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Home "Topics" 7 wonders of the world " The fifth wonder of the world: The Mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Mausoleum in Halicarnassus
The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus is the same age as the second Temple of Artemis.
The same people who restored the shrine after the fire set by Herostratus took part in its construction.
The building is a ziggurat, that is, both a tomb, a sanctuary, and a monument.
It should be noted that the name "mausoleum" comes from the name of the domineering and cruel ruler of Karia Mausolus.
Mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Start of construction
Despite the fact that already in the IV century BC the state was a colony of the Persian Empire, Mausolus ruled imperiously and stubbornly, trying not to bend under imperial pressure.
His position was so strong, and his connections were so wide, that even after the suppression of the uprisings he raised, he managed to remain on the throne.
During the reign of an energetic and ambitious king, Helikarnassus turned into the capital of Caria.
At the same time, the construction of the tomb, which later became one of the seven most famous sights of the ancient world, was started long before the death of the ruler approximately in 353 BC.
The project of the Mausoleum was developed by Greek architects Satyr and Pytheas.
Sculptors Timofey, Leohar, Scopas and Briaksid were hired to design the building.
And in total, hundreds of the most talented craftsmen took part in the construction, whose names, unfortunately, have not been preserved in history.
The tomb was an impressive architectural complex with its own courtyard.
A stone platform was installed in the center of the latter.
A wide staircase led to the top, guarded by stone lions.
Inside, the building was decorated with bas reliefs depicting scenes from ancient Greek legends and legends.
The outer walls of the Mausoleum were covered with statues of gods and goddesses, and in the corners of the structure huge guards soldiers, carved out of stone, carried out their service.
The ziggurat was crowned by a marble chariot driven by four massive horses.
The statues of the charioteers depicted Mausolus himself and his sister, his wife Artemisia.
The height of this sculpture was about 6 meters, and the pyramidal roof of the tomb was supported by 36 7 meter monolithic columns.
The fate of the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus
When the ruler of Caria died, the construction of the Mausoleum was not yet completed, and the complete decoration of the premises was completed only in 350 BC.
The tomb survived both the conquest of Halicarnassus by the Macedonian, and the attack of pirates at the beginning of the first millennium.
But at the beginning of the XV century, the Maltese visited Asia Minor, who finally destroyed the building, taking marble and stone slabs for the construction of the fortress of St. Nicholas.
Peter, which was located on the very place where the palace of Mausolus and Artemisia stood.
By the end of the XVI century, only one foundation remained of the Mausoleum.
The excavations of the tomb of the Mausoleum, led by Christian Geppesen, were completed only in the 1966-1977 years.
According to the found bas reliefs, statues and other elements of the situation and design, the appearance of the Mausoleum was restored.
His project served as the basis for the construction of the City Hall in Los Angeles, the Memorial to the Soldiers in Indiana, the London Church of St. Nicholas.
George and many other architectural monuments of our time.
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- The third wonder of the world: The Statue of Zeus in Olympia
- The fourth wonder of the world: The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus
- The fifth wonder of the world: The Mausoleum in Halicarnassus
- The sixth wonder of the world: The Colossus of Rhodes
- The seventh wonder of the world: The Lighthouse of Alexandria
All entries in the section 7 wonders of the world
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