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You are here: News Architectural monuments Kremlins, fortresses, castles The Moscow Kremlin
Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin was built in 1485-1495.
The architect is Italian Pietro Antonio Solari (Peter Fryazin).
Other architects, mainly Italian, participated in the construction of the Moscow Kremlin at different periods.
The length of the Kremlin walls is 2235 meters, the height is from 5 to 6.5 meters.
The walls in some places have internal passages.
In the plan, the Moscow Kremlin is an irregular triangle with three round towers at the corners.
The remaining towers have a square cross section.
There are 20 towers in total, the highest of which is Troitskaya (height 79.3 meters).
The style of architecture of the Moscow Kremlin is classic Italian, with the exception of the Nikolskaya Tower, designed in the Gothic style.
The superstructures and tent coverings of the towers were built in the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Kremlin lost its defensive significance.
Vodovzvodnaya (Sviblova) tower of the Moscow Kremlin — south western corner.
It is located on the bank of the Moskva River.
The name Vodovzvodnaya was received in 1633 after the installation of a water lifting machine in it.
Before that, it was called Sviblova Tower.
The architectural style is classic Italian.
The masonry is made up to the middle of the height with protruding and recessed belts of white stone.
The cross section is cylindrical.
The covering is tent shaped.
The height with a star is 61.25 m, without a star 57.7 m.
The Bashborovitskaya (Predtechenskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the southwestern frontal one.
It was built in 1490 by Architect Pietro Solari.
The name Predtechenskaya was given by decree of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich in honor of the Church of the Nativity of the Forerunner located opposite.
In the 18th century, the tower was decorated with white stone details in a pseudo Gothic style, at the beginning of the 19th, a clock appeared on the tower.
The tower is a passageway with a gate.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
Walls: 4 levels tetrahedrons, the last level is an octahedron.
The covering is tent - shaped.
The height with a star is 54.05 m, without a star 50.7 m.
The span of the rays of the ruby star is 3.2 meters.
The Commandant's (Deaf, Kolymazhnaya) tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the north - western frontal.
It was built in 1495 by Architect Aleviz Fryazin.
The old name - Kolymazhnaya received from the Kolymazhny yard located near it.
Name “The Commandant's room” was received when the commandant of Moscow was located nearby, in a Funny palace of the XVII century.
The cross section of the base is square.
The covering is tent – shaped.
Height 41.25 m
Oruzhe?ynaya (Horse?shennaya) tower of the Moscow Kremlin – north western frontal.
It was built in 1495 by Architect Aleviz Fryazin.
The name Konyushennaya was received because of the travel gate to the Stable Yard in the Kremlin.
The cross section of the base is a square.
The covering is tent – shaped.
Height - 32.65
The Trinity Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the northwestern frontal one.
It was built in 1499 by the architect Aleviz Fryazin Milanese.
Previously, it was called Znamenskaya, Rizopolozhenskaya, Karetnaya.
Troitskaya is named because of the Trinity farmstead located nearby.
The tower is a travel pass.
The cross section of the base is a square.
The covering is tent – shaped.
The height with a star is 80 m.(the highest Kremlin tower)
Kuta?fya (Predmo?the Moscow Kremlin Tower is a tower opposite the Trinity Tower, at the end of the Trinity Bridge.
It is a barbican.
It was built in 1516 by the architect Aleviz Fryazin.
Presumably, the name comes from the word kut shelter.
It is significantly different from the rest of the Kremlin towers.
It had a special defensive significance.
It was surrounded by an artificially raised water level of Neglinka, covered the approach to the Trinity Bridge.
The cross section of the base is an irregular oval.
There is no coating, the upper part is decorated with an openwork white stone "crown".
Height -13.5 m.
The middle Arsenal Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the northwestern frontal one.
It was built in 1495.
It received its current name after the construction of the Arsenal building at the beginning of the XVIII century.
It used to be called Faceted from the facade divided on the edge.
The outer face of its strongly elongated up quadrangular volume, completed with machicolations and a parapet, has retained its original dismemberment by two flat vertical niches.
There is an observation deck at the top.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent – shaped.
Height 38.9 m
The corner Arsenalnaya (Sobakina) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the north– eastern corner.
It was built in 1492 by Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It had a secret passage to Neglinka and a well in case of a siege.
The most powerful of the Kremlin towers with four meter thick walls.
The cross section of the base is cylindrical.
The covering is tent - shaped.
Height -60 m The thickness of the walls of the tower is 4 m
The Nikolskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the eastern frontal one.
It was built in 1491 by Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It got its name from the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker placed on the facade.
It is a travel card.
At the beginning of the 19th century, it was seriously rebuilt and acquired a pseudo Gothic style.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The walls are octagonal.
The covering is tent – shaped.
The height with a star is 70.4 m. without a star 67.1 m
The Spasskaya (Frolovskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the eastern frontal, facing Red Square.
It was built in 1491.
Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It got its name from the icon of the Savior of Smolensk located here.
The main gate of the Kremlin — Spassky is located in the tower, the famous chimes are installed in the tent of the tower.
The cross section of the base is a square.
The covering is tent shaped.
The height of the tower with a star is 71 m., to the star 67.3 m.
The Senate Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the eastern frontal.
It was built in 1491.
Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It received its name after the construction of the Senate building on the territory of the Kremlin.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent – shaped.
Height -34.3 m.
The Tsar's Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the eastern frontal one.
It was built in 1680.
It does not play any defensive significance.
It is rather a gazebo mounted on the wall.
Tsarskaya is named because, according to legends, Ivan the Terrible watched the executions on Red Square from it.
The height of the tower with a weather vane is 16.7 m.
The alarm tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the eastern frontal one.
It was built in 1490.
Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It was named after the alarm bell that was located in it.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent –shaped.
The height of the tower is 38 m.
Beklemishevskaya (Moskvoretskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin — south eastern corner.
It was built in 1488 by Architect Marko Fryazin.
The name comes from the courtyard of the boyar I. N. Beklemishev, who was located inside the Kremlin near the tower.
Located at the junction of the Moskva River with the moat, the tower served an important defensive role.
The cross section of the base is cylindrical.
The covering is tent –shaped.
The height is 46.2 m.
The Konstantino Eleninskaya (Timofeevskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the southern frontal one.
It was built in 1490 by Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It received its modern name after the Church of Constantine and Elena was built nearby in the Kremlin in the XVII century
Originally it was a driveway, with a drawbridge over the moat.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent – shaped.
The height is 36.8 m.
Petrovskaya (Ugreshskaya) Tower of the Moscow Kremlin– the southern frontal.
It was built in 1480.
It got its name from the courtyard of the Ugreshsky monastery with the church of Metropolitan Peter, which from the XV to the XVII century was located inside the Kremlin near the tower
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The overlap is tent – shaped.
The height is 27.15 m.
The first Unnamed (Powder) tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the southern frontal.
It was built in 1480.
It was rebuilt several times later.
The name of the powder room was received because of the powder warehouse located in it.
The cross section of the base of the quadrilateral.
The covering is tent – shaped.
Height -27.15 m.
The second Unnamed tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the southern frontal.
It was built in the 1480s.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent - shaped.
Height -30.2 m.
The Tainitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the southern frontal one.
It was built in 1485.
Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
It got its name because of the secret passage from the tower to the Moscow River.
The first tower of the modern Moscow Kremlin and the first brick tower.
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent – shaped.
Height - 38.4
The Annunciation Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the southern frontal one.
It was built in 1487 by Architect Pietro Antonio Solari.
The name was received from the previously decorated one
The cross section of the base is a quadrilateral.
The covering is tent – shaped.
The height with a weather vane is 32.4 meters, to the weather vane - 30.7 meters.
The Moscow Kremlin is one of the main symbols of modern Russia, the subject of national pride of the Russian people.
The ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin is included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.
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