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Landsknechts
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Landsknechts
Occupation:
Military assistance to the State employer
Operation time:
1487 - XVIII century
Homeland:
Germany (Holy Roman Empire)
Location of the action:
Europe
Weapon:
Katzbalger, Reitarsky sword, Zweichender, Flamberg, Gross Messer, Halberd, Esponton, Protazan, Lucerne Hammer, Pike, Steel Crossbow, Arquebus, Arquebus, Wheel Pistol
Armor:
Landsknecht armor, Bourguignot, Morion
Enemies:
Swiss mercenary troops, opponents of the employer's country
Landsknechts are German mercenary infantrymen of the Renaissance.
The term was first introduced around 1470 by Pieter van Hagenbach, a chronicler of the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold.
Landsknechts were hired mainly from representatives of the lower class (the poor) as opposed to knights and nobles, although the latter often held the positions of senior officers in Landsknecht formations.
In addition, the Landsknechts were a kind of" German answer " to the Swiss infantry.
It is worth noting the hostility of the Landsknechts to the Swiss, as a result of which both of them, fighting with each other, did not take prisoners, killing them.
Like any mercenaries (and often ordinary troops), in the conditions of war, the Landsknechts were not averse to robbery and robbery.
In this regard, during the Thirty Years ' War, such words as "gang" (a detachment of landsknechts) and "marauder" (the surname of one of the Landsknecht captains) became common.
It was also believed that a landsknecht earned more in a month than a farmer earned in a year.
And the landsknechts, who served for a double salary, were called doppelsoldners (German. Doppelsöldner).
Troops of mercenaries landsknechts and reitar, which became widespread in Europe from the end of the XV century to the beginning of the XVIII century.
they were a transitional link from the knight cavalry of the Middle Ages to the regular armies of the new time, which were completed with recruits.
Content [expand]
History Edit
Initially, the Landsknechts were created as a support force by Emperor Maximilian.
However, over time, detachments of Landsknechts began to be hired by those who paid more, excluding the enemies of the Holy Roman Empire (Germany).
Hired from the common population, they were a counterweight to elite knights, and soon, thanks to new weapons and tactics, the Landsknechts became the best troops in Europe.
For the first time, mercenary troops showed their effectiveness in the Burgundian wars.
The new mobile infantry quickly became the main component of mercenary armies throughout Europe.
The main ideological opponent and competitor of the Landsknechts were the Swiss.
The Swiss reigned on the battlefield for about a century, until a new weapon was introduced light cavalry and arquebuses.
But soon, in one of the battles, the Landsknechts destroyed over 3,000 Swiss mercenaries, using earth fortifications, exhausting attacks and a new weapon arquebuses.
The development of firearms caused the decline of the power and glory of the Landsknechts.
They disappeared by the second half of the XVI century, and even the word "landsknecht" disappeared from use, now they were called Imperial Infantry.
Organization Edit
The detachment of landsknechts was usually called a company, which in many European languages also means "company" (English company; French compagnie; it. compagnia; Spanish compañía; German. Kompanie).
The number of these companies, unlike modern companies, could reach several hundred or even thousands of people.
At the head of the company was the captain, who was the senior military commander, as well as the treasurer of the company, whose task was to find an employer, conclude a favorable contract with him and distribute payment among the members of the company according to their position and merits.
The captain established the company's charter — a set of disciplinary rules that defined the duties and responsibilities of the company's members, he was also the highest judge who passed a sentence for violations of these norms.
Discipline in the company was maintained by severe measures — corporal punishment (for non compliance with orders), and in the case of serious crimes (fleeing from the battlefield) and the death penalty.
Punishments were appointed by the captain and were usually executed before the general formation — they served as a means of educating not only the person being punished, but also the whole company.
The robbery of civilians or prisoners of war was not considered a great sin, and sometimes a city taken by storm was given for several days "to plunder" the company, as an incentive.
<img src="http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/b/bd/7b32c290ec3b94cead435d91fca1d623 full.jpg/revision/latest/scale to width down/180?cb=20120203165745&amp;path prefix=ru" alt="7b32c290ec3b94cead435d91fca1d623 full.jpg" class="thumbimage " data image key="7b32c290ec3b94cead435d91fca1d623 full.jpg" data image name="7b32c290ec3b94cead435d91fca1d623 full.jpg "width=" 180 "height=" 240 " > Sometimes the captain appointed himself one or more assistant lieutenants (from the French lieu tenant deputy).
Depending on the size of the company, it could be divided into smaller units, headed by lower — ranking commanders sergeants, corporals, field sergeants.
The leaders of the companies were also called condottieri (from Ital. condotta — employment contract).
Representatives of the highest noble aristocracy often acted as condottieri.
Monarchs, large feudal lords, and free cities acted as employers of landsknecht companies.
The supply of the company was provided, as a rule, by sutlers — merchants who specialized in selling all kinds of goods to mercenaries.
The Landsknechts earned well and did not make savings, so this trade was very profitable, and there was no shortage of sutlers.
In the campaign, the company was followed by a large wagon train, in which there were sutlers with goods, artisans serving the Landsknechts (gunsmiths, tailors, shoemakers, barbers, etc.), mobile brothels, carts with personal property of the Landsknechts and even with their families.
Despite all the costs, the mercenary troops of the Landsknechts during the disintegration of feudal society proved to be more effective than the striking force of the feudal troops the knight cavalry, and during the XVI century completely replaced the latter for the following reasons.
With the spread of firearms, the invulnerability of armored knights and the inaccessibility of their castles are coming to naught.
"The cannon killed feudalism" is a saying attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte.
<img src="http://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/a/a5/Landsknecht fight.jpg/revision/latest/scale to width down/180?cb=20121122140948&amp;path prefix=en "alt=" Landsknecht fight.jpg "class=" thumbimage "data image key=" Landsknecht fight.jpg "data image name=" Landsknecht fight.jpg "width=" 180 " height=" 111 " > Two landsknechts are fighting with a knight.
The knights 'cavalry consisted mainly of representatives of the "noble" class, which was relatively small, so the army of Landsknechts, recruited from all classes, outnumbered the knights ' formations — the employer would have had enough money — and the Landsknechts were not inferior to the knights in professionalism.
The knights — the elite of feudal society had their own political ambitions.
They are indispensable participants in conspiracies and palace coups, and often they betrayed their overlord in favor of a pretender to the throne, while landsknechts served only for money and, as a rule (provided they were paid generously and regularly), had no motives for participating in political intrigues, and therefore enjoyed great confidence from the monarchs.
Military tactics Edit
<img src="http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/1/1f/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_7.jpg/revision/latest/scale to width down/180?cb=20121129104200&amp;path prefix=en "alt=" Landsknecht 7.jpg "class=" thumbimage "data image key=" %D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_7.jpg "data image name=" Landsknecht 7.jpg "width= "180" height= "252" > In large gangs of Landsknechts, there was a division into detachments, each of which performed its own function.
Pikemen — the main mass of landsknechts were soldiers using pikes and protected by a helmet and cuirass.
They formed the front ranks and covered the detachment from the cavalry.
Shock troops armed with two handed swords or halberds and well protected.
They went on the attack in the first ranks, breaking into the ranks of the enemy's pikes, breaking them and clearing passages for the main forces.
Arquebusiers at first they used crossbows, but later they were almost completely armed with arquebuses and katzbalgers.
Almost no protection was worn.
These are squads of shooters who cause damage in skirmishes, in fortified positions or before clashes of squads.
Weapons and armor Edit
<img src="http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/0/00/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_2.jpg/revision/latest/scale to width down/180?cb=20121122135639&amp;path prefix=en "alt=" Landsknecht 2.jpg "class=" thumbimage "data image key=" %D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_2.jpg "data image name=" Landsknecht 2.jpg "width= "180" height= "286" >
Landsknechts could be armed with the following types of weapons:
Bladed Weapon: Zweihender (Two handed sword)
Flamberg (two handed or one and a half sword with a wavy blade)
Gross Messer (two handed saber)
Katzbalger (or Koshkoder, its size ranged from 35 to 120 cm, although the standard version had a value of about 70 cm.
It was used as an additional weapon to the pike/zweihander/flamberg/arquebuse, etc.
It had a role from a knife to a one and a half sword, but basically it can be classified as a short sword for close combat)
Reitarsky sword (could be used as an alternative to katzbalger)
Pole weapon: Infantry Pike (The weapon of the main part of the Landsknecht Gang)
Halberd
Esponton
Protazan
Lucerne hammer
Ranged weapons:
<img src="http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/d/d5/9b030a51d52d2d97980b83f85f7.jpg/revision/latest/scale to width down/180?cb=20120203165759&amp;path prefix=ru" alt="9b030a51d52d2d97980b83f85f7.jpg" class="thumbimage " data image key="9b030a51d52d2d97980b83f85f7.jpg" data image name="9b030a51d52d2d97980b83f85f7.jpg" width="180" height="240" >
Steel Crossbow
Arquebus (eventually completely replaced by arquebuses)
Arquebus
Wheel pistol (only for senior officers)
Helmets: Bourguignot
Morion
Armor: The characteristic armor of the Landsknechts was the 3/4 armor (a special type of incomplete armor protection), also known as"Landsknecht armor".
The quality and degree of protection of the armor depended both on the economic status of the landsknecht himself and on his position in the ranks.
Clothing Edit
<img src="http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/d/d3/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_1.jpg/revision/latest/scale to width down/180?cb=20121122134944&amp;path prefix=en "alt=" Landsknecht 1.jpg "class=" thumbimage "data image key=" %D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_1.jpg "data image name=" Landsknecht 1.jpg "width= "180" height= "309" >
A suit with wide sleeves and trousers, huge hats with feathers — the clothes of the landsknechts were the most decorated, provocative and tasteless during the Renaissance.
The Landsknechts were free from the laws regulating the style and appearance of clothing that other citizens obeyed — Emperor Maximilian I granted them this exemption: "Their life is so short and joyless that gorgeous clothes are one of their few pleasures.
I'm not going to take it away from them."
Their garments were famous for their decoration in the style of "boofs and cuts", which arose as a result of cutting through the outer clothing and stuffing the lower layers through these cuts.
The style of "boofs and cuts" in clothing was also adopted by other peoples, becoming a common type of jewelry in some parts of Europe.
Some of the English nobility were fascinated by the "puffs and cuts".
Henry VIII began to dress in this style after seeing the clothes of the landsknechts he hired; in fact, the famous portrait of Henry VIII by Hans Holbein depicts him in a doublet decorated with puffs and slits.
Other portraits of Heinrich depict him wearing what looked like a knee length skirt; he adopted this style from the German military skirts worn by some Landsknechts.
Henry's son, Edward VI and Elizabeth I also dressed in this style.
Since in battles, mercenaries often appeared on both sides of the conflict, who looked exactly the same, in order to distinguish "their own" from "strangers" in hand to hand combat, landsknechts belonging to the same company wore wide ribbons of cloth of the same color on their hats, on their belts, in the form of a shoulder bandage, or a sling over their shoulders.
This gave rise to calling each company of landsknechts a gang of the corresponding color (from the German das Band ribbon).
And thanks to the behavior of the Landsknechts in relation to the civilian population, the word "gang" in the pan — European practice has acquired a new meaning a stable armed criminal group.
Also, in the landsknecht costume, a huge codpiece is remembered, reflecting the fashion trends of its time, which some stuffed with cotton wool for size and to soften the blow.
Also, a purse could easily fit into the codpiece, and landsknechts on a double salary had codpieces as an element of armor.
Галерея Править
Добавить фото <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_3.jpg"><img src="http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/a/a1/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_3.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121122135737&amp;path prefix=ru" alt=""></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_4.jpg"><img src="http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/2/2f/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_4.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121122135846&amp;path prefix=ru" alt=""></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_5.jpg"><img src="http:
//vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/9/9d/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_5.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121122140119&amp;path prefix=ru" alt=""></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_6.jpg"><img src="http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/c/c2/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_6.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121129103838&amp;path prefix=ru" alt=""></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:The New Year s Landsknecht by CG Zander.jpg"><img src="http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/2/25/The New Year s Landsknecht by CG Zander.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121129104356&amp;path prefix=ru" alt=""Новогодний Ландскнехт".
Арт от CG Zander."></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Landsknecht fight by guzboroda d3fpimw.jpg"><img src="http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/d/d0/Landsknecht fight by guzboroda d3fpimw.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121129104607&amp;path prefix=ru" alt="Сражение Ландскнехтов."></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg"><img src="http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/c/c0/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/revision/latest/zoom crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20121129105149&amp;path prefix=ru" alt="Отряд Ландскнехтов с различным вооружением."></a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:578d9647d7c90a5852243289ee2.jpg"><img src="http:
//vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/warrior/images/1/15/578d9647d7c90a5852243289ee2.jpg/revision/latest/top crop/width/240/height/240?cb=20120203165832&amp;path prefix=ru" alt=""></a>
"Новогодний Ландскнехт".
Арт от CG Zander.
Сражение Ландскнехтов.
Отряд Ландскнехтов с различным вооружением.
Интересные факты Править
After the end of the Northern War, Peter I settled a group of captured Swedish landsknechts on the outskirts of the city of Yaransk.
The settlers got families and became Russified, their houses made up a new urban area, now known as Lanzy (from Landsknechty).
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://slot1.images.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb1484221222/common/extensions/wikia/ImageLazyLoad/css/ImageLazyLoadNoScript.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://slot1.images.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb1484221222/common/extensions/wikia/TOCimprovements/TOCNoScript.css" />
Источник — «http://ru.warriors.wikia.com/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8B?oldid=74619»
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