Shevchenko, Taras Grigorievich
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Taras Shevchenko
Lifetime photo portrait of T. G. Shevchenko (1859, photo by A. I. Denyer) Date of birth: February 25 (March 9) 1814[1]
Place of birth: Morintsy village
Zvenigorodsky district
Kiev province,
The Russian Empire
Date of death: February 26 (March 10), 1861[1] (47 years old)
Place of death: Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire[2]
Citizenship (citizenship): The Russian Empire
Occupation: poet, artist, novelist, writer, ethnographer
Language of works: Ukrainian, Russian
Signature:
Works on the site Lib.ru Works in Wikitek Files on Wikimedia Commons Quotes in Wikicitatnik
Taras Grigoryevich [3] Shevchenko (Ukrainian: Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko[3]; February 25 (March 9), 1814, Morintsy village, Zvenigorodsky district of Kiev province, Russian Empire (now Cherkasy region, Ukraine) — February 26 (March 10), 1861, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian poet[4].
He is also known as an artist, novelist, ethnographer and revolutionary democrat[5].
Shevchenko's literary heritage, in which poetry plays a central role, in particular the collection "Kobzar", is considered the basis of modern Ukrainian literature and, in many respects, the literary Ukrainian language.
A figure of the Ukrainian national revival, a member of the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood.
Russian Russian is the language of most of Shevchenko's prose (novels, diary, many letters), as well as some poems, which is why some researchers attribute Shevchenko's work, in addition to Ukrainian, also to Russian literature[6][7].
Content
1 Biography 1.1 Childhood and youth 1.2 The 1840s 1.3 Military service in the Orenburg Region 1.4 The St. Petersburg period
2 Shevchenko artist 3 Shevchenko writer 3.1 Poetry 3.2 Shevchenko's Primer
4 Memory of Shevchenko 5 Notes 6 Russian translations 7 Literature 8 References
Biography
Childhood and youth
He was born in the village of Morintsy, Zvenigorod district, Kiev province, in the large family of Grigory Ivanovich Shevchenko, a serf peasant of the landowner V. V. Engelhardt, who — as the nephew of Prince G. A. Potemkin inherited a significant part of his Little Russian possessions.
His ancestors on his father's side descended from a certain Cossack Andrey, who at the beginning of the XVIII century came from the Zaporozhye Sich.
The ancestors of the mother, Katerina Yakimovna Boyko, were immigrants from the Carpathian region[8].
Two years later, Taras ' parents moved to the village of Kirilovka, where he spent his childhood.
His mother died in 1823; in the same year, his father remarried to a widow who had three children.
She treated Taras harshly.
Until the age of 9, Taras was in the care of his older sister Ekaterina, a kind and gentle girl.
Soon she got married.
In 1825, when Shevchenko was 12 years old, his father died.
Since that time, the difficult nomadic life of a street child begins: first he served the teacher's sexton, then in the surrounding villages with the painters ' sexton ("bogomazov", that is, icon painters).
At one time, Shevchenko was herding sheep, then he served as a pogonych with a local priest.
At the school of the sexton of the teacher, Shevchenko learned to read and write, and he got acquainted with elementary drawing techniques from painters.
At the sixteenth year of his life, in 1829, he was among the servants of the new landowner P. V. Engelhardt first as a cook, then as a"Cossack"servant.
His passion for painting did not leave him[9].
Noticing the abilities of Taras, during his stay in Vilna, Engelhardt gave Shevchenko to the teacher of the Vilna University, the portrait painter Jan Rustem.
Shevchenko stayed in Vilna for about a year and a half, and when he moved to St. Petersburg in early 1831, Engelhardt, intending to make a domestic painter out of his serf, sent him in 1832 to study with the "various pictorial affairs of the guild master" Vasily Shiryaev.
As an assistant to Shiryaev, Shevchenko participated in the work on the paintings of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater.
The first self portrait, 1840
In 1836, while drawing statues in the Summer Garden, Shevchenko met his countryman, the artist I. M. Soshenko, who, after consulting with the Ukrainian writer E. Grebenka, introduced Taras to the Secretary of the Academy of Arts V. I. Grigorovich[10], artists A. Venetsianov and K. Bryullov, the poet V. Zhukovsky.
The sympathy for the young man and the recognition of the talent of the Little Russian serf by prominent figures of Russian culture played a decisive role in the matter of his redemption from captivity.
It was not immediately possible to persuade Engelhardt: the appeal to humanism was not successful.
The personal petition of the famous academician of painting Karl Bryullov only confirmed the landowner in his desire not to sell cheap.
Bryullov told his friends "that this is the largest pig in Torzhkov shoes" and asked Soshenko to visit this "amphibian" and agree on the price of the ransom.
Soshenko delegated this difficult task to Professor Venetsianov as a person accepted at the imperial court, but even the authority of the court artist did not help the case.
The care of the best representatives of Russian art and literature touched and encouraged Shevchenko, but the protracted negotiations with his master plunged Taras into despondency.
Having learned about the next refusal, Shevchenko came to Soshenko in a desperate mood.
Cursing fate, he threatened to take revenge on the landowner and left in this state.
Soshenko became alarmed and, wanting to avoid a big trouble, suggested that his friends act without delay.
It was decided to offer Engelhardt an unprecedented amount for the redemption of a serf.
In April 1838, a lottery was held in the Anichkov Palace, as a prize in which there was a painting by Bryullov "V. A. Zhukovsky".
The money raised from the lottery was used to buy out serf Shevchenko.
The poet wrote in his autobiography:
Having previously agreed with my landowner, Zhukovsky asked Bryullov to paint a portrait of him, in order to draw it in a private lottery.
The great Bryullov immediately agreed, and his portrait was ready.
Zhukovsky, with the help of Count Vielgorsky, arranged a lottery of 2500 rubles, and this price was bought by my freedom on April 22, 1838.
As a sign of special respect and deep gratitude to Zhukovsky, Shevchenko dedicated to him one of his largest works — the poem "Katerina".
In the same year, Taras Shevchenko entered the Academy of Fine Arts, where he became a student and comrade of Bryullov.
1840s
The period from 1840 to 1846 was the best in the poet's life.
At this time, his poetic talent blossomed.
In 1840, a small collection of his poems was published under the name "Kobzar"; in 1842, "Gaydamaki" was published — his largest poetic work.
In 1843, Shevchenko received the degree of a freelance artist.
In the same year, while traveling in Ukraine, he met the daughter of the Little Russian Governor — General N. G. Repnin Varvara, a kind and intelligent woman who later, during Shevchenko's exile, experienced the warmest feelings for him[11].
In the first half of the 1840s, "Perebendya", "Poplars", "Katerina", "Naimichka", "Khustochka", "Kavkaz" were published — major poetic works of art.
St. Petersburg critics and even Belinsky did not understand and condemned Ukrainian national literature in general, Shevchenko in particular, seeing in his poetry a narrow provincialism; but Ukraine quickly appreciated Shevchenko, which was expressed in the warm receptions of Shevchenko during his journey in 1845-1847 through the Chernihiv and Kiev provinces.
Regarding the reviews of the critics, Shevchenko wrote:
Let me also be a peasant poet, if only a poet;
I donot need more than that.
The original text (in Ukrainian)
Nekhay I will be a peasant sings, abi tilki sings; then I do not require anything more than nothing.
Shevchenko T. G., 1842, "Katerina".
Oil
In 1842, "Katerina" was painted — the only surviving oil painting of the academic period.
The painting is based on the theme of the artist's poem of the same name.
Shevchenko tried to make the picture clear and understandable, to encourage sympathy.
In 1844, he received the title of a free artist at the academy[12].
In 1845, Shevchenko visited twice in Pereyaslav with his friend, doctor A. O. Kozachkovsky (whom he met in 1841 in St. Petersburg): in August and from October to early January 1846.
The autumn of 1845, spent in the house of Kozachkovsky, is considered by Shevchenko scholars to be the period of Shevchenko's true creative rise and is called the Pereyaslav autumn of Kobzar: it is here that he creates his works such as the poems "Naimichka"[uk] and "Caucasus", the dedication to Shafarik for the poem "Heretic"[uk], and on the night of December 25 the famous " Testament "("Zapovit").
Working as a full time artist of archaeological research of the Kiev Archeographic Commission at Kiev University (which in 1939, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, in honor of the 125th anniversary of the poet's birth, was named after him[13]), Shevchenko made a number of drawings of architectural and historical monuments of Pereyaslav (drawings "Ascension Monastery", "Mikhailovskaya Church", "Pokrovsky Cathedral", "Andrusha", "Stone Cross of St. Boris"), landscapes of nearby villages have been preserved.
In 2008, the Museum "Zapovita" by T. G. Shevchenko was opened in the former house of Kozachkovsky[14][15].
By the time of Shevchenko's stay in Kiev (1846), his rapprochement with N. I. Kostomarov belongs.
In the same year, Shevchenko joined the Cyril and Methodius Society, which was formed at that time in Kiev, consisting of young people who were interested in the development of Slavic nationalities, in particular Ukrainian.
The participants of this circle, including 10 people, were arrested, accused of creating a political organization and suffered various punishments.
Although the investigation could not prove Shevchenko's involvement in the activities of the Cyril and Methodius Society, he was found guilty "by his own separate actions"[16].
The report of the head of the Third Department A. F. Orlov said:
Shevchenko ... composed poems in the Little Russian language of the most outrageous content.
In them, he sometimes expressed lamentation about the imaginary enslavement and disasters of Ukraine, then proclaimed the glory of the hetman's rule and the former freedom of the Cossacks, then with incredible audacity poured out slander and bile on the persons of the imperial house, forgetting in them his personal benefactors.
In addition to the fact that everything forbidden attracts youth and people with a weak character, Shevchenko has gained fame among his friends as a significant Little Russian writer, and therefore his poems are doubly harmful and dangerous.
With the favorite poems in Little Russia, thoughts about the imaginary bliss of the times of the Hetmanate, about the happiness of returning these times and about the possibility of Ukraine to exist as a separate state could be sown and subsequently rooted.[17]
According to Belinsky, Shevchenko got the most for his poem "Dream", which contains a satire on the emperor and the empress[18].
By the decision of the Third Department, approved by the Emperor himself, on May 30, 1847, 33 year old Taras Shevchenko was assigned to military service as an ordinary soldier in a separate Orenburg corps located in the Orenburg Region (the territory of the modern Orenburg Region of Russia and the Mangistau region of Kazakhstan), "under the strictest supervision of the authorities" with a ban on writing and drawing.
Military service in the Orenburg Region
"In the soldiers".
Self portrait of 1847
The Orsk fortress, where Shevchenko's recruit first got, was a deserted backwater.
"It is rare," wrote Shevchenko, " to find such a characterless area.
Flat and flat.
The location is sad, monotonous, the skinny rivers Ural and Or, the naked gray mountains and the endless Kyrgyz steppe...".
"All my previous sufferings," says Shevchenko in another letter of 1847, " in comparison with the real ones were children's tears.
For Shevchenko, the ban on writing and drawing was very painful; his severe ban on drawing was especially depressing.
Not knowing Gogol personally, Shevchenko decided to write to him "by right of the Little Russian verse", hoping for Gogol's Ukrainian sympathies.
"Now, like a person falling into an abyss, I am ready to grasp at everything — hopelessness is terrible!
It is so terrible that only Christian philosophy can fight it."
Shevchenko sent Zhukovsky a touching letter with a request to intercede for him only one favor — the right to draw.
In this sense, Counts A. I. Gudovich and A. K. Tolstoy were busy for Shevchenko; but it turned out to be impossible to help Shevchenko.
Shevchenko also addressed a request to the head of the III department, General L. V. Dubelt, wrote that his brush had never sinned and would not sin in the political sense, but nothing helped.
The ban on drawing was not lifted until the very end of the service.
In 1848-1849, some consolation was given to him by participating in an expedition to study the Aral Sea.
Thanks to the humane attitude towards the soldier of General Obruchev and especially Lieutenant Butakov, Shevchenko was instructed to draw views of the Aral coast and local folk types for the report on the expedition.
However, this violation became known in St. Petersburg; Obruchev and Butakov were reprimanded, and Shevchenko was sent to a new deserted slum — the military fortification of Novopetrovskoye on the Caspian Sea — with a repeated prohibition to draw.
Taras Shevchenko's dugout in the city of Fort Shevchenko (formerly Novopetrovskoye)
Drawing by T. G. Shevchenko depicting the schooners of the Aral expedition (1848)
He was in Novopetrovsky from October 17, 1850 to August 2, 1857, that is, until the end of the service.
The first three years of his stay in the" smerdyachy barracks " were painful for him; then there were various relieves, mainly due to the kindness of Commandant Uskov and his wife, who fell in love with Shevchenko for his gentle nature and affection for their children.
Not being able to draw, Shevchenko was engaged in modeling, tried to do photography, which, however, was very expensive at that time.
In Novopetrovsky, Shevchenko wrote several stories in Russian — "The Princess", "The Artist", "The Twins", which contain many autobiographical details (published later by"Kievskaya Starina").
During his service, Shevchenko became close friends with several of the educated Poles who were demoted to soldiers (Z. Serakovsky, B. Zalessky), as well as E. Zhelikhovsky (Anthony Sova), which helped to strengthen the idea of "merging of the same tribal brothers"in him.
The Petersburg period
Shevchenko's release took place in 1857 thanks to the persistent petitions of the Vice president of the Academy of Arts, Count F. P. Tolstoy, and his wife, Countess A. I. Tolstoy, for him.
With long stops in Astrakhan and Nizhny Novgorod, Shevchenko returned along the Volga to St. Petersburg and here, at freedom, he became completely interested in poetry and art.
Attempts to arrange a family hearth by marrying the actress Piunova, peasant maids Harita and Lukerya, were not successful.
While living in St. Petersburg (from March 27, 1858 to June 1859), Shevchenko was amicably received in the family of Count F. P. Tolstoy.
Shevchenko's life of this time is well known from his diary (from June 12, 1857 to July 13, 1858, Shevchenko kept a personal diary[19] in Russian).
Almost all of his time, free from numerous literary and artistic acquaintances, dinner parties and evenings, Shevchenko gave to engraving.
In 1859, Shevchenko visited Ukraine again (in particular, twice — in June and October - he visited he moved to Pereyaslav to Kozachkovsky, who managed to preserve a significant part of his friend's artistic works for future generations)[14].
In April 1859, Shevchenko, presenting some of his engravings at the discretion of the Council of the Academy of Arts, asked to be awarded the title of academician or to set a program for obtaining this title.
On April 16, the Council decided to recognize him as "appointed to the academy and set a program for the title of academician in engraving on copper".
On September 2, 1860, along with the painters A. Beideman, Iv.
Bornikov, V. Pukirev, and others, he was awarded the degree of academician in engraving "in respect of art and knowledge in the arts".[20][21]
Shortly before his death, Shevchenko took up the compilation of school textbooks for the people in the Ukrainian language[22].
He died in St. Petersburg on February 26 (March 10), 1861 from dropsy, caused, according to the historian N. I. Kostomarov, who saw him drinking, but only once drunk[23], "excessive use of hot drinks"[24].
He was buried first at the Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery of St. Petersburg, and 58 days later the coffin with the ashes of T. G. Shevchenko, in accordance with his Will, was transported to Ukraine and buried on Chernechya Mountain near Kanev.
Funeral speeches were published in the magazine "Osnova" for March 1861.
Of the 47 years of his life, Shevchenko lived on the territory of modern Russia for 27 years: 1831-1845 and 1858-1861 in St. Petersburg, in 1847-1857 he served in the Orenburg Region.
Addresses in Saint Petersburg
February 9, 1831-1832 P. V. Engelgart's apartment in the Shcherbakov apartment house Mokhovaya Street, 26; 1832 July 3, 1838 Krestovsky House — Zagorodny Prospekt, 8;
July 3, 1838 — November 24, 1838 Kastyurina house — 7th line, 36;
November 24, 1838 December 18, 1838 the apartment of I. M. Soshenko in the Mosyagin apartment house 4th line, 47; 1839 - the building of the Academy of Arts Universitetskaya Embankment, 17; the second half of February — autumn 1839 the Arens apartment house — 7th line, 4; the end of 1840 March 23, 1845 the Kastyurina apartment house — 5th line, 8; March 27 early June 1858 the apartment of M. M. Lazarevsky in the mansion of A. S. Uvarov Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 48; beginning of June 1858 — February 26, 1861 the building of the Academy of Arts — Universitetskaya Embankment, 17.
Shevchenko is an artist
See also: List of drawings and paintings by Taras Shevchenko
Shevchenko's early works of art, like K. Bryullov, whom he always admired, are at the junction of academism with romanticism.
During his travels in Ukraine, especially in the 1840s, Shevchenko tirelessly sketched ancient monuments.
Wishing to convey to the widest possible audience the beauty of the nature of his native land and the greatness of its ancient monuments, together with Princess Varvara Repnina, he undertook in 1844 the publication of an album of etchings "Picturesque Ukraine".
The number of Shevchenko's self portraits is difficult to account for.
Many of them have not reached our time and are known only through the correspondence of the artist or the memoirs of his contemporaries.
Many are scattered in the margins of the manuscripts of the poet's literary works, letters, on the sheets of work albums and even on drawings by other artists.
Shevchenko is a writer
A handwritten manuscript of Shevchenko's poems (fragment).
The poem "Meni odnakovo chi I will live in Ukraine chi ni" (author's spelling)
Shevchenko's literary heritage is studied by Shevchenko scholars.
A peculiar result of the activities of Soviet Shevchenko scholars was the "Shevchenko Dictionary", published in 1976 in two volumes.
Poetry
"Chigirinsky Kobzar and Gaydamaki.
Two poems in the Little Russian language " Shevchenko 1844
The first and most famous collection of Shevchenko's poems in Ukrainian, "Kobzar", grew out of the romantic tradition of collecting folk songs (Ossian, Kirsha Danilov, "Songs of the Western Slavs").
From the romantic intoxication of the Cossack past, Shevchenko evolved towards a more sober view of national history, which was manifested in the poem "Gaydamaki" (1841), which praises the people's movement of the XVIII century.
In the poems "The Caucasus" and "The Heretic", the poet debunks not only the" dark kingdom " of autocracy, but also takes up arms against any violence against the human person from a universal position.
In his later work, he turns to subjects from the Bible and ancient history, creating philosophical and historical poems with the structure of a parable, or parabolas, built on the personalization of certain ideas.
Shevchenko's Primer
In St. Petersburg, in the last years of the writer's life, a censored primer by Taras Shevchenko was published in Ukrainian — "The Southern Russian Primer"[25].
However, it was subsequently banned from use.
So it is known that in the Cherkasy district (Kiev province), the assistant chief of the Kanevskaya police wrote to the Kiev governor about the seizure by the bailiff of 12 letters of Taras Shevchenko, brought to the village of Zelenok by the temporarily obliged Osip Ustimov, most of which he distributed to the manager Dorozhinsky, the economists Matkovsky and Bolevsky, the dean Grushetsky (the priest of the village of Zelenok, the local deacon) and the drinking auditors Bystrzhanevsky and Piletsky.
They were selected in order to prevent their distribution to rural parish schools and to the Kanevskaya Sunday school.
Although it was mentioned in the report that Shevchenko's primer "does not contain anything contrary to the laws"[26][27].
Memory of Shevchenko
Celebration of the 200th anniversary of Shevchenko's birth near the Kiev University named after him
Main article: The memory of Taras Shevchenko
There was not a single monument to Shevchenko in the Russian Empire.
The mass perpetuation of the memory of "kobzar" began after the October Revolution in connection with the adoption of the plan of monumental propaganda and the beginning of the korenization policy.
Outside the Soviet Union, monuments to Shevchenko were installed on the initiative and at the expense of the Ukrainian diaspora, and after 1991 — also as gifts from the Ukrainian state (including exchange).
When the 200th anniversary of Taras Shevchenko was celebrated, journalists counted 1060 monuments to Shevchenko and objects named in his honor[28].
They are located in 32 countries on different continents.
In particular, the Kazakh cities of Fort Shevchenko and Aktau received the name of Shevchenko in Soviet times.
Of the biographical films, the most famous is the 1951 film with Sergei Bondarchuk in the title role.
On the territory of the former USSR there are a dozen museums in memory of Shevchenko, the largest of which is the Shevchenko National Reserve in Kanev.
The house in which Taras Shevchenko lived during his exile in Orenburg was demolished around 2016, despite the status of a historical monument[29].
In its place, a parking lot for cars was arranged[30].
Notes
↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica — (untranslated), 1768.
— ISBN 1-59339-292-3 <a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q455"></a><a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2743906"></a>
↑ 1 2 Shevchenko Taras Grigoryevich / / The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / edited by A. M. Prokhorov 3rd ed. - Moscow: The Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969.
<a href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135"></a>
↑ 1 2 At the time of Taras Shevchenko's birth, the metric books in the village of Morintsy were kept in Russian, where he was recorded as Taras ("A son Taras was born to a resident of the village of Morintsy, Grigory Shevchenko, and his wife AgafiyEkaterina"; quoted by Taras Shevchenko: Documenting the materials before the biography. 1814-1861 / For ed. .. P. Kirilyuk.
— K., 1982.
— P. 6-45.).
For the serfs, at the time, the patronymic is not used (see eg. text Free from 22 April 1838: "eternally let go at will my serf person Taras Grigoriev, the son of Shevchenko, which I inherited after my deceased parent privy Councilor Vasiliy Vasilievich Engelgardt").
During Shevchenko's lifetime, he was used in Ukrainian texts as a variant of "Taras Grigoryevich" (see, for example, the letter of Grigory Kvitka Osnovyanenko dated October 23, 1840 The basis: "miy kohaniy pane, Taras Grigoryevich"), and "Taras Grigorovich" (see, for example, a letter from the same author dated May 5, 1891 Basis: "Miliy i dobri miy panochku Taras Grigorovich").
In the Russian language adopted the spelling "Taras Shevchenko" (BSE), in the Ukrainian language "Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko" (National library Ukrainy imeni V. I. Vernadskogo, Kyiv), in foreign languages is a transcription from the original Ukrainian name, for example, "eng.
Taras Hryhorovich Shevchenko" (Museum — Taras Shevchenko Museum — the only Shevchenko Museum in the Americas).
↑ Taras Grigorovich SHEVCHENKO// Encyclopedia "UKRAINKA MOVA" - Kiev, 2000 ↑ SHEVCHENKO.
Academician.
Verified on March 11, 2015.
Kosmeda T. Shevchenko's diary is a reflector of his Russian speaking consciousness.
Scientific notes of the Tauride National University.
V. I. Vernadsky State University.
vol. 20 (59).
2007 p. — № 3.
— 38-42.
Уж Uzhankov A., Doctor of Philology.
sciences.
Shevchenko — a Russian writer?
/ / Century.
— February 11, 2009.
Сергей Sergey Belyakov Taras Shevchenko as a Ukrainian nationalist / / Questions of nationalism: journal.
- M., 2014.
- No. 18. - pp.
93-114.
Shevchenko, Taras Grigoryevich / / Russian biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes.
- St. Petersburg.
- M., 1896-1918.
Гри Grigorovich Vasily Ivanovich Письма Letters of T. G. Shevchenko to the Princess V. N. Repnina ("Kiev Antiquity". Kiev, 1893) Шев Shevchenko / / Small encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 vols.
- St. Petersburg, 1907-1909.
Ки Kiev univer sity.
Istoria.
// Website of the Kyiv National University named after Taras Shevchenko.
Verified on May 27, 2016.
↑ 1 2 Kozachkovsky A. A. from Memoirs of T. G. Shevchenko / / Memoirs of Taras Shevchenko.
Kiev: Dnipro Publ., 1982.
- 547 P. - P.76-80.
Museum Of The "Testament" Of T. G. Shevchenko.
// Website of the National Historical and ethnographic Reserve "Pereyaslav".
Checked on May 27, 2016.
V. S. Borodin, E. P. Kirilyuk, et al.
T. G. Shevchenko.
Biography.
— Kiev: Nauchnaya Dumka publ., 1984.
- P. 185-197.
A. F. Orlov's report to Nicholas I on the activities of the Cyril and Methodius society.
- May 26, 1847 ↑ letter of V. G. Belinsky to P. V. Annenkov (December 1-10, 1847, St. Petersburg) ↑ Diary of T. G. Shevchenko with comments by L. N. Bolshakov ↑ A. A. Blagoveshchensky.
Shevchenko in St. Petersburg (1858-1861) / / memories of Taras Shevchenko.
Moscow: Dnepr Publ., 1988.
- P. 337-346; 545—549.
↑ Taras Shevchenko artist: a brief biography Nadezhda Shubina Gallery.
↑ T. G. Shevchenko.
Primer yuzhnorussky ↑ Kostomarov N. I. letter to the publisher editor of "Russian antiquity" M. I. Semevsky.
- Russian antiquity, 1880.
- Vol. 27. Kostomarov N. I. Autobiography.
Part VII: election to the St. Petersburg Department.
Moving to St. Petersburg.
Preparation for the profession.
Professional career.
Literary classes of the St. Petersburg professorship era.
The second trip abroad ↑ Primer yuzhnorussky / / Shevchenko dictionary.
In two volumes.
- K., 1976.
- Vol. 1. - P.82-98.
↑ Bulakh.
Letter from the assistant chief of the Kanevsky police to the Kiev governor on the distribution of Shevchenko's primers.
Taras Shevchenko: documents and materials for his biography.
1814-1861 / Ed. E. P. Kirilyuk.
- K., 1982.
- 432 P.
(September 30, 1861).
Archived from the original source on April 25, 2013.
↑ Vasilchikov I. I. letter of the Kiev Governor General to the Civil governor on the cancellation of orders prohibiting the use of T. G. Shevchenko's primer.
Taras Shevchenko: documents and materials for his biography.
1814-1861 / Ed. E. P. Kirilyuk.
- K., 1982.
- 432 P.
(October 14, 1861).
Archived from the original source on April 25, 2013.
↑ "Inter" created the first interactive map of objects dedicated to Shevchenko ↑ the House in which the Ukrainian poet Shevchenko lived in the link in 1849 // Register of objects of cultural heritage ↑ Shevchenko's house was destroyed in Russia.
Ukraine demands UNESCO reaction / /Ukrainska Pravda, February 24, 2016
Russian translations
Kobzar Taras Shevchenko.
In the translation of Russian poets.
/ Edited by N. V. Gerbel.
- 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg., 1876.
Shevchenko T. G. collection of works in five volumes / Ed.
M. Rylsky and N. Ushakov.
Moscow: State publishing house of art literature, 1948-1949.
Vol. 1.poems and poems.
1949.
474 p. (in Russian) Vol. 2.poems and poems in Russian translations.
1948.
425 p. (in Russian) Vol. 3.Russian stories.
1948.
466 p. (in Russian) Vol. 4. Russian stories.
Dramatic works.
1949.
497 p. (in Russian) Vol. 5.Autobiography.
Diary.
1949.
337 p. (in Russian)
Shevchenko T. G. Kobzar.
Poems and poems: translated from Ukrainian.
Vol. 124.
Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura publ., 1972.
- 655 P. — (Library of world literature).
Literature
H. K A. Shevchenko, Taras Grigoryevich / / Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes.
- St. Petersburg.
Moscow, 1896-1918.
Sumtsov N. F. Shevchenko, Taras Grigoryevich / / Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes.
(82 volumes and 4 additional ones.).
- St. Petersburg., 1890—1907.
Taras Shevchenko / / Bolshaya Sovetskaya entsiklopediya : [in 30 volumes] / CHL.
Ed. A. M. Prokhorov.
- 3rd ed. Moscow: Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Links
Taras Shevchenko in Vikitsitatnik Taras Shevchenko in Vikitek Taras Shevchenko on Vikisklad
Taras Shevchenko.
Collected works: in 6 volumes.
- K., 2003.
- Vol. 1-6.
A website with Shevchenko's work written in Font — a copy of the author's handwriting.
Quiz about Taras Shevchenko Yandex project
