Solomon
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This article is about the legendary biblical king, see also Solomon (name).
This term has other meanings, see Solomon (meanings).
Solomon
others Heb .ללֹמֹה, Shlomo
King Solomon is in old age.
Engraving by Gustave Dore
3rd King of the united Kingdom of Israel
965-928 BC Predecessor: David Successor: Rehoboam and Jeroboam I (as King of the Northern Kingdom of Israel)
Religion: Judaism Birth: 1011 BC
Jerusalem Death: 928 BC (-928)
Jerusalem Birth: dynasty of David Father: King David Mother: Bathsheba Spouse: Naama Children: Rehoboam
Menelik
Solomon on Wikimedia Commons
Solomon (al. - Heb .ללֹמֹה, Shlomo; Greek.
ΣαλωμνΝ, ΣολωμώΝ in the Septuagint; Lat.
Salomon in the Vulgate; Arabic: Suleiman in the Koran) is the third Jewish king, the legendary ruler of the united kingdom of Israel in 965-928 BC, during its highest heyday.
Son of King David and Bathsheba (Bat Sheba), his co ruler in 967-965 BC.
During the reign of Solomon, the Jerusalem Temple was built in Jerusalem — the main shrine of Judaism.
Traditionally, he is considered the author of the Book of Ecclesiastes, the book of the Song of Solomon, the Book of Proverbs of Solomon, as well as some psalms[1].
Content
1 The names of Solomon 2 The Biblical Narrative 2.1 Coming to Power 2.2 Foreign policy 2.3 The end of the reign
3 Solomon in Islam 4 Symbolism 5 Image in art 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Literature 9 References
Names of Solomon[edit / edit wiki text]
The name Shlomo (Solomon) in Hebrew comes from the root "ללום "(shalom — "peace", meaning "not war"), as well as" שלם "(shalem — "perfect","whole").
Solomon is also mentioned in the Bible under a number of other names.
For example, he is called Jedidiah ("beloved of God or friend of God") — a symbolic name given to Solomon as a sign of God's favor to his father David after his deep repentance regarding his adultery with Bathsheba[2].
In the Haggadah, the names Agur, Bin, Yake, Lemuel, Itiel and Ukal are also attributed to King Solomon. [3]
The Biblical narrative[edit / edit wiki text]
King Solomon.
Armenian miniature, Bible, 1269
The Bible is the main source that is used to substantiate the historicity of the existence of Solomon as a real person.
In addition, his name is mentioned in the works of some authors of antiquity, as Josephus wrote[4].
Minus the biblical stories recorded after more than 400 years[5][to clarify] after the death of Solomon, no historical evidence of his existence has been found.
Nevertheless, he is considered to be a historical figure[6].
For this rule, the Bible has a particularly detailed factual history with many personal names and numbers.
The name of Solomon is associated mainly with the construction of the Jerusalem temple, destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar II and several cities, the construction of which was also associated with his name[7] At the same time, a completely plausible historical outline is adjacent to obvious exaggerations[8][9].
For the later periods of Jewish history, the reign of Solomon represented a kind of"golden age".
As happens in such cases, all the benefits of the world were attributed to the "sun like" king — wealth, women, a remarkable mind[10][11].
Coming to power[edit / edit wiki text]
King David intended to transfer the throne to Solomon, although he was one of his younger sons.
When David became senile, his other son, Adonijah, tried to usurp power.
He entered into a conspiracy with the high priest Abiathar and the commander of the troops Joab, and, taking advantage of David's weakness, announced himself as the successor to the throne, appointing a magnificent coronation.
Solomon's mother, Bathsheba, as well as the prophet Nathan (Nathan) notified David about this.[12]
Adonijah fled and hid in the Tabernacle, grasping "the horns of the altar" (3 Samuel 1:51), after his repentance, Solomon had mercy on him. [13]
After coming to power, Solomon dealt with other participants in the conspiracy.
Thus, Solomon temporarily removed Abiathar from the priesthood and executed Joab, who tried to hide on the run.
The executor of both executions, Benaiah, was appointed by Solomon as the new commander of the troops.
God gave Solomon the kingdom on the condition that he would not deviate from the service of God.
In exchange for this promise, God gave Solomon unprecedented wisdom and patience.
Government of Solomon
The composition of the Government formed by Solomon:
High Priests Zadok, Abiathar, Azariah;
The commander of the troops — Vanya; Minister of Taxation Adoniram;
The court chronicler is Jehoshaphat; also the scribes are Elichoreth and Ahiyah; Akhisar head of the royal administration; Head Teacher; Azaria — chief of the governors; 12 governors: Ben Hur, Ben Decker, Ben Chesed, Ben Abinadab, Baana, the son of Ahilud, Ben Geber, Ahinadab, Ahimaas, Baana, the son of Hushai, Jehoshaphat, Shimei, Geber.
Foreign policy[edit / edit wiki text]
Solomon and the Queen of Sheba in a fresco by Piero della Francesca from the Basilica of San Francesco
The basis of Solomon's prosperity was the trade route from Egypt to Damascus that passed through his possessions[10].
He was not a militant ruler, although the states of Israel and Judea united under his rule occupied a significant territory.
Solomon maintained friendly relations with the Phoenician king Hiram.
Great construction projects left him in debt to Hiram[10].
To pay off the debt, Solomon was forced to cede to him the villages in the south of his lands.
According to the biblical narrative, after learning about the wisdom and glory of Solomon, the ruler of the Sabean kingdom came to Solomon "to test him with riddles."
In response, Solomon also gave the queen a gift, giving "everything that she desired and asked for."
After this visit, according to the Bible, unprecedented prosperity began in Israel.
In a year, 666 talents of gold came to King Solomon.
Subsequently, the story of the Queen of Sheba was overgrown with numerous legends, up to the assumptions about her love affair with Solomon.
The Christian rulers of Ethiopia considered themselves descended from this connection (see Solomon's Dynasty).
It is believed that Solomon ended the half thousand year old enmity between the Jews and the Egyptians by taking the daughter of the Egyptian pharaoh as his first wife.
The end of the reign[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the Bible, Solomon had seven hundred wives and three hundred concubines (3 Samuel 11: 3), among whom there were also foreigners.
One of them, who by that time had become his beloved wife and had a great influence on the king, convinced Solomon to build a pagan altar and worship the deities of her native land.
For this, God was angry with him and promised many hardships to the people of Israel, but after the end of the reign of Solomon (because David was promised the prosperity of the country and under his son).
Thus, the entire reign of Solomon passed quite calmly.
Solomon died in the fortieth year of his reign.
According to legend, this happened at the time when he was overseeing the construction of a new altar.
To avoid a mistake (assuming that it could be a lethargic dream), his entourage did not bury him until the worms began to sharpen his staff.
Only then was he officially declared dead and buried.
The huge costs of building the temple and the palace (the latter was built twice as long as the temple) exhausted the state treasury.
Construction duty was served not only by prisoners and slaves, but also by ordinary subjects of the tsar[10].
Even during the life of Solomon, rebellions of the conquered peoples (Edomites, Arameans) began; immediately after his death, an uprising broke out, as a result of which the single state split into two kingdoms (Israel and Judea).
Solomon in Islam[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: Suleiman
According to the Quran, Suleiman (Suleiman) he was the son of the prophet David.
From his father, he learned a lot of knowledge and was chosen by Allah as a prophet, and he was given mystical power over many beings, including the jinn.
He ruled a vast kingdom that stretched to Yemen in the south.
In the Islamic tradition, Suleiman is known for his wisdom and justice.
He is considered a model ruler.
It is no coincidence that many Muslim monarchs bore his name.
The Islamic tradition has some parallels with the Haggadah, where Solomon is represented as "the wisest of men, who could speak to animals, and they obeyed him"[14].
In the Jewish tradition, there is a motif of humility of this proud king.
Symbolism[edit / edit wiki text]
Main articles: Star of David, Seal of King Solomon
The Star of Solomon
According to legend, under Solomon, the sign of his father David became the state seal.
In Islam, the six pointed star is called the star of Solomon.
At the same time, medieval mystics called the pentagram (a five pointed star) the seal of Solomon.
It is believed that the star of Solomon formed the basis of the Maltese cross of the Knights of St. John.
In occultism, the pentacle with the name "Star of Solomon" is considered to be the 12th and final star.
Due to the larger number of rays, a circle is formed in the center of the star.
Often a symbol was inscribed in it, thanks to which the pentacle helped in intellectual work and strengthened talents.
These signs were widely used in magic, alchemy, Kabbalah and other mystical teachings.
Image in art[edit / edit wiki text]
The image of king Solomon has inspired many poets and artists: for example, German poet of the XVIII century.
F.-G.
Klopstock dedicated his tragedy in verse, the artist Rubens painted "the judgement of Solomon", Handel dedicated his oratorio, and Gounod Opera.
A. I. Kuprin used the image of king Solomon and the tune of "song of Songs" in his novel "Sulamith" (1908).
In explanation of appropriate legends were removed peplum "Solomon and Sheba" (1959).
See also[edit / edit wiki text]
Solomon's Dynasty The Book of Proverbs of Solomon The Song of Solomon's Songs The Psalms of Solomon The Book of Wisdom of Solomon The Seal of King Solomon The Ring of King Solomon Solomon's Seal
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
These texts are in the mainstream of the ancient Eastern literature of wisdom (en) and have correspondences in ancient Egypt.
Probably, scribes who knew foreign languages and were familiar with the literary traditions of neighboring peoples took part in the creation of these texts.
↑ 2Car.
12:24,25 ↑ Mishlei 30, 1; 31, 1.
They are explained in Shir a shirim Rabba, 1, 1.
[1].
See also en: Agur ↑ Josephus.
About the antiquity of the Jewish people.
Against Apion.
↑ The Age of Solomon: Scholarship at the Turn of the Millenium (ed. Lowell K. Handy).
Brill Academic Publishers, 1997.
ISBN 9789004104761.
Page 49.
Sol Solomon (king of Israel) — English).
- article from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
↑ .
In the middle of the XX century, excavations in several cities of Israel found fragments of structures that began to be associated with the name of Solomon.
However, at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries, this connection was refuted.
↑ Roger S. Nam.
Portrayals of Economic Exchange in the Book of Kings.
Brill Academic Publishers, 2012.
ISBN 9789004223936.
Page 133.
↑ Megan Bishop Moore, Brad E. Kelle.
Biblical History and Israel's Past.
ISBN 9780802862600.
Page 248.
↑ 1 2 3 4 BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, King Solomon ↑ "Modern biblical criticism tend to see in the biblical description of the days of Solomon elements of idealization of this period Deuteronomistic editors, in whose eyes the reign of Solomon was the heyday of the Jewish Kingdom under the rule of the house of David" (Jewish encyclopedia, article "Solomon").
↑ 3Car.
1:10-22 ↑ However, Adonijah later broke the contract and was executed.
Соломо Solomon an article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Beyer R. King Solomon.
- Rostov on Don: Phoenix, 1998.
- 320 p.
— (A trace in history).
— ISBN 5-222-00693 X. Lukimson P. Tsar Solomon.
- M.: Molodaya gvardiya, 2012 — - 336 p — - (The life of remarkable people).
— ISBN 978-5-235-03545-4.
Tieberger F. King Solomon.
The wisest of the wise.
- Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2005.
- 366 p — - (Nomen est Omen).
— ISBN 5-9524-1582-2.
Shterenshis M. Solomon.
- Rostov on Don: Phoenix, ISRADON/IsraDon, 2012.
- 128 p.
— (A trace in history).
— ISBN 978-5-222-19227-6, 978-5-94467-089-2.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
Is Solomon in Wikicitatnik?
Is Solomon in Wikitek?
Is Solomon on Wikimedia Commons?
Solomon an article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia King Solomon The image of Solomon as a "man of peace" in the context of biblical ideas about peacemaking The Third book of Kings is the life of Solomon in the Bible.
The predecessor:
David the King of Israel
EEE 968-928 BC
Jewish Encycl.
1017-978 BC
Ehrlichman 972-932 BC
Successor:
Jeroboam I
Jerob'am the Jewish King Successor:
Rehoboam
Rehov'am
Solomon Family and Famous Relationships David · Queen of Sheba · Pharaoh's Daughter · Naama · Rehoboam · Menelik I Built The Temple of Solomon · Reservoirs of Solomon * Shamir of Solomon In Other Traditions Suleiman Writings The Book of Wisdom of Solomon · Odes of Solomon · Key of Solomon (Small · Large) * The Psalms of Solomon · The Testament of Solomon · Song of Songs · The Book of Proverbs of Solomon Related Articles The Judgment of Solomon · Solomon's Column · The Seal of King Solomon · Solomon's Knot · The Kingdom of Israel · The family of David · The Solomon Dynasty
Kings of Israel and Judah Genealogy of the Kings of Israel and Judah Pre Dynastic period Abimelech United Monarchy Saul · Jeboshei · David · Solomon · Rehoboam Israel (Northern Kingdom) Jeroboam I * Nadav · Baasa · Ila · Zambri · Ambri · Ahab (and Jezebel) · Ahaziah * Joram · Jehu · Joahaz · Joash · Jeroboam II · Zechariah · Shalum · Menachem · Phakiah · Phakah · Hosea of Judah (Southern Kingdom)
(House of David) Rehoboam · Abijah · Asa · Jehoshaphat · Joram · Ohozia · Gofolia · Joash · Amaziah · Uzziah · Jotham · Ahaz · Hezekiah · Manasseh · Amon · Josiah · Joahaz · Joachim · Jechoniah · Zedekiah Hasmonean Dynasty Simon Hasmoneus · John Hyrcanus I · Aristobulus I · Alexander Yannai · Salome Alexandra · Hyrcanus II · Aristobulus II · Hyrcanus II * Antigonus II Herod Dynasty Antipater the Edomite · Herod I the Great * Archelaus · Antipas · Herod Philip II * Salome · Herod Agrippa I · Agrippa II italics denote disputed kings or rulers who did not bear the royal title
The Biblical Prophets
Noah
Noah Ever
Ever Valaam
Adam Job
Iyov Avraham
Abraham Sarah
Sarah Isaac
Yitzhak Jacob
Yaakov Moses
Moshe Aaron
Aaron Miriam
Miriam Joshua
Yehoshua bin Nun Phineas
Pinchas
Devora
Dvora Ili
Ali Anna
Hannah Samuel
Shmuel David
David Solomon
Shlomo Gad
Gad Nathan
Nathan Ahiya the Silomlyan
Ahiya ha Shiloni
The Great Prophets: Ezekiel
Yehezkel Jeremiah
Yirmeyahu Isaiah
Yesayahu Daniel
Daniel The Lesser Prophets: Habakkuk
Havakkuk Avdiy
Ovadya Aggey
Haggai Amos
Amos Zachariah
Zharya Joel
Yoel Jonah
Jonah Malachi
Malachi Micah
Micha Naum
Nahum Hosea
Hoshea Sophonia
Tsfanya
Samey
Shmaya Ilia
Eliyahu Elisha
Elisha Oldama
Hulda
The Song of Songs of Solomon Main characters Solomon * Sulamita Reference characters Manaim • David Translators and interpreters Origen • Philo of Carpathia • Gregory of Nyssa • Hippolytus of Rome • Methodius • Francis Skarina • Konstantin the Philosopher * Mardary Khonikov • Abram Efros • Igor Diakonov • Boris Kamyanov (Baruch Avni) Toponyms Jerusalem * Tirzah (Tirzah) • The Kingdom of Israel • Lebanon • Zion • Gilead • Hermon • Carmel Architectural structures The Pillar of David • The Tower of Lebanon Related articles The Family of David • Solomon's Dynasty • Books of the Bible • Old Testament • Ktuvim • Tanakh
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solomon&oldid=75232539"
Categories: Born in 1011 BC Born in Jerusalem Died in 928 BC Died in Jerusalem Personalities alphabetically Kings of Israel Kings of Judah Tanakh:Monarchs Prophets of the Old Testament King Solomon The Book of Kings The Book of Kings Judaistic mythology
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