Apple
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122°01'47" s.
d. / 37.33194° s.
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122.02972° s.
d. / 37.33194; -122.02972 (G) (O)
This term has other meanings, see Apple (values).
Apple Inc.
Type Public company
NASDAQ Listing: AAPL
Foundation 1976
Founders Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Ronald Wayne[1]
Location USA USA: Cupertino, California
Key figures Tim Cook (CEO)[2]
Arthur Levinson (Chairman of the Board of Directors)[3]
Industry Electronics, information technologies
Products Personal and tablet computers, mobile phones, audio players, wearable technologies, software
Turnover : $182.795 billion (2014)[4]
Net profit : $39.540 billion (2014)[4]
The number of employees is 80 thousand. (2013)[5]
Subsidiaries of FileMaker Inc., Anobit, Beats by Dr. Dre and Braeburn Capital
Website apple.com/ru
Apple Inc.
(MFA: [ææp(ə) l ɪŋk]; the official Russian spelling is "Apple" [6]) is an American corporation, a manufacturer of personal and tablet computers, audio players, phones, and software.
One of the pioneers in the field of personal computers[7] and modern multitasking operating systems with a graphical interface.
It is headquartered in Cupertino, California.
Thanks to innovative technologies and aesthetic design, Apple has created a unique reputation, comparable to a cult, in the consumer electronics industry[8].
The company ranks first in the world by market capitalization[9], the size of which as of January 11, 2016 is 537 billion US dollars.
10]
Content
1 Title 2 History 2.1 1970s 2.2 1980s 2.3 1990s 2000s 2.4 2010s 2.5 Mergers and Acquisitions
3 Owners and management 3.1 Board of Directors [22] 3.2 Senior Management[22] 3.3 Key figures in the company's history
4 Activities 4.1 Products 4.2 Performance indicators 4.3 Apple in Russia
5 Marketing 5.1 Advertising video "1984" 5.2 Advertising campaign "Think Different" 5.3 Exhibitions
6 Criticism 6.1 Toxic waste 6.2 Working conditions
7 Taxes 8 Apple and patents 8.1 Lawsuits against Apple
9 Notes 10 References 11 References
Title
The company's name comes from the English apple ("apple"), the image of an apple is used in the logo.
Until January 9, 2007, the official name of the corporation for more than 30 years was Apple Computer, Inc.
The rejection of the word Computer in the name demonstrates the change of the main focus of the corporation from the traditional computer equipment market to the consumer electronics market.
Jobs suggested the name Apple because in this case the company's phone number was in the phone book right before "Atari".[11]
Macintosh a variety of apples sold in the United States — is the favorite apple variety of Jeff Ruskin, who was the head and developer of the Macintosh project before Steve Jobs took this position.
History
the 1970s
The company was founded in California by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who assembled their first personal computer based on the MOS Technology 6502 processor in the mid 1970s.
After selling several dozen of these computers, young entrepreneurs received funding and officially registered Apple Computer, Inc. on April 1, 1976[12].
The Apple I, released in 1976, was not the first programmable microcomputer.
The right of primacy belonged to the Altair 8800 microcomputer, which was created by Ed Roberts and distributed through catalogs in 1974-1975.
However, "Altair" was not a "personal computer", since it did not give the opportunity to solve more or less serious tasks with its help.
In 1976-1977, several companies released the first personal computers, including since 1977, thousands of computers were sold by Commodore and Tandy Radio Shack companies.
But the first mass produced personal computer, produced by millions of copies, was the Apple II computer[7].
From 1977 to 1993, Apple produced various models from the line of 8 (later 8/16) bit Apple II computers.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the "Apple II" and their clones were the most common personal computers in the world.
More than 5 million Apple II computers were sold worldwide.
Now it is considered that it was "Apple II" that once and for all opened a wide road to a new industry — the production of personal computers[7].
Main article: Apple II
the 1980s
The year 1980 in the history of Apple was marked by the Apple III project that failed for a number of reasons, but at the same time the company held the largest initial public offering (IPO) in history (after 1956, when Ford entered the stock exchange).
In March 1981, Wozniak was involved in a plane crash and left his job for a while.
Problems with Apple III sales led to the fact that Jobs had to lay off 40 employees.
The press has already trumpeted the imminent end of Apple.
In early 1983, Jobs, unable to cope with the problems that arose, invited John Scully, who at that time held a similar position at PepsiCo, to the position of president of the company.
In April 1983, Scully took up his duties.
Steve Jobs experienced the company's failures as his own, so disagreements and friction began to arise between him and Scully.
In 1984, Apple first introduced a new 32 bit Macintosh computer.
Later, the production of computers of this series became the main business of the company.
For two decades, the company has been producing Macintosh computers based on Motorola processors equipped with a proprietary operating system.
This platform is produced only by Apple — for a short time in the mid 1990s, the management decided to grant licenses for the production of Mac compatible computers, but subsequently the licenses were revoked.
Traditionally, Apple has had a strong position in the segments of government and educational organizations, as well as in the publishing business and design, and later in the music industry.
Earlier than other developers, Apple introduced a graphical user interface and a computer mouse into wide use.
In 1985, US President Ronald Reagan awarded Jobs and Wozniak medals for the development of technological progress.
In the same year, one of the founders, Steve Jobs, left the company.
By the end of the 1990s, Apple's business deteriorated sharply, by 1997, losses in two years amounted to $1.86 billion[13].
The situation changed with the return of Jobs in 1997.
Apple has gradually begun to discover new markets that are not directly related to computer technology.
In 2001, the company introduced the iPod audio player, which quickly gained popularity.
In 2003, the company opened the iTunes Store — a popular online supermarket of digital audio, video and game media content.
And in 2007, it entered the market of mobile phones with a touch sensitive iPhone smartphone.
In 2010, the iPad tablet computer was released on the market[13].
The production of iPods, iPhones and iPads, which were in high demand around the world, dramatically improved Apple's financial situation, bringing the company a record profit.
In August 2011, Apple became the most expensive company in the world by market capitalization for the first time, surpassing the oil company ExxonMobil, until the end of the year they changed places more than once, but since January 2012, Apple has managed to gain a foothold on the first line for a long time.
In August 2012, it became the most expensive company in history, breaking the Microsoft record set in December 1999, at the peak of the so — called dot com bubble, and on September 21, 2012, Apple shares reached their maximum during trading - $705.07, capitalization was $662.09 billion[14].
From the peak in September 2012 to January 2013, Apple's capitalization decreased by 37.6 %[14], which allowed ExxonMobil to compete with it again for the first place of the most expensive public company in the world[15].
On November 13, 2014, Apple again broke its record, its capitalization was $663.43 billion[16].
In 2013, Apple was the first to start mass production of 64 bit ARM architecture chips by releasing a 64 bit 2 core Apple A7 microprocessor[17]
In 2014, the corporation introduced its first personal, wearable device — the Apple Watch.
Mergers and acquisitions
Main article: List of Apple acquisitions
Over the years, Apple has repeatedly absorbed various companies operating in the IT market.
Among the largest such deals are the purchase of NeXT (1996, for $430 million), P. A. Semi (April 2008, $280 million), Quattro Wireless (January 2010, $274 million), Siri (April 2010, $200 million), Anobit Technologies (January 2012, $400-500 million), Beats Electronics (May 2014, for $3 billion)[18] and others.
Apple is a public company, its shares are traded on the NASDAQ and the London Stock Exchange.
The total number of issued shares at the beginning of 2011 was 921.28 million units.
As of May 26, 2010, the market value of the company (enterprise value) of Apple exceeded that of Microsoft [19].
As of March 2011, the company's market capitalization was estimated at $309.5 billion[20].
In August 2011, Apple became the most expensive company in the world by market capitalization, which as of August 10 amounted to $338.8 billion[13].
As of February 9, 2012, Apple's capitalization reached $456 billion.
This exceeds the total cost of the closest competitors Apple, Google and Microsoft combined[21].
In 2014, Apple regained the leadership in terms of market capitalization with an amount of $ 700 billion.
the source is not specified 426 days].
Apple headquarters in Cupertino
Board of Directors[22]
Arthur D. Levinson — Chairman of the Board of Directors of Apple, Chairman and former CEO of Genentech.
James A. Bell is a former chief financial Officer and corporate president of Boeing Corporation.
Tim Cook is the CEO of Apple.
Albert Gore is a former vice president of the United States.
Robert Iger is the president and CEO of The Walt Disney Company.
Andrea Jung is a Senior Advisor to the Board of Directors of Avon Products.
Ronald D. Sugar is the former chairman and CEO of Northrop Grumman Corporation.
Susan Wagner is the former head of the investment company BlackRock.
Top Management[22]
Tim Cook has been CEO since August 2011. [2]
Former Chief Operating Officer (1998-2011) [23].
Senior Vice Presidents
Angela Ahrendts is the Senior Vice President of Apple Store Retail Stores and Apple Online Commerce.
Eddie Q — Senior Vice President of Web Programming for Apple Internet services (iTunes Store, App Store, iCloud, Apple Maps, etc.) [24].
Craig Federighi Senior Vice President of Software Development (OS X and iOS)[24].
Jonathan Ive Senior Vice President of Design[24].
Luca Maestri is Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Dan Riccio is Senior Vice President of Hardware Development.
Philip Schiller Senior Vice President of International Marketing.
Bruce Sewell is a Senior Vice President and General Counsel.
Johny Srouji is a Senior vice President of Hardware Technologies.
Jeff Williams (Apple) is a Senior vice President of Operations.
Vice Presidents[25]
Paul Deneuve is the Vice President for Special Projects.
Alan Dye is the Vice President of User Interface Design.
Steve Dowling is the Vice President of Public Relations and Media.
Richard Howarth is the Vice President of Industrial Design.
Lisa P. Jackson Vice President for Environmental Protection, Policy Engagement and Social Initiatives.
Joel Podolny is the Vice President and Dean of Apple University.
Denise Young Smith is the Vice President of Global HR Policy.
Key figures in the company's history
CEO:
Michael Scott First CEO from February 1977 to March 1981 Mike Markkula: 1981-1983 John Scully: 1983-1993 Michael Spindler: 1993-1996 Gil Amelio: 1996-1997 Steve Jobs: 1997-2011 Tim Cook: since 2011.
Other persons:
Bill Atkinson Bob Mansfield is a senior vice president of computer hardware engineering.
Guy Kawasaki is one of the first employees of Apple Computer, responsible for marketing the Macintosh computer in 1984.
Del Yocam Jeff Raskin is a developer of the Macintosh computer.
Jonathan Ive is a designer who gave the world the iPod, iMac, and iPhone. (1992 present)
Jonathan Paul — eng.
Jonathan Paul) - vice president of Apple, an expert in the field of industrial design.
Jean Louis Gassée (French: Jean Louis Gassée) — Executive Director of the company (1981-1990).
Peter Oppenheimer Senior Vice President and CFO of the company (2004-2014).
Steve Wozniak (Polish.
Stephen Gary Wozniak is the co founder of Apple.
Developer of Apple I and Apple II computers.
Scott Forstall was the Senior Vice President of iPhone Software until October 29, 2012.
Susan Kare is an artist and graphic designer who created many of the elements of the Apple Macintosh interface in the 1980s.
Tony Fadell is the main developer of the iPod player.
Evi Tevanyan was Apple's senior vice president of Software Development from 2003 to 2006.
Andy Herzfeld is a senior OS software architect for the Macintosh in 1981.
Eric Schmidt was a member of the Board of Directors from August 2006 to August 3, 2009[26].
Jerome York was a member of the Board of Directors from 1997 to 2010[27].
Ron Johnson (eng. Ron Johnson (businessman)) - Senior Vice President of Retail business from 2000 to 2011.
Activity
The company sells some of its products through a network of Apple Store retail stores owned by it (more than 400 in total[28]) in the United States, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom and other countries.
And also sells various products (not only of its own production) through its online stores (Apple Store (online), iTunes Store and App Store), which in 2013 brought the company about $18.3 billion, which put Apple in 2nd place after Amazon.com among the companies of online retailers[29].
Products
Main article: Apple products
At the moment, among the main products produced by Apple:
iPhone — mobile phones; iPad tablet computers; iPod shuffle, iPod nano and iPod touch portable multimedia players; MacBook Pro professional laptops; MacBook Air ultra thin laptops; Mac mini system units of personal computers; iMac all in one computers (monitor, system unit, audio video peripherals); Mac Pro desktop computers of the "workstation"class; Thunderbolt Display computer monitors; Mac Pro Server, Mac mini Server servers; Apple TV multimedia players, Magic Mouse, Magic Trackpad, etc.
In addition, the company produces accessories for these products, as well as software;
Apple Watch is a smart watch.
Performance indicators
Total number of employees (as of 2013): 80 thousand people[5].
Revenue for the 2014 tax year amounted to $ 182.795 billion, net profit — $ 39.51 billion[4].
Apple in Russia
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Opening of the first Apple Center store in Russia in the Moscow Atrium shopping Center, November 2005.
The store is currently called re:Store and is part of the network of the same name
In fiscal year 2006, which ended on September 30, Apple's sales in Russia amounted to $ 69 million[30].
According to the managers of Apple IMC Russia, 240 thousand iPod audio players were sold in Russia during this period (an increase of 6 times per year).
In 2007, the Russian representative office of the company was established, since September 6, 2010, headed by Alexey Badaev[31].
As of 2008, there are about a dozen authorized business partners of the company operating in Russia.
The official importer of Apple equipment to Russia was chosen by the company "di House", and in 2010 the second importer was the company "Marvel".
Also, since 2012, the Svyaznoy group has been directly purchasing products from Apple, which makes devices cheaper in stores of this network.
As of 2015, there is not a single Apple store in Russia: all the company's products are sold through an extensive network of partner stores at various levels.
Apple Corporation registered the Apple Rus company in 2012.
The main activity is wholesale and retail trade of technical devices[32].
On June 28, 2013, the company launched the Russian segment of the Apple Online Store[33].
Marketing
Check the neutrality.
There should be details on the discussion page.
Apple's marketing policy is quite aggressive.
For example, users of Apple products on the Microsoft Windows platform receive messages about product updates that they do not have installed; the installation options for these products are enabled by default.
In particular, Safari users are asked to install iTunes and QuickTime; to refuse this, they must uncheck the corresponding checkboxes in the update dialog themselves[34].
So, in March 2008, Apple began offering iTunes for Windows users to install their Safari web browser.
At the same time, the browser installation option is enabled by default, and its description consists exclusively of advertising and a link to the site[35]:
Promotional video "1984"
Main Article: 1984 (commercial)
"1984" is a television commercial directed by Ridley Scott, dedicated to the Macintosh computer.
First shown on January 22, 1984.
The title is used and the plot of George Orwell's dystopian novel "1984"is played out.
"Think Different"advertising campaign
Main article: Think Different
"Think Different "(eng. Think Differently) is a successful Apple advertising campaign from 1997-2002.
Apple annually organizes the MacWorld exhibition, where it presents its new products and updates.
Criticism
See also: en:Criticism of Apple Inc.
On April 21, 2011, Greenpeace published a report highlighting the fact that data centers consume up to 2 % of the world's electricity, and this amount is projected to increase.
Phil Radford of Greenpeace said that "we are concerned that this new explosion in electricity consumption may drive us into a system of old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today"[36].
On April 17, 2012, after a protest by Greenpeace against Apple, the corporation released a statement that it was ending the use of coal and switching to 100% environmentally friendly energy[37][38].
In 2013, Apple announced that it uses 100 % renewable energy to power its data centers, and in general, 75 % of the power comes from renewable sources[39].
In 2010, Climate Counts, a non profit organization dedicated to directing consumers towards green companies, gave Apple 52 points out of 100 possible, which puts Apple in their highest category "On the Way"[40].
This was a leap forward compared to May 2008, when Climate Counts gave Apple only 11 points out of 100, which placed the company in last place among electronics companies, after which Climate Counts also awarded Apple the "mark of slow wits", adding that Apple at that time had "a chance to evade consumers worried about climate change"[41].
Greenpeace launched a campaign against Apple because of various environmental problems, for example, because of non recyclable hardware components and toxic substances in the iPhone[42][43].
Since 2003, Greenpeace has been campaigning against Apple's use of special chemicals in its products, in particular, the inclusion of PVC and brominated additives[42].
On May 2, 2007, Steve Jobs published a report announcing his plans to eliminate PVC and brominated additives by the end of 2008[44][45].
Apple has since eliminated PVC and brominated additives from its products, becoming the first laptop manufacturer to do so. [46] [47]
In the first edition of Greenpeace's "Guide to Green Electronics", released in August 2006, Apple received only 2.7/10[48].
The US Environmental Protection Agency highly rates Apple among laptop manufacturers, and gives the company good ratings compared to other manufacturers of desktop computers and LCD displays[49][50].
In June 2007, Apple updated the MacBook Pro, replacing the cold cathode fluorescent lamps in the backlighting of LCD displays with mercury free LEDs and arsenic free glass[51], and since then has done this for all laptops[44][52][53].
Apple has also eliminated brominated additives and PVC in various internal components.
Apple offers information about emissions, materials, and electricity consumption for each product[54].
In June 2009, the iPhone 3GS was produced without PVC, arsenic, brominated additives and had an effective power adapter[51].
In October 2009, Apple updated the iMac and MacBook, replacing cold cathode fluorescent lamps in the backlighting of LCD displays with mercury free LEDs and arsenic free glass[55].
This means that all Apple computers have mercury free LED backlit displays, arsenic free glass and PVC free cables.
All Apple computers have a Gold status according to the EPEAT version[51].
In October 2011, the Chinese authorities ordered Apple suppliers to close part of their factory in Suzhou, after local residents discovered significant environmental problems[56].
In June 2012, Apple recalled its products from EPEAT[57], but reversed this decision in July[58].
In 2006, Mail on Sunday reported on the working conditions that existed at factories in China, where subcontractors Foxconn and Inventec produced iPods[59].
The article says that in one complex of factories where iPods are assembled (among other products), more than 200,000 workers lived and worked at the factory and constantly worked more than 60 hours a week.
The article also reported that employees receive about $ 100 a month and are required to pay the company for rent and food, which in general is just over half of the workers ' earnings[60][61][62].
Apple immediately began investigating and working with its manufacturers to ensure acceptable working conditions[63].
In 2007, Apple began an annual audit of all its suppliers about the rights of employees, slowly raising standards and weeding out non compliant suppliers.
Annual progress reports have been published since 2008[64].
In 2010, workers in China decided to sue contractors, iPhone manufacturers, because of poisoning with a cleaner used to clean LCD screens.
One worker claimed that he and his colleagues were not informed about possible occupational diseases[65].
After a wave of suicides at Foxconn factories in China, where iPads and iPhones are assembled, [66] workers were forced to sign a legally binding document guaranteeing that they would not kill themselves[67].
In 2011, Apple admitted that their suppliers in China use child labor[68].
Workers in factories producing Apple products are exposed to n hexane, a neurotoxin that is a cheaper substitute for ethyl for cleaning products[69][70].
In 2013, China Labor Watch found violations of the law and Apple's promises about working conditions at facilities owned by Pegatron, including discrimination against ethnic minorities and women, withholding wages to employees, excessive working hours, poor living conditions, safety and health problems, environmental pollution[71].
Taxes
Total taxes paid by ASI in 2009-2011 [72] 2011 2010 2009 Total Income before taxes US$ 22 billion US$ 12 billion US$ 4 billion US$ 38 billion Total Tax US$ 10 million US$ 7 million US$ 4 million US$ 21 million Tax rate 0.05 % 0.06 % 0.1 % 0.06 %
To reduce the taxes that the company pays around the world, Apple has created subsidiaries in low tax places such as Ireland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and the British Virgin Islands.
According to the New York Times, Apple was one of the first technology companies to launch sales on other continents on behalf of subsidiaries, bypassing income taxes.
In the late 1980s, Apple pioneered an accounting technique known as "Double Irish with a Dutch Sandwich" , which reduces taxes by directing profits through Irish subsidiaries to the Netherlands and then to the Caribbean [73].
Charlie Elphicke, a member of the British Conservative Party, published a study dated October 30, 2012, which shows that some multinational companies, including Apple, made billions of pounds of profit in the UK, but paid only 3 percent of the effective tax rate to the UK Treasury, which is significantly lower than the standard income tax.
After publishing the study, Elphicke called on the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, to force multinational corporations, including Google and the Coca Cola Company, to report the effective tax rate they pay on their income in the UK.
Elphicke also said that government contracts should be denied to multinational corporations that do not pay their fair share to the UK[74].
Apple and patents
As of October 16, 2012, the company has received 5440 patents, including inventions (seven — digit number) - 4480 pieces, design projects (the letter D and six digits in the number) - 914 pieces[75].
In 2009, Nokia accused Apple of violating 10 patents that affect voice signal encoding, secure data transmission protocols and a number of other inventions used in the iPhone since the first version of the device appeared[76].
As a result, Apple was found guilty of violating these patents, having received an order to pay compensation to Nokia, as well as to pay deductions in the future[77].
The details of the agreement are not disclosed[78].
At the end of 2011, a German court found violations of a patent in the field of wireless data transmission of Motorola Mobility, obliging Apple to pay compensation for 4 years, and also securing Motorola's right to demand the removal of patented technologies from Apple devices[79].
In August 2015, a court ruling was issued stating that the A7 processor produced by the company violates a patent of the University of Wisconsin.
The court obliges Apple to pay $862 million in compensation for moral damage[80].
Notes
↑ Linzmayer Ronald W.
Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc..
- No Starch Press, 1999.
↑ 1 2 Steve Jobs has left the post of CEO of Apple.
Lenta.ru.
Checked on August 25, 2011.
Archived from the original source on February 4, 2012.
↑ 16.11.2011 :: voanews.com:: Arthur Levinson replaced Steve Jobs at Apple ↑ 1 2 3 2014 Apple Form 8 K (October 20, 2014).
↑ 1 2 Apple's Jobs creation ↑ Vladislav Novy.
Apple will gain wholesale in Russia / / Kommersant.
- 20.08.2012.
- Vol. No. 153/P (4938).
↑ 1 2 3 Meet: computer // Edited by V. M. Kurochkin.
- M.: Mir, 1989.
ISBN 5-03-001147-1 ↑ MacNN Staff.
Apple, Google tops in loyalty survey.
Macnn News.
MNM Media, LLC (June 11, 2006).
Verified on May 19, 2010.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
Apple Apple and Google have become the most expensive companies in the world.
/ / vedomosti.ru.
Verified on February 13, 2014.
↑ Apple Inc.: NASDAQ:AAPL quotes & news - Google Finance ↑ Meet: computer.
Trans.
from English.
Ed. and with a preface by V. M. Kurochkin.
- Moscow: Mir, 1989.
- 240 s, ill.
ISBN 5-03-001147-1 ↑ History of Apple: 16.02.2010 :: History of Apple ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Oleg Salmanov, Alexander Silonov.
Apple has repeated the success of Microsoft and Cisco Systems.
// vedomosti.ru.
Verified on August 11, 2011.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ 1 2 Apple has ceased to be the most expensive company in the world.
/ / Vedomosti ↑ The most expensive companies in the world: Apple, ExxonMobil, Samsung.
Business and finance on interfax.by ↑ Apple's new record: the company's capitalization has exceeded $660 billion ↑ The largest manufacturers of mobile processors will follow Apple.
Официально Officially: Apple bought Beats for $ 3 billion.
CyberSecurity.
Verified on May 29, 2014.
↑ The market value of Apple exceeded the market value of Microsoft ↑ Apple lost $17.4 billion in the earthquake in Japan ↑ 10.02.2012 :: cnews.ru:: Apple is worth more than Google and Microsoft combined ↑ 1 2 Executive Profiles and Board of Directors.
↑ 15.03.2010 The interim head of Apple received a bonus of $22 million.
↑ 1 2 3 Forstall and Browett are leaving Apple.
↑ There are 5 new names on the Apple manual page.
The CEO of Google was fired from Apple.
Jerome York, a member of the Apple Board of Directors, has died.
The head of the Apple Store will receive almost $ 70 million.
Apple Apple has become the second largest online retailer.
Бут Butman E. Retail from the first person.
How I built Apple's business in Russia.
- M.: "Mann, Ivanov and Ferber", 2013.
256 p., p. 137 .
Алексей Alexey Badaev headed Apple in Russia.
// ibusiness.ru 06.09.2010 ↑ [1], Apple will gain wholesale in Russia, Kommersant ↑ "Apples" in Runet: Apple has opened an online store in Russia:: Economics:: RosBusinessConsulting ↑ Apple iPad (Russian) (September 21, 2010).
Verified on September 21, 2010.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ Martin LaMonica.
Apple pushes Safari on Windows via iTunes updater .
CNET (March 21, 2008).
Checked on March 21, 2008.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ "Dirty Data Report Card".
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Mc McMillan R.
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↑ «Climate Counts scorecard».
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Retrieved October 7, 2011.
↑ «Environmental Group Hits Apple».
↑ 1 2 «iTox + iWaste».
Archived from the original on July 21, 2008.
Retrieved August 12, 2008.
↑ «Greenpeace Slams iPhone».
ABC News.
Retrieved November 22, 2010.
↑ 1 2 «Apple — A Greener Apple».
Archived from the original on July 25, 2008.
Retrieved August 12, 2008.
↑ Tasty news from Apple!.
Greenpeace International.
Retrieved August 12, 2008.
↑ «Apple — Environment — Update».
Apple Inc.
Archived from the original on November 22, 2010.
Retrieved November 22, 2010.
↑ «Which companies are phasing out PVC and BFRs».
Greenpeace International.
Retrieved January 13, 2011.
↑ «How the companies line up».
Greenpeace International.
Retrieved January 13, 2011.
↑ EPA Gives Apple Silver Rating on Environment The Mac Observer.
↑ EPA information should make GreenPeace red faced over Apple targeting, Ars Technica.
Retrieved January 8, 2007.
↑ 1 2 3 «Apple — Environment — Environmental Progress».
Archived from the original on November 22, 2010.
Retrieved November 22, 2010.
↑ «Apple — Mac — Green Notebooks».
Apple Inc. 2008.
Archived from the original on December 22, 2008.
Retrieved December 24, 2008.
↑ «Apple: MacBook Pro Graphics».
Archived from the original on June 2, 2007.
Retrieved June 8, 2007 ↑ «Apple — Environment — Reports».
Apple Inc ↑ «iMac and the Environment».
Apple Inc.
Archived from the original on November 29, 2010.
Retrieved November 29, 2010.
↑ «China orders Apple supplier plant closure over environmental concerns- The Inquirer mobile».
M.theinquirer.net.
Retrieved December 24, 2011.
↑ Joel Schectman (May 22, 2012).
«Apple Removes Green EPEAT Electronics Certification From Products — The CIO Report — WSJ».
Blogs.wsj.com.
Retrieved July 23, 2012.
↑ «Apple u turn as Mac maker rejoins EPEAT green registry».
BBC Online.
July 13, 2012.
Retrieved July 17, 2012.
↑ «The Stark Reality of iPod’s Chinese Factories».
Daily Mail (UK).
August 18, 2006 ↑ Musgrove, Mike (June 16, 2006).
«Sweatshop Conditions at IPod Factory Reported».
The Washington Post ↑ Kahney, Leander (June 13, 2006).
Judging Apple Sweatshop Charge.
Wired ↑ Dean (November 2, 2010).
«The Forbidden City of Terry Gou».
The Wall Street Journal (Wired).
Archivedfrom the original on November 4, 2010.
Retrieved November 13, 2010 ↑ Morphy, Ericka (January 31, 2008).
Apple, IT and the Specter of Sweatshop Labor.
Mac New World ↑ «Apple 2010 Supplier Responsibility Report» (PDF).
↑ Chen, Brian X.
(May 14, 2010).
Workers Plan to Sue iPhone Contractor Over Poisoning.
Wired ↑ «Suicides at Foxconn: Light and death».
Economist.
May 27, 2010.
Retrieved April 24, 2012.
↑ Malone, Andrew; Jones, Richard (December 6, 2010)."
Revealed: Inside the Chinese suicide sweatshop where workers toil in 34 hour shifts to make your iPod | Mail Online".
Daily Mail (London).
Retrieved October 7, 2011.
↑ Apple (February 15, 2011).
«Apple’s child labour issues worsen».
London: Telegraph.
Retrieved October 7, 2011.
↑ Workers poisoned while making iPhones ABC News, October 25, 2010 ↑ Dirty Secrets ABC Foreign Correspondent, 2010 Oct 26 ↑ Apple Supplier Accused Of Labor Abuses By China Watchdog (VIDEO) The Huffington Post.
Retrieved July 29, 2013.
↑ «Offshore Profit Shifting and the U.S. Tax Code — Part 2 (Apple Inc.)».
↑ Duhigg, Charles (April 29, 2012)[ «How Apple Sidesteps Billions in Taxes.»]
New York Times.
(Retrieved 4-20-12.)
↑ Ebrahimi, Helia (November 2, 2012).
«Foreign firms could owe UK £11bn in unpaid taxes».
Telegraph.
↑ Patent Database Search Results: AN/apple in US Patent Collection.
// patft.uspto.gov.
Verified on October 13, 2012.
Archived from the original source on October 16, 2012.
↑ Tony Bradley.
Nokia Files Patent Lawsuit Against Apple .
PCWorld (22 October 2009).
- "Nokia claims that the technologies, ranging from speech coding to security to wireless data transmission, have been used in every iPhone since the iPhone has existed" Verified on June 14, 2011.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ Tony Bradley.
Nokia Wins Patent War with Apple--You're Next, Android .
PCWorld (14 April 2011).
— "statement from Nokia says that Apple will pay a one time lump sum up front, and ongoing royalties as part of a licensing agreement between the two."
Verified June 14, 2011.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
Nokia Nokia enters into patent license agreement with Apple (English).
Nokia.
- Press release.
— "The specific terms of the contract are confidential."
Checked on June 14, 2011.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
Motorola Motorola wins Apple wireless patent fight in Germany (English).
BBC (9 December 2011).
— "A German court has ruled in Motorola Mobility's favor in a patents dispute with Apple."
Verified December 11, 2011.
Archived from the original source on February 4, 2012.
Apple Apple will pay millions for patent infringement :: Overclockers.ru
Literature
Morozov Roman Dazzling whiteness // Iron: magazine.
- 2011.
- January (No. 1).
- pp.
84-87.
Yevgenia Savchenko The Era of two Steves / / ComputerBild: magazine.
- 2011.
- October 24 (No. 24).
- pp.
22-29.
Adam Lashinsky.
Inside Apple = Inside Apple.
- Moscow: KoLibri, Abc Atticus, 2012.
- 304 p. - 10,000 copies.
— ISBN 978-5-389-03423-5.
Links
Apple on Wikimedia Commons?
Apple in Wikinews?
apple.com — official website of Apple (English) Russian version of the official website of Apple (Russian) Apple Inc — - article in Lentapedia.
2012.
Key people in the history of Apple Corporation Steve Jobs · Steve Wozniak · Mike Markkula · Jeff Raskin · Andy Herzfeld * Bill Atkinson · Susan Care · Jean Louis Gasse · Del Yocam · John Scully · Michael Spindler · Jonathan Ive · Gilles Amelio · Avetis Tevanyan · Tim Cook
Operating Systems for Macintosh Classic Mac OS (History) System 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 · System 6 · System 7 · Mac OS 7.6 · Mac OS 8 · Mac OS 9 Mac OS X (history) NeXTSTEP * Darwin · Public Beta · v10.
0 · v10.
1 · v10.
2 · v10.
3 · v10.
4 · v10.
5 · v10.
6 · v10.
7 Server OpenStep · Rhapsody · Mac OS X Server (Mac OS X Server 1.0) Other OS projects A/UX · Taligent · Newton OS · Copland · MkLinux · iOS
Apple software Operating systems topics
OS X (iOS • Apple TV OS • OS X) • A/UX • Mac OS 9 • Mac OS 8 • GS/OS • ProDOS • Apple DOS
Consumer
Mac • iLife • iTunes • iWork • AppleWorks • iPhoto • App Store
Semi professional
Final Cut Express • Logic Express
Professional
Aperture • Final Cut Studio • Logic Pro (Studio) • Shake
Built in
Address Book • Dashboard • Front Row • iChat • FaceTime • Photo • Photo Booth • QuickTime • Safari • TextEdit • Core Animation •
Server side
Apple Remote Desktop • Mac OS X Server • WebObjects • Xsan
The past
HyperCard • MacDraw • Mac OS • Sherlock• MacPaint • MacProject • MacTerminal • MacWrite
Apple Company Board of Directors
Arthur D. Levinson • James A. Bell • Tim Cook • Albert Gore • Robert Iger • Andrea Jung • Ronald D. Sugar • Susan Wagner
Equipment
Apple TV • Apple Watch • iPad • iPhone • iPod (nano • shuffle • touch) • Mac (iMac • MacBook (Air • MacBook • Pro) • mini • Pro • Xserve)
Accessories
AirPort • Cinema Display • Pro Mouse • Mighty Mouse • Magic Mouse • Time Capsule • Xserve RAID
Services and stores
Apple Developer • AppleCare • Apple Specialist • Apple Store • Certificates • Genius Bar • iTunes Store • App Store • iWork.com • MobileMe (.Mac) • One to One • ProCare • iCloud Drive
Conferences
WWDC • MacWorld
See also
Steve Wozniak • Steve Jobs • Advertising (Get a Mac • iPod • Slogans) • Braeburn Capital • FileMaker Inc.
• History (Acquisitions • Unreleased products • Litigation • Fonts)
Listing on the stock exchange: (NASDAQ: AAPL, LSE: ACP, FWB: APC • * Website: www.apple.com
The base for calculating the NASDAQ 100 index of the NASDAQ Stock Exchange
Activision Blizzard · Adobe Systems Incorporated · Akamai Technologies, Inc.
· Altera Corporation · Amazon.com, Inc.
· Amgen Inc.
· Apollo Group, Inc.
· Apple Inc.
· Applied Materials, Inc.
· Autodesk, Inc.
· Automatic Data Processing, Inc.
· Baidu.com, Inc.
· Bed Bath & Beyond Inc.
· Biogen Idec Inc · Broadcom Corporation · C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.
· CA, Inc.
· Celgene Corporation · Cephalon, Inc.
· Cerner Corporation · Check Point Software Technologies Ltd.
· Cintas Corporation · Cisco Systems, Inc.
· Citrix Systems, Inc.
· Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation · Comcast Corporation · Costco Wholesale Corporation · Dell Inc.
· DENTSPLY International Inc.
· DISH Network Corporation · eBay Inc.
· Electronic Arts Inc.
· Expedia, Inc.
· Expeditors International of Washington, Inc.
· Express Scripts, Inc.
· Fastenal Company · First Solar, Inc.
· Fiserv, Inc.
· Flextronics International Ltd.
· FLIR Systems, Inc.
· Foster Wheeler Corporation · Garmin Ltd.
· Genzyme Corporation · Gilead Sciences, Inc.
· Google Inc.
· Hansen Natural Corporation · Henry Schein, Inc.
· Hologic, Inc.
· InterActiveCorp · Illumina, Inc.
· Infosys Technologies · Intel Corporation · Intuit, Inc.
· Intuitive Surgical Inc.
· J.B. Hunt Transport Services · Joy Global Inc.
· Juniper Networks, Inc.
· KLA Tencor Corporation · Lam Research Corporation · Liberty Global, Inc.
· Liberty Media Corporation, Interactive Series A · Life Technologies Corporation · Linear Technology Corporation · Logitech International, SA · Marvell Technology Group, Ltd.
· Maxim Integrated Products · Microchip Technology Incorporated · Microsoft Corporation · Millicom International Cellular S.A. · NetApp, Inc.
· News Corporation, Ltd. · NII Holdings, Inc.
· NVIDIA Corporation · O’Reilly Automotive, Inc.
· Oracle Corporation · PACCAR Inc.
· Patterson Companies Inc.
· Paychex, Inc.
· Pharmaceutical Product Development, Inc.
· QUALCOMM Incorporated · Research in Motion Limited · Ross Stores, Inc.
· Ryanair Holdings, PLC · Seagate Technology Holdings · Sears Holdings Corporation · Sigma Aldrich Corporation · Staples, Inc.
· Starbucks Corporation · Steel Dynamics, Inc.
· Stericycle, Inc · Symantec Corporation · Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
· The DIRECTV Group, Inc.
· Urban Outfitters, Inc.
· VeriSign, Inc.
· Vertex Pharmaceuticals · Warner Chilcott, Ltd.
· Wynn Resorts Ltd.
· Xilinx, Inc.
· Yahoo!
Inc.
The base for calculating the Dow Jones Global Titans 50 index
Abbott Laboratories · Allianz · Apple · AT&T · Banco Santander · Bank of America · BHP Billiton · BNP Paribas · BP · Chevron · Cisco Systems · Coca Cola · ConocoPhillips · E.ON · Eni · Exxon Mobil · France Télécom · General Electric · GlaxoSmithKline · Google · Hewlett Packard · HSBC · IBM · Intel · Johnson & Johnson · JPMorgan Chase · Merck & Co.
· Microsoft · Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group · Nestlé · Nokia · Novartis · Oracle · PepsiCo · Petrobras · Pfizer · Philip Morris International · Procter & Gamble · Roche · Royal Dutch Shell · Samsung Electronics · Sanofi Aventis · Schlumberger · Siemens · Telefónica · Total · Toyota · Verizon Communications · Vodafone · Wal Mart
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple&oldid=75708489"
Categories: Companies listed on NASDAQ Companies alphabetically Companies founded in 1976 Apple Software Manufacturers USA Computer Manufacturers USA Companies USA Cell Phone Manufacturers
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