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The history of Russia briefly
Soviet culture in the 20-30s
The revolutionary events split the intelligentsia and the creative environment into those who left their Homeland, and those who, having accepted the revolution, actively participated in the creation of a new culture.
One of the main tasks in building a new society was the task of educating a person.
In September 1918, the reorganization of the public education system began.
Tuition fees have been canceled, a two stage labor school has been organized with a training period of 5 years and 4 years.
6, 1920, an extraordinary commission for the elimination of illiteracy was established.
In 1930, universal primary education was introduced.
The new school was organized on the basis of pre revolutionary traditions.
In the field of education, all experiments were prohibited, it was conducted on the basis of strict discipline, a schedule.
The history of the country, humanities and exact disciplines were studied.
The textbooks were compiled in accordance with the state standard.
By the decrees of the SNK and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of May 15, 1934, an elementary school (grades 1-4), an incomplete secondary school (grades 1-7), and a secondary school (grades 1-10) were established.
The ideological leadership was carried out by experienced party workers and Komsomol members.
The technical revolution in production required an increase in the number of competent specialists.
For this reason, in 1933-1937, systems of workers ' schools and vocational courses were created to improve the educational level of workers.
Technical and agricultural universities were opened, on the job education became widespread.
The practice of obtaining education by young people who do not have primary education for further education in universities was applied.
In 1925, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was transferred from Leningrad to Moscow.
In 1929, the All Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences was established, headed by N. I. Vavilov.
Branches of the Academy of Sciences were created in the Union republics and regions of the RSFSR (more than 850 research institutes were created).
The party leadership paid great attention to the defense branches of production and scientific developments in this area.
In multiple design offices and research institutes to develop new models of tanks (A. A. Morozov, M. I. Komkin, J. Kotin), aircraft (I. A. Tupolev, Ilyushin S. V., N.N. Polikarpov, Alexander Yakovlev), artillery systems and mortars (V. G. Grabin, F. F. Petrov), small arms (A. V. Degtyarev, V. F. Tokarev).
A. P. Alexandrov has created a unique protect Navy ships from electromagnetic waves.
Great success was achieved by Soviet scientists who worked in fundamental and theoretical fields of science: physics P. L. Kapitsa, atomic nucleus I. V. Kurchatov, G. N. Flerov, etc.), semiconductor physics A. F. Ioffe.
In the mid 30s, the "big style", characteristic of countries with a totalitarian regime, was established in the culture of the USSR.
Its main features were its scale, splendor, hyperbolized optimism.
The main task of the "big style" was to influence the attitude and behavior of large masses of people.
This style was supposed to consolidate the stability and strength of the Soviet power in the minds of the people.
It was expressed in mass processions, parades and celebrations, where the achievements of the people under the leadership of the CPSU were glorified.
The Russian history was revised, which began to be presented as a series of continuous victories, the successor of which was the Party of Communists.
Special attention was paid to cinema.
A galaxy of talented film directors and actors created works that strongly influenced the consciousness and behavior of the entire society.
The members of the Central Committee personally watched all the new films and were their censors.
The new Union of writers, painting and sculpture were under the strictest supervision of the party.
Exceptional benefits were provided to cultural figures, as well as to party leaders; the dependence of art on the state was formed.
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