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Athletics
Doping in athletics: the five biggest scandals 6 comments
November 11, 2015 at 9:40 am
Ben Sutherland, BBC Russian Service
The doping scandal in Russian athletics is far from the first in the history of the "queen of sports" and the sports world as a whole.
The report of the World Doping Agency (WADA), prepared after suspicions about the mass use of banned drugs by Russian athletes, concludes that there was a large scale deception.
The drafters of the document claim that athletes, coaches, doctors and even employees of the Russian special services participated in a conspiracy to conceal the facts of the use of stimulants by athletes.
The members of the WADA commission went so far as to say that the success of the Russians at the London Olympics was nothing but a diversion.
The BBC suggests recalling other doping scandals that shook the world of sports in the old days.
Ben Johnson, the 1988 Olympics
Ben Johnson ran the 100 meters at the Seoul Olympics in 9.79 seconds.
Photo: Reuters
Ben Johnson's victory in the 100 meters at the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul was one of the most impressive and fundamental moments in the history of sports.
The race in which he crushed the reigning champion Carl Lewis and broke the world record has acquired the character of a real sports drama.
The result shown by Johnson — 9.79 seconds turned out to be so symbolic that it gave the name to the film about this race.
But three days passed, and the world learned how the athlete achieved victory: the Canadian took the banned steroid stanozolol.
"If you donot swallow it, you canot win" is a spell Johnson, a budding young athlete, first heard in 1981.
Seven years later, the formula worked, because the athlete actually took the drug.
It was then that the use of doping in athletics became a global byword.
At the same time, this concept has really penetrated into the consciousness of people.
The men's 100 meter dash is the highlight of the Summer Olympic Games program.
The winner becomes a star of the universal level.
If people stop believing that running 100 meters is clean, what will it mean for the whole sport?
As it turned out later, over the next few years, the results of six of the eight participants in the final race at that Olympics were in question.
For this reason, it was dubbed "the dirtiest race of all time".
Tyson Gay, World Cup 2015
Tyson Gay was not destined to win the 2015 World Championship in Beijing.
Photo: Reuters
American sprinter Tyson Gay broke away when he won gold in the 100, 200 and 4-100 meter relay at the World Championships in Osaka in 2007.
He repeated the success of another American, Maurice Green, a year before Usain Bolt (Jamaica) took off at the Beijing Olympics and became one of the greatest sports stars in the world.
However, as Bolt ascended to the heights of fame, Gay had more and more difficulty.
The Osaka gold could remain the highest point in his career, as not only Bolt, but also other stars from Jamaica, for example, Asafa Powell, began to dominate the sprint.
And in 2013, it was announced that Gay's doping test was positive.
Gay admitted the presence of a prohibited drug, but said that a "third party" was to blame, which he declined to name.
Perhaps that would have been the end of it if, after returning to the treadmill after a one year ban from participating in competitions, he would not have returned in great shape and did not win one race after another.
Gay's return caused a lot of controversy, but when he reached the peak of form in 2015, there was talk that he could win the main event of the year — the World Championship in Beijing.
But the miracle did not happen, and he lost to Bolt, slipping a few meters from the finish line.
BBC sports commentator Steve Cram (along with Sebastian Coe Steve Ouett, one of the representatives of the stellar generation of British runners of the 1980s) spoke in the spirit that Usain Bolt, by defeating Gay, " may even have saved the reputation of his sport."
Ilona Slupianek Shoknecht, 1977 European Championship
Ilona Slupyanek was the first woman to push a shot over 22 meters at the 1980 Moscow Olympics
Ilona Slupianek (now Ilona Longo) is not just one of the most famous names on this list.
It represents the most infamous doping system that has ever existed — the one that was created in the GDR.
The shot putter passed a positive doping test during the 1977 European Championships in Helsinki, during which she showed a stunning result — 21.20 meters.
The International Athletics Federation disqualified her for 12 months.
Sports functionaries believed that by doing so they would strictly warn all potential violators of the rules.
In fact, something exactly the opposite happened.
Slupianek returned to East Germany, where she could train without hindrance taking steroids.
The East Germans began to test their athletes for doping before they went to international competitions, so that they would know for sure that they would be able to pass any test abroad.
Ilona Slupyanek continued to perform and set a world record in the shot put (22.45 meters) at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, which lasted for four years and was broken by the Soviet athlete Natalia Lisovskaya in 1984 (22.53 meters).
The sports system of the GDR continued to develop a doping program that brought the first state of workers and peasants on German soil countless gold medals.
The GDR went into oblivion 25 years ago, and the pharmaceutical company Jenapharm, a manufacturer of banned drugs that many athletes from East Germany took, does not have time to fend off lawsuits filed against it by almost 200 former athletes.
Marion Jones, 2000 Olympic Games
Marion Jones lost her Olympic medals after her ex husband testified against her.
Photo: Reuters
Jones, the most famous athlete whose name was associated with the infamous scandal around the BALCO laboratory, became the Olympic champion in the 100 and 200 meters at the Sydney Games in 2000.
By this time, she had already won the World Championships twice.
Jones lost her Olympic medals after her ex husband, shot putter CJ Hunter, testified under oath before a grand jury that he saw with his own eyes how she injected doping into her stomach in the Olympic Village in Sydney.
Then Victor Conte, the founder of the pharmaceutical company BALCO from San Francisco, said in an interview with ABC that he personally gave Jones five different drugs that help improve sports results.
Jones maintained her innocence until 2007, when she finally admitted that she lied under oath when she testified about her role in the BALCO case.
This company has developed, in particular, the steroid THG, which allows you to hide traces of doping in the blood of an athlete.
The names of 20 other major sports stars, not just Hunter, were tainted.
The list includes sprinter Tim Montgomery, the father of the first child Jones, the famous baseball player Barry Bonds, as well as sprinter Dwayne Chambers, who was the first to get caught using THG.
Lilia Shobukhova, London Marathon 2010
The revelations of Lilia Shubnikova gave an impetus to the WADA investigation.
Photo: Eurosport.com
Lilia Shobukhova, as well as discus thrower Evgenia Pecherina, have become the catalyst for the current scandal that has shaken Russian athletics.
Their interview for a documentary by the German TV company ARD, aired in December 2014, served as the impetus for the investigation launched by WADA.
Shobukhova admitted in that interview that she paid 450 thousand euros to the All Russian Athletics Federation (VFLA) to hide a positive doping test.
Pecherina, for her part, claimed that 99% of Russian athletes are guilty of doping.
But if Pecherina's success was limited mainly to national competitions, Shobukhova was the winner of the London Marathon.
Now she is serving a two year disqualification for inaccuracies identified in her biological passport.
The documentary contains a recording made by a hidden camera.
In the video, runner Maria Savinova, who won gold in the 800 meters at the 2012 Olympics in London, admits that she took the banned anabolic steroid oxandrolone.
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Related news: Mutko: Doping is not an invention of Russia, everything comes from overseas Doping tests for Belarusians will become more expensive after the scandal in Russia
Topics: doping, athletics, running, the Olympics, Russian cinema
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