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The political history of France of the XX century Textbook CHAPTER I. FRANCE AT the BEGINNING of the XX CENTURY The political system and political associations Economic development The Colonial Empire Internal politics France in the system of international relations France in the First World War France after the First World War CHAPTER II.
FRANCE IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD The National Bloc in power The rule of the Left bloc of the Government of "National Unity" "Second edition" of the Left bloc The Second Coalition of "National Unity" Popular Front France on the eve of World War II CHAPTER III.
FRANCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR The beginning of the war The Surrender of France and the Vichy regime "Free France" Resistance Movement French National Liberation Committee CHAPTER IV.
The PROVISIONAL REGIME The revival of the political life of the country The activities of the Provisional Government Political development CHAPTER V.
The FOURTH REPUBLIC The rule of the coalition of the "Third Force" The center right bloc The Republican Front The Crisis of the Fourth Republic CHAPTER VI.
THE FIFTH REPUBLIC The Presidency of Charles de Gaulle The Presidency of Georges Pompidou The Presidency of Valery Giscard d'Estaing CHAPTER VII.
FRANCE AT THE END OF THE XX CENTURY The First presidency OF Francois Mitterrand The second presidency of Francois Mitterrand The First Presidency OF Jacques Chirac LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX PRESIDENTS AND GOVERNMENTS OF FRANCE (1899-2002) THIRD REPUBLIC VICHY REGIME PROVISIONAL REGIME FOURTH REPUBLIC FIFTH REPUBLIC REFERENCES
The political history of France of the XX century Textbook CHAPTER I. FRANCE AT the BEGINNING of the XX CENTURY The political system and political associations Economic development The Colonial Empire Internal politics France in the system of international relations France in the First World War France after the First World War CHAPTER II.
FRANCE IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD The National Bloc in power The rule of the Left bloc of the Government of "National Unity" "Second edition" of the Left bloc The Second Coalition of "National Unity" Popular Front France on the eve of World War II CHAPTER III.
FRANCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR The beginning of the war The Surrender of France and the Vichy regime "Free France" Resistance Movement French National Liberation Committee CHAPTER IV.
The PROVISIONAL REGIME The revival of the political life of the country The activities of the Provisional Government Political development CHAPTER V.
The FOURTH REPUBLIC The rule of the coalition of the "Third Force" The center right bloc The Republican Front The Crisis of the Fourth Republic CHAPTER VI.
THE FIFTH REPUBLIC The Presidency of Charles de Gaulle The Presidency of Georges Pompidou The Presidency of Valery Giscard d'Estaing CHAPTER VII.
FRANCE AT THE END OF THE XX CENTURY The First presidency OF Francois Mitterrand The Second presidency of Francois Mitterrand The First Presidency OF Jacques Chirac LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX PRESIDENTS AND GOVERNMENTS OF FRANCE (1899-2002) THIRD REPUBLIC VICHY REGIME PROVISIONAL REGIME FOURTH REPUBLIC FIFTH REPUBLIC REFERENCES
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The political history of France of the XX century Marina Arzakanyan.
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The great de Gaulle.
France is me!
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The political history of France of the XX century
(the first cabinet June 1997 October 2000; the second cabinet October 2000 May 2002) undertook, first of all, to solve socio economic problems.
He declared the fight against unemployment as a priority direction of his policy.
In this regard, the Prime Minister began to implement a gradual transfer of workers from a 39 hour to a 35 hour working week without reducing pay.
In this way, he hoped to create new jobs.
The Cabinet did not suspend the privatization process initiated by the right wing Juppe government.
The country's largest insurance company, Gan, has moved to the private sector.
The tax situation has changed somewhat.
The tax on large profits of enterprises was increased.
At the same time, low paid categories of the population received various tax benefits.
The minimum wage (SMIC) has increased.
Initially, government measures led to positive results.
The unemployment rate has decreased.
Inflation did not exceed 1% per year.
The economic development of France has accelerated.
The budget deficit was brought to 3% of gross domestic product, as required by the European Union.
In the early 2000s, the situation changed for the worse again.
Economic growth has stalled.
Unemployment began to increase again.
During the reign of Jospin, a number of other important events were held.
The Government has made the law on citizenship and immigration more liberal.
It also resolved the issue of the gradual transition to independence of the Pacific possession of France, New Caledonia.
Jospin's cabinet granted limited autonomy to Corsica.
In September 2000, the French approved the most important amendment to the constitution — on reducing the term of office of the president from seven to five years in a general referendum by a majority of 73% of votes.
Foreign policy.
Chirac's first important international action was the resumption of French underground nuclear tests on the Mururoa atoll in the Pacific Ocean in the summer of 1995.
Despite the protests of the states of the Pacific region and the world community, the French president said that his country should complete a series of works on the modernization of atomic weapons, for which it needs to conduct several more experimental explosions.
In early 1996, Chirac announced the end of the tests.
In the second half of the 90s, the rapprochement of France with the United States continued.
In fact, the process of integrating the country's military forces into NATO structures has begun.
France participated in the military operation of the North Atlantic Bloc states in Kosovo in 1999, fully supported the US military presence in Afghanistan in 2001-2002.
France continued to be an active actor in the process of European integration.
Together with other countries of the European Union, it signed the Amsterdam Treaty in October 1997, supplementing the Maastricht Treaty.
It provided for the expansion of the powers and strengthening of the role of the European Parliament and the further development of cooperation between the EU member states in the foreign, defense and criminal law fields.
Since January 1, 2002, twelve of the fifteen countries of the European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria and Finland) have switched to the single European currency — the euro.
At the end of 2001, the Convention was formed within the EU a new body formed of representatives of the governments and parliaments of the 15 EU members, as well as deputies of the European Parliament.
It was designed to develop the concept of the enlargement of the European Union and its further strategy and tactics.
The former President of France, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, became the Chairman of the Convention.
Germany continued to be the main partner of France in Europe at the end of the XX — beginning of the XXI century.
The leaders of the two countries, President Jacques Chirac and Chancellors Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schroeder, constantly met to discuss the most important issues of world politics.
In December 1996, both sides signed an agreement on Franco German cooperation.
President Chirac spoke in favor of strengthening French Russian ties and called France and Russia "privileged partners".
During his presidency, Chirac visited Moscow seven times and discussed with Russian Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin the main directions of bilateral cooperation.
Boris Yeltsin visited Paris in January 1996, Vladimir Putin in October 2000.
Presidential and parliamentary elections of 2002 As the elections approached, the political situation in the country became tense.
Already in 2001, it was quite obvious that the main struggle for the presidency should unfold between Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin.
Therefore ,the "coexistence" of the right wing president and the left wing prime minister gradually turned into a confrontation between the two leaders and often resulted in mutual attacks.
A total of sixteen people have put forward their candidacies in the presidential elections.
Nevertheless, in general, the campaign was characterized by the sluggishness and passivity of almost all candidates, including the main ones.
Chirac, undoubtedly, headed the list of right wing candidates.
He fought under the slogan "France as a whole", sought to present himself as looking after the interests of all French people and emphasized the achievements of his country in the international arena during his own
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