramids.
The use of a computer that calculated the time of the exact coincidence of the Orion Belt and the three largest Egyptian pyramids showed that this moment refers to the time of 10642-10546 BC, that is, for half of the precession period to the present day, in 25920 years, as in the ancients, or 25729 years according to modern data, the year BC.(See details here)
According to Boval and Hancock, although all three pyramids were completed around 2500 BC, the plan of the Giza complex was made 8000 years earlier!
It was passed down from generation to generation until the time when it was possible to combine the internal corridors with the direction to the desired stars!
In their book "Guardians of Creation", Boval and Hancock emphasize that, in their opinion, the creators of the Giza pyramid complex and the famous Sphinx had in mind to build some chronological "beacons" that would encourage many future generations to search for the true meaning of their project.
The choice of the position of the monuments using the "language of the stars" should be clear to any culture familiar with astronomy.
The pyramid complex in Giza probably stores rooms containing the most important messages of the ancient architects, facing the future.
Boval and Hancock are convinced that humanity is on the verge of Great Discoveries in the pyramids.
Another opinion is expressed in his article by Yevgeny Menshov.
Claiming that the Pyramids remind us of the planets of the solar system and the catastrophe that occurred on September 22, 10532 BC.
Where are the Great Messages stored?
Everyone has heard about the treasures of the pyramids and their robbers.
The way to the Great Pyramid of Cheops, in 820, was found by the Arab Ale Manune He began to disassemble in the center of the Northern Wall, where, according to legend, there was an entrance.
To do this, he poured vinegar over the stones, warmed them with bonfires, and then used battering rams.
Hearing the sound of stones rolling to the left of their tunnel, the treasure hunters dug to the source of the sound, which led them to the passage leading down (at an angle of 26.30).
At the lower end of the inclined passage was what became known as the bottomless pit (P), or a large underground chamber located 180 m. below the top of the pyramid.
The falling stones that the Arabs heard rolled down into it.
If it were not for this accident, the entrance would not have been found Currently, the main entrance to the Pyramid is the entrance that was punched by the Arabs.
The real entrance is located higher, seventeen meters above the ground and seven meters to the east of the main north south axis.
Having a cross section of 1m x 1.22 m, it is clamped by floor blocks 2.6 m thick and 3.6 m wide and a floor slab 0.76 m thick and 10m long .
From the inclined tunnel (D), at the same angle, there is an ascending tunnel(A) connected to a Large Gallery(G), whose length is 46.6 meters, ending with an entrance to a room of polished granite 5.2x10.4 meters and 5.8 meters high, known as the Royal Crypt(K).
It is covered with five 70 ton slabs supporting the upper part of the pyramid, is located at a height of 42.7 meters above the ground, and inside it is an empty granite box without ornaments.
The stone stopper placed at the entrance to the ascending tunnel is made of rare red granite, identical to the granite of Mount Horeb, where, according to legend, Moses received the 10 Commandments.
To bypass it, the Arabs carved softer limestone around it.
However, there was another secret passage.
A horizontal passage branches off from the ascending tunnel leading to an absolutely empty room called the queen's chamber (Q), and next to it there is a Rough shaft (W) connecting a Large Gallery with a descending tunnel, about 60 meters from the stone plug.
Oddly enough, the descending corridor was well known in ancient times.
The Greco Roman geographer Strabo left a clear description of the large underground chamber(P) into which this corridor enters (180 meters below the top of the pyramid).
In this chamber, underground inscriptions were found – autographs from the time of the Roman occupation, indicating regular visits in those years.
However, thanks to the secret door leading to the shaft (W) in the descending tunnel, this passage was forgotten.
There are several hypotheses about the astrological temporal significance of the corridors, but I will not dwell on them.
It seems to me incorrect to link time and distance in the pyramid.
But I will give a diagram and a link from it.
Another surprising fact is that the ventilation ducts in the main chambers maintain a constant temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
For some reason, the builders left the last 13 cm of the block untouched at the entrance to the two ventilation shafts in the queen's chamber (Q) and only in 1872, Wainman Dixon, by analogy with the tsar's chamber, discovered them by tapping and made his way to a channel 20 cm high and 23 cm wide, going 2 meters into the wall , and then, at an angle further.
It was in this channel , in March 1993, that a German engineer, a specialist in the field of robotics, Rudolf Gantenbrink, hired by the Egyptian Organization of Antiquities, to improve ventilation and launched a small sized crawler robot, controlled from a distance and equipped with powerful lamps and television cameras.
This robot is " Upuat" ( in ancient Egyptian, "Discoverer") worth 250 thousand US dollars and showed on March 22 that 60 meters from the beginning of the steep ascent of the mine (39.5 0), the walls and floor suddenly became smooth and the robot crawled into a passage made of polished limestone, usually used for facing ritual rooms, and after 5 meters rested against a blind limestone "door"!
Gantenbrink was surprised to see two brass handles on the "door", lowered down, which, in his opinion, testified to the "sliding" principle of opening and closing the door.
In addition, the stone blocks stood at the" door " vertically (instead of their usual horizontal arrangement in other places).
That is, they performed an unloading function.
Judging by the wide gap and the chip on the corner of the "door", someone has already opened it!
A faint draft blew a strange black dust out of the crack.
In general, everything indicated the presence of an unknown room behind the "door"!
Earlier, with the help of the latest microgravimeter device, French and Japanese scientists discovered THREE unknown rooms inside the Pyramid!
One of them has a length of 30 meters, a width of 5 meters and a height of 3 meters.
After drilling holes, scientists "looked" there with a television probe and found sand in the voids, but not the one that is abundant around the Pyramid, but found only six kilometers to the southwest!
In addition, as it turned out, before laying in the Pyramid, it was carefully sifted.
According to some experts, the sand of this composition prevents the passage of electromagnetic waves, which at one time tried to "shine through" this structure.
A television probe found some foreign bodies in one of the large voids.
The resolution of the TV camera was not enough to identify these "bodies".
Director of the Department of Antiquities of Egypt Ahmed Qadri commented: "There is something else in the Pyramid that we donot know about yet.
No one has penetrated this part of the structure before.
There is some kind of construction there!"
In 1954, archaeologists discovered two walled up niches at the foot of the Pyramid.
When one of them was opened, the smell of cedar planks came out of the pit.
There was a genuine Pharaoh's boat lying disassembled, 43.6 meters long!
It took 16 years to extract and dock hundreds of perfectly preserved fragments of the boat.
Now the rook stands in its original form in a glass pavilion next to the Pyramid (the Solar Barke (Solar Rook) Museum).
A narrow hole was drilled in the second niche and a light guide connected to a television camera was inserted into it.
This work began with all precautions in October 1987.
When the TV camera was turned on, a clear silhouette appeared on the screen: a boat!
The second rook was a huge structure made of sagging boards fastened with copper brackets.
They are in no hurry to extract it – it is too difficult to keep this amazing find in the air...
The physical impact of the Pyramids
French scientist Jacques Bergier, who studied the influence of various spatial forms on biological substances, built a cardboard model of the Pyramid and placed bovine blood there.
After a while, it was divided into two substances – light and dark.
Other scientists have made sure that perishable products are preserved for a long time in the Pyramid model.
The pendulum suspended over the top of the model deviates to the side or slowly rotates around the top.
Plants also behave strangely.
At first they gravitate to the east, then they describe a semicircle, moving from the south to the west.
The Czech inventor Karel Drbal in 1959 adapted a similar model for self sharpening razor blades, and received a patent for this unusual invention.
According to Drbal, he shaved with the same blade, placing it in the model at night, more than two thousand times!
It is believed that the pyramidal shape focuses cosmic energy...
Pyramid lens
American engineer Raymond D. Manners, in an article published in the magazine "Faith" for November 1996, reports that in its original form, the Pyramid was distinguished by two features: sparkling surfaces and ... concave faces in the middle part!
The ancient builders covered the Pyramid with a layer of polished limestone 2.5 meters thick!
There were 144,000 20 ton skin stones.
They were so brilliant that they could be seen from hundreds of kilometers away.
In the morning and at noon, the sunlight reflected by this vast mirror surface was visible from the moon.
Locals have looked at the Pyramid and its polished stones with fear for centuries.
But when an earthquake in the 13th century loosened some of the shell stones, the Arabs began to use the cladding for the construction and restoration of Cairo palaces and mosques, including the Sultan Hassan Mosque.
Surprisingly, the facing stones were docked with an interval of 0.5 mm and have perfect right angles with a deviation of straight lines within 0.25 mm.
Modern technology does not allow placing such blocks with greater accuracy.
Even more surprising is that this gap was intended for the glue sealing and fastening the stones.
The white cement that anchored the facing stones and made them waterproof is still intact and stronger than the blocks with which it was attached.
As for the concavity of the faces, by the way, completely invisible from the ground and, according to some opinions, reflecting the radius of the Earth, French scientists who accompanied Napoleon's army in the Egyptian campaign were the first to suspect it.
Later, in the 1880s, this fact was confirmed by the famous researcher of the Great Pyramid, Flinders Petrie.
Then they forgot about it for a hundred years.
And only in our days, aerial photography by an officer of the British army, P. Groves, has undoubtedly shown that the concavity of the faces, however, is completely insignificant – only one meter, really takes place...
It is interesting to note that later pyramids were built with completely flat faces!
Apparently, the main builder of the Great Pyramid hid from his followers the meaning and purpose of the concavities.
According to Raymond Manners, peculiar concave "mirrors"on the faces with a total area of about 15 hectares served to focus the sun's rays on the summer solstice.
On this day, when the Sun was only 6.5 degrees from the zenith, a fantastic action took place: thanks to the polished edges, the Great Pyramid sparkled like a diamond!
In the focus of the concave "mirrors", the temperature rose to a thousand degrees!
The gathered crowds of people began to hear the crackling coming from these points, gradually increasing to a thunderous deafening sound!
Amid the glittering light and roar, waves of hot air were spewing up from the central vortex above the top of the Pyramid.
The illusion of a pillar of fire rising from the Pyramid was created.
This was truly the road along which the God Ra himself condescended to people!
The Sphinx
The riddle of the Sphinx haunts people no less than the pyramids.
When I read that the sphinx was repeatedly completely filled in, it seemed amazing to me.
However, a trip to Cairo dispelled all doubts.
The Sphinx stands in a pit (the origin of which I can not judge) at the foot of a hill with pyramids and if it is filled in, only part of the head will be visible.
However, it should be borne in mind that the Giza plateau is a rocky wasteland, and not a desert with sand dunes, as it may have seemed to many.
(the most complete association will be given to you by a stone lime quarry or a large construction site) so, in my opinion , more than one decade, if not centuries, is needed for its drift..
But back to the object itself
Recently, Japanese scientists (S. Yoshimura) have shown with the help of echo sounders that the processed stone of the Sphinx sculpture is MUCH OLDER than the blocks of the pyramids.
I WILL EMPHASIZE THE ANCIENT MATERIAL OF THE SCULPTURE.
Another fact: hydrological studies have revealed traces of erosion from a powerful water flow at the base of the statue's pedestal (including ON the TREATED SURFACE).
British geophysicists estimate the age of erosion at 10 -12 millennia (!).
This confirms the hypothesis, which is very popular today: the Giza complex was built TWICE..
Currently, the entire base of the sphinx and the paws have been restored, so I could not see any traces of erosion.
However, I have an opinion that the Egyptians not only restore many archaeological monuments, but also build them anew, there are even tower cranes in Luxor.
Taking into account the above, we can represent the sequence of events as follows.
About 12.5 thousand years ago, unknown architects erected a complex of pyramids, encoding in its plan the connection of the three planets of the Solar system, and in the orientation of the statue leo the date.
when it took place to be.
A little later, water gushed out from somewhere with a monstrous force.
Its flow destroyed the pyramids, but the Sphinx.
hollowed out of a monolithic rock and, possibly, covered with sand, it stood.
After 8000 years, during the reign of the pharaohs of the fourth dynasty, the remaining structures were restored.
It is possible, however, that the Sphinx was also restored: we assume that initially it depicted just a lion, and a human head – specifically, the head of Pharaoh Khephren (opposite whose Pyramid it stands) – was attached to it during the reign of Pharaoh Khephren.
French archaeologists have noticed that the dating of the Egyptian flood coincides with the date of the death of the legendary Atlantis according to Plato.
Tokyo scientists also gave out a second sensation: electronic equipment showed a narrow tunnel under the left paw of the stone statue leading towards the pyramid of Khafren.
It starts at a depth of two meters and goes downhill obliquely.
It has not yet been possible to trace it further, but Professor Yoshimura promised to create a new device specifically for the study of this underground passage.
P.S. Measures of Ancient Egypt
After digging into the history of the origin of units of measurement and standards, it is not difficult to find out that the Egyptians had three units of length: the elbow (466 mm), which was equal to seven palms (66.5 mm), which, in turn, was equal to four fingers (16.6 mm).
Long distances were measured in tens and hundreds of elbows or palms.
It is easy to see that the side of the base of the pyramid of Cheops is exactly 500 cubits.
It is tempting, of course, to see a certain "astral" meaning in the height of the pyramid of Cheops.
But isnot it easier to assume that the pyramids were built exactly as the customer required?
The Pharaoh, or, for example, the council of priests.
He will order: "a hundred cubits in height" – and they will build it.
And how could the Pharaoh order?
Most likely, he set the height in round numbers – of course, in Egyptian measures...
To verify this assumption, we will measure the pyramids not in meters, but in elbows (lk) and palms (ld).
And what happens?
Of the three pyramids of Giza, the smallest, Mykerin, has a height of one thousand ld (66 m).
The pyramid of Snefru has 200 lux.
Finally, at the pyramid of Khufu – Cheops) - 300 lx 100 ld (146.6 m): the son surpassed his father by almost one and a half times.
Other measurements of the pyramid of Cheops are also interesting: the side of the base is 500 lx (233 m), the apopheme of the side face is 400 lx (187 m), the length of the main gallery is 100 lx (46.2 m), the upper course is 500 ld (33 m) , etc.
The famous Pyramids are aligned with the stars
The question "how old are the Egyptian pyramids?" seems to have been solved for a long time: about 4500 years.
However, the way to solve this issue, based on the analysis of ancient records, is not very accurate.
As a result, estimates of the age of the pyramids may be overstated or underestimated by about 100 years.
From one point of view, compared to their age, this is not much; from another point of view, man is an imperfect being and always strives for the ideal.
So Egyptologists finally could not stand the uncertainty and began to develop methods for more accurate dating.
One of them, developed by the British Egyptologist Kate Spence from Cambridge, is based on astronomy.
The fact is that there are many riddles and questions associated with the Egyptian pyramids.
One of them is this: how did the ancient Egyptians manage to align their creations so precisely?
After all, two of the four sides of each pyramid are directed quite accurately from north to south!
Kate Spence believes that the stars helped the ancient builders in this.
More precisely, two stars: Mizar and Kohab, in the constellations of the Great and Little Dipper.
Due to the displacement of the Earth's own axis in space (with a period of 26,000 years) these two stars point to different directions of the world in different centuries.
By calculating when they pointed to the north, you can very accurately determine the time of construction of the pyramids.
Moreover, the "two stars" theory perfectly explains the errors in the alignment of the pyramids that the Egyptians still made (in fact, Spence developed her theory to explain these errors).
After all, the pyramids were not built at the same time, the stars managed to shift a little during this time and the direction "to the north" also shifted somewhat.
Today's "northern" star – the Polar Star in those years did not point at all to the north and could not serve as a reference point for the Egyptians.
Using her method, Kate Spence calculated the time of construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza (one of the Seven Wonders of the World).
She believes that this happened in 2478 BC, plus or minus five years.
Thus, according to the" astronomical " theory, the Great Pyramid is 4478 years old – 75 years more than was previously thought.
It is not known whether the ancient architects really determined the direction to the north by two stars, but there is no argument against the fact that they could do this.
We know only one thing for sure: the pyramids were aligned to the north because the Egyptians believed that the dead pharaoh became a star in the northern sky.
Therefore, it is quite logical to assume that when building pyramids for the dead pharaohs, they looked in the direction of their new home.
The Spence method is also important for two more reasons.
First, it does not contradict the established ideas about the age of the pyramids: 75 years fit well into the dating error according to written sources.
Secondly, it serves as an additional argument against the view that the pyramids and the Sphinx were built several thousand years earlier than previously thought.
Having obtained such well converging results using two different methods, we can firmly believe that the pyramids were built in the middle of the third millennium BC.
How the pyramids were built
Italian Egyptologist Osvaldo Falestiedi, offered a solution to the method of building the Egyptian pyramids.
The Falestiedi hypothesis is based on the testimony of Herodotus, who mentioned in the V century BC about "wooden machines for the construction of the tombs of the Egyptian rulers".
The remains of one of these machines, Falestiedi believes, were found in the XIX century during the excavations of the temple of Queen Hatsepshut.
An enthusiastic Italian managed to restore an ancient device, and it worked!
The Falesti designed machine resembles a cradle.
Inside the wooden frame, a stone block tied with ropes is placed, which is swung with the help of special wedges.
With the help of such rocking, the inventor is convinced, the ancient Egyptians lifted multi ton stones.
The discovery of Falestiedi was tested by Japanese and American engineers and archaeologists.
I: an independent expert examination; confirmed the correctness of ita llants.
Now Falestiedi, together with engineers from the Turin Polytechnic Institute, is going to create a working model of a device that can lift stones weighing up to forty tons.
Search Home Page > Anomalous Phenomena > Riddles of Ancient Civilizations > Egyptology Map
