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The political history of France of the XX century Textbook CHAPTER I. FRANCE AT the BEGINNING of the XX CENTURY The political system and political associations Economic development The Colonial Empire Internal politics France in the system of international relations France in the First World War France after the First World War CHAPTER II.
FRANCE IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD The National Bloc in power The rule of the Left bloc of the Government of "National Unity" "Second edition" of the Left bloc The Second Coalition of "National Unity" Popular Front France on the eve of World War II CHAPTER III.
FRANCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR The beginning of the war The Surrender of France and the Vichy regime "Free France" Resistance Movement French National Liberation Committee CHAPTER IV.
The PROVISIONAL REGIME The revival of the political life of the country The activities of the Provisional Government Political development CHAPTER V.
The FOURTH REPUBLIC The rule of the coalition of the "Third Force" The center right bloc The Republican Front The Crisis of the Fourth Republic CHAPTER VI.
THE FIFTH REPUBLIC The Presidency of Charles de Gaulle The Presidency of Georges Pompidou The Presidency of Valery Giscard d'Estaing CHAPTER VII.
FRANCE AT THE END OF THE XX CENTURY The First presidency OF Francois Mitterrand The Second presidency of Francois Mitterrand The First Presidency OF Jacques Chirac LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX PRESIDENTS AND GOVERNMENTS OF FRANCE (1899-2002) THIRD REPUBLIC VICHY REGIME PROVISIONAL REGIME FOURTH REPUBLIC FIFTH REPUBLIC REFERENCES
The political history of France of the XX century Textbook CHAPTER I. FRANCE AT the BEGINNING of the XX CENTURY The political system and political associations Economic development The Colonial Empire Internal politics France in the system of international relations France in the First World War France after the First World War CHAPTER II.
FRANCE IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD The National Bloc in power The rule of the Left bloc of the Government of "National Unity" "Second edition" of the Left bloc The Second Coalition of "National Unity" Popular Front France on the eve of World War II CHAPTER III.
FRANCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR The beginning of the war The Surrender of France and the Vichy regime "Free France" Resistance Movement French National Liberation Committee CHAPTER IV.
The PROVISIONAL REGIME The revival of the political life of the country The activities of the Provisional Government Political development CHAPTER V.
The FOURTH REPUBLIC The rule of the coalition of the "Third Force" The center right bloc The Republican Front The Crisis of the Fourth Republic CHAPTER VI.
THE FIFTH REPUBLIC The Presidency of Charles de Gaulle The Presidency of Georges Pompidou The Presidency of Valery Giscard d'Estaing CHAPTER VII.
FRANCE AT THE END OF THE XX CENTURY The First presidency OF Francois Mitterrand The Second presidency of Francois Mitterrand The First Presidency OF Jacques Chirac LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX PRESIDENTS AND GOVERNMENTS OF FRANCE (1899-2002) THIRD REPUBLIC VICHY REGIME PROVISIONAL REGIME FOURTH REPUBLIC FIFTH REPUBLIC REFERENCES
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The political history of France of the XX century Marina Arzakanyan.
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The political history of France of the XX century
Poer's opponent, having collected more than 58% of the votes.
So, Gaullist Georges Pompidou became the second president of the Fifth Republic.
He defined the further political course of France with the words "continuity and dialogue" Continuity meant the continuation of the main directions in the economy and politics that developed under de Gaulle, and dialogue meant their partial change under the pressure of partners in the ruling coalition.
The main partner of the UDR was the second right wing party of the country — the National Federation of Independent Republicans, led by Valerie Giscard d'Estaing.
Pompidou appointed one of the most famous supporters of General de Gaulle, the president of the National Assembly, the reformist Jacques Chaban Delmas (June 1969 — July 1972), to the post of head of the government.
The Government of Jacques Chaban Delmas.
In September 1969, the Prime Minister presented to the National Assembly his government program, which was called "new society".
Its essence was to establish in France "contractual relations" between employees and the administration of enterprises, which were based on the so called "social coordination".
This implied the creation of a constantly functioning institution of "mutual consultations" between representatives of workers and entrepreneurs in order to avoid acute labor conflicts.
It was the principle of such consultations that distinguished "social coordination" from the usual system of collective labor contracts.
In addition, it provided for the inclusion in the discussion of not only issues about wages and working conditions, but also new elements — staff information about the progress of affairs at the enterprise, measures that "interest" workers in the growth of profits and labor productivity.
The reformist experiment of Shaban Delmas was decided to be tested in the nationalized sector, where at some enterprises (in particular, at the Renault plant), in line with the "new society" program, so called progress contracts were signed between the administration and the trade unions.
The government hoped, if successful, to make it a model for the transformation of labor relations in the country as a whole.
However, the idea of the prime minister did not receive widespread support, so it had to be abandoned.
In the economic field, the cabinet of Chaban Delmas went to some softening of dirigism and sought to give the French economy an "international and European scale".
The government provided additional benefits and subsidies to the country's largest monopolies, encouraged export industries.
The main action of the Cabinet in the social sphere was the adoption in 1970 of the law on the replacement of the interprofessional guaranteed minimum wage (SMIG) with the minimum interprofessional growing wage (SMIK).
If earlier the SMIG was established every six months a year in agreement with the trade unions and its increase often lagged behind the price increase, now the SMIC was automatically raised after the increase in prices and national income.
The retirement age in France was lowered from 65 to 63 years.
The Government has increased family benefits to low paid categories of citizens by canceling them to more affluent segments of the population.
The Cabinet of Shaban Delmas has started implementing administrative reforms with the aim of decentralization, i.e. expanding the powers of local government officials and local self government bodies.
The Government has undertaken some liberalization of State control over the mass media, for example, it has granted autonomy to the National Radio and Television Administration.
The directors of television programs were appointed directly by the administrative council of the department, which expanded access to radio and television for opposition journalists.
The innovations of the Chaban Delmas cabinet caused discontent and criticism from many more conservative minded Gaulists.
The President of the Republic himself did not approve of some of the Prime Minister's ideas.
As a result, Georges Pompidou decided to change the head of government.
He appointed an authoritarian Gaullist, Pierre Mesmer, to the post of prime minister.
The first government of Pierre Mesmer and the parliamentary elections of 1973.
Mesmer, having formed his first cabinet (July 1972 March 1973), announced that the main goal of the government would be to prepare for the next parliamentary elections scheduled for March next year.
Such a task of the Cabinet had serious grounds.
The ruling coalition was afraid of the victory of the left opposition in the elections.
Such a turn of events was quite likely, since in the early 70s there was a regrouping of the left forces in France.
In 1969, a new Socialist Party was formed on the basis of the oldest party in the country — the SFIO.
Soon it was joined by a small left wing association of the Convention of Republican Institutions, headed by Francois Mitterrand.
At the congress of the Socialist Party held in 1971, Mitterrand was elected its general secretary.
Immediately after that, the Socialists announced a course of rapprochement with the French Communist Party and the development of a joint program.
The General Secretary of the PCF, Georges Marchet, responded to such a proposal.
In June 1972, the Socialist and Communist Parties signed a joint declaration (the program of the left forces).
After a while, left wing radicals joined them.
Program
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