Doctor Zhivago
Material from Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Go to: navigation, Search
Check the neutrality.
There should be details on the discussion page.
This term has other meanings, see Doctor Zhivago (meanings).
Doctor Zhivago
cover of the first edition of 1957 Genre: Novel
Author: Boris Pasternak
Original language: Russian
Date of writing: 1945-1955
Date of first publication: November 23, 1957
Publishing house: Pantheon Books[d]
Doctor Zhivago is a novel by Boris Pasternak.
"Doctor Zhivago" was created by him for ten years, from 1945 to 1955, and is the pinnacle of his work as a prose writer[source not specified 19 days].
The novel is accompanied by poems of the main character — Yuri Andreevich Zhivago.
Drawing a broad canvas of the life of the Russian intelligentsia against the background of the dramatic period from the beginning of the century to the Great Patriotic War, through the prism of the biography of the doctor poet, the book touches on the mystery of life and death, the problems of Russian history, the intelligentsia and the revolution, Christianity, Jewry.
The book was negatively received by the Soviet official literary environment and banned from publication because of the author's ambiguous position in relation to the October Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent life of the country.
Content
1 Main Characters 2 Plot 3 Interpretation 4 Prototype of Doctor Zhivago 5 Publication history and evaluation 5.1 First Editions 5.2 Nobel Prize 5.3 Open Letter in the journal "New World" 5.4 Criticism
6 Bullying 7 Facts 8 Film Adaptations 9 Dramatizations 10 Literature 11 Notes 12 References
The main characters[edit / edit wiki text]
Yuri Andreevich Zhivago — doctor, the main character of the novel Antonina Aleksandrovna Zhivago (Gromeko) — Yuri's wife Larisa Fedorovna Antipova (Gishar) — Antipov's wife Pavel Pavlovich Antipov (Strelnikov) — Lara's husband, revolutionary commissar Alexander Alexandrovich and Anna Ivanovna Gromeko — Antonina's parents Yevgraf Andreevich Zhivago — Major General, Yuri's half — brother Nikolai Nikolaevich Vedenyapin — Yuri Andreevich's uncle Viktor Ippolitovich Komarovsky — Moscow lawyer Katenka Antipova — Larisa's daughter Mikhail Gordon and Innokenty Dudorov — Yuri's classmates at the gymnasium Osip Gimazetdinovich Galiullin — white general Anfim Efimovich Samdevyatov — lawyer, Bolshevik Liveriy Averkievich Mikulitsyn (Comrade of the Forest)
— leader of the "Forest Brothers" Marina — Yuri's third common — law wife Kiprian Savelyevich Tiverzin and Pavel Ferapontovich Antipov — employees of the Brest Railway, political prisoners Maria Nikolaevna Zhivago (Vedenyapina) — mother of Yuri Prov Afanasyevich Sokolov — psalmist Shura Schlesinger — friend of Antonina Alexandrovna Marfa Gavrilovna Tiverzina — mother of Kipriyan Savelyevich Tiverzina Sofia Malakhova friend of Savely Markel janitor in the old house of the Zhivago family, Marina's father
Plot[edit / edit wiki text]
In another language section there is a more complete article Doctor Zhivago (novel) (English)
You can help the project by expanding the current article with the help of translation.
The main character of the novel, Yuri Zhivago, appears to the reader as a little boy on the first pages of the work describing the funeral of his mother: "They went and went and sang "Eternal memory" ...".
Yura is a descendant of a rich family that has made a fortune in industrial, commercial and banking operations.
The marriage of the parents was not happy: the father left the family before the death of his mother.
The orphaned Yura will be sheltered for some time by an uncle living in the south of Russia.
Then numerous relatives and friends will send him to Moscow, where he will be accepted as a native into the family of Alexander and Anna Gromeko.
Yuri's exclusivity becomes obvious quite early — even as a young man, he shows himself as a talented poet.
But at the same time, he decides to follow in the footsteps of his adoptive father Alexander Gromeko and enters the medical department of the university, where he also shows himself as a talented doctor.
The first love, and later the wife of Yuri Zhivago, becomes the daughter of his benefactors — Tonya Gromeko.
Yuri and Tony had two children, but then fate separated them forever, and the doctor never saw his youngest daughter, who was born after the separation.
"Doctor Zhivago"was written at this table in Peredelkin
At the beginning of the novel, new faces constantly appear before the reader.
All of them will be connected in a single tangle by the further course of the narrative.
One of them is Larisa, a slave of the elderly lawyer Komarovsky, who tries and cannot escape from the captivity of his "patronage"with all her might.
Lara has a childhood friend Pavel Antipov, who will later become her husband, and Lara will see her salvation in him.
After getting married, he and Antipov cannot find their happiness, Pavel will leave his family and go to the front of the First World War.
Subsequently, he would become a formidable revolutionary commissar, changing his name to Strelnikov.
After the end of the Civil War, he plans to reunite with his family, but this desire will never come true.
Yuri Zhivago and Lara are brought together by fate in different ways during the First World War in the frontline settlement of Melyuzeevo, where the main character of the work is called to war as a military doctor, and Antipova is a volunteer nurse, trying to find her missing husband Pavel.
Subsequently, the lives of Zhivago and Lara again intersect in the provincial Yuryatin on Rynva (a fictional Ural city, the prototype of which was Perm), where they vainly seek refuge from the revolution that destroys everything and everything.
Yuri and Larisa will meet and fall in love with each other.
But soon, poverty, hunger and repression will separate both Dr. Zhivago's family and Larina's family.
For a year and a half Zhivago will disappear in Siberia, serving as a military doctor in captivity of the Red partisans.
Having escaped, he will return on foot back to the Urals — to Yuryatin, where he will meet Lara again.
His wife Tonya, together with her children and Yuri's father in law, while in Moscow, writes about the imminent forced expulsion abroad.
Hoping to wait out the winter and the horrors of the Yuryatinsky Revolutionary Military Council, Yuri and Lara take refuge in the abandoned Varykino estate.
Soon an unexpected guest comes to them — Komarovsky, who has received an invitation to head the Ministry of Justice in the Far Eastern Republic, proclaimed on the territory of Transbaikalia and the Russian Far East.
He persuades Yuri Andreevich to let Lara and her daughter go with him to the east, promising to send them then abroad.
Yuri Andreevich agrees, realizing that he will never see them again.
Gradually, he begins to go crazy from loneliness.
Soon, Lara's husband Pavel Antipov (Strelnikov) comes to Varykino.
Demoted and wandering through the expanses of Siberia, he tells Yuri Andreevich about his participation in the revolution, about Lenin, about the ideals of Soviet power, but after learning from Yuri Andreevich that Lara loved and loves him all this time, he understands how bitterly he was mistaken.
Strelnikov commits suicide with a rifle shot.
After Strelnikov's suicide, the doctor returns to Moscow in the hope of fighting for his future life.
There he meets his last woman — Marina, the daughter of the former (still under tsarist Russia) Zhivagovsky janitor Markel.
In a civil marriage with Marina, they have two girls.
Yuri gradually descends, abandons scientific and literary activities and, even realizing his fall, can do nothing about it.
One morning, on the way to work, he becomes ill on the tram, and he dies of a heart attack in the center of Moscow.
His half brother Yevgraf and Lara, who will soon go missing, come to say goodbye to him at his coffin.
Ahead will be the Second World War, the Kursk Bulge, and the laundress Tanya, who will tell the gray — haired childhood friends of Yuri Andreevich Innokenty Dudorov and Mikhail Gordon, who survived the Gulag, arrests and repressions of the late 30s, the story of her life; it turns out that this is the illegitimate daughter of Yuri and Lara, and Yuri's brother Major General Yevgraf Zhivago will take her under his care.
He will also make a collection of Yuri's works — a notebook that Dudorov and Gordon read in the last scene of the novel.
The novel ends with 25 poems by Yuri Zhivago.
Interpretation[edit / edit wiki text]
According to the biographer and researcher of Pasternak's work, writer Dmitry Bykov, the plot of the symbolist novel was Pasternak's own life, but not really lived by him, but the one he would like to see it.
Yuri Zhivago, according to this interpretation, is the personification of Russian Christianity, the main features of which Pasternak saw — sacrifice and generosity.
The literary critic associates the image of Lara with Russia, an eternally restless fatal country that combines an inability to live with an amazing dexterity in everyday life.
The author of the 500 page novel imperceptibly leads the reader to the idea that it is not a person who serves the epoch, but on the contrary — the epoch unfolds so that a person realizes himself with the greatest expressiveness and freedom.[1]
The beginning of work on the novel coincided with the completion of Pasternak's translation of Shakespeare's Hamlet.
February 1946 is the date of the first version of the poem "Hamlet", which opens"The Notebook of Yuri Zhivago".
The prototype of Doctor Zhivago[edit / edit wiki text]
Academician D. S. Likhachev[2] wrote about the novel "Doctor Zhivago" as about
"an autobiography in which there are surprisingly no external facts that coincide with the real life of the author.
And yet the author (Pasternak) as if he writes for another about himself.
This is Pasternak's spiritual autobiography, written by him with the utmost frankness."
Other literary critics have also written about the autographic nature of the work[3].
Olga Ivinskaya testifies that the very name "Zhivago" arose in Pasternak when he accidentally came across a round cast iron tile with the" autograph "of the manufacturer — "Zhivago" ... and decided that let him be like this, an unknown, who came either from a merchant, or from a semi intellectual environment; this person will be his literary hero."
About the prototype of Dr. Zhivago, Pasternak himself reports the following:
"I am currently writing a big novel in prose about a man who makes up some resultant between Blok and me (and Mayakovsky, and Yesenin, perhaps).
He will die in 1929.
He will be left with a book of poems, which makes up one of the chapters of the second part.
The time embraced by the novel — 1903-1945.
In spirit, this is a cross between the Karamazovs and Wilhelm Meister."
- from a letter from Boris Pasternak to his correspondent, March 1947[4]
The real person who was the prototype of Doctor Zhivago was probably the doctor Dmitry Dmitrievich Avdeev, the son of a merchant of the second guild, whom Pasternak met during the evacuation to Chistopol, where the writer lived from October 1941 to June 1943.
It was in the doctor's apartment that the writers held creative evenings (by the way, it was called the "branch of the Moscow Writers 'Club").
And when Pasternak was looking for a title for his most significant work in 1947, he remembered a Chistopol acquaintance of Dr. Avdeev — and the novel was called "Doctor Zhivago".
Pasternak corresponded with the sons of D. D. Avdeev even after returning to Moscow.
Publication history and rating[edit / edit wiki text]
First editions[edit / edit wiki text]
Pasternak's house in Peredelkino, where the writer worked on the novel
In April 1954, a selection of poems was published in the magazine" Znamya "under the general title "Poems from the prose novel"Doctor Zhivago"".
Anticipating it, the author wrote that the poems were found among the papers of the hero of the novel doctor Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, The publication included 10 (March, White Night, Spring Thaw, Explanation, Summer in the city, Wind, Hops, Wedding, Separation, Date) of 25 poems that made up "the last, final chapter of the novel".
At the same time, B. L. Pasternak, who doubted the possibility of publishing the novel in his lifetime, especially noted in a letter to his sister O. M. Freudenberg that "... the words "Doctor Zhivago" are stamped on a modern page"[5].
On December 10, 1955, Pasternak wrote to V. T. Shalamov: "...I finished the novel, fulfilled the duty bequeathed by God, but nothing has changed around " [6].
In the spring of 1956, B. L. Pasternak offered the manuscript of the newly completed novel to two leading literary and artistic magazines "Novy Mir" and "Znamya" and the almanac "Literary Moscow" [7].
In the summer of 1956, Pasternak, not hoping for an early publication of the novel in the USSR, through the journalist Sergio D'Angelo, gave a copy of the manuscript to the Italian publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli[8].
The title page of the Russian edition, Feltrinelli publishing house.
In September 1956, Pasternak received an answer from the magazine "Novy Mir" [9]:
"...As people who stand on a position directly opposite to yours, we naturally believe that the publication of your novel on the pages of the magazine "New World" is out of the question…
We return to you the manuscript of the novel "Doctor Zhivago"".
B. Agapov, B. Lavrenev, K. Fedin, K. Simonov, A. Krivitsky
In August 1957, Pasternak told the Italian Slavist Vittorio Strada how recently, under pressure from government officials, he was forced to sign a telegram to stop the Italian publication.
He asked to convey to D. Feltrinelli a request not to take into account the new "prohibitions" on his part on the publication of the novel, "so that the book comes out at all costs"[10].
In November 1957, the novel was first published in Italian in Milan by the Feltrinelli publishing house, "despite all the efforts of the Kremlin and the Italian Communist Party"[11][12][13] (for this, Feltrinelli was later expelled from the Communist Party[14]).
On August 24, 1958, a "pirated" (without the consent of Feltrinelli) edition in Russian was released in Holland with a circulation of 500 copies[15].
The Russian edition based on the manuscript, which was not corrected by the author, was published in Milan in January 1959.
Pocket edition of the novel" Doctor Zhivago", printed by the CIA.
The first edition in Russian in the Netherlands and some of the subsequent ones in the UK, in the USA in pocket format and free distribution of the book to Soviet tourists at the 1958 World Exhibition in Brussels and at the VII International Festival of Youth and Students in Vienna was organized by the CIA[16][17][18].
In 1958, the CIA issued a message for internal distribution, in which, in particular, it was said[14]:
"This book has a huge propaganda value not only because of its important content and the property of encouraging reflection, but also because of the circumstances of its publication: we have a chance to make Soviet citizens think about what is wrong with their government if the literary masterpiece of a man who is reputed to be the greatest living Russian writers cannot be reached to read in the original language by his own compatriots in his own homeland."
The CIA also participated in the distribution of the novel in the countries of the socialist bloc[19][20][21].
In addition, according to declassified documents, in the late 1950s, the British Foreign Office tried to use Doctor Zhivago as an anti communist propaganda tool and financed the publication of the novel in Farsi[22].
In connection with these circumstances, Ivan Tolstoy raises the question of how much these actions of the CIA influenced Pasternak's receipt of the Nobel Prize[23].
The Nobel Prize[edit / edit wiki text]
On October 23, 1958, Boris Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize with the wording "for significant achievements in modern lyrical poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel".
The authorities of the USSR, led by N. S. Khrushchev, perceived this event with indignation, because they considered the novel anti Soviet.
Because of the persecution that unfolded in the USSR, Pasternak was forced to refuse to receive the prize.
Only on December 9, 1989, the Nobel Diploma and medal were awarded in Stockholm to the writer's son Yevgeny Pasternak.
Ivan Tolstoy, author of the book "The Laundered Novel":[24]
Because this man overcame what all the other writers in the Soviet Union could not overcome.
For example, Andrei Sinyavsky sent his manuscripts to the West under the pseudonym Abram Terz.
In the USSR in 1958, there was only one person who, raising his visor, said: "I am Boris Pasternak, I am the author of the novel Doctor Zhivago.
And I want it to come out in the form in which it was created."
And this man was awarded the Nobel Prize.
I believe that this highest award was awarded to the most correct person at that time on Earth.
An open letter in the magazine "New World" [edit / edit wiki text]
On October 25, 1958, the editorial board of the Novy Mir magazine requested the Literary Gazette[25] to publish a letter sent in September 1956 by members of the then editorial board of the journal personally to B. L. Pasternak about the manuscript of his novel "Doctor Zhivago":
...
This letter, rejecting the manuscript, was certainly not intended for publication... we now consider it necessary to make public this letter from members of the former editorial board of the "New World" to B. Pasternak.
It explains with sufficient conviction why Pasternak's novel could not find a place on the pages of a Soviet magazine…
...
The letter is simultaneously printed in the eleventh book of the "New World".
Editor in chief of the magazine "New World" A. T. Tvardovsky.
Editorial board: E. N. Gerasimov, S. N. Golubov, A. G. Dementiev (Deputy editor in chief), B. G. Zaks, B. A. Lavrenev, V. V. Ovechkin, K. A. Fedin.
In February 1977, Konstantin Simonov wrote in an open letter to the German writer A. Anders[26] that in connection with the political controversy that had arisen
"...More than two years later, when Alexander Tvardovsky was no longer the editor of Novy Mir, this letter was published on the pages of Novy Mir by his new editorial board in response to reports about the anti Soviet campaign raised by the foreign reaction about the awarding of the Nobel Prize to Boris Pasternak in the form in which we sent it to Pasternak in September 1956..."
In the USSR, the novel was distributed in samizdat for three decades and was published only during the "perestroika".
In January — April 1988, Novy Mir published the author's text of the novel[27], anticipating it with a preface by D. S. Likhachev[28].
In June 1988, Novy Mir published a detailed article about the origin of the idea and the history of the creation of the novel[29].
Criticism[edit / edit wiki text]
V. V. Nabokov gave a negative assessment of the novel, which pushed Lolita in the list of bestsellers, "Doctor Zhivago is a pathetic thing, clumsy, banal and melodramatic, with hackneyed provisions, voluptuous lawyers, improbable girls, romantic robbers and banal coincidences" [30].
Because of the author's point of view on the assimilation of Jews, Israeli Prime Minister D. Ben Gurion spoke of the novel as "one of the most despicable books about Jews written by a person of Jewish origin"[31]
Bullying[edit / edit wiki text]
The persecution of Pasternak because of the novel "Doctor Zhivago" became one of the reasons for his serious illness and premature death in 1960.
The persecution began immediately after the award of the Nobel Prize to Roman at the end of October 1958.
The tone was set by Nikita Khrushchev, who, in a circle of party and state officials, said very rudely about Pasternak: "Even a pig does not shit where it eats"[32].
Soon, the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee, Vladimir Semichastny, used" pig " analogies on the instructions of Khrushchev in a report dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Komsomol[33].
In a statement to TASS on November 2, 1958, it was stated that in "his anti Soviet essay, Pasternak slandered the social system and the people."
The head of the Department of culture of the Central Committee of the party, D. A. Polikarpov, became the direct coordinator of public and newspaper harassment.
The fact that the book was published abroad was presented by the authorities as a betrayal and anti Soviet, while the condemnation of the book by the "workers" was presented as a manifestation of universal solidarity with the authorities.
In the resolution of the Writers ' Union of October 28, 1958, Pasternak was called a narcissistic aesthete and decadent, a slanderer and a traitor.
Lev Oshanin accused Pasternak of cosmopolitanism, Boris Polevoy called him a "literary Vlasov", Vera Inber convinced the Joint Venture to appeal to the government with a request to deprive Pasternak of Soviet citizenship[34].
Then, for several months in a row, Pasternak was "exposed" in major newspapers, such as Pravda and Izvestia, magazines, on radio and television, forcing him to refuse the Nobel Prize awarded to him.
His novel, which no one read in the USSR, was condemned at meetings organized by the authorities during the working day in institutes, ministries, factories, factories, and collective farms.
The speakers called Pasternak a slanderer, a traitor, a renegade of society; they offered to judge and expel him from the country.
Collective letters were published in newspapers, read out on the radio.
Both people who had nothing to do with literature (they were weavers, collective farmers, workers) and professional writers were involved as accusers.
Thus, Sergei Mikhalkov wrote a sarcastic epigram to Pasternak[35].
Later, the campaign to defame Pasternak received a succinct sarcastic title "I havenot read it, but I condemn it!".
These words often appeared in the speeches of public prosecutors, many of whom did not pick up books at all.
The harassment, which at one time declined, intensified again after the publication of Pasternak's poem "The Nobel Prize" in the British newspaper "Daily Mail" on February 11, 1959, with a comment by correspondent Anthony Brown about the ostracism the Nobel laureate is subjected to in his homeland[36][37][38].
The publication of the novel and the awarding of the Nobel Prize to the author led, in addition to harassment, to the exclusion of Pasternak from the USSR Writers ' Union (restored posthumously in 1987).
The Moscow organization of the Union of Writers of the USSR, following the Board of the Union of Writers, demanded the expulsion of Pasternak from the Soviet Union and the deprivation of his Soviet citizenship.
In 1966, Alexander Galich wrote a poem on the death of Pasternak, where there are such lines:
We will not forget this laughter, And this boredom!
We will remember by name all those Who raised their hand!
Among the writers who demanded Pasternak's expulsion from the USSR were L. I. Oshanin, A. I. Bezymensky, B. A. Slutsky, S. A. Baruzdin, B. N. Polevoy, K. M. Simonov and many others[39].
No one publicly raised a voice in defense of Pasternak at that moment.
However, they refused to participate in the persecution and sympathized with the disgraced poet from the writers of the older generation Veniamin Kaverin and Vsevolod Ivanov, from the young writers — Andrei Voznesensky, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Bella Akhmadulina, Bulat Okudzhava.
Facts[edit / edit wiki text]
This section is not completed.
You will help the project by correcting and supplementing it.
It is widely believed that Perm is the prototype of the city of Yuryatin from "Doctor Zhivago".
"Fifty years ago, at the end of 1957, the first edition of Doctor Zhivago was published in Milan.
In Perm, on this occasion, the Yuryatin Foundation even released a wall calendar "Zhivago Time", and in it — an annual painting of anniversary events"[40].
Pasternak spent the winter of 1916 in the Urals, in the village of Vsevolod Vilva, Perm province, accepting an invitation to work in the office of the manager of Vsevolod Vilva Chemical plants, B. I. Zbarsky, as an assistant for business correspondence and trade and financial reporting.
In the same year, the poet visited the Berezniki soda factory on the Kama River.
In a letter to S. P. Bobrov dated June 24, 1916, Boris calls the soda factory "Lyubimov, Solvay and K" and the European style settlement with it "a small industrial Belgium".
E. G. Kazakevich, after reading the manuscript, said: "It turns out, judging by the novel, the October Revolution is a misunderstanding and it was better not to do it," K. M. Simonov, the editor in chief of Novy Mir, also reacted by refusing to publish the novel: "You canot give a tribune to Pasternak!".
The French edition of the novel (Gallimard, 1959) was illustrated by the Russian artist and animator Alexander Alekseev (1901-1982) using the "needle screen" technique developed by him.
During the Cold War, the CIA paid for the circulation of the novel for distribution in the USSR[11][12][13][14].
"Doctor Zhivago is the main hero of the twentieth century, a man looking for his way, just like our Russia", became a symbol of a new restaurant opened in 2014 in Moscow on the site of the former National Cafe in honor of the literary character[41].
Film adaptations[edit / edit wiki text]
Year Country Title Director Starring Note 1959 Brazil Brazil Doctor Zhivago (port. Doutor Jivago [42]) TV 1965 USA USA Doctor Zhivago (Doctor Zhivago) David Lin Omar Sharif (Yuri Zhivago), Julie Christie (Lara Antipova), Rod Steiger (Viktor Komarovsky) Winner of 5 Academy Awards 2002 Great Britain Great Britain
USA USA
Germany Germany Doctor Zhivago Giacomo Campiotti Hans Matheson (Yuri Zhivago), Keira Knightley (Lara Antipova), Sam Neal (Viktor Komarovsky) TV/DVD 2005 Russia Russia Doctor Zhivago Alexander Proshkin Oleg Menshikov (Yuri Zhivago), Chulpan Khamatova( Lara Antipova), Oleg Yankovsky (Viktor Komarovsky) TV 11 episode film (NTV, Russia)
Dramatizations[edit / edit wiki text]
Year Theater Title Director Starring Note 1993 Taganka Theater Zhivago (Doctor)[43] Yuri Lyubimov Anna Agapova (Lara), Lyubov Selyutina (Tonya), Valery Zolotukhin (Yuri), Alexander Trofimov (Pavel), Felix Antipov (Komarovsky) A musical parable based on the novel and poetry of different years by A. Blok, O. Mandelstam, B. Pasternak, A. Pushkin.
Composer Alfred Schnittke 2007 Perm Drama Theater "Doctor Zhivago" Boris Milgram Musical[44][45].
Composer Alexander Zhurbin 2011 "Lyrical Sydney" (Sydney) "Doctor Zhivago" Des McAnuff Anthony Warlow (Yuri), Lucy Maunder (Lara), Martin Kruz (Pavel), Tanil Van Tsyl (Tonya) World premiere of the musical.
Composer Lucy Simon.
2012 Educational Theater of the Department of Theater Arts of St. Petersburg State University Doctor Zhivago Alexander Iovlev 2013 KGAUK "Perm Academic Theater Theater" Doctor Zhivago [46] Boris Milgram Olga Pudova / Anna Syrchikova (Lara), Irina Maksimkina (Tonya), Vyacheslav Chuistov (Yuri), Dmitry Vasev (Pavel), Vladimir Syrchikov/Anatoly Smolyakov (Komarovsky) 2015 The Looking Glass Theater Doctor Zhivago Vasily Zarzhetsky Kirill Pavlov (Yuri), Varvara Shalagina(Lara), Kirill Gordeev (Pavel), Boris Khasanov(Komarovsky), Maria Mekaeva (Tonya) Performance poster
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
Ivinskaya, O.
The years with Boris Pasternak : In captivity of time.
Paris: Fayard, 1978 — - 437 p.
Russian reprint: Moscow: Libris, 1992 — - 464 p.
— ISBN 5-86568-028-5.
Tolstoy, I. Pasternak's laundered novel: "Doctor Zhivago" between the KGB and the CIA.
- Moscow: Vremya, 2008.
- 496 p.
— ISBN 978-5-9691-0405-1 .
Tolstoy, I. "Doctor Zhivago": New facts and findings in the Nobel Archive.
Prague: Human Rights Publishers, 2010-88 p.
— ISBN 978-80-9035-236-0.
Bykov, D ..
Boris Pasternak.
- 7th ed. - Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 2007 — - 893 p.
— ISBN 978-5-235-03027-5.
Kuzmenko, V. "Doctor Zhivago" in the service of the CIA / / Russian Planet.
— April 7, 2014.
Finn P., Kuve P. The Zhivago case.
The Kremlin, the CIA and the battle for the forbidden book / translated from English/ - Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2015, - 349 p. ISBN 978-5-227-06244-4 Konstantin Polivanov.
"Doctor Zhivago was not the most forbidden book" (Rus.)
/ / Arzamas University.
- No. 16 of the course" Doctor Zhivago " by Boris Pasternak.
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
Бы Bykov D. L. Boris Pasternak.
-7th ed.
- Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 2007.
pp.
722-736 Ли Likhachev D. S. Reflections on the novel by B. L. Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago" ↑ Bondarchuk E. M.
The author and the hero in Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago": the originality of subjective and non subjective forms of expression of the author's consciousness ↑ Material for the essay.
Zhivago is a characteristic of a literary hero (character).
Checked on December 7, 2013.
Паст Pasternak B. L. Collected works in five volumes.
Vol. 5 M.: Khud.
lit., 1992, 703 p. Шал Shalamov V. T. Correspondence with Pasternak B. L. Паст Pasternak E. B. B. Pasternak.
Biography.
- Moscow: Citadel, 1997.
- pp.
676, 680.
Паст Pasternak Elena, Pasternak Evgeny.
Pasternak's correspondence with Feltrinelli / / Continent: journal.
- 2001.
- No. 107.
Письмо Letter of the members of the editorial board of the magazine "Novy Mir" to B. Pasternak / / Literaturnaya gazeta.
- October 25 1958.
— № 128 (3939).
↑ Strada V.
He told me in private.
To the history of the publication "Doctor Zhivago" / / Russian news: gazeta.
— 1993.
— № 69 (238).
— P. 6. ↑ 1 2 Boris Pasternak // A short history of Boris Pasternak the author of Doctor Zhivago.
(English).
Hoover Institution / / Stanford University.
Verified on April 8, 2014.
↑ 1 2 Peter Finn, Petra Couvée.
During Cold War, CIA used ' Doctor Zhivago’ as a tool to undermine Soviet Union.
washingtonpost.com (APRIL 6, 2014).
Verified on April 8, 2014.
↑ 1 2 Peter Finn, Petra Kuve.
During the Cold War, the CIA used Doctor Zhivago as a tool to undermine the USSR.
inopressa.ru.
The Washington Post (April 7, 2014).
"The authors John Maury, chief of the division of Soviet Russia, "Doctor Zhivago": "Humanistic thought Pasternak — that every person has the right to a private life and deserves respect as a man, regardless of his political loyalty or contribution to the state are fundamental challenge to the Soviet ethics, which requires the individual to sacrifice in the name of the Communist system" (memo from 1958)."
Last checked 8 APR 2014.
↑ 1 2 3 the CIA published and distributed by "Dr. Zhivago" in the years of the cold war, confirmed by declassified documents.
newsru.com (April 7, 2014).
Verified on April 8, 2014.
Паст Pasternak B. L. Collected works in five volumes.
Vol. 3 M.: Khud.
lit., 1990, 734 p., - ss.
677-733 Иван Ivan Tolstoy.
A laundered novel.
Riddles of the first Russian edition of Doctor Zhivago.
Time of Freedom: Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" was first published by the US Central Intelligence Agency.
Research by the RS columnist Ivan Tolstoy(inaccessible link history).
Radio Liberty (December 14, 2006).
Verified on September 18, 2012.
Archived from the original source on February 14, 2009.
↑ During Cold War, CIA used ‘Doctor Zhivago’ as a tool to undermine Soviet Union ↑ The CIA and 'Doctor Zhivago': Explore the cache of documents // «The Washington Post», April 6, 2014, p. A1 ↑ The CIA participated in the publication of "Doctor Zhivago" during the Cold War / / RBC on April 7, 2014 ↑ "Doctor Zhivago" — a propaganda tool in the hands of the CIA?
/ / BBC on April 7, 2014 Куз Kuzmenko, April 7, 2014.
↑ "Doctor Zhivago" in the fight against communism / / BBC from July 26, 2001 ↑ Was Pasternak's Path To The Nobel Prize Paved By The CIA?
/ / "Radio Free Europe" Иван Ivan Tolstoy.
Radio Liberty В To the editorial office of Literaturnaya Gazeta / / Literaturnaya Gazeta.
- October 25 1958.
— № 128 (3939).
↑ Simonov, K. Frankness for frankness / / Die Zeit: gazeta.
- 1977, November 4.
Бори Boris Pasternak.
Doctor Zhivago.
/ The final author's text of the novel.
Publ., text preparation and commentary by E. B. Pasternak and V. M. Borisov / / Novy mir: zhurnal.
— 1988.
— № 1—4.
Ли Likhachev, D. S. Reflections on the novel by B. L. Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago" / / Novy mir: zhurnal.
- 1988.
- No. 1. - p. 5-10.
Borisov, V. M., Pasternak, E. B. Materials for the creative history of B. Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" / / Novy Mir: zhurnal.
- 1988.
- No. 6. - pp.
205-248.
Фин Finn P., Kuve P. The Zhivago case.
The Kremlin, the CIA and the battle for the banned book Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2015, 349 p., - p. 104 Фин Finn P., Kuve P. The Zhivago case.
The Kremlin, the CIA and the battle for the banned book Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2015, 349 p., - p. 216 Христи Christian Culture No. 2 Boris Leonidovich Pasternak ↑ Vladimir Semichastny: "It hurts me unbearably ..."
/ / "Tomorrow" Бы Bykov D. L. Boris Pasternak.
- 7th ed. - Moscow: Molodaya Gvardiya, 2007.
- pp.
788-794 mik miklukho maklay: There is not enough grain ↑ Vladimir Golyakhovsky.
Korney Chukovsky and Boris Pasternak.
↑ Regional the book Center of the Arkhangelsk Regional Scientific Library named after N. A. Dobrolyubov ↑ "And the noise of the chase after me..."
Boris Pasternak and the authorities.
Documents and materials.
- Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2001.
Стен Transcript of the all Moscow meeting of writers ↑ A conversation about life and death.
To the 50th anniversary of "Doctor Zhivago".
Verified on December 7, 2013.
↑ Opening of the week: Grand Cafe " Dr. Zhivago" by Alexander Rappoport ↑ Doutor Jivago (1959–) (English).
Checked on December 7, 2013.
Жив Zhivago (doctor).
Checked on December 7, 2013.
Перм The Perm Theater brought the musical "Doctor Zhivago" to St. Petersburg (photos, videos).
Verified on December 7, 2013.
↑ The world premiere of the musical "Doctor Zhivago"took place in Perm.
Verified on December 7, 2013.
↑ Doctor Zhivago.
Checked on December 7, 2013.
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
There is a page on the topic in Wikicitatnik
Doctor Zhivago
About the literary fate of B. Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" — - "Echo of Moscow", December 7, 2008 Ivan Tolstoy.
"The laundered novel".
Radio Liberty.
The School of Slander with Ivan Tolstoy, the author of the book "The Laundered Novel".
Issue 197, 15.02.2010 The Plot Thickens // The Washington Post, January 27, 2007
Works by Boris Pasternak
Poems
Zazimki
Doctor Zhivago
Doctor Zhivago
Collections of poems
My sister — life • On early trains • When it gets wild
See also
Yuryatin
"Doctor Zhivago"
Characters and places
Yuri Zhivago · Antonina Zhivago · Larisa Antipova
Yuryatin City
Adaptations
movie (1959) · Movie (1965) · Movie (2002) · TV series (2005) · musical (2007) · musical (2011)
Music
«Lara's Theme»
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor Zhivago&oldid=82151764"
Categories: Literary works alphabetically Boris Pasternak Novels in Russian Doctor Zhivago Censorship in the USSR Books about the First World War Literature about the Civil War in Russia Novels about Moscow
Hidden categories: Wikipedia:Articles with non working links Wikipedia:Articles whose neutrality is questioned by Wikipedia:Articles with redefinition of the value from Wikidata Wikipedia:No sources since November 2016 Wikipedia:Articles with statements without sources for more than 14 days Wikipedia:Articles without sources (type: book) Wikipedia:Translation requests from English Wikipedia:Articles with incomplete sections Articles with links to Wikicitatnik Pages using magic ISBN links
Navigation
Personal Tools
You did not introduce yourself to the system Discussion Contribution Create an account Log in
Namespaces
Article Discussion
Variants
Views
Read Edit Edit wiki text History
More
Search
Navigation
Title Page Heading Index A Z Selected articles Random article Current Events
Participation
Report a bug Community Portal Forum Recent edits New pages Help Donate
Tools
Links Here Related Edits Special Pages Permalink Page Information Wikidata element Quote Page
Print/Export
Create a book Download as PDF Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons Wikicitatnik
In other languages
Afrikaans العربية Asturianu Azərbaycanca Bulgarian Català Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Ελληνικά English Español Euskara فارسی Suomi Français עברית Hrvatski Magyar Հայերեն Ido Italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 Kurdî മലയാളം Nederlands Polski Português ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Română Scots Slovenscina Srpski / Svenska Türkçe srpski Ukrainian Tiếng Việt 中文
Edit links
Last modified on this page: 07: 06, November 27, 2016.
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license; in some cases, additional conditions may apply.
For more information, see Terms of use.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the non profit organization Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.
Contact us
Privacy Policy Wikipedia Description Disclaimer Developers Cookie Agreement Mobile Version
