* Isaac Newton biography.
*  *(1643 – 1727)*
Isaac Newton, the future great mathematician and physicist, was born a frail child.
At birth, he had such a nondescript appearance that others thought that he would last only a few hours.
Two women who had been sent to the city for medicines were in no hurry to return, believing that the newborn would not be alive until they came back.
What was their surprise when, upon returning, they saw the child alive and making impressive screams!
Thanks to his mother's care, little Newton began to recover noticeably and grow slightly.
Indeed, as his mother believed, the rural air, village games and fun had a beneficial effect on strengthening Newton's body.
As a child, he received a good physical training.
Looking ahead, it must be said that, having been born a weak child, Newton lived to a very old age (he died 85 years old).
He did not know glasses and in his whole life he did not lose a single tooth.
He died of a stone disease, the signs of which he discovered three weeks before his death.
While raising her child, the mother thought more about his physical health than about his mental development.
At the age of 12, she gave the child to a private city school (boarding school) As a Clark - Grantham apothecary, Newton did not show much love for science and studied rather mediocre.
The turning point in my studies for the better occurred at the end of my two year stay at the boarding school.
This was facilitated by the following curious case.
One day during recess, one of the students hit Newton on the stomach.
The blow was so strong that Newton almost lost consciousness, the offended Newton thought for a long time and finally found a very original way of revenge.
His enemy surpassed Newton not only in physical strength, he was the first student of the class.
And so, for the sake of revenge, Newton decided to immediately start studying well, overtake his rival in studies and, becoming the first student of the class, take away the palm from him forever.
Newton carried out his plan as well as possible.
It turns out that he had exceptional abilities.
He easily became the first student in the class and was mentally superior to all his comrades by a whole head.
In the future, no one could compete with him in terms of academic performance.
It took only a few months, and the teacher was already publicly praising young Newton in front of all the students, as an exemplary student, from whom everyone should take an example.
In order to somehow introduce the young Newton to the economy, she sent him with an old employee to the city to the bazaar.
I had to sell some of the products, buy something for my needs.
But even to these assignments, Newton was indifferent.
Before reaching the city, he asked the worker to do what his mother ordered, and he himself, having got a book in advance, sat down by the road under a tree or under the first fence he came across and began to read.
Reading was a passion for him at that time.
On the way back, the employee picked up the young man and brought him home as if nothing had happened.
In the hours of rest between reading books, Newton found time for his innocent amusements.
When he was alone, he liked to make something.
Once he made a water clock, another time he designed a very original windmill.
In this last model, a mouse was planted, which served as a miller.
One night, Newton launched a snake of his own making, equipped with glowing lanterns.
The inhabitants of the neighboring villages, not knowing what the matter was, thought and wondered what it could be, and decided that it was probably comets.
Having discovered in the young man a great talent for science, his uncle immediately appealed to his mother with a request to send the young Newton back to Grantham School so that, after graduating from it, he could go to university.
"At the age of seventeen, Newton entered the University of Cambridge to study.
Here he eagerly studied the works of ancient scientists, in particular the" Beginnings " of Euclid.
Then he moved on to study the research of the largest scientists of modern times.
His attention was attracted by the geometry of Descartes, the arithmetic of Wallis and the mathematical writings of Kepler.
His reading of these treatises was not mechanical.
He assimilated them critically, deeply comprehending what he read.
As a rule, he opposed his point of view to what he read and brought the author's unfinished thoughts to the "logical end".
Even as a student, Newton proved himself to be an inquisitive, persistent and persistent researcher.
So, as a student, Newton proved the binomial theorem.
Since then, the binomial formula has been called the "Newton binomial".
As a student, he came close to the problem of universal gravity.
Later, he devoted an entire treatise "Principles of Natural Philosophy"to this problem.
This major work made the author famous all over the world and made him "the greatest of the great" scientists.
He graduated from Newton University with a master's degree.
Newton made a remarkable contribution not only to mathematics, but also to physics and astronomy.
Despite his great services to science, Newton was a surprisingly modest man.
About himself, he said: "I donot know how I seem to people.
To myself, I feel like a child who plays on the seashore and rejoices when he manages to find a smooth pebble or a beautiful shell of an unusual appearance, while the vast ocean of truths lies unexplored before me."
According to the description of those who knew him, Newton was a man of medium height, very solid fullness.
According to the tradition of that time, he covered his head with a wig.
Immersed in deep thoughts, he often did not notice others and was very absent minded.
Newton led a solitary life.
Immersed in deep thoughts, he often did not notice others and was very absent minded.
Sometimes in the morning, getting out of bed, he would suddenly think and in this position, as if enchanted, he could sit for long hours until someone brought him out of this state.
Carried away by work, he completely forgot about food.
When friends, admiring his genius, asked Newton how he discovered the laws of gravity, he replied: "By constantly thinking about them."
At the same time, he explained his method of research as follows: "I constantly pay attention to the subject of my research and wait until the matter begins to slowly become clear, little by little, until it becomes completely and completely clear."
Newton lived his life as a bachelor.
Biographers believe that he had no time to think about getting married.
Newton's astronomical discoveries dealt a crushing blow to the authority of the church and revealed the complete inconsistency of church dogmas.
In his major work "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" (1687), he proved that the movement of celestial bodies occurs strictly according to the law of universal gravitation, which has a universal (universal) character.
In the light of the law of universal gravitation, it sounds like a fairy tale, for example, the statement of the Bible that Joshua allegedly stopped the Sun for a while in order to finish the battle with the Ammonites in daylight.
The law of universal gravitation, equally valid on Earth and in heaven, put an end to religious fables about the fundamental difference between "heavenly" and"earthly".
Religious myths about Christ walking on the surface of water, about his ascension "in the flesh" and other absurdities do not agree with Newton's conclusions in any way.
The "Principles of Natural Philosophy" completely debunked geocentrism as a support of the religious worldview.
However, Newton himself was not an atheist.
Likening the Universe to a large "clockwork mechanism", he came to the conclusion that this mechanism was once and for all started by" God "and he also gave the" first push", as a result of which the mechanism" worked " and only after that all the celestial bodies came into perpetual motion.
Even during his lifetime, Newton tasted the sweetness of the greatest glory.
He was an honorary member of many scientific societies and academies.
For the last 23 years of his life, he was president of the Royal Society of London.
Queen Anne granted him the title of knight and raised him to the dignity of a noble.
The whole world worshipped his genius.
It seemed that there was nothing left for Newton to wish for.
"He was in such high esteem," says Fontenelle— " that death could not bring him new honors, he reached his apotheosis."
Newton is buried in the English national pantheon in Westminster Abbey, the resting place of all the great people of England.
At his burial, he was given honors that were usually paid only to members of the royal court.
On the grave monument there is a Latin inscription that reads: "Here lies Sir Isaac Newton, who, with the almost divine power of his mind, for the first time explained with the help of his mathematical method the movements and shapes of the planets, the paths of comets, the tides of the ocean.
He was the first to investigate the diversity of light rays and the resulting features of flowers, which no one had previously suspected...
Let mortals rejoice that such an ornament of the human race lived in their midst."
In Cambridge, according to legend, the room in which Newton lived is known.
In the same city, at Trinity College, they show Newton's globe, a sundial made by him, a compass and a lock of his silver hair, which is stored under a glass cap.
