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Home "The surrounding world" Planets and stars " Solar system
The solar system is a system of planets, in the center of which is a bright star, the source of energy, heat and light, the Sun.
According to one theory, the Sun was formed together with the Solar system about 4.5 billion years ago as a result of the explosion of one or more supernovae.
Initially, the Solar system was a cloud of gas and dust particles, which, in motion and under the influence of their mass, formed a disk in which a new star, the Sun, and our entire Solar System appeared.
At the center of the Solar system is the Sun, around which nine large planets rotate in orbits.
Since the Sun is displaced from the center of the planetary orbits, during the cycle of rotation around the Sun, the planets then approach, then move away in their orbits.
There are two groups of planets:
The planets of the Earth group: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
These planets are small in size with a rocky surface, they are closest to the Sun.
The giant planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
These are large planets consisting mainly of gas and they are characterized by the presence of rings consisting of icy dust and many rocky pieces.
But Pluto does not fall into any group, because, despite its location in the Solar System, it is located too far from the Sun and has a very small diameter, only 2320 km, which is half the diameter of Mercury.
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The sun is a giant fireball of very high temperature, consisting of plasma (ionized gas) in the composition with hydrogen and helium.
The diameter of the sun is 1.4 million km, the temperature on the surface is 5700° C, and in the core is 14,000,000° C.
The sun is 149.6 million km away from the Earth and is of vital importance for the entire plant and animal world on Earth.
Interestingly, the sun shines almost white, but near the surface of the planet Earth due to strong scattering becomes yellow, and in clear weather, along with the blue color of the sky, the Sun's rays again acquire white illumination... more detailed
Let's start a fascinating acquaintance with the planets of the Solar System in the order of their location from the Sun, and also consider their main satellites and some other space objects (comets, asteroids, meteorites) in the vast expanses of our planetary system.
Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the Sun.
Mercury rotates so slowly that passing a full circle around the sun, it rotates around its axis only 1.5 times, which is why the solar day on the planet lasts 58 earth days.
Therefore, on the night half of Mercury, the temperature drops to -180° C, and on the day half of the planet it heats up to +430° C ... read more
Venus is the closest planet to Earth.
Venus is surrounded by a layer of very dense clouds, due to the greenhouse effect.
The surface temperature of the planet is heated to +470° C, the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is much higher than in rocks, while the planet is located very close to the Sun, which leads to this effect
promotions
temperatures.
On
Venus
constantly
occur
flashes
lightning bolts,
exceeding the intensity on Earth, which may also be associated with volcanic activity... more detailed
The planet Earth has an atmosphere that is held by the forces of gravity, the atmosphere contains important elements of hydrogen, carbon, which make life possible on Earth.
The atmosphere consists of several layers, the lower of which - the troposphere is located 10-15 km from the Earth's surface.
Clouds and other natural phenomena form in this layer, the temperature of the troposphere is -40° C -50° C. Above is another stratosphere layer, which contains ozone gas, it absorbs waves of solar radiation, under the influence of which the temperature in the stratosphere rises to +15° C.
Even higher is the ionosphere, where the temperature drops to -90° C.
The Earth's surface consists of 2/3 of water, the rest is continents, where life develops both in water and on land.
The oxygen on Earth, the non critical temperature on the surface of the planet and other properties gave a favorable opportunity for the existence of the plant, animal world and human life on Earth... more detailed
The Earth's satellite: The Moon The planet Earth has its own faithful satellite, the Moon.
There is no atmosphere on its surface, it consists of rocks, and the entire surface of the moon is covered with craters and a thin layer of dust from the fine substance "regolith", which was formed as a result of repeated and constant falls of meteorites.... more detailed
Mars is a small planet that appears to the naked eye as a red planet.
The presence on the planet of formations resembling riverbeds, as well as traces of canyons and oceans, speaks in favor of the theory that Mars is most similar in structure to the planet Earth.
Until now, scientists imply the presence of water on the planet.
Just like on our planet, there is an atmosphere on Mars, only the oxygen content in it is negligible, only 0.13%, and the pressure on the surface is much lower than on Earth... more detailed
Moons of Mars: Phobos and Deimos Mars has two moons Phobos and Deimos, the diameters of the satellites are very small and they look more like asteroids because of the uneven surface.
The diameter of Phobos is 27 km, the diameter of Deimos is 15 km... more detailed
Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar system, consisting of gas, the layers of which are in constant vortex like movements.
The diameter of Jupiter is huge - 143,000 km (for comparison, the diameter of the Earth is 13,000 km).
Despite its large size, Jupiter rotates very quickly around its axis (in 9h 50 min of Earth days), which is why the diameters at the poles of the planet are compressed, and the equator is stretched... more detailed
Rings and moons of Jupiter: Europa, Io, Ganymede, Callisto and others...
The planet Jupiter is surrounded by a whole family of 16 satellites, and each of them has its own, unlike other features... more detailed
Saturn This amazing and beautiful planet has pronounced rings that are easy to see in an ordinary telescope, and the uniqueness of Saturn is also that its density is lower than the average density of water and, if you imagine that there could be an ocean on the surface, you could see an incredible spectacle of how its waters would easily splash on the surface of the planet... more detailed
Rings and moons of Saturn: Titan, Enceladus and others ...
There are characteristic rings not only on the planet Saturn, but also on other giant planets.
The rings around Saturn are especially clearly visible, because they consist of billions of small particles that revolve around the planet, in addition to
Saturn has 18 moons, one of which is Titan, its diameter is 5000 km, which makes it the largest satellite of the Solar system... more detailed
Uranus This unusual planet is visible to the observer in blue and green colors due to the absorption of the infrared spectrum by hydrogen and methane.
On the surface of Uranus, winds are raging at a huge speed of up to 600 km/h, moving along the course of the planet's rotation.
The uniqueness of Uranus is that its axis of rotation is strongly inclined, almost parallel to the plane of the ecliptic, so from the Earth the poles of the planet can be seen only half and then only for 42 years.
So far, the only theory of this phenomenon is this perhaps in the history of the planet there was a collision with some large celestial body... more detailed
Uranus ' rings and moons: Titania, Oberon and others ...
The planet Uranus has 17 satellites and, like other giant planets, thin rings encircling the planet that practically have no ability to reflect light, so they were discovered not so long ago in 1977 by accident... more detailed
Neptune This planet, like Uranus, consists of gas, the main composition of which includes water, methane and ammonia.
Precisely, from the high concentration of methane in the atmosphere, the planet acquired a blue color.
Above the surface of Neptune, clouds of ammonia and water stretch, and above them a dense layer of methane clouds, in addition, hydrogen and helium are present in the planet's atmosphere.
The atmosphere itself has increased activity, where powerful winds blow at a speed of over 2000 km/h, forming huge spots the size of our planet... more detailed
Rings and moons of Neptune: Triton, Nereid and others ...
Initially, before the exploration of Neptune by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, it was known about two satellites of the planet Triton and Nerida.
An interesting fact is that the satellite Triton has the opposite direction of orbital motion, also strange volcanoes were discovered on the satellite, which spewed nitrogen gas like geysers, spreading a dark colored mass (from a liquid state to steam) for many kilometers into the atmosphere.
During its mission, Voyager 2 discovered six more moons of the planet Neptune... more detailed
Space objects of the Solar system Comets Rushing at great speed and traveling along huge orbits laid out in the universe, comets, as these celestial bodies are called, consist of a bright glowing head and an incredibly long (up to 100 million km) tail plume.
These solitary wanderers can move away for a long time outside the Solar System and, returning, rush closer to our planet, moving overcoming the gigantic distances of their orbit... more detailed
Asteroids are Like planets, only very small in size, asteroids revolve around the Sun, they have a rocky surface structure and some characteristics are similar to small planets, so they are sometimes called "small planets".
The largest cluster of asteroids is located between Mars and Jupiter, this zone is called the "asteroid belt".
Asteroids have a variety of sizes: small ones from a few tens of centimeters in diameter, like a kitchen saucepan, and large ones with a diameter of up to 250 km or more.
Thus, the largest known asteroid Ceres has a diameter of 1000 km... more detailed
Meteorites Shooting stars - this is the name of a meteor shower that occurs every year in early August and at other intervals throughout the year.
Sometimes" shooting stars " meteorites can be seen with the naked eye, they flash like a spark that struck the blue of the night sky for a fraction of seconds.
These are small particles of cosmic dust that fall to the Earth and, evaporating in the dense layers of the atmosphere, leave a short bright trace on the starry sky... more detailed
Distant objects of the Solar system Pluto This ice planet, the most distant in the Solar System, could belong to the terrestrial group of planets by its characteristics, but since 2006, according to the decision of the IAU, Pluto has been classified as or to the dwarf planets along with Eris and Ceres.
Pluto has a rocky core with a possible ice content, an icy mantle and a crust that forms the surface of the planet.
Most likely, there is a thick mass of ice over 200 km thick under the upper layer, so the planet consists mainly of water and methane components... more detailed
Pluto's moons: Charon, Hydra, Necta and others...
At the moment, the planet Pluto has about 5 satellites.
These are the large satellite Charon, 2 small satellites Hydra and Nikta, and 2 more small satellites P4 and P5.
Pluto's moon Charon is unique in that it has a very small size in comparison with the satellites of other planets.
It is located very close to the planet and makes a revolution around Pluto with the same speed of the planet's rotation around its axis, so this satellite is always at the same point above the planet... more detailed
The Edgeworth Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud Beyond the boundaries of the orbit of Neptune are distant objects of the Solar System that have received the wording "trans Neptunian objects", including objects of the Kuiper belt, small bodies, dwarf planets, for example, the Pluto Charon system, the dwarf planet Eris and other objects, most often consisting of ice.
Even further away is the scattered disk, where objects are strongly scattered, and even further away at a distance of almost 1 light year is the Oort cloud, which is probably the building material for the formation of comets... more detailed
Dwarf planets of the Solar system In our Solar system there is a place not only for eight planets, there are many more such planets.
Being beyond the region of the orbit of Neptune, such
heavenly
objects
they are moving
by
huge
orbits,
that
approaching, then moving away from the Sun by huge astronomical magnitudes, some making a revolution around the Sun for more than 4,000 years.
These are dwarf planets, many of which are now well known, but there may be many more such dwarf planets... more detailed
Planets in other solar systems Planets of other solar systems Far away at a distance of many light years from our Sun shine other stars that form their own planetary systems.
Such planets are called "exoplanets" and they also have their own stars, around which their orbits pass.
Modern technologies allow us to detect all new planets and entire planetary systems belonging to their star.
In the Milky Way galaxy alone, there may be over 100 billion such planets, up to 20 billion planets may have surface properties similar to those of Earth, and some of them may even have life...more detailed
Dima comments on April 13, 2015 19: 45
nekit 1635 April 15, 2015-13: 35
zoya April 15, 2015 16: 38
oksana April 18, 2015 09: 53
Thank you very much, good material and with photos.
to answer
plus sign and then they got it or they spread what I want
reply Whoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
to answer
answer the question.
the little mermaid and the satellite of the giant of the solar system?
to answer
Arseniy
a very good website a friend asked me to make a presentation because she does not have
April 22, 2015 02: 41
computer and your site saved me from a difficult situation, I wish you prosperity.
Victoria
please answer, tell me the planets of the solar system in order.
May 29, 2015-19: 29
to answer
Editorial Office
Victoria.
What you see here on this page, the planets are located by
May 29, 2015-23: 13
order from the sun
DIMA
reply THANK YOU VERY COOL SITE
May 31, 2015 09: 34
to answer
Guest
Cool!!It helped me at school.
Thanks!!!
September 3, 2015 21: 21
to answer
guest
I really liked it, it will definitely come in handy in life!
September 11, 2015 12: 21
to answer
Guest
cool
October 1, 2015 09: 18
to answer
Jeanne
It was very useful!!!!
Well done to the one who came up with such an interesting article and
November 15, 2015 17: 10
I spent a lot of time on it!!!
Bravo!!!!
to answer
Eugenia
Wow!
in the lessons, it was useful to put 5 thank you thank you
December 21, 2015 17: 09
thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Marina
Thank you, I liked it,I've already graduated from school,I'm just interested in reading about space.
to answer
January 29, 2016 22: 33
to answer
Artem
HI I'M ARTEM AND IT'S COOL BECAUSE I'M A SCIENTIST
February 6, 2016 11:15 am
to answer
Aksana Bitner
COOL
February 6, 2016 11:16 am
Alexey
reply thank you very much
March 4, 2016 15: 26
to answer
Nastya
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto the last planet
March 16, 2016 15: 17
but now it is dwarfed
to answer
goshankrut228
the coolest site really helped out with dwarf planets planets
March 28, 2016 18: 31
giants and with a solar system can not even describe my delight
adela 29 march, 2016 15: 34
nata April 7, 2016 14: 03
I get goosebumps when you read all this.
Very interesting.
to answer
Thanks.
It helped a lot when preparing a project about space in 3 cl.
to answer
Natalya
All our lives we were taught that there are 9 planets in the Solar system,and now there are
May 19, 2016 16: 34
8,in 30 years it will turn out to be 11, a madhouse.
Editorial Office
to answer
May 19, 2016-23: 56
No.
Not a madhouse.
The fact is that according to its characteristics, the former 9th planet Pluto cannot be a planet, but only a mini planet, the correct wording is a Dwarf planet.
Therefore, the status of the planet was taken away from Pluto.
Over the past two decades, not one, and not two, but many small mini planets have been discovered in the far corners of the Solar System, and there are even more in the Oort Cloud, and it is implied that there may be dozens, hundreds of celestial bodies that have not been discovered, all then, what?
Therefore, to claim the title of planets.
Then we would have not 9, not 11 planets in the Solar system, but dozens, hundreds of planets.
to answer
Alexander 2 November, 2016-20: 39
I donot see anything wrong with the fact that there are actually dozens, hundreds of planets!
to answer
Natalya
Thank you,this information is just for a schoolboy.
Clearly stated about Pluto, science does not
November 16, 2016 21: 01
it stands still, so it seems, they once said.
Rose December 6, 2016 16: 30
Guest
I really liked the answer.
And although there is no.
I donot like
to answer
What are the dimensions of the solar system compared to the world of the universe
December 8, 2016 20: 29
to answer
Alena
Thank you very much, and then it was necessary to make a presentation on geography, in short
December 18, 2016 14: 49
cool website
Vlad
to answer
1 to infinity, because the universe is growing with every second
January 24, 2017 17: 51
to answer
Olga
everything is written in great detail.
Thank you very much for helping.
January 27, 2017 14: 32
kerya 30 January, 2017 20: 22
to answer
thank you very good reports very useful I am very grateful to you
to answer
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