MOSCOW 23-25 November 2016
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About Moscow
Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, a city of federal significance.
The historical capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Kingdom, the Russian Empire (in 1728-1730), Soviet Russia and the USSR.
Hero city.
Moscow is home to the federal state authorities of the Russian Federation (with the exception of the Constitutional Court), embassies of foreign states, and the headquarters of most of the largest Russian commercial organizations and public associations.
POPULATION
The largest city in Russia by population and its subject — 12,325,387 people (2016), the most populous of the cities located entirely in Europe, is among the top ten cities in the world by population.
geographical location
Moscow is located on the Moscow River in the center of the East European Plain, in the interfluve of the Oka and Volga rivers.
As a federal subject, Moscow borders on the Moscow and Kaluga regions.
The territory of the city after the change of city borders in 2012 is 2550 km2.
A third (870 km2) is located inside the ring highway (MKAD), the remaining 1691.5 km2 is beyond it.
government agencies
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Moscow is an independent subject of the federation, the so called city of federal significance.
Executive power in Moscow is exercised by the Moscow Government headed by the Mayor, legislative power is exercised by the Moscow City Duma, consisting of 35 deputies, 18 of whom have been elected according to the party system since 2009, 17 — according to the majority system.
The last direct mayoral elections were held on December 7, 2003.
On June 27, 2012, the Moscow City Duma adopted a law according to which the mayor of the city is again elected by direct secret ballot.
Local administration is carried out through ten prefectures that unite the districts of Moscow into administrative districts on a territorial basis, and 125 district administrations.
According to the law "On the Organization of Local Self — Government in the City of Moscow", since the beginning of 2003, the executive bodies of local self government are municipalities, the representative bodies are municipal assemblies, whose members are elected in accordance with the Charter of the inner city municipality.
The principles of functioning of the legislative and executive authorities of Moscow, as well as local self government bodies in the city are determined by the Charter of the city of Moscow and other normative acts of the city.
As a city endowed with capital functions by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the legislative, executive and judicial federal authorities of the country are located in Moscow, with the exception of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which has been located in St. Petersburg since 2008.
The Government of the Russian Federation, the executive authority, is located in the Government House of the Russian Federation on Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment in the center of Moscow.
The State Duma meets on Okhotny Ryad.
The Federation Council is located in a building on Bolshaya Dmitrovka.
The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation are also located in Moscow.
In addition, the Moscow Kremlin is the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
The working residence of the president in the Kremlin is located in the Senate building.
administrative and territorial division
Administrative districts of Moscow:
1. The Central Administrative District
2.
Northern Administrative District
3.
North Eastern Administrative District
4.
Eastern Administrative District
5.
South Eastern Administrative District
6.
Southern Administrative District
7.
South Western Administrative District
8.
Western Administrative District
9.
North Western Administrative District
10.
Zelenograd administrative district
11.
Novomoskovsky administrative district
12.
Troitsky administrative district
In turn, the districts of Moscow (except Novomoskovsky and Troitsky) are divided into districts, there are 125 districts in total in Moscow.
Districts are managed by district prefectures, and districts are managed by district councils.
Since the 90s of the XX century, the project of uniting Moscow and the Moscow region was actively discussed, in the summer of 2011 there was a project to expand the territory of Moscow and decentralize it by joining the south western territories, this project (the so called "New Moscow" or "Greater Moscow") was implemented in the summer of 2012.
Economy
Moscow is the largest financial center on a nationwide scale, an international business center and a control center for a large part of the country's economy.
For example, about half of the banks registered in Russia are concentrated in Moscow.
In addition, most of the largest companies are registered and have their central offices in Moscow, although their production may be located thousands of kilometers away from it.
According to the data for 2008, by the volume of GDP ($321 billion) Moscow was on the 15th place among the largest cities in the world.
the science
Moscow is a major world scientific center, represented by research institutes working in many industries, such as nuclear energy, microelectronics, cosmonautics and others.
In Soviet times, an academic network began to focus in Moscow.
The following were created or transferred to Moscow: the All Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after Lenin (1929), the Academy of Sciences of the USSR — the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences (transferred from Leningrad in 1934), the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944), the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR (1943).
education
Moscow is one of the most important educational centers in Russia.
Since the establishment of the first higher educational institution of the country — the Slavic Greek Latin Academy — a significant number of educational facilities have been concentrated in the city.
In 1755, on the initiative of Shuvalov and Lomonosov, Moscow University was founded — the oldest and most famous in Russia.
As of the end of 2009, there were 264 higher educational institutions in Moscow, including 109 state or municipal and 155 non state ones.
The number of students was 1281.1 thousand people.
11 Moscow universities have the status of National Research Universities.
healthcare
Moscow is a huge city where millions of people use public transport every day, which affects the spread of infectious diseases.
There are 1,857 hospital and outpatient polyclinic institutions in Moscow.
Of these, more than 250 clinical hospitals and emergency hospitals operate in the city.
In addition, there is an extensive network of outpatient clinics in Moscow, of which there are more than 1,600, including 256 children's ones.
There are also 64 dental clinics, 19 maternity hospitals, and about 20 children's homes in the city.
According to official data for 2013, the average life expectancy of Muscovites is 75.8 years.
architecture
Moscow is an important tourist center, attracting guests with preserved monuments of Russian architecture (a number of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List), developing modern entertainment infrastructure.
The city has a fairly large and developing chain of hotels and hotels, major global hotel brands are represented.
One of the most important shopping streets in Moscow — Tverskaya runs from Manezhnaya Square through the Tverskoy district, crosses the Boulevard Ring near Pushkin Square and ends at Triumfalnaya Square.
Its continuation — 1st Tverskaya Yamskaya Street turns into Leningradsky Prospekt near the Belorussky railway station.
The Theater Passage adjacent to Tverskaya in the Kitay Gorod district is the location of a large number of boutiques.
Tverskaya is one of the most expensive shopping streets not only in Moscow and Russia, but also around the world.
It is also a center of nightlife and entertainment.
The historical center of Moscow is the Moscow Kremlin.
The walls and towers of the fortress acquired their current appearance in the XVII century.
Nowadays, the Kremlin serves as the residence of the President of Russia, there are numerous temples and museums on its territory, the ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Visiting the Kremlin is limited to museum zones.
On the eastern side, the Kremlin is adjacent to the most famous square of the capital — Red Square.
It is surrounded by the Pokrovsky Cathedral, the Middle Shopping malls, the GUM building, the Cathedral of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, the Resurrection Gate leading to Manezh Square, the Historical Museum.
The square is adjacent to Nikolskaya, Senatskaya and the most famous — the Spasskaya Tower with chimes.
A necropolis (memorial cemetery) and Lenin's mausoleum were erected near the Kremlin wall.
Also on the territory of the square there is a Frontal place and a monument to Minin and Pozharsky.
With the exception of special cases (the passage of motorcades of high ranking officials through the Spassky Gate, preparations for holding solemn events, preventive work, etc.), the square is accessible around the clock for residents and guests of the capital.
Next to the Kremlin, in the Alexander Garden, at the Grave of the Unknown Soldier, there is a Post No. 1 of the Guard of Honor — the main guard post of the country.
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