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George Washington Biographies / Famous Namesakes / Names / Surnames / Patronymic names / First Name / Middle Name / Tests/ Events / Home George Washington is an American statesman and military figure, the first president of the United States.
en] (1789-1897), commander of the colonist army during the American Revolution, chairman of the Constitutional Convention (1787).
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, on the plantation of Pops Creek, Westmoreland County, in Virginia.
The son of a rich slave planter, George lost his father at the age of 11 and his older half brother Lawrence had a significant influence on the formation of his personality.
Having received a home education, education is a process of personal development and self development associated with mastering the socially significant experience of humanity, embodied in knowledge, skills, creative activity and emotional value attitude to the world; a necessary condition for the preservation and development of material and spiritual culture.
The main way to get an education is training and self — education., Washington spent a lot of time on self education.
As a slave owner, he did not approve of the institution of slavery, but considered the liberation of slaves a matter of the distant future.
From 1749, George served as a surveyor in Culpepper County.
After the death of his brother (1752), he inherited the large Mount Vernon estate with 18 slaves, slavery is historically the first and most brutal form of exploitation, in which a slave, along with the tools of production, is the property of his master — a slave owner.
It formed the basis of the slave owning system.
In subsequent epochs, the most extensive size and economic importance acquired in the 17th and early 19th centuries in the colonies on the American continent, where slaves were imported from Africa to work on plantations.
Mostly abolished throughout the 19th century., and also with the rank of major became the commander of one of the four districts of the Virginia militia.
Washington took part in the activities of the Ohio Company, which sought to take possession of land west of the Appalachian Mountains in the Ohio River Valley.
In 1755, he participated in an unsuccessful expedition of Virginia colonists to the French Fort Duquesne in Ohio.
With the outbreak of the Seven Years ' War in 1756, George Washington, with the rank of colonel, led the detachments of the Virginia militia, who were given the protection of the western border of the colony.
In 1759, he retired and in the same year married the wealthy widow Martha Dandridge Custis (1731-1802).
In 1758-1774, Washington was elected to the House of Citizens of Virginia, at one time he served as a judge of Fairfax County.
As a plantation owner, a plantation (from the Latin plantatio — planting of plants) is a large agricultural enterprise specializing in the cultivation of technical and food crops (mainly tropical and subtropical).
It was especially common in colonial and dependent countries. (by 1760, he had 49 slaves at his disposal)
, he was convinced by his own experience of the unreasonableness of the colonial policy of Great Britain, Great Britain (Great Britain) — Britain, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), a state in the north — west of Europe, on the British Isles (the largest is the Island of Great Britain), the north eastern part of the Island of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Channel Islands and other small islands.
It is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Pas de Calais Straits.
The area is 244.11 thousand km2.
The population is 60.7 million people (2007).
The capital is London., its desire to limit the development of trade and industry in the colonies.
Washington criticized the actions of the colonial authorities, promoted the boycott of British goods, but disapproved of violent excesses like the "Boston Tea Party" (1773).
In 1774-1775, he was one of the representatives of Virginia at the Continental Congresses.
Convinced of the futility of trying to reach a mutually acceptable agreement between the colonies and the mother country, George Washington, after the first clashes of the colonists with British soldiers, defiantly put on a military uniform.
On June 15, 1775, Congress elected him commander of the Continental Army, which he led throughout the War of Independence in North America (1775-1783).
Washington's election was due to his combat experience and the fact that he, as a compromise figure, enjoyed the support of Virginia and Massachusetts.
As commander, Washington showed high moral qualities, courage, perseverance, talent as a commander and organizer.
Having created an Armyarmia (from the Latin armo — arming):
1) A generalized concept for denoting the totality of the armed forces of a state.
2) The land part of the armed forces of the state, in contrast to the air force, naval forces and other branches of the armed forces.
3) An operational association designed to perform operational tasks.
It can consist of several connections, separate parts.
Depending on the type of the armed forces, there are combined — arms armies (in a number of states field), tank armies, air forces and air defense armies (air armies, air defense armies), missile and others.
from militias, he passed a long and difficult path of defeats and victories of the siege of Boston (1776), for which he was awarded the congressional gold medal commemorative, before the surrender of British troops at Yorktown (1781).
Congress has repeatedly provided the commander of the army wide, even dictatorial powers, but every time Washington had these powers very sparingly, without encroaching on the rule of power of Congresgangers (English congress — Congress) — in a General sense, a Congress, meeting, usually of an international character.
The Congress is the proper name of the bicameral parliament in the United States, Paraguay, and a number of other states.
The lower house of the Spanish Parliament is called the Congress of Deputies.
The term "congress" is also used in the names of political parties (Indian National Congress), the highest bodies of international organizations..
During the war, spent the Continental army, almost all of his state refused to pay for the war.
Washington D. was popular among the masses, the struggle which led to the triumph of revolutionalize (from late Latin revolutio — turning, flipping) — a deep qualitative changes in the development of any phenomena of nature, society or knowledge (e.g., social revolution, and geological, industrial, scientific and technological, cultural revolution, the revolution in physics, philosophy, etc.)..
At the end of the war, a group of officers of the Continental army organized a conspiracy and invited Washington to become a monarch, but he rejected the offer.
In November 1783, after the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty, the commander resigned all his powers and resigned.
After the end of the war, the war is a socio political phenomenon associated with a radical change in the nature of relations between states and nations and the transition of the warring parties from the use of non violent forms and methods of struggle (resolving contradictions) to the direct use of weapons and other violent means to achieve certain political and economic goals.
In its inner essence, war is a continuation of the policy of States and their ruling elites by means of armed violence.
he returned to Mount Vernon, took up the management of the plantation, but remained in the focus of public and political attention.
In 1786-1787, Washington led the troops that suppressed the farmers ' revolt under the leadership of Daniel Shays.
A supporter of strengthening the central government, Washington was elected chairman of the Constitutional Convention (1787), which developed the text of the Constitution (from the Latin constitutio — device) — the basic law of the state, a legal act that proclaims and guarantees the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, defines the foundations of the social system, the form of government and territorial structure, the foundations of the organization of central and local authorities, their competence and relationships, state symbols and the capital.
The Constitution is the basis of all current legislation.
In a formal sense, the constitution is a law or a group of laws that have the highest legal force.
The United States of America, which is still in force with some changes.
Thanks to his efforts, Virginia ratified the Constitution of 1787.
Washington's popularity and authority led to his election to the post of president of the country, which he took on April 30, 1789.
In 1792, he was re elected for a new four year term.
As president, George Washington sought to establish in the political politika (Greek politika — state or public affairs, from polis the state) - a sphere of activity related to relations between social groups, the essence of which is to determine the forms, tasks, and content of the state's activities.
They distinguish between foreign and domestic policy.
Domestic policy covers the main areas of activity of the state, parties (economic, social, cultural, technical policy, etc.).
Foreign policy covers the sphere of relations between states.
he implemented the provisions of the constitution, promoted the creation of state administration bodies, tried to find an optimal balance in the system of functioning of various branches of government, laid the foundations of the political structure of the United States.
Washington formed its first government trying to balance a variety of political and personal interests.
Although he was a supporter of a strong central government, the leaders of opposing political groups — the federalist Alexander Hamilton and the supporter of "states ' rights" Thomas Jefferson were invited to lead roles in the federal government.
The president himself tried to play the role of a non party leader.
Thus, the foundations of a two party political system were laid in the United States.
In the struggle of the parties, Hamilton won the upper hand, who, with the support of the president, began to implement measures to streamline financial policy and a program for the development of the country along the industrial path.
The president's support for the Federalist line led to an aggravation of the domestic political situation, since it led to an increase in discontent at the state level.
During the presidency of George Washington, an active process of land development west of the Appalachians unfolded.
The president resolutely suppressed the resistance of the Indians by military force, forcing the indigenous population to cede many territories.
In 1794, a Liquor riot broke out in Western Pennsylvania, caused by the reluctance of farmers to pay taxes — mandatory payments levied by the state (central and local authorities) from individuals and legal entities to state and local budgets.
Taxes are one of the forms of financial relations that ensure the distribution and redistribution of national income in accordance with economic and social objectives.
for whiskey.
Washington did not hesitate to suppress this speech by armed means, demonstrating the strength of the federal government.
At the same time, after the trial, the leaders of the uprising were pardoned by him.
In the sphere of foreign policy, Washington advocated non interference of the United States in the confrontation of European powers.
The American president welcomed the beginning of the Great French Revolution, but its development along the path of mass Terrorterrorism (terror) (from the French terreur fear, horror): 1) The term came into use at the end of the 18th century to refer to the repressive policy pursued by the Jacobins during the Great French Revolution.
Subsequently, terrorism has acquired a universal meaning and is used to refer to motivated violence with political goals.
2) The systematic use of terror, which manifests itself as violence, intimidation in order to generate fear.
3) A method used by governments to manipulate public opinion by promoting their interests.
and the civil war caused his condemnation.
After the outbreak of the war of the revolutionary Francyfrance (France) — the French Republic (Republique Francaise), a state in Western Europe.
It is washed from the west and north by the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel, from the south by the Mediterranean Sea.
It borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Andorra.
The English Channel (under which a tunnel is currently dug) and the Pas de Calais Border with Great Britain passes through the Straits.
The Principality of Monaco is located in the south of the country.
The area is 551 km2.
The population of France in 2007 was 63.7 million people, which put France on the 20th place in the world and the 4th place in Europe in terms of population.
The capital is Paris.
The largest cities of the country are Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse and Nice.
with the coalition of European monarchs (1793), Washington refused to fulfill its allied obligations under the American French treaty of 1778 and issued a special proclamation of neutrality.
In November 1794, the Jay Treaty was signed with Great Britain, which relieved tension in relations between the two countries.
This agreement caused a wave of criticism in the United States for excessive concessions to the former metropolis.
More favorable was the attitude to the Treaty of Pinckney (1795), which established the borders between the United States and the Spanish possessions and granted Americans freedom of navigation on the Mississippi.
A kind of testament of Washington was the "Farewell Address" (Farewell Address), published on September 19, 1796.
In it, the outgoing president called on his fellow citizens to strengthen the union of the states, not to undermine the foundations of the constitution and the state system, and to avoid "the destructive influence of the party spirit."
Washington also bequeathed to "maintain peace and harmony with all countries", to develop trade relations with them, but to have "as few political ties as possible".
This provision became the basis of the principle of isolationism, which determined the contours of US foreign policy until the middle of the 20th century.
By refusing to run for president for the third time, Washington gave rise to the tradition that US presidents hold office for no more than two consecutive terms.
Being a supporter of the gradual abolition of slavery, he bequeathed a will — an order regarding his property in the event of death, made in the form prescribed by law (notarial or equivalent to it).
Under Russian law, a citizen can bequeath all or part of his property to one or more persons, regardless of whether they are among his heirs by law, as well as legal entities or the state.
The testator may deprive one, several or all heirs of the right to inherit by law (with the exception of persons entitled to a mandatory share).
free all the slaves who belonged to him personally.
The last years of the president's life were spent in Mount Vernon with his family and numerous visitors.
His authority (from the Latin auctoritas — power, influence) is the generally recognized influence of a person or organization in various spheres of public life, based on knowledge, moral virtues, experience; in a narrow sense, it is one of the forms of exercising power.
it was in demand during the period of aggravation of relations with
France in the summer of 1798, when Washington was again appointed commander of the American army with the rank of lieutenant General.
On December 12, 1799, while making a detour on horseback of his possessions, Washington was caught in rain and snow and caught a severe cold, which caused his death.
George Washington died on December 14, 1799 in Virginia.
On December 18, he was buried at Mount Vernon.
The author of the funeral resolution of the Congress, General Henry Lee, described Washington as " the first in the days of war, the first in the days of peace and the first in the hearts of fellow citizens."
The name of the first president of the United States is borne by the country's capital, state, lake and island, mountain and canyon, many settlements, colleges and universities, streets and squares.
In 1888, the Monument Monument (from the Latin monumentum) was opened in the US capital — a monument of considerable size, suggesting a large scale, ensemble artistic solution.
George Washington (169 meter stele).
His portrait is depicted on a one dollar bill.
One of the greatest figures of American history, he is recognized in the United States as the "father of his country" (father of his country). (Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius)
See other famous men of history named George.
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