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Home FAMOUS ENTREPRENEURS, BUSINESSMEN, MANAGERS STEPHEN PAUL JOBS (Steve Jobs) is a famous American entrepreneur, engineer, co founder and CEO of Apple.
STEPHEN PAUL JOBS (Steve Jobs) is a well known American entrepreneur, engineer, co founder and CEO of Apple.
Steve Jobs
Stephen Paul Jobs.
Steve Jobs was born in February 1956 in Mountain View, California, in an area that was destined to become the heart of Silicon Valley and the microcomputer industry.
Mountain View was the headquarters of Fairchild, where Robert Noyce created the first integrated circuit a couple of years after Jobs ' birthday.
Steve Jobs was an orphan who was adopted by foster parents Paul and Clara Jobs.
He was a child of the 1960s.
And in accordance with the time and place of birth, he became a rebel and a nonconformist.
His behavior and personality reflected his early environment, and it is quite possible that if he had come from Omaha, he would not have become the Stephen Jobs who made Apple Computer's famous.
The rebellious spirit of Haight Ashbury, Isaiah, Santa Cruz and Berkeley was part of the mystique of Silicon Valley.
Long hair, marijuana and sandals were part of the business and social life of Silicon Valley during the formation of Steve's personality.
Steve Jobs was a child of this era, which was best reflected during his stay at Homestead High, where he was unequivocally recognized as a rebel.
The author of the biography of Jobs (1990), Boucher wrote that during his studies at school, Steve Jobs was a loner and an iconoclast.
Steve Jobs symbolized a local subculture and an unconventional lifestyle peculiar to his homeland and time.
He rejected the generally accepted opinion, which became the key to his future innovative success.
Steve Jobs was a loner - sometimes even too eccentric avoided communicating with other children.
Steve Jobs was different from them and wanted to go his own way, this trait led him to create Apple Computer's.
Boucher spoke of Steve Jobs as a versatile person.
At school, Steve Jobs preferred to communicate with older children.
One of them was Steve Wozniak, who was four years older than him.
Steve Jobs was fond of electronics and was delighted when, together with Wozniak, he made a "blue box" that acts so that the telephone company could not register long distance calls.
Wozniak made these devices during his studies at Berkeley, and Jobs was engaged in selling them as a high school student.
This arrangement of roles was a harbinger of their future cooperation, because three years later, Jobs (20 years old) and Wozniak (24 years old) played out the same scenario at Apple.
Steve Jobs listened to a parting speech when he graduated from high school in 1972 and entered Reed College in Oregon.
He dropped out after finishing the first semester and went to work at Atari, waiting for an epiphany.
Business and personal survival.
The Apple computer manufacturing company was formed on April 1, 1976 and registered in early 1977.
In 1978, Apple obtained sufficient initial capital to continue working until official recognition in December 1980.
By 1980, more than 130,000 copies of the Apple 2 had been sold.
By 1982, 14,000 programs had been written for Apple 2.
And Apple has become a legislator in the PC market.
In fact, most experts believed that IBM would have to produce its model in an Apple compatible standard, if Apple did not make a number of serious strategic mistakes both in the hardware market and in the software market.
The selfishness of Steve Jobs and his autocratic management style greatly suppressed the current structure of Apple and prevented the creation of compatible computers.
Computers "Apple", "Lisa", "Macintosh" and "Apple 3" were incompatible even with each other because their operating systems were not standardized.
Eventually, in the mid 1980s, they realized what a big mistake they had made, but it was already too late.
If Apple had not been so short sighted, it would certainly have become the owner of the PC market.
Apple received recognition in December 1980, just four and a half years after the start of its activities.
The price of the distribution of shares was initially equal to $ 22, and then, in terms of the return on equity, Apple became comparable only to the Ford enterprise that flourished in 1950.
Apple has taken a place in the Fortune 500 rating faster than any other company in the world.
It has gained a reputation as a company that cares about user convenience and has dedicated its activities to facilitating the execution of operations and creating application programs.
From the very beginning, Apple's user friendly products began to dominate the markets of graphic and text editors.
By 1992, the annual revenue reached $ 7 billion.
Even with such a dizzying growth, Apple took only 10% of the global personal computer market, which gives some idea of the attractiveness of the market opened by Stephen Jobs.
The personal computer has entered into all spheres of life from business to household.
This is evidenced by the figures - by 1993, more than 100 million units were installed worldwide.
As mentioned earlier, Steve Jobs did not create any of the components of microprocessor based personal computers.
He was not involved in either system design or software equipment.
In fact, Steve Jobs did not touch on the technical part of the Apple 1 and Apple 2 projects.
The author of all the technologies was Steve Wozniak.
Steve Jobs acted as a catalyst that gave an impetus to the creation of a new market, he organized this risky business and achieved success.
Wozniak wanted to sell his invention, but instead Steve Jobs convinced him to sell the Hewlett Packard calculator and embark on a risky path of innovation.
Steve Wozniak studied at the faculty of engineering at Berkeley, but in the early 70s he dropped out of university, got a family and got a job at Hewlett Packard.
His father was also an engineer, and the boy was fascinated by this specialty from childhood.
In 1975, he joined Hewlett Packard and humbly engaged in the design of hardware and software parts.
Steve Jobs, in turn, had only one semester of formal education at Oregon's Reed College and, in parallel with running a car repair business, was fond of electronics.
Thus, in 1975, Steve Jobs could not be called a technical expert, moreover, his entire experience was limited to 6 months of work as a video game designer at Atari.
Neither Jobs nor Wozniak had any business or management experience at the time of the founding of Apple Computer (1976).
The lack of experience, funds and the general atmosphere of rejection made the first years of the company's work a daily struggle for existence.
Bankruptcy was a constant threat until the company received official recognition in 1980.
In 1977, two managers, symbolizing different management styles, engaged in this risky enterprise and raised its solvency.
Mike Markkula became chairman of the Management Board, and Mike Scott became president.
Their task was to accumulate funds for the needs of production.
They created the first semblance of professional management.
They made business plans, conducted marketing research and attracted initial capital.
But even after that, the company was close to bankruptcy in 1977, 1978 and 1979.
In the early 80s, Mike Scott divided the company and at the same time did not give Steve Jobs any leadership powers.
Jobs was furious and wanted to know why.
In response, he was told that he did not have enough experience and was too fickle to lead effectively.
This move caused internal divisions and confusion and, ultimately, led to the resignation of Mike Scott.
Steve Jobs became chairman of the board.
Steve Jobs overcame the path from lack of authority to omnipotence, making one good move and all thanks to an autocratic iron will.
The board of directors thought to give Steve Jobs a title, but not the opportunity to lead.
Autocrat Steve Jobs quickly proved that the board of directors was wrong.
Characteristics of personal behavior
Steve Jobs aspired to self knowledge.
He spent most of his youth in search of enlightenment, first in a commune in Oregon, and then doing Maharishi yoga while traveling in India.
He was a true child of the 1960s with an alternative lifestyle and hallucinogenic drugs.
Steve Jobs spent his life searching for its meaning (the sublimation of the desire to find out who his real parents are).
He tried crack therapy, marijuana, LSD, various fasts, vegetarianism.
Steve Jobs was looking for his identity within the framework of traditional culture.
Once Regis McKenna sent the capitalist Don Valentine to meet with the long haired, sandaled Steve Jobs.
After the meeting, Valentine told McKenna: "Why did you send me to this renegade of the human race?"
Steve Jobs was a rebel by nature and was constantly in search of self - expression through mysticism, an unconventional lifestyle or an innovative business.
And I found myself in business.
Steve Jobs was impetuously eager for power.
He was a perfectionist and aspired to perfection in everything.
Steve Jobs tirelessly pursued his goal and spurred others on.
For Jobs, there was only one way of life - his way.
During a long period of work at Apple, he did not have an official managerial position or authority.
However, he took on all imaginable power.
Jobs carried out management, changed plans, created new products, dictated policy, and all this without official authority.
As Bucher wrote about him, he created and broke the rules, and while doing this, he did not think about the feelings of others.
He put the goal at the forefront and was ready to sacrifice both people and the company for it.
He acted in this way and did not tolerate any other attitude to the matter from both the management and the employees.
Without the passionate, forward looking nature of Stephen Jobs, the Apple Computer phenomenon might never have happened.
George Gilder in his work "The Spirit of Entrepreneurship" (1984) spoke about Jobs:
As is typical of great entrepreneurs, the anxiety of his early years becomes the energy of moving forward.
All the emotional turmoil and restless energy of his youth - rebellion, failures, regrets, betrayal, self - search suddenly merge into an invincible creative force.
Steve Jobs noted that his role in creating a personal computer was something like a coincidence of circumstances, a coincidence of fate and time, and said about this: "I'm just a guy who could become a not very talented poet.
But I went this way."
The crisis is often the "father of innovation".
There is no more vivid example of this than the creation of the Apple computer by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
Wozniak was an electronics genius (Steve Jobs didnot even know how to use his oscilloscope), but Wozniak had a job, a career and a family.
Woz had a strong social position, he knew exactly what he wanted, and did not dream of anything other than creating new engineering structures.
Steve Jobs didnot have integrity.
He was an orphan and this could not leave a trace in his psyche.
He did not have a permanent job, family, career, friends.
He was constantly searching for his nirvana.
Steve Jobs was looking for himself, Wozniak was not.
Steve Jobs needed to find something significant to live for, and he found his passion - "Apple Computer".
Inexhaustible energy, willpower, striving forward and foresight were his guides to himself.
He had nothing else.
Apple was everything to him: family, work, love.
In it, he embodied his individuality.
Steve Jobs is an introvert, which means that he is a person who exudes great inner energy.
This trait appears through the desire to seize personal space in interaction with others and gives an impetus to the manifestation of autocratic behavior.
He also had intuitive thinking, and therefore saw various opportunities opening up in life.
Steve Jobs always saw the forest, not the trees, and was intolerant of those who looked at the world differently.
His decisions were rational, meaningful and radically different from the decisions that were made by emotional people.
Steve Jobs is constructive in his orientation to the outside world.
He liked to finish the job and not leave it halfway.
In the above description, Steve Jobs appears as the owner of the Prometheus temperament, which was discussed in chapter 2.
He is a perfectionist who strives to achieve perfection in everything.
He was looking for knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself and was open to new opportunities.
Foresight and the ability to take risks are the key features of the Prometheus temperament and they are certainly inherent in Jobs.
It was his temperament that was the reason for his autocracy, both in management and in interpersonal relations.
Steve Jobs concentrated absolute power in his hands and could be an ideal example of the Adler model of "striving for excellence" and "moving towards perfection".
Adler predicted that the insecurity and contradictions that accompany the early stages of life are transformed into a strong desire for achievement.
Steve Jobs is undoubtedly a confirmation of these theories.
In" The Accidental Millionaire " by Lee Boucher, there is a biographical essay about Jobs, in which he appears as an arrogant, energetic tyrant and a militant perfectionist.
His dictatorial management style created many enemies, although it was thanks to him that Steve Jobs achieved success.
This autocratic dictatorial style does not fit into pyramidal and hierarchical organizational structures.
Steve Jobs could not be accepted by bureaucratic organizations.
This behavior led to the fact that Steve Jobs as an executive became inadequate to the interests of Apple and, ultimately, it cost him his job at Apple.
Whether you love him or hate him is not important, but we must admit that his behavior is destructive for any organization, except for a beginner.
The propensity to take risks.
Before organizing Apple, Steve Jobs had to look for sources of funding for this far from popular concept.
Steve Jobs sold the first twenty five units of Apple 1 to the Byte store in Mountain View and did not even know if they would work.
In the first year of work, Steve Jobs turned his house (two rooms and a garage) into a production complex.
His sister helped assemble the chips.
He turned to merchants with a request to sell parts on credit.
These are examples of the sacrifices that any entrepreneur should be ready to make.
That's why the history of Apple is a success story, but who did not do it, there is no place for him in our book.
Apple has spawned more millionaires than IBM, HP, and Digital Equipment PKK combined.
Our innovators took an extraordinary risk, without which no innovative achievement can take place.
It is he who is the foundation of the idea and production.
Large scale innovations are never created by those who want to save their own peace.
Their authors are people who are in search of their place in life.
Steve Jobs absolutely exactly corresponds to this characteristic.
The Hollywood script usually depicts a kind of a windbag who sails through life in his boat, selling, for example, movie tickets, but this does not reflect reality.
This does not convey the constant state of struggle that innovators are waging in real life.
Steve Jobs managed to do something only by throwing all his perseverance and determination at it.
Apple has already worked in 1975, 1976 and 1977.
The company did not have the human and financial resources that Ibm, HP, Intel, DEC and many other companies had, which had every reason to become leaders in the production of personal computers.
The two Steves had only a dream, and despite this, they never gave up and did not lose faith in success, and therefore, they always achieved their goal.
They came very close to defeat in 1976, when "Commodore", "Atari" and "HP"almost absorbed " Apple Computer".
However, it seemed to these three firms that the price was $ 100,000.
plus, payments in the amount of $ 36,000 to three rights holders are unjustified.
What luck for the founders of Apple.
Just four years later, Jobs ' equity income alone was $ 256 million.
Steve Jobs became the director of Apple in 1981, but his career as a manager was ambiguous and unstable.
The arrival of John Scully in 1983 marked the beginning of the end of the career of the hot tempered and arrogant Jobs, who was eventually removed from the leadership in 1985.
The culmination of the victorious entry of the personal computer into the world was in 1982, when the Times, changing the wording of the annual Man of the Year award, named the personal computer as the winner.
Jobs ' income then amounted to $ 486 million.
A new invention and individuality.
Steve Jobs did not take his resignation from Apple to heart.
He immediately plunged into the development of a new concept, which was to introduce the latest microprocessor technologies into the education system.
Stephen Jobs created a new workstation that operated with models of economic processes and was used in training.
His charismatic personality and enthusiasm attracted many followers from Apple.
However, his greatest achievement in the course of this work was a huge flow of funds from investors.
He attracted investors by his personal example, having invested $ 15 million in a new company "Next".
Stephen Jobs (Stephen Paul Jobs) amazed the business world with a series of successful moves that began with the conclusion of a $ 20 million deal with Ross Perot.
This was followed by investments from the Japanese concern "Canon" in the amount of $ 100 million.
The partnership with IBM was a gift of fate, which brought tens of millions of sales income and other investments.
His irreconcilable competitor at Apple was now on his team.
Steve Jobs has earned the recognition of financial and academic circles, having enlisted the support of two prestigious universities: Stanford and Carnegie Mellon.
After that, he conducted a monumental deal with the Businessland Komshuyuter stores, the subject of which was the sale of future NEXT products in the amount of $ 100 million.
Steve Jobs did this tremendous work between 1985 and 1988.
The apogee was held in October 1988, the presentation of a new computer a super show at the Davis Symphony Hall in San Francisco.
The computer station "Next" was received critically.
Its sales levels did not meet the expectations of Jobs, and the media predicted the workstation, "next" the final failure in 1990.
But in the middle of 1991, the time came for workstations, and Jobs sold the products of the second generation of computers that were faster and more competitive.
Steve Jobs predicted that by the end of 1991, sales would be 200 million.
In February 1993, Steve Jobs sold hardware technologies to Canon.
He concentrated on software development and thus became a competitor to Bill Gates.
Meanwhile, experts said that "Next" is doomed to failure.
In October 1988, Steve Jobs became the hero of editorials in Newsweek and Businessweek.
Newsweek named him "Mr. Chip" ( Mr. Chip) In 1989, Inc magazine awarded him the honorary title "Entrepreneur of the Decade" in its anniversary issue (10th anniversary).
Steve Jobs became a true innovator and found himself in this life.
He was only thirty four when he stood alone again on the threshold of a second innovative success.
On March 20, 1991, the wedding of Stephen Jobs and a Stanford student Laura Powell took place in Yosemite Park.
Autocratic success.
Steve Jobs was successful because he believed in what he was doing; he believed that the path he chose was the right path.
The philosophy of Steve Jobs is: "My way is the best way."
This philosophy is available only to those who have a huge faith in themselves, which most often grows out of uncertainty.
This faith, or "willpower", allowed him to feel the right and timely path.
If the question arose whether to follow his intuition or rely on the opinion of specialists, he always chose intuition and relied on his willpower.
This is the classic way of creative personalities, and, probably, this is what they oppose themselves to specialists with a pessimistic way of thinking.
The way of thinking of specialists is the opposite of the way of thinking of innovators.
They are defending the "status quo".
Therefore, the innovator considers any opinion of specialists hackneyed.
Steve Jobs was extremely radical in relation to the opinion of experts and acted only according to his own rules, in an autocratic, and sometimes even hostile manner, challenging the establishment.
Steve Jobs constantly increased his autocratic power and therefore achieved extraordinary success.
His persuasive ability was legendary.
One of the reporters after talking with Steve Jobs said that he "can influence reality with an effort of will."
Steve Jobs became an instrument of the revolution produced by personal computers.
The key positions that personal computers occupy in the information age are the merit of Steve Jobs.
The PC can rightly be called one of the greatest innovative technologies of the second half of the XX century.
Steve Jobs will go down in history as one of the innovators responsible for its development.
This was made possible thanks to his militant will.
His desire to know himself and become the "master of the situation" was the decisive factor of success.
Steve Jobs was a pioneer.
He was undoubtedly " in the right place, at the right time, offering a timely product and having the right temperament."
He was initially willing to pay the price that should be paid, and undoubtedly paid it in full.
His autocracy and dictatorship may not have been the best methods of winning friends and influence, but undoubtedly, without them, this great innovation would not have been realized.
Steve Jobs used his "will to power" to an extent that is not often found in the annals of business.
The will of Steve Jobs was an iron will that helped him to withstand all adversities.
Here are the components of success.
Steve Jobs was considered lucky.
Yes, it is.
But, remember, he didnot just get four aces.
In fact, he was not so lucky, even in comparison with some of his contemporaries.
Steve Jobs played the cards thrown to him by fate, brightly and smartly.
Over time, history has shown that he made his game.
There is nothing to add to this.
Based on the book by Gene Landram " 13 men who changed the world"
Read about other outstanding entrepreneurs in the section " History of Business and Entrepreneurship"
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Home FAMOUS ENTREPRENEURS, BUSINESSMEN, MANAGERS STEPHEN PAUL JOBS (Steve Jobs) is a famous American entrepreneur, engineer, co founder and CEO of Apple.
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