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The Saga
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The title page of the first printed edition of the Book on the Occupation of the Land, 1688
The "Saga" request is redirected here; see also other values.
Saga (from ancient Skand. saga "story", "tale") — the concept of summarizing a narrative literary works, written in Iceland in the XIII—XIV centuries on the old Icelandic language, which tells about the history and life of the Nordic peoples in the period, mostly at 930 1030 years, the so called "age of the sagas".
In a metaphorical sense (and sometimes ironically), a saga is also called literary works of other styles and eras (including modern ones) or life stories in general that have something in common with Old Icelandic sagas: usually it is some epic style or content and/or relation to family stories of several generations.
Some authors include the word "saga" in the title of their works[1].
The name saga probably comes from the Icelandic verb segja to speak, and means both an oral narrative and a written one.
Initially, the Icelanders used the term "saga" in relation to any prose narrative, but now it unites a set of literary monuments recorded at a specified time.
Content
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1 The Canon (principle) of the saga 2 Varieties of sagas 3 Notes 4 Literature 5 References
The canon (principle) of the saga[edit / edit wiki text]
The saga always begins with the presentation of the actors, the description of their pedigree.
At the same time, the standard beginning is used: "There was a man named..., he was a son....
He was married to..., their children were called...".
All more or less significant actors are characterized in this way.
Sometimes the story begins several generations before the appearance of the main character (s), going back to the time of the settlement of Iceland and the emergence of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula.
In general, sagas are characterized by a very large number of actors, sometimes up to a hundred or more.
Then the story goes on to the main events the feuds (in the ancestral sagas), the rule (in the royal sagas), which are also described in full detail, up to the indication of who inflicted whom and what wound in battle and what compensation was paid for it.
Other monuments are often quoted verbatim — for example ,the "Book on the Settlement of the Earth" or the texts of Old Norse laws.
The chronology is always quite clearly maintained — it is precisely indicated how many years have passed since this or that event.
The relations of the sexes in the sagas are never described in the way that is customary in the literature of modern times.
Everything that happens between the spouses is mentioned only insofar as it is relevant to the plot.
About the love affair between a man and a woman who are not married, in general, it is said only by hints.
Often in sagas there is also a fantastic element episodes with ghosts, the undead, various signs, etc.
A fairly common motif in ancestral sagas is the victory of the main character over the Viking berserk during his stay in Scandinavia.
Varieties of sagas[edit / edit wiki text]
The corpus of texts known to us as sagas is traditionally divided into several cycles, in accordance with the generalizing theme of the works and the time of action: "Sagas of Ancient Times" are sagas that tell about the legendary history of Scandinavia, based on myths and heroic legends common to all Germanic peoples and containing a number of fairy tale motifs.
The most famous of these sagas are the "Saga of the Velsungs", "The Saga of Hrolv Zherdinka and his knights", some researchers refer the "Saga of the Inglings" to the sagas of ancient times.
"False sagas" (lygisögur) — a kind of"Sagas about ancient times".
Apparently, such sagas are not based on an ancient oral tradition, but fairy tale motifs prevail in them[2].
"Sagas about kings — - sagas describing the history of Norway, since there was no monarchical power in Iceland.
This category includes both individual sagas about the Norwegian kings, such as, for example, "The Saga of Hakon Hakonarson" or "The Saga of Olav Tryggvason", and consolidated works, the characteristic and most famous example of which is "Heimskringla" ("The Circle of the Earth") Snorri Sturluson.
There is also an Icelandic saga about the kings of Denmark — the "Knutling Saga".
"Sagas about Icelanders" or "Ancestral sagas" are sagas that tell about the life of Icelanders, their history, the relationships of their families in the so called "age of sagas" - in the period from the X to the XI centuries (930-1030).
This category includes the most famous sagas, such as" The Saga of Egil "(Egils saga Skallagrímssonar)," The Saga of Njal " (Njáls saga) — the peaks of the Icelandic epic, one of the first and largest written monuments of Northern European literature.
Also: "The Saga of the named Brothers" (FóstbrðÐra saga), "The Saga of the Battle on the Wasteland" (Heiðarvíga saga), "The Saga of the people from the Salmon Valley" (Laxdæla saga), "The Saga of Gisli" (Gísla saga Súrssonar), "The Saga of Gunnlaug the Snake Tongue" (Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu), "The Saga of Grettire", "The Saga of the sons of Droplaug", "The Saga of the Greenlanders" (GrœNlendinga saga), etc.
"Sagas about recent events" (sarntidssagaer) - sagas that tell about Icelanders and their tribal feuds in the recent past, mainly in the era of the Sturlungs.
Most of them are collected in a compilation called "The Saga of the Sturlungs".
"Sagas about Bishops" — sagas that tell the history of the Catholic Church in Iceland.
These sagas contain a large amount of historically reliable material about the deeds of the Icelandic bishops in the period from 1000 to 1340..
"Translated sagas" are works containing retellings of classical plots and historical events, such as" The World Saga"," The Saga of the Romans"," The Saga of the Jews"," The Saga of the Trojans","The Saga of Alexander".
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
например for example: Galsworthy "The Saga of the Forsytes", Lois McMaster Bujold "The Saga of the Vorkosigans".
↑ M. I. Steblin Kamensky.
From the saga to the novel.
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Icelandic Sagas / Edited by M. I. Steblin Kamensky — - M., 1956.
Steblin Kamensky M. I.
The World of the saga / Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
- L.: Nauka.
Leningr.
publishing house, 1971.
- 140 p — - 12,000 copies. (region)
Texts of sagas Gurevich A. "History and saga"
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Philologist and historian Fyodor Uspensky about the ancient Norman customs and their reflection in the sagas.
Project Science 2.0 (retelling of the issue)
[hide] Scandinavian sagas
see Geography of sagas, Scandinavian strands
Royal sagas Sagas about Pososhniki · The Saga of the Faroese · The Saga of the Jomsvikings · The Saga of Sverrir · The Hakon Hakonarson Saga · The saga of Olav Tryggvason · Heimskringla * The Saga of Ting · The Saga of the Knutlings The Sagas of the Icelanders
The Saga of the Chicken Torir · The saga of Eric the Red · The Saga of the Greenlanders · The Saga of Helgi Skald[show]
Sagas of the Gorodishchensk Fjord: The Saga of Egil the son of Skallagrim · The saga of Gunnlaug the Snake Tongue · The saga of the people from the Cave · The saga of Helgi the son of Hallvard
The Sagas of the Wide Fjord: The Saga of the people of the Salmon Valley · The Saga of the Golden Torir · The Saga of the Cunning Roar · The saga of Atli the son of Otryugg · The saga of Asmund the son of Atli
Sagas of the Western Fjords: The saga of Gisli the son of Sour · The saga of Havard of the Ice Fjord · The saga of the named Brothers
Sagas of the Island and Cape Fjords: The Saga of the Killer Glum · The saga of the people from Svarvadardal · The Saga of the Lion from the Fields · The saga of Tyostolva the Werewolf
Sagas of the Eastern Fjords: The Saga of Thorstein the White · The Saga of the People from the Armory Fjord · The Saga of Hrafnkel · The saga of the sons of Droplaug · The Saga of the people from Flotsdal · The Saga of Thorstein the Son of Hall from the Coast · The Strand of Thorstein the Son of Hall from the Coast · The Dream of Thorstein the Son of Hall from the Coast · The Saga of Gunnar Durn from the Swamp Top
The Sagas of Bear Lake: The Saga of Grettir the son of Asmund · The Saga of Cormac · The Saga of Tord the Scarecrow · The saga of the people of the Lake Valley · The Saga of Hallfred the Difficult Skald · The saga of the Battle of the Wasteland · The Saga of the Allies
Sagas of the Ting Spit: The saga of the people from the Bright Lake · The saga of the people from the Valley of Smoke and Scoot the Killer · The Saga of Finnbogi the Strong · The Dream of the Star Oddie · The Saga of Keep the Ring
Sagas of the Crooked River Valley: The Saga of Nyala · The Saga of Thorir of the Grove
The Snow Mountain Sagas: The Saga of the People from the Sandy Shore · The Life of Snorri Godi · The saga of Bjorn the Fighter from the Heath River · The saga of the Bard Ace of the Snowy Mountain · The Viglund Saga · The Saga of the Illugi Killer Tegld
Sagas of the River and Keel Capes: Flóamanna saga · The saga of Heard and the Islanders · The saga of the people from Keel Point
Legendary sagas
The Saga of the Velsungs · The saga of Herver and Heidrek · The saga of the Furry Cheeks Makeup · The saga of Ingvar the Traveler[show]
The Saga of Ragnar Leatherpants and his sons · The Saga of Ketil Salmon · The Saga of Odd the Arrow · The saga of An Archer * The saga of Hrolv Zherdinka and his warriors · An excerpt from the saga of several ancient kings in Denmark and Sweden · About Fornot and his kind · About the kings of Uppland · The Saga of Halva and the warriors of Halva · The saga of Thorstein the son of a Viking · The Saga of Fridtjov the Bold · The saga of Hromund the son of Grip · The Saga of Asmund the Warrior Killer · The Saga of Sturlaug the Industrious · The Saga of Hrolv the Pedestrian · The saga of Bosi and Herraud · The Gautrek Saga · The saga of Hrolv the son of Gautrek · The saga of Egil the One Armed and
Asmund the Berserker Killer · The Saga of Serli the Strong · The saga of Hjalmter and Elvira · The saga of Halvdan the son of Eystein · The saga of Halvdan the Tutor of Brana · The saga of Illugi Son in Law Grid · The Saga of Huldah the Great · The saga of Tidrek of Bern
Later Sagas: The Ambales Saga · The saga of Asmund and Tryggvi · The saga of Asmund the Pupil of Sebbi · The saga of Asmund the Viking · The saga of Elvira the Trickster · The saga of Gorm the Old · The saga of Harald the Murderer of Hring · The Saga of Halvdan the Old · The saga of Halvdan the son of Berk · The saga of the Gaut Jarl Herlaug · The saga of Chromund the son of Grape · The saga of Kraki and Bjolmar · The saga of Ospak the son of Enund · The saga of Starkad the Old · The saga of Ulva the son of Uggi · The saga of Torstein The Pupil of Geirnevya
Sagas about bishops The saga of Christianity · Awakening of hunger · The Saga of Torlak the Saint · The saga of Bishop Pal · The Saga of Saint John · The saga of Bishop Gudmund · The Saga of Bishop Arnie · The saga of Bishop Larentius Chivalric sagas The saga of Samson the Beautiful · The Saga of Tristram and Isonda Sagas about modernity The saga of Aron the son of Hjorleiv · The saga of Hravn the son of Sveinbjorn · The saga of the Icelanders · The Saga of the Sturlungs
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Categories: Literary genres Icelandic literature Icelandic sagas Nordic studies
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