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Frédéric Chopin
Frédéric Chopin
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Date of birth: 01.03.1810
Date of death: 17.10.1849
Birth name: Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; Frédéric François Chopin Additional names: Frederiks Šopēns, Frederiks Francišeks Šopēns; Frederik Francois Chopin Categories: Composer, Musician Nationality: Polish Cemetery: Pere Lachaise
Person
Frederic Francois Chopin (fr. Frédéric François Chopin [ppɛ]; Polish.
Fryderyk Franciszek Szopen [ppɛn], Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin;March 1, 1810, the village of Zhelyazova Wola, near Warsaw October 17, 1849, Paris) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.
He is the author of numerous works for piano.
The largest representative of the Polish musical art.
He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poetized and dramatized dances mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work.
He enriched harmony and piano texture; combined classical form with melodic richness and imagination.
2 concertos (1829, 1830), 3 sonatas (1828-44), fantasy (1841), 4 ballads (1835-42), 4 scherzos (1832-42), impromptu, nocturnes, etudes, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, preludes and other works for piano; songs.
In his piano performance, the depth and sincerity of feelings were combined with elegance, technical perfection.
In 1830, news arrived about the outbreak of an uprising for independence in Poland.
Chopin dreams of returning to his homeland and taking part in battles.
The preparations are over, but on the way to Poland, he was caught by terrible news, the uprising was suppressed, the leader was captured.
Chopin deeply believed that his music would help his native people achieve victory.
"There will be a brilliant, powerful, independent Poland!" - so he wrote in his diary.
Origin and family
The composer's father, Nicolas Chopin (1771-1844), married a distant relative of the Skarbks, Justyna Kzhizhanovskaya (1782-1861) in 1806.
According to the surviving evidence, the composer's mother received a good education, spoke French, was extremely musical, played the piano well, had a beautiful voice.
Frederick owes his first musical impressions to his mother, a love for folk melodies instilled from infancy.
In the autumn of 1810, some time after the birth of his son, Nicolas Chopin moved to Warsaw.
At the Warsaw Lyceum, thanks to the patronage of the Skarbks, for whom he was a tutor, he received a place after the death of the teacher Pan Mahe.
Chopin was a teacher of French and German language and French literature, kept a boarding school for lyceum students.
The intelligence and sensitivity of parents united all family members with love and had a beneficial effect on the development of gifted children.
In addition to Frederick, there were three other sisters in the Chopin family: the eldest is Ludvika, married to Yendzheyevich, who was his especially close devoted friend, and the younger ones are Isabella and Emilia.
The sisters had versatile abilities, and Emilia, who died early, had an outstanding literary talent.
Childhood
Already in his childhood, Chopin showed extraordinary musical abilities.
He was surrounded by special attention and care.
Like Mozart, he impressed others with his musical "obsession", inexhaustible imagination in improvisations, and innate pianism.
His receptivity and musical impressionability manifested themselves violently and unusually.
He could cry while listening to music, jump up at night to pick up a memorized melody or chord on the piano.
In its January 1818 issue, one of the Warsaw newspapers published a few lines about the first musical piece composed by the composer, who was still in elementary school.
"The author of this "Polonaise" - the newspaper wrote — is a student who has not yet turned 8 years old.
This is a real genius of music, with the greatest ease and exceptional taste.
He performs the most difficult piano pieces and composes dances and variations that delight connoisseurs and connoisseurs.
If this child prodigy had been born in France or Germany, he would have attracted more attention."
Young Chopin was taught music, placing great hopes on him.
The pianist Wojciech Zhivny (1756-1842), a Czech by birth, began studying with a 9 year old boy.
The classes were serious, despite the fact that Chopin, in addition, studied at one of the Warsaw schools.
Wojciech Zivny was the sixth mentor of Chopin pofortepiano.
The boy's performing talent developed so quickly that by the age of twelve Chopin was not inferior to the best Polish pianists.
Zhivny refused to study with the young virtuoso, saying that he could not teach him anything more.
Youth
After graduating from college and completing seven years of classes with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Josef Elsner.
The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the Princes Chetvertinsky introduced Chopin into high society, which was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners.
Here is what Franz Liszt said about this: "The overall impression of his personality was quite calm, harmonious and, it seemed, did not require additions in any comments.
Chopin's blue eyes shone with more intelligence than they were tinged with thoughtfulness; his soft and subtle smile never turned into a bitter or sarcastic one.
The subtlety and transparency of his complexion attracted everyone; he had curly blond hair, a slightly rounded nose; he was of small stature, fragile, thin build.
His manners were refined, varied; his voice was a little tired, often deaf.
His manners were full of such decency, there was such a stamp of blood aristocracy in them that he was involuntarily met and accepted as a prince…
Chopin introduced into society that evenness of disposition of people who are not bothered by worries, who do not know the word "boredom", are not attached to any interests.
Chopin was usually cheerful; his sharp mind quickly found the funny even in such manifestations that not everyone catches the eye."
Trips to Berlin, Dresden, Prague, where he attended concerts of outstanding musicians, contributed to his development
Artistic activity The Ostrogski Palace is the location of the Warsaw Chopin Museum.
Since 1829, Chopin's artistic activity begins.
He performs in Vienna, Krakow, performing his works.
Returning to Warsaw, he left it forever on November 5, 1830.
This separation from his homeland was the cause of his constant hidden grief homesickness.
To this was added at the end of the thirties the love for George Sand, which gave him more grief than happiness.
After passing Dresden, Vienna, Munich, he moved to Paris in 1831.
On the way, Chopin wrote a diary (the so called "Stuttgart diary"), reflecting his state of mind during his stay in Stuttgart, where he was overcome by despair over the collapse of the Polish Uprising.
During this period, Chopin wrote his famous "Revolutionary Etude".
Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22.
The success was complete.
Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely quickly.
There were composers who did not recognize his talent, for example, Kalkbrenner and John Field, but this did not prevent Chopin from gaining many loyal fans both in artistic circles and in society.
The love of teaching music and piano was a distinctive feature of Chopin, one of the few great artists who devoted a lot of time to this.
In 1837, Chopin felt the first attack of lung disease.
The connection with George Sand coincides with this time.
Staying in Majorca with George Sand had a negative impact on Chopin's health, he suffered from asthma attacks there.
Nevertheless, many of the greatest works, including 24 preludes, were created in Majorca.
But he spent a lot of time in the countryside in France, where George Sand had a Manet estate.
Ten years of cohabitation with George Sand, full of moral trials, greatly undermined Chopin's health, and the break with her in 1847, in addition to causing him completely unnecessary stress, deprived him of the opportunity to relax in Noana.
Wanting to leave Paris to change the situation and expand his circle of acquaintances, Chopin went to London in April 1848 to give concerts and teach.
This turned out to be his last trip.
Success, a nervous, stressful life, the damp British climate, and most importantly, a periodically aggravated chronic lung disease all this finally undermined his strength.
After returning to Paris, Chopin died on October 5 (17), 1849.
The entire musical world deeply mourned Chopin.
Thousands of fans of his work gathered at his funeral.
According to the desire of the deceased, at his funeral, the most famous artists of that time performed the "Requiem" of Mozart — a composer whom Chopin ranked above all others (and his "Requiem" and the symphony "Jupiter" called his favorite works).
In the Pere Lachaise Cemetery, Chopin's ashes rest between the graves of Cherubini iBellini.
Chopin's heart was, according to his will, sent to Warsaw, where it was immured in the column of the Church of the Holy Cross.
Creation
Portrait of Chopin by Eugene Delacroix, 1838 Chopin, 1849.
This is his last lifetime photograph
Never before or after Chopin, a musical genius of this level was born in his homeland, Poland.
His work is almost entirely pianistic.
Although Chopin's rare compositional gift could have made him a remarkable symphonist, his delicate, reserved nature was content with the limits of the chamber genre — except, of course, for his two wonderful piano concertos.
In polonaises, ballads, Chopin tells about his country, Poland, about the beauty of its landscapes and the tragic past.
In these works, he uses the best features of the folk epic.
At the same time, Chopin is exceptionally original.
His music is distinguished by bold depiction and does not suffer from whimsicality anywhere.
After Beethoven, classicism gave way to local romanticism, and Chopin became one of the main representatives of this trend in music.
If there is a reflection somewhere in his work, it is probably in the sonatas, which does not prevent them from being high examples of the genre.
Chopin often reaches the heights of tragedy, as, for example, in the funeral march in the sonata op.
35, or appears as a wonderful lyricist, as, for example, in adagio from the second piano concerto.
Among the best works of Chopin are etudes: in them, in addition to technical exercises, which were the main and almost the only goal of this genre before Chopin, an amazing poetic world is revealed to the listener.
These Studies are distinguished by a youthful impetuous freshness, as, for example, a study of ges dur, then by drama (studies f moll, c moll).
They have wonderful melodic and harmonic beauties.
The cis moll etude reaches Beethoven's heights of tragedy.
The most intimate, "autobiographical" genre in Chopin's work is his waltzes.
According to the Russian musicologist Izabella Khitrik, the connection between Chopin's real life and his waltzes is extremely close, and the totality of the composer's waltzes can be considered as a kind of "lyrical diary" of Chopin.
Chopin was distinguished by his restraint and isolation, so his personality is revealed only to those who know his music well.
Many famous artists and writers of that time worshiped Chopin: composers Franz Liszt, Robert Schumann, Felix Mendelssohn, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, Hector Berlioz, singer Adolf Nurri, poets Heinrich Heine and Adam Mickiewicz, artist Eugene Delacroix, journalist Agathon Giller and many others.
Chopin also met professional opposition to his creative credo: for example, one of his main lifelong competitors, Sigismund Thalberg, according to legend, went out into the street after a Chopin concert, shouted loudly and answered his companion's bewilderment: there was only one piano all evening, so now you need at least a little forte.
Memory
Postage stamp of the USSR, 1960
Chopin is one of the main composers in the repertoire of many pianists.
Recordings of his works appear in the catalogs of major record companies.
Since 1927, the International Chopin Piano Competition has been held in Warsaw.
Among its winners were outstanding pianists Lev Oborin, Yakov Zak, Bella Davidovich, Galina Cherny Stefanska, Maurizio Pollini, Marta Argerich.
In 1934, the Chopin University was founded in Warsaw, which was later transformed into the Chopin Society.
Chopin.
The society has repeatedly published Chopin's works and articles about his work.
In 1949-1962, the Polish musicologist Ludwik Bronarski published the complete works of Chopin — " Fr. Chopin, Dzieła wszystkie», PWM, Kraków.
A crater on Mercury is named after Chopin.
In 1960, a postage stamp of the USSR dedicated to Chopin was issued.
In 2001, Okentse Airport/Okenche (Warsaw) was named after Frederick Chopin.
On March 1, 2010, the most modern and amazing biographical museum in the world — the Fryderyk Chopin Museum — was opened in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, after reconstruction and modernization.
This event is timed to the 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous Polish composer and musician.
By the resolution of the Sejm of the Polish Republic, 2010 was declared the Year of Chopin.
On December 2, 2010, the Embassy of Poland opened a concert hall named after Frederick Chopin in honor of the Year of Chopin at the Kazakh National University of Arts.
For piano with an ensemble or with an orchestra
Trio for piano, violin and cello op, 8 g moll (1829) Sonata for cello op.
65 g moll (1845-1846) " Variations on a theme from the opera "Don Juan" op.
2 B dur (1827) Rondo a la Krakowiak Op. 14 (1828)
"A great fantasy on Polish themes" Op. 13 (1829-1830) Piano Concerto Op. 21 f moll (1829) Piano Concerto Op. 11 e moll (1830) "A large brilliant polonaise preceded by" Andante spianato " Op. 22 (1830-1834) Polonaise for cello Op. 3
Mazurkas (about 69)
Op. 6 fis moll, cis moll, E dur, es moll (1830) Op. 7 B dur, a moll, f moll, As dur, C dur (1830—1831) Op. 17 B dur, e moll, As dur (1832—1833) Op. 30 c moll, h moll, Des dur, cis mol (1836—1837) Op. 33 gis moll, D dur, C dur, h moll (1837—1838) Op. 50 G dur, As dur, cis moll (1841—1842) Op. 56 H dur, C dur, c moll (1843) Op. 59 a moll, As dur, fis moll (1845) Op. 63 H dur, f moll, cis moll (1846) Op. 67 № 4 a moll 1846 (1848?)
Op. 68 № 4 f moll (1849)
Source: wikipedia.org
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Connections Name Relationship Date of birth Date of death Description 1 Nicolas Chopin father 15.04.1771 03.05.1844 2 Tekla Justyna Chopin mother 14.09.1782 01.10.1861 3 Emilia Chopin sister 09.11.1812 10.04.1827 4 Jakub Krzyżanowski grandfather 00.00.1729 29.10.1805 5 George Sand common law wife 01.07.1804 08.06.1876 6 Stefan Witwicki friend 13.09.1801 15.04.1847 7 Napoleon Horde friend 11.02.1807 26.04.1883 8 Tytus Woyciechowski friend 31.12.1808 23.03.1879 9 Leonard Rettel acquaintance 06.11.1811 21.03.1885 10 Vojtěch Živný teacher, teacher 13.05.1756 21.02.1842 11 Jozef Elsner teacher, teacher 01.06.1769 18.04.1854 12 Karol Mikuli student 20.10.1819 21.05.1897 13 Delfina Potocka student 00.00.1807 02.04.1877
Events
24.02.1818 | W Pałacu Radziwiłłów w Warszawie (obecnie Pałac Prezydencki) odbył się pierwszy publiczny koncert 8 letniego Fryderyka Chopina
Add comments + Read more 24.02.1818 | Pierwszy publiczny koncert Chopina W Pałacu Radziwiłłów w Warszawie (obecnie Pałac Prezydencki) odbył się pierwszy publiczny koncert 8 letniego Fryderyka Chopina.
Add comments + Read more 17.03.1830 | W Teatrze Wielkim w Warszawie odbył się pierwszy biletowany koncert Fryderyka Chopina.
Add comments + Read more 26.02.1832 | Odbył się pierwszy paryski koncert Fryderyka Chopina.
Add comments + Read more 13.08.1976 | International Day of Left handers
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