Olympic symbols
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Olympic flag with the symbol of the Olympic Games
Olympic symbols are the attributes of the Olympic Games used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the idea of the Olympic movement around the world.
Olympic symbols include a flag (rings), an anthem, an oath, a slogan, medals, a fire, an olive branch, a salute, mascots, an emblem.
Any use of the Olympic symbols for commercial purposes is prohibited by the Olympic Charter.
Content
1 Flag and rings
2 Anthem
3 The Oath
4 Mottos and slogans
5 Medals
6 Fire
7 Olive branch
8 Salute
9 Mascots
10 Game Logo
11 See also
12 Notes
13 Links
Flag and rings[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Olympic Flag
The flag is a white silk cloth with the Olympic emblem embroidered on it.
The emblem was invented by Pierre de Coubertin in 1913.
The Olympic emblem and the Olympic flag were first presented at the VII Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920[1]
The flag of 1920, presented at the Olympic Games in Antwerp, was replaced by a new Olympic flag in 1988, presented at the XXIV Olympic Games in Seoul.
The old flag is now kept in the Museum of the Olympic Games in Lausanne in Switzerland[2].
The flag of the Olympic movement is a white field, in the center of which is placed the Olympic emblem: 5 intertwined rings arranged in two rows (three in the upper, two in the lower).
Ring colors (from left to right): blue, yellow, black, green, red.
The rings symbolize the union (unity) of the five parts of the world and the worldwide nature of the Olympic Games.
The rings are connected in a chain, in the shape of the letter W, with the extreme (blue, red) intersecting each with only one other ring, and the one located in the center — each with two rings.
The rings symbolize the five continents.
However, contrary to the popular version, each of the rings does not belong to any particular continent[3].
The six colors (together with the white background of the canvas) are combined in such a way that they represent the national colors of all countries of the world without exception.
The original text (English)
The Olympic flag … has a white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black, green and red …
This design is symbolic ; it represents the five inhabited continents of the world, united by Olympism, while the six colors are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time. (1931, Textes choisis, vol. II, p.470, 1931)
Until 1951, the official directory claimed that the colors of the rings correspond to different parts of the world: Europe — blue, Asia — yellow, Africa — black, Australia — green and America — red.
However, this was later removed from there, since there was no evidence that Pierre de Coubertin meant exactly this distribution of colors[4].
The original text (English)
On page 18 of the Green Booklet (both French and English versions) the text says that the colours of the Olympic Rings attributed to the respective five continents are as follows: Blue for Europe, yellow for Asia, black for Africa, green for Australia and red for America.
According to the documents in the possession of the Chancellery, no definite proof can be found that this allocation of colours was P. de Coubertin’s original idea at the very most he might perhaps have admitted it afterwards.
To put an end to all controversy on this point the E. C. of the I. O. C. has decided to cancel this paragraph and not to allocate any colours to the various continents.
The C. E. begs all those interested to take note of this. (Bulletin du Comité International Olympique, Number 25, January 1951)
[5].
Anthem[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The Olympic Anthem
The anthem of the Olympic Games is performed when the Olympic flag is raised during the opening of the next Games, as well as at their completion and in some other cases.
Written by the Greek composer Spyros Samaras.
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The oath[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The Olympic Oath
One of the outstanding athletes takes an oath of honesty of the competition on behalf of all the competitors.
Then one of the judges takes an oath of honest and objective judging.
Proposed by de Coubertin in 1913.
Revives a similar ancient oath offering.
It was first officially pronounced in 1920 at the VII Summer Olympic Games in Antwerp.
Mottos and slogans[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Olympic Motto
"Faster, higher, stronger", which is a translation of the Latin expression "Citius, Alts, Fortius".
The slogan was coined by the French priest Henri Didon and proposed by Pierre de Coubertin when creating the International Olympic Committee in 1894 and presented at the VIII Summer Olympic Games in Paris in 1924.
There is an official motto "The main thing is victory, not participation", the authorship is attributed to de Coubertin.
In fact, this phrase is connected with the tragedy of the runner Pietri Dorando, who was disqualified in running the marathon distance (London, 1908) because of outside help provided to him at the finish line.
Help that he didnot ask for.
The next day, a solemn ceremony of awarding prizes was held.
One of the members of the royal family invited the Italian to the podium and presented him with a gold cup for an outstanding sporting achievement.
On this day, the Bishop of Pennsylvania uttered the following words from the pulpit of St. Peter's Cathedral: "At the Olympics, the main thing is victory, and not participation."
According to the writers Laszlo Kuhn and V. V. Stolbov, participation is in the sense of empathy for an athlete who fought with his last strength, but could not win. [6]
Medals[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Olympic Medal
Olympic medals — gold, silver and bronze are awarded to three athletes who have shown the best results in the competition.
In team sports, all team members receive medals of equal dignity.
The design of the medals awarded to athletes at the first eight Summer Olympic Games was completely different and was developed by each Organizing Committee independently.
From 1920 to 2000, a standard design was used for the obverse of Olympic medals: the goddess Nika with a palm branch in her right hand, honoring the winner.
The reverse of the medal changed depending on the wishes of the country where the Games were held[7].
Since 2004, this tradition has been abandoned, and both sides of the medal are made according to the unique design of the organizers of the Games.
[8].
The diameter of the medal of the 2008 Games was 70 mm, the thickness was 6 mm.
Gold medals, as a rule, are made mainly of silver.
So, at the 2008 Games, the gold medal weighed about 150 grams, which included about 6 grams of gold.
Silver medals are made of silver, bronze medals are made of copper[9].
At the Games of 1896 and 1901, only athletes who took 1st and 2nd place were awarded medals.
There was no gold medal then, and only silver and bronze medals were awarded.
Moreover, at the 1900 Games in many types of medals were not awarded at all, and instead the organizers awarded the participants with cups and diplomas.
However, for a uniform approach in the reference literature, gold, silver and bronze medals are also used for these games.
Until 1960, medals were made without fasteners and were handed to the winners directly into their hands.
The organizers of the 1960 Games in Rome for the first time made thin bronze chains in the shape of an olive branch, so that medals could be hung around the necks of athletes.
Interestingly, by introducing an innovation not provided for by the rules, the organizers hedged themselves and handed the girls who took out the medals for awarding scissors to quickly cut the chains in case of objections.
However, I liked the idea, and since then chains or ribbons have been attached to Olympic medals.[10]
Fire[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Olympic Flame
The Olympic Torch Relay.
2008, London
For the first time, the Olympic flame was lit at the IX Summer Games in Amsterdam (the Netherlands).
The Olympic flame is lit on the territory of the ruins of the temple of the goddess Hera in ancient Olympia in Greece from a parabolic mirror.
The flame on the torch is passed from athlete to athlete during a multi day symbolic relay race that takes place on all 5 inhabited continents of the Earth.
The fire arrives at the venue of the Olympic Games on the day of their opening.
The finalist of the relay lights the flame of the Olympic bonfire with a torch.
This symbolizes the beginning of the games.
At the end of all competitions, the Olympic bonfire is extinguished, which symbolizes the closing of the games.
The first Olympic torch relay from Olympia and the Olympic bonfire lighting ceremony were held at the XI Summer Olympic Games in Berlin (Germany) in 1936.
The flame was lit in Olympia on July 20, 1936, the relay race ended in Berlin on August 1, 1936.
The author and founder of the relay tradition, as well as the author of the idea of lighting the torch in Greece, is Karl Dim, a sports official in Germany and Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the XI Games.
Dima conceived the idea of the relay race during the preparation for the VI Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, which were canceled due to the First World War.
Olive branch[edit / edit wiki text]
The olive branch, or "cotinos", is a branch rolled up in the form of a wreath, which is presented to the winner along with a gold medal.
The tradition of presenting it was revived at the XXVIII Summer Olympic Games in Athens in 2004.
Salute[edit / edit wiki text]
The Olympic salute is a variation of the Roman salute, but with a higher raising of the hands.
This greeting was used at the VIII and XI Summer Olympics in Paris in 1924 and in Berlin in 1936, respectively.
After the end of the Second World War, due to the great similarity with the Nazi salute, it is no longer used, although it is not officially banned.
T alismans[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Olympic Mascot
Hodori the tiger cub, the mascot of the 1988 Games
The mascot for each Olympiad is chosen by the host country at its discretion.
Usually, an animal or other stylized image is chosen as a mascot, which is associated in the minds of most people with the host country.
Initially, the revived Olympic Games had only an emblem and a flag.
Mascots appeared quite recently, in 1968.
Moreover, some believe that the progenitor of all the Olympic mascots was the funny alpine skier Schuss, who became the symbol of the White Olympics in Grenoble.
Others are sure that the first jaguar mascot appeared at the Olympic Games in Mexico City.
Whatever it was, but the first official mascot is recognized as the dachshund Waldi, who was born in 1972 at the Summer Olympic Games in Munich.
Waldi (the name is masculine, because in German the word "dachshund" is masculine) was chosen as the mascot of the Games for the fact that, as it is written on the website of the International Olympic Committee, "he has the qualities of a real athlete: fortitude, perseverance and dexterity."
Waldi is also famous for the fact that he is the only pet that has become a mascot in the history of the Olympic Games.
Logo of Games[edit / edit wiki text]
The emblem of the 1936 Games
File:Olimpiada 1980 Fakel Moscow.jpg
Coin with the image of the lit Olympic torch, Soviet Union, 1 ruble, 1980.
XXII Olympic Games, Moscow.
Main article: Olympic Emblem
Each Olympic Games has its own unique emblem, symbolizing the host city and country.
Usually, but not always, the Olympic rings are an element of the emblem.
The official Olympic emblem consists of the Olympic symbol and the Olympic motto: the symbol is five intertwined colored rings on a white background, and the official motto is "Citius, altius, fortius" ("Faster, higher, stronger!"), which has changed in recent Games, or we can say, in addition to the official one, another was invented.
Only the IOC and the NOC have the right to use the Olympic Emblem.
The National Olympic Committees each time had their own logo.
This is spelled out in the Olympic Charter, as well as the fact that the use of the emblem by other organizations for any commercial purposes without the permission of the IOC is prohibited.
11].
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
Paralympic Games
Deflympic Games
Winter Paralympic Games
Summer Paralympic Games
International Olympic Committee
Boycott of the Olympic Games
Olympiad (chronology)
The Olympic Bear
Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ 1 2 Short terminology dictionary (c — y) on the topic "Olympic Education" URL at 8/31/2008
↑ The Olympic Flags and Emblem March 7, 2006 URL at 9/1/2008
↑ The Olympic symbols.
IOC.
Verified on February 8, 2014.
↑ (January 1951) «Decision adopted by the Executive Committee».
Bulletin du Comité International Olympique ( Olympic Review ) (IOC) (25): 32.
↑ Geography of the Olympic Rings - GIS Lounge
Ку Kun L. General history of physical culture and sports.
- Moscow: Raduga, 1982.
- pp.
240-241.
↑ Olympic Games Amsterdam 1928 — The medal URL at 8/28/2008
↑ Olympic Games Athens 2004 — The medal URL at 8/28/2008
↑ The Olympic Gold medal costs $ 216
Медали Medals and ... scissors.
/ / Soviet Sport No. 260 (11279), November 11, 1984, 4th page.
Большая The Great Olympic Encyclopedia.
THE OLYMPIC EMBLEM.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Symbols of the Sochi Olympics
About the Olympic symbols (rus.)
The official website of the Olympic Movement (eng.)
Statistics of the results of all Olympic Games (English)
Virtual Museum of the Olympic Games (eng.)
Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olympic Symbols&oldid=75310333"
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