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Biography of Roman Abramovich
There are no less white spots in the biography of Roman Abramovich than in the photographs of Chukotka headed by him
I bet that the vast majority of Russians have no idea who Roman Abramovich is.
For someone, he is the owner of Sibneft, for someone the governor of Chukotka.
Others do not know anything about this mysterious figure at all.
Meanwhile, Forbes magazine last week put him on the second place in the list of Russian rich people and on the 49th place in the world.
The magazine estimated the tycoon's fortune at $5.7 billion.
Not weak.
At the same time, the financial magnate does not like to advertise his capital, showing a disregard for the norms of secular society: he wears a formal tuxedo only on great holidays, loves worn jeans and a sweater and categorically refuses to shave.
At the age of 36, Abramovich, as other journalists write, looks more like an orphan loser.
By the way, he really is an orphan.
And this is probably the only thing that is known for certain about his past.
Parents were killed in an overturned tractor
The future "neftyanik" was born in October 1966.
Roman's parents lived in Syktyvkar, the capital of Komi.
His father Arkady Nakhimovich Abramovich worked as a supplier in one of the construction departments, his mother Irina Vasilyevna was a certified musician.
Family life was short lived.
A year and a half after the birth of her only son, Irina Abramovich died.
Two years later, Arkady Nakhimovich followed his wife.
The orphaned oligarch once told reporters that during the installation of a crane, an arrow fell on his father and a few days later he died.
This is the official version.
The neighbors in Abramovich's Moscow apartment, where he spent his childhood and youth, recalled something completely different in a conversation with me:
- Abram, Roman's paternal uncle, told then in secret that the boy's parents were killed when the tractor they were driving overturned.
Both died at once.
But my uncle asked Roma not to say anything, so as not to traumatize the child's psyche.
Who knows, maybe he still doesnot know anything.
For the first time after the death of his parents, Roma lived with relatives in Komi (first in Syktyvkar, then in Ukhta), and then, together with his paternal grandmother Tatyana Semyonovna, he moved to a one room apartment in the center of Moscow.
According to the neighbors of the capital, the grandmother and her grandson had few guests.
Only Uncle Abram visited them almost every day, inquired about his nephew's progress at school, worried about him.
I worried, however, in vain - Roman was not a notorious slob.
But he also did not become the pride of teachers.
Secondary school No. 232 "suffers" from a theatrical bias.
In its lobby, directly opposite the entrance, there is a sign with the names of famous graduates: director Todorovsky, actress Olga Kabo, TV presenter Pyotr Marchenko...
Abramovich's last name is not on the list.
- He generally asked me not to tell anyone anything about his school years, - the director of the school Lyudmila Prusenkova admitted to the "Interlocutor".
In those years, she worked here as a head teacher and knows Roman firsthand.
The veil of secrecy with which Abramovich covered his childhood is obscure.
Neighbors remember that he was the perfect child:
- He's so quiet, modest.
Homebody.
He never smoked, and no one saw him drunk (and Roma lived here until the early 90s).
This, however, did not help Abramovich to enter a Moscow university: he failed the entrance exams.
Then the future businessman moved to relatives in Ukhta, where it was much easier to become a student, but he studied at the Industrial Institute (UII) for only a few months - he dropped out.
Roman then said to his uncle in Moscow:
- And I donot need this diploma.
And as a result, he joined the army.
Fellow journalists from the Komi Republic explained this dislike for higher education simply: a student of Abramovich at the UII... there never was.
- We have raised all the documentation in the archives of the institute, but we have not found any evidence that Abramovich R. A. studied there, - Alexey Lazarev, a correspondent of the newspaper "Youth of the North", told me.
If so, it turns out that the nephew simply rubbed his uncle that he was learning the basics of industrial sciences with might and main, but in fact he did not study anywhere and beat the bucket, even then having exchanged the classical alma mater for the universities of life.
That he was the head of the welding unit is a lie
Abramovich, who had flown with universities for two years, had to work in an artillery regiment, in an auto platoon.
He never made it out of the ranks as a sergeant, but he made a lot of friends.
Some of the oligarch's army friends still do not lose contact with him.
Igor Pavlov, for example, is plowing hard in the Sibneft company owned by Abramovich.
- After the army, - Abramovich recalled at one of his rare press conferences, - I worked for some time in the construction and installation department.
The position was called "head of the welding unit".
The work is like this: I came in the morning, turned it on, turned it off in the evening.
On the official website of the government of the Chukotka Autonomous District, in the biography of Roman Abramovich, the number of this department is even indicated: SU 122 of the Mosspetsmontazh trust (January 1987 - January 1989).
However, in the SU itself, we are very surprised by this circumstance.
- Well, we never had any Abramovich, - they just threw up their hands in the personnel department.
- He does not pass through any documents with us.
But if he gives us money for repairs, then we will confirm anything.
And so...
The discrepancy also comes out with the post army education of Roman Arkadyevich.
From the moment of his appearance on the oil market, he assured everyone that he had finished (or at least studied - here Abramovich gets confused in his testimony) Gubkin Moscow Institute of Oil and Gas.
But he did not finish and did not even study - we made special inquiries.
Where Abramovich gnawed the granite of science for sure, it was at the Moscow State Law Academy.
At the department of targeted training of the correspondence faculty.
He even has a corresponding diploma: a lawyer (with a specialization in state law).
But he received it quite recently, so the dean of the faculty, Alexander Magomedov, still remembers his famous graduate:
- He was a fairly diligent student, although he studied at an average level.
He had" satisfactory", "good" and "excellent".
However, here, too, questions arise for the student Abramovich.
He claims that he studied to be a lawyer in just a year - from 1999 to 2000.
The MSLA also claims that they gave the oligarch a diploma only in 2001.
But even in this situation, it is difficult to understand how Roman Arkadyevich bothered to comprehend all the subtleties of jurisprudence in such a short time.
To graduate from the academy, you need to spend at least four years studying textbooks, and even then if you have a first higher education, with which, as we found out, our hero has very big problems.
And when did he have to study, because this "half educated" came to business already in the early 90s.
- I organized a cooperative, "Comfort" was called.
We made toys out of polymers , - another public memory of Abramovich.
- Those guys with whom we worked in the cooperative, then made up the managing link of Sibneft - Zhenya Shvidler, Valery Oif...
The career of the "toy" businessman Roman, however, did not attract.
In the first half of the 90s, he became the founder and co founder of almost two dozen intermediary firms engaged in petroleum products.
That's what I made a name for, but first I got burned.
It was like this.
In February 1992, a train arrived from Ukhta to Moscow with 55 tanks, in which 3.5 thousand tons of diesel fuel splashed.
A few days later, the train went to Kaliningrad, but on the way it disappeared without a trace.
According to the investigation version, and on the fact of theft, the investigative department of the Moscow Police Department opened a criminal case No. 79067, " Abramovich R. A. ... using deliberately forged documents, under the guise of sending fuel to a military unit stationed in the Kaliningrad region, transported it to Riga, where it was sold."
For some unknown reason, Abramovich did not bear any responsibility at that time, although he was even taken into custody.
It is possible that today those 55 tanks play the role of the chain on which the businessman holds power.
As it happened with Berezovsky, who not so long ago remembered cars from AvtoVAZ and with whom, by the way, Abramovich is friends with families.
The first wife canot get him out of the apartment in any way
Roman Abramovich does not like to spread widely about his family.
His first wife Olga is from Astrakhan.
He took her as a spouse with a child and lived together with Olga and her daughter Nastya for several years.
"They dispersed quietly, without a scandal," the Abramovich neighbors recall.
- Both of them left the house, and the apartment was empty for several years.
Now Olga and Nastya sometimes appear here.
Olga keeps complaining that she canot get Roman out of the apartment in any way, although he doesnot live here and doesnot pay rent.
In general, he never helped his first family.
Recently, Nastya graduated from school and asked him to help with work or with admission to the institute, he refused.
And in general, the further away, the more Roma changed, he became more calculating.
He met his current wife Irina Abramovich on the plane - she worked as a flight attendant.
In 1991, the couple got married, and now they already have four children: Anya, Arkasha, Sonya and Arina.
The youngest is not yet two years old.
Roman Arkadyevich is forced to communicate with the family on a shift basis.
The family lives in an estate near Moscow (by the way, at the former dacha of Marshal Yazov), and he himself disappears half the time in Chukotka entrusted to him with gubernatorial duties.
In the same place, in the Chukotka patrimony, Abramovich's relatives, whom Roman had transported from Komi to Moscow even earlier, also disappear.
Only Uncle Abram, according to the stories of neighbors, huddles in one of the castles belonging to the family somewhere in Germany.
Meanwhile, when it comes to Abramovich, they remember a completely different" family", Yeltsin's.
In this context, the name of the oligarch first surfaced at the end of 1998, when Alexander Korzhakov called him the" purse " of the Yeltsin family.
Abramovich's detractors are still washing his bones, looking for evidence that he was the treasurer of the "family" and bought real estate abroad for its members.
In return, the "gray cardinal" received access to the formation of the government (his henchmen were considered to be Nikolai Aksenenko, Yevgeny Adamov, Viktor Kalyuzhny and even Mikhail Kasyanov), the opportunity to increase his capital (including at the expense of international tranches, about the fate of which the Swiss prosecutor's office had big questions about one of Abramovich's firms - Runikom) and the chance to become an oil king, which he did not miss.
A Chinese man who dreamed of Slavneft was taken hostage right at the airport
Apparently, Abramovich did not make a secret from his past for the sake of a whim.
Silence for him in the literal sense of the word is gold.
Only black, oil.
Take, for example, the privatization of Sibneft, in which Roman Arkadyevich is rightfully at home today.
A few years ago, this company was a state owned one.
However, Abramovich's acquaintance with Berezovsky and his connection with the" family "helped to"correct" this situation.
Then the businessman used the method of the so called collateral auction for the first time.
One way or another, but in all three auctions for the sale of Sibneft shares in 1995-1997, only one day firms controlled (or friendly) by Roman Abramovich participated.
As a result, the controlling stake of the company cost the oil tycoon 25 times cheaper than the market value.
It is no wonder that the privatization of Sibneft was recognized by the Accounting Chamber as ineffective.
Yes, there is privatization.
According to the same Accounting Chamber, in 2001, the lowest income tax in Europe was not in Russia, but in Sibneft - less than 10%.
During that year, the oil company underpaid at least 10 billion rubles to the budget.
Sibneft sold most of its products through trading firms, half of whose employees were disabled, that is, they had benefits.
Before that, another shadow scheme was also used: according to the papers, oil allegedly followed to far abroad, but in the end it turned out to be somewhere in Ukraine.
So Abramovich saved on VAT, and this is tens of millions of dollars.
According to Omsk officials, back in 1998 in the UBOP of the Omsk region (the company's head office is located here) a plan of operational investigative measures was developed to identify tax concealers.
They didnot identify it, it didnot work out.
The criminal case initiated by the Federal Tax Police Service in the Omsk Region has successfully stalled.
But something else appeared: on the main Omsk publican Vladimir Fedorenko.
He was accused of a bribe in the form of a 200 meter length of pipe that the water utility brought to the village where Fedorenko lived.
As a source who worked at the Omsk City Hall at that time admitted to the "Interlocutor" :
- Everyone knew that it probably couldnot have happened without Abramovich.
Since then, the local tax authorities have not had any more questions about Sibneft and Roman Abramovich personally.
And here is a very recent episode from the oil biography of Roman Abramovich - the scandalous privatization of Slavneft in December last year.
Do you remember how Kasyanov and Stepashin first worried when the state package of shares of the company went under the hammer for half price, and then philosophically remarked: well, what can you do, they say, an auction is an auction.
But Rosneft claims that there was no auction, but only a farce.
Why?
The winners (TNK and Sibneft) agreed among themselves in advance.
Their real competitors (CJSC "Finansprofit Expert") were not allowed to participate in the auction for some reason.
And all the other companies either refused to participate in the auction themselves, or kept quiet, bearing in mind the recent abduction of the vice president of LUKOIL Kukura (the investigation of which, by the way, is now safely suspended).
At that time, financial analysts called the Chinese CNPC the strongest rival of Abramovich, but the day before the start of the competition, she also refused to participate.
I then contacted the company, tried to find out the reasons, but the CNPC employee was as if frightened by something and could not clearly answer anything.
Everything was clarified only in the middle of February this year.
The international magazine Far Eastern Economic Revie, citing a source in CNPC, wrote that one of the members of the Chinese delegation that arrived at the auction was abducted right at the airport.
He was released only after the company refused to participate in the auction.
Having tried the governor's chair, is he getting close to the presidential one?
Is it any wonder that with such a risky business, Abramovich needed parliamentary immunity.
And he received it, becoming a deputy of the State Duma in the Chukotka district No. 223 in 1999.
Legends immediately appeared that in the Duma the oligarch was housed in luxury apartments, went to meetings with two "cabinets"-guards and did nothing at the same time.
- A normal office, like everyone else's, does not stand out in any way, - State Duma deputy Igor Chernyshenko, who got the former Abramovich apartments, dispelled the rumors.
- There were no guards, - says his colleague Nikolai Piskun.
- I know that.
In the hall, Abramovich was sitting just behind me, a row higher.
And he worked, like everyone else, just tried not to stand out in anything.
He has an amazing ability to be invisible.
I sat modestly, listened modestly, remembered, analyzed.
And by the way, he did not consider it beneath his dignity, like some deputies, to come to the committee meetings.
Abramovich worked in the committee on problems of the North and the Far East, and the head of the committee, Valentina Pivnenko, still remembers him with a kind word:
- Rum?
How, how, I remember.
And I am very grateful to him for his work.
After all, he came to the committee himself, of his own volition.
Said: "Assign any problems." it was thanks to Abramovich that pensions for northerners were increased.
it was a pity when Roma said that he would leave the Duma and participate in the elections of the governor of Chukotka.
My own son is only two years younger than him, and I thought then: "The governorship is such a headache.
Well, why do you need this, boy?"
And really, why?
Maybe the businessman was seduced by the local oil fields?
After all, the Ministry of Natural Resources has already allowed Sibneft Chukotka LLC to explore the waters of the Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea for further development.
According to preliminary estimates, more than 16 billion tons of black gold are buried here.
Or it's all about ordinary gold - a few years ago, Sibneft bought a controlling stake in the unique Mayskoye mine.
According to geologists, it can be developed for decades, having multiple returns.
Or in giant fish stocks.
One of the statements of Roman Abramovich: "Fish is close to oil.
Both oil and fish are things that do not need to invest money in, it grows by itself."
Or maybe the reason for Abramovich's transformation into the head of Chukotka is still the same fear of criminal prosecution?
It is no coincidence that Roman Arkadyevich chose this post in 2000, immediately after the adoption of the law on governor's immunity.
But then why did he deploy such work in the district?
Why is he building hotels, cinemas and supermarkets there?
Why does he spend millions of dollars of his own money on aborigines?
- He is trying in every possible way to prove his usefulness to the new government, - the journalist Elena Dikun, who visited the Far Eastern patrimony of Abramovich, is sure.
- One prominent Moscow politician on the eve of my trip to Anadyr for a long time convinced that " Roma was seriously scared when he saw how Putin took up his old friend Berezovsky.
He began to imagine that soon he would share his fate.
So now he is trying to atone for his sins in Chukotka and get an indulgence."
When I retold this to Abramovich, he nodded in agreement: "An excellent version.
Accepted."
And added a little later: "Why doesnot anyone believe that I'm just interested in it?"
Apparently, the oligarch Abramovich is really interested in this.
For him, who has passed through all the dirty stages of the formation of big business, power is not a burden, but rather a hobby, governorship is not a job, but a hobby, and Chukotka, as the same Dikun said, is "extreme and drive".
He got into the taste, and some analysts seriously read him first the place of the Moscow mayor, and then who knows?
After all, Putin has not settled in the Kremlin forever either...
Biography of Roman Abramovich.
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