Washington, George
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George Washington
George Washington
1st President of the United States
April 30, 1789 March 4, 1797 Vice President: John Adams Predecessor: position established
Cyrus Griffin as President of the Confederate Congress Successor: John Adams
Religion: not advertised[1] Birth: February 22, 1732(1732-02-22)
Bridges Creek, Virginia, British America Death: December 14, 1799 (1799-12-14) (age 67)
Mount Vernon Burial Place: Mount Vernon,
state of Virginia Father: Augustine Washington Mother: Maria Bol Washington Spouse: Martha Custis Dandridge Children: no Party: non partisan
Autograph:
Awards: Congressional Gold Medal, Congressional Commendation
George Washington on Wikimedia Commons
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George Washington[2] (eng.
George Washington; February 22, 1732[3][4], Bridges Creek, colony of Virginia — December 14, 1799, mount Vernon, Virginia) — American statesman, the first President of the United States of America (1789-1797), the father of the founder of the United States, the commander in chief of the Continental army, member of the war for independence, the Creator of the American presidency.
He was born in the family of a landowner.
He received a home education, was fond of reading books.
He worked as a surveyor, participated in the expeditions of Lord Fairfax (English)Russian..
In 1752, he inherited the Mount Vernon estate, in the same year he joined the militia, took part in military operations against the French and Indians, and was captured.
In 1758 he retired with the rank of colonel In 1759, Washington married Martha Dandridge Custis and actively engaged in the arrangement of his estate, became one of the richest planters in Virginia.
In 1758-1774, Washington was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Virginia, where he fought with the mother country for the rights of the colonies, nevertheless condemning violent actions.
He was one of the delegates to the First Continental Congress.
After armed clashes with Great Britain, he abandoned attempts at reconciliation, put on a military uniform and was unanimously elected commander in chief of the Continental Army.
Reorganizing the troops, he led their actions from the siege of Boston in 1776 to the surrender of the British troops at Yorktown in 1781.
In November 1783, after the conclusion of the Paris Peace Treaty, he resigned his powers and retired to the Mount Vernon estate.
Dissatisfied with the articles of confederation, Washington was elected chairman of the Constitutional Convention that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787 In 1789, George Washington was unanimously elected the first president of the United States.
In 1792, he was re elected for a second term.
As the head of state, he contributed to the strengthening of the Union, the implementation of the principles of the constitution and the construction of the capital of the United States.
He was engaged in the formation of central authorities and the management system, created precedents for the institute of presidents, encouraged the development of the economy.
He maintained friendly relations with the Congress.
In 1794, he suppressed the first uprising in the history of the United States against state power.
In foreign policy, he avoided interfering in the affairs of European states.
He refused to run for the presidency for the third time.
Before leaving, he addressed the nation with a farewell message.
After leaving the post of president, Washington retired to Mount Vernon, often visited the capital under construction.
Congress awarded Washington the title of Father of the Fatherland.
During the aggravation of relations with France in the summer of 1798, Washington was symbolically appointed commander in chief of the army.
On the night of December 14-15, 1799, Washington died.
On December 18, he was buried at Mount Vernon.
Content
1 The beginning of life 2 Political career, attempts to reconcile with the metropolis 3 The War of Independence of the United States 4 The first President of the United States of America 4.1 Election to the presidency 4.2 First term 4.3 Second term 4.4 Capital 4.5 Foreign Policy 4.6 Slavery
5 Father of the Fatherland 6 Death 7 The historical significance of Washington 8 Appearance 9 Coat of Arms 10 Memory 11 Speeches and speeches 12 Image in the cinema 13 Notes 14 Literature 15 References
The beginning of the life path[edit / edit wiki text]
George Washington was born on February 22, 1732.
in a family whose fourth generation already lived in the state of Virginia[5].
He spent his childhood and youth in modest conditions, received home education, was engaged in self education.
He was the third of five children in the family[6], he lost his father Augustine, the owner of a tobacco plantation and a surveyor, at the age of 11.
In 1748, Washington participated in the expedition of Lord Fairfax, who conducted surveying work in the Shenandoah Valley.
From 1749 he was the surveyor of Culpepper County.
George was raised by his half brother Lawrence, after whose death he inherited in 1752 the Mount Vernon estate near Alexandria, on the Potomac River, in the same year he became a major in the local militia.
Washington in 1772
In his neighbor, Lord Fairfax, who belonged to the wealthiest landowners in Virginia, Washington found a mentor.
Fairfax introduced him to the lifestyle of the untitled nobility and supported him on his way to a career as an officer and surveyor[5].
In 1753, Washington was instructed to warn the French that they should not advance into the Ohio River Valley.
The trip lasted for eleven weeks, Washington had to overcome 800 kilometers and experienced many dangerous episodes[7].
In 1753-1754, he commanded one of the Virginia militia districts.
Washington's participation in the campaign against Fort Duquesne, where he was captured, dates back to 1755.
During the second expedition to the same fort, Washington showed bravery, for which he received the rank of colonel and was appointed commander of the Virginia Provincial Regiment.
Washington continued to participate in military operations against the French and Indians, occupying defensive positions, but on December 31, 1758, he returned to Virginia and resigned.
On January 6, 1759, Washington married a wealthy widow, Martha Dandridge Custis (who took his last name) and received a rich dowry: 17 thousand acres of land, 300 slaves and a mansion in Williamsburg.
The marriage turned out to be happy, although the couple had no children.
Washington raised his wife's two children from his first marriage.
Thanks to hard work and strict order, he managed to increase the income of his estate and become one of the richest landowners in Virginia.
On his farms on the banks of the Potomac River, he grew tobacco, wheat, and by 1772 he was already exporting fish and flour to the West Indies.
Washington's worldview and political philosophy were influenced by the English oppositional or agrarian literature of the early XVIII century.
Washington admired Cato the Younger, whom he considered a model of all the Roman virtues.
He tried to conform to these patterns in public and personal life, adhering to the classical style of speech and dignified gestures and facial expressions.
Self control, strict control of emotions and disciplined behavior became his outstanding qualities, under which the initial spontaneity less and less appeared.
Conservative and reasonable by temperament, moderately religious, without a deep interest in theological issues, but at the same time constantly ready to accept new ideas and thoughts, he combined virtue with a progressive consciousness of Enlightenment[5].
Political career, attempts to reconcile with the metropolis[edit / edit wiki text]
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In 1758-1774, Washington was elected to the Virginia Legislature.
When the contradictions with the mother country began, Washington began to fight for the rights of the colonies.
In 1769, he submitted to the House a draft resolution according to which only the legislative assemblies of the colonies had the right to set taxes.
However, this problem lost its urgency when customs duties were abolished.
Together with Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, Washington organized an association in Virginia to boycott English goods.
However, he disapproved of violent acts, among which was the "Boston Tea Party" on December 16, 1773.
The measures taken by the British government after that, known as the "Unbearable Laws", forced the colonies to forget about their differences.
In Williamsburg, without the governor's knowledge, the civil Chamber of Virginia met, which proclaimed the convocation of the First Continental Congress (September 5—October 26, 1774).
Washington was elected one of the seven delegates, but took a minor part in its work.
The Congress accepted a number of protests, but refused an open break with the UK.
In a letter to an old friend, Captain R. Mackenzie, who was serving in the British troops in Boston at that time, Washington noted: "As for independence or something like that...
I am quite satisfied that no reasonable person in North America wants anything like this."
However, the situation soon escalated, armed clashes between the militias and the British army began.
Despite the expression of loyalty to George III, the Second Continental Congress put the colonies in a state of defense.
Washington gradually realized the futility of trying to reconcile with Great Britain, and after the first clashes, which showed the inevitability of a break, he put on a military uniform and offered the services of a military commander to Congress.
The US War of Independence[edit / edit wiki text]
Main article: The US War of Independence
George Washington
In June 1775, Washington was unanimously elected commander in chief of the Continental Army.
He assumed command on July 3, 1775, and led the siege of Boston.
The army, created on the basis of militia detachments of various states, constantly experienced difficulties with recruitment, training and supply.
Its advantage was the tactics of the loose formation, which was successfully used against the classical linear formation of the British.
Washington managed to increase the combat capability of the troops and the level of discipline among the soldiers[5].
In 1775-1776, the campaign was held with varying success.
Fearing Washington's troops, the Boston garrison was evacuated to Halifax on March 17, 1776.
On July 2, 1776, British troops (32 thousand soldiers, including 9 thousand Hessian mercenaries) under the command of General William Howe landed on Staten Island.
Washington, which was instructed by Congress to hold New York at any cost, prepared for defense.
This was followed by the Battle of Long Island (August 27, 1776), the Battle of Harlem Heights (September 16, 1776) and the surrender of the city to the British.
With the remnants of his troops, George Washington was retreating to the south.
On December 12, Congress, which had fled from Philadelphia to Baltimore, granted Washington dictatorial powers.
Washington took revenge at Trenton (December 26) and Princeton (January 3, 1777), in March of the same year the siege of Boston ended in victory.
The success of the commander in chief increased the morale of the American army.
On October 17, 1777, the Americans won a victory at Saratoga, which strengthened the international position of the United States.
The campaign of 1777 ended with the collapse of the plans of British strategists, almost all the central states were liberated, and the British held only Philadelphia, New York and Newport.
After the Continental Army managed to win a number of victories, which ended with the surrender of the British army on November 19, 1781 at Yorktown, after which military operations in the United States practically ceased.
After the battle of Yorktown, among the officers who were afraid of non payment of salaries by Congress, there was a desire to make Washington a dictator or a king (the "Newburg conspiracy") [5].
By a personal appeal to the officer corps in March 1783, Washington restored discipline and consolidated the principle of subordination of military leadership to civilian leadership.
In November 1783, after the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty, Washington resigned from office.
After leaving the post of head of the army, Washington sent a circular letter to the state governments, advising them to strengthen the central government in order to avoid the collapse of the country.
The first President of the United States of America[edit / edit wiki text]
Presidential election[edit / edit wiki text]
Having settled after the war in his estate "Mount Vernon", Washington, nevertheless, observed the political situation in the country[5].
When the farmers of Massachusetts rebelled against the Boston government in 1786, he called his supporters to action[5].
As a supporter of strengthening the central government, dissatisfied with the Articles of Confederation, he was unanimously elected chairman of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, which drafted the Constitution of the United States of America in 1787.
Washington's support for the constitution largely contributed to its ratification by all thirteen states[5].
Washington's popularity led to his unanimous election by the Electoral College to the post of president of the country, which he took on April 30, 1789, taking the oath of office in New York.
In 1792, he was unanimously re elected for a new term, although Washington himself did not participate in his election campaign.
Until now, he remains the only US president for whom all members of the Electoral College voted.
Congress has set the annual salary of the president at $ 25,000.
Being a well off person, Washington initially refused such a reward, but later accepted the payment.
The first term[edit / edit wiki text]
One of the main goals of Washington as the head of state was to preserve democratic transformations, instill people's respect for the Constitution and from the very beginning create a state apparatus based on the principles won by the revolution.
George Washington, as the first president, tried to create precedents, to make the very concept of office clearer[5].
Throughout his reign, he constantly demonstrated respect for the Constitution, trying to promote the development of the self consciousness of the American people[5].
Washington helped to improve the functioning mechanisms of the three branches of government, laid the foundations of the political structure of the United States.
Washington surrounded himself with intellectual figures, in his first government he included Henry Knox (military affairs), Edmund Randolph (justice), the leaders of opposing political groups — the Republican Thomas Jefferson (who became the first US Secretary of State) and the federalist Alexander Hamilton (finance)[5].
The president himself tried to stay away from political conflicts, preferring to stay above the parties.
Washington tried to build cooperative relations with the Congress, very economically used the right of veto, guided by the compliance of laws with the constitution, and not by a personal position.
The first US president initiated the practice of presenting messages to the US Congress.
The most important achievement was the adoption of the Bill of Rights, passed through Congress by Madison.
This disarmed critics of the constitution, who believed that it does not provide broad rights and freedoms.
The second term[edit / edit wiki text]
The president was overcome by serious doubts whether it was worth putting forward his candidacy for a second term.
Numerous persuasions of friends, the instability of the Union and the threat of its collapse forced the weakening Washington to give in.
In 1792, Washington was unanimously re elected for a second term, which confirmed his enormous popularity.
In his second inaugural address on March 4, 1793, Washington promised to promote the constitutional form of government to take root "in the virgin soil of America."
The second term in office was focused on stabilizing the situation.
Washington's soberly calculated, cautious course prevented the involvement of the United States in European conflicts and stimulated economic recovery.
The programs developed by Hamilton to stabilize the financial and industrial development of the country, which were at odds with the intentions of the Republicans, were adopted and began to be implemented.
Washington's transition from a non partisan position to support for the federalists has aggravated the internal political situation.
In relations with the indigenous population, Washington relied more on military force, he managed to force the Indians to cede many territories.
In 1791, Congress imposed a ban on distilled alcohol, which led to protests in the border areas.
In western Pennsylvania, the protests turned into a riot, dubbed the "Whiskey Rebellion".
The federal army was too small to suppress the resistance, and Washington called the state militia and headed the 13 thousandth army to suppress the riot.
The uprising ended before military force was used.
The leaders were captured, sentenced to death, but pardoned by Washington.
These events proved the ability of the federal Government to use the armed forces to preserve the State.
During his presidency, Washington repeatedly spoke in Congress with the initiative to establish the National Academy of Sciences, but his proposals were ignored.
Capital[edit / edit wiki text]
The decision to place the federal District of Columbia between the states of Maryland and Virginia and to build the capital on the Potomac River was supposed to symbolize the equality of the South and the North.
Washington personally benefited from this, as he was one of the largest landowners in Virginia.
The President often visited the city under construction.
He personally chose the place for the presidential mansion, which became known as the "White House".
"Georgetown" became the first city in the United States, which was built according to a clear plan.
Foreign policy[edit / edit wiki text]
In the sphere of foreign policy, Washington initially established the advantage of the executive power over the legislative.
The president advocated non interference of the United States in the confrontation of European powers, issuing a proclamation of neutrality in 1793.
However, at the same time, he recognized the French revolutionary government and confirmed the treaty of friendship of 1778, avoiding, however, any conflicts.
The Jay Treaty, signed in November 1794 by the president's representative, eliminated the threat of war with Great Britain, but split the country into two camps.
More favorable was the attitude towards the Pinckney Treaty of 1795, which established the borders between the United States and the Spanish possessions and granted the Americans the right of freedom of navigation on the Mississippi.
Thus, Washington managed to strengthen the position of the United States on the American continent and protect the country from harmful interference in European affairs.
Washington's foreign policy course has also brought considerable benefits to the development of trade.
George Washington was offered to run for a third term, but he refused, explaining that the president should not hold office more than twice in a row.
In his farewell address, he confirmed that he would leave the post of president.
So Washington laid down a tradition that was observed without any legislative basis until the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the XX century.
Slaveholding[edit / edit wiki text]
He inherited land and 10 slaves from his father.
Over time, the number rose to 390.
On paper, he refused to own slaves, but pursued escaped slaves and tried to return them.[8]
The most famous slave was Oney Judge, one of the slaves who escaped twice and gave interviews to several newspapers in 1840.
Many of the former slaves had the surname "Washington".
This surname is considered the most "black" in the modern United States.[8]
Father of the Fatherland[edit / edit wiki text]
On September 20, 1796, Washington's farewell address to the nation was published, which he had been preparing since the spring of this year.
His main desire was to warn against the destructive influence of the party spirit.
To reflect this danger, the President recommended observing the principles of religion and morality as "the great pillars of human happiness".
Washington also bequeathed to "maintain peace and harmony with all countries", to develop trade relations, but to have "as few political ties as possible".
The latter provision became the basis of the policy of the Monroe doctrine and the policy of isolationism, which allowed the United States to stay away from European conflicts, increasing its influence in America itself.
In the United States, a tradition has been established: a farewell address is read out annually, on February 22, before the opening of the session of the US Congress, before the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The last years of Washington's life were spent in Mount Vernon, with his family and visitors.
Even after leaving the post of head of state, Washington often visited the capital under construction, which the workers called "Georgia".
Washington devoted a lot of time to agriculture, built a distillery on his estate.
On July 13, 1798, during a period of sharp aggravation of relations with France, President John Adams, taking into account the popularity and reputation of Washington, symbolically appointed him commander in chief of the American army with the rank of lieutenant General.
On December 13, 1799, Washington, while inspecting his possessions, spent several hours on horseback and got caught in rain and snow.
He went to dinner without changing his wet clothes.
The next morning, Washington began to have a severe runny nose, fever and a throat infection that turned into acute laryngitis and pneumonia.
The next day he got worse.
Medical means of that time did not help, and on the night of December 14-15, at the age of 67, Washington died.
Modern doctors believe that he died largely due to treatment, which included treatment with mercury chloride and bloodletting.
After her husband's death, Martha Washington burned their correspondence.
Only three letters have been preserved.
The author of the funeral resolution of the Congress, General G. Lee, described Washington as " the first in the days of war, the first in the days of peace and the first in the hearts of fellow citizens."
The capital of the country, a state, a lake and an island, a mountain and a canyon, many settlements, colleges and universities, streets and squares are named after Washington.
In 1888, a majestic monument (over 150 m high) to the first American president was opened in the US capital.
During the Bicentennial Year of the Formation of the United States (1976), Congress posthumously awarded George Washington the title of General of the Armies of the United States.
The historical significance of Washington[edit / edit wiki text]
George Washington played an outstanding role in the independence of the United States of America and made a major contribution to the formation of a young state on a solid path of development.
As commander in chief of the American forces, he led a long struggle with Great Britain, which ended in the victory of the colonies.
Washington largely contributed to the beginning of the transformation of the United States into a modern federal state.
He took an active part in the drafting and adoption of the constitution, where he is also signed as a delegate from the state of Virginia.
As president, Washington consolidated the achievements of the War of Independence, implemented the Constitution, laid the foundations of the American state and the institution of presidents, largely determining their further development.
Washington, by refusing to be elected for a third term, laid the foundations of the constitutional custom, according to which the president cannot be elected for more than two terms.
Before the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt, this restriction was not formally established by the American Constitution, but all American presidents strictly observed it.
After the death of President Roosevelt, the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution was developed and adopted, which established that the same person cannot hold the post of president for more than two terms[9].
Appearance[edit / edit wiki text]
J. Washington on a US postage stamp
J. Washington on a commemorative coin of 1 dollar
By nature, Washington had red hair[10][11].
Contrary to popular misconception, he did not wear wigs, but powdered his hair[12].
Washington has had dental problems throughout his life.
He lost his first permanent (non milk) tooth at the age of twenty two, and by the time of his presidency he had only one [13].
John Adams said that he lost them because he was gnawing Brazil nuts, but modern historians suggest that this was due to mercury oxide, which was given to Washington as a medicine for smallpox and malaria[13].
Washington had several dentures, four of which were made by the dentist John Greenwood[13].
Contrary to a popular legend in the United States, Washington's dentures were made not of wood, but of ivory, hippopotamus bone, gold, lead, as well as human teeth and animal teeth (including horse and donkey teeth)[14].
Coat of arms[edit / edit wiki text]
The coat of arms of the Washington family has been known since the XII century, when one of the ancestors of George Washington moved to the Washington Old Hall estate, located in County Durham in Northeast England.
The coat of arms is a silver shield with two red belts and three red five pointed stars at the head.
In 1938, the US Congress convened a commission to create an official flag for the District of Columbia.
The commission announced a public competition, the winner of which was the graphic designer Charles Dunn, who proposed his own version back in 1921.
The image of the flag of his authorship was based on the family coat of arms of George Washington.
On October 15, 1938, the decree on the adoption of the flag came into force.
The asteroid (886) Washingtonia, discovered in 1917, is named in honor of George Washington.
A street in Lviv (Ukraine) is named in honor of George Washington.
A giant sequoia in Sequoia National Park, California, is named in honor of George Washington.
For a long time, this tree occupied the second place in the list of the largest (by volume) giant sequoias on the planet,until it partially collapsed in January 2005.
In 1976, George Washington was posthumously awarded the title of "General of the Armies of the United States".
The fact is that during the Revolutionary War, Washington had the rank of full general, and after the war, in the Regular Army, the rank of major General, since at that time it was the highest rank in the American army.
When the next rank appeared — Lieutenant General — it was also assigned to Washington, although he had already retired, as a sign of respect as the supreme commander in chief.
However, after Washington's death, even higher ranks appeared in the American army — four -, five - and even six star generals.
So that no one could be higher than the very first supreme commander, the Congress posthumously promoted him to the highest rank[15].
On Tsaritsyn Island in Peterhof there is an oak tree that grew from an acorn tree on the grave of George Washington — a gift from the Americans to the royal family.
On the instructions of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, the oak is surrounded by a low gilded lattice and a commemorative medallion is hung on it[16].
Speeches and speeches[edit / edit wiki text]
First Inaugural speech Farewell message
Image in the cinema[edit / edit wiki text]
short film "Sons of Freedom"[en] (Sons of Liberty, 1939) - the role of J. Washington was played by Montague Love in the film "John Paul Jones" (John Paul Jones, 1959) — the role of J. Washington was performed by John Crawford TV series "George Washington" (George Washington, 1984) TV series "George Washington: The Formation of a Nation" (George Washington: The Forging of a Nation, 1986)" The Crossing "(The Crossing, 2000) mini series "John Adams" (2008) - the role of J. Washington was played by David Morse in the TV series "Sleepy Hollow" - the role of J. Washington was performed by Jim McKinney in the TV series "Turn" (2014) - in the role of J. Ian Kang spoke from Washington
Notes[edit / edit wiki text]
↑ The Founding Fathers of the USA: Symbols of faith | Washington ProFile International News & Information Agency ↑ Superanskaya A.V. Stress in proper names in modern Russian.
- Moscow: Nauka, 1966.
- p.
59. ↑ GEORGE WASHINGTON BIRTHPLACE.
National Monument (English) (20 January 2001).
Verified on March 12, 2013.
Archived from the original source on March 15, 2013.
B Bible Record for Washington Family (English).
Checked on March 12, 2013.
Archived from the original source on March 15 2013.
↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Biography of George Washington on the website "People" ↑ Washington, George / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 vol. (82 volumes and 4 supplements).
- St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
↑ http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/07/1000760/1000760a1.htm Biography of George Washington on the website of the encyclopedia "Circumnavigation" ↑ 1 2 Washington ist der "schwärzeste Name" in Amerika, in: TheEpochTimes, 22.
February 2011, abgerufen am 13.
März 2012 ↑ Kuritsyn V. M., Shalyagin D. D.
The experience of the formation of constitutionalism in the USA, Japan and Soviet Russia.
- Moscow: Academic Project, Triksta, 2004.
- 496 p.
— ISBN 5902358280.
Hom Homans, Charles (2004-10-06).
"Taking a New Look at George Washington" (unavailable link from 15-03-2014 (719 days) - history, copy).
The Papers of George Washington: Washington in the News.
Alderman Library, University of Virginia.
Retrieved on 2007-09-28 .
Ros Ross, John F (October 2005), Unmasking George Washington, Smithsonian Magazine.
↑ "George Washington's Mount Vernon: Answers".
Retrieved on 2006-06-30.
↑ 1 2 3 John Lloyd, John Mitchinson.
The Book of General Ignorance = The Book of General Ignorance.
— Harmony, 2007.
— P. 97. — ISBN 0-307-39491-3.
↑ 9:59 a.m.
ET.
Washington's False Teeth Not Wooden.
MSNBC (January 27, 2005).
Checked on August 29, 2009.
Archived from the original source on August 24, 2011.
↑ Bell William Gardner.
Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff: 1775–2005; Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer.
— Center of Military History – United States Army, 1983.
— P. 52, 66.
— ISBN CMH Pub 70–140160723760.
Vernova N., Pashchinskaya I., Rudkovas I. Tsaritsyn and Holgin pavilions.
Publishing house GMZ "Peterhof", 2008.
ISBN 978-5-91598-009-8
Literature[edit / edit wiki text]
American Presidents : 41 ist.
portr.
from D. Washington to B. Clinton / Edited by Y. Heideking; Translated from German by L. V. Sedova.
- Rostov n/A; Moscow: Phoenix: Zeus, 1997.
Annenskaya A. N. George Washington and the War for Independence.
- St. Petersburg: Montvid, censor.
1899.
Bogucharsky V. Ya.
George Washington and the foundation of the North American United States.
- M., 1895.
Valueva Munt A. P. George Washington / Comp.
A. P. Munt.
- St. Petersburg, 1880.
Guizot, Francois.
In the Struggle for Freedom: Essays from the Life of Washington.
- St. Petersburg, 1907.
Ushakov V. A. George Washington: Pages of History.
- St. Petersburg, 2006.
Yakovlev N. Washington.
- Rostov n/A: Phoenix, 1997 — - 544 p. (WZL)
Links[edit / edit wiki text]
George Washington in Wikicitatnik?
George Washington in Wikitek?
George Washington on Wikimedia Commons?
George Washington is a real American hero.
The program "Echo of Moscow " from the cycle" Everything is like this " George Washington on IMDB Washington: The Forging of a Nation on IMDB The Crossing on IMDB
The predecessor:
The position was established by the President of the United States
April 30, 1789 March 4, 1797 Successor:
John Adams
Signatories of the US Constitution Bassett * Butler • Bedford • Blount • Blair • Baldwin • Brerley • Broome • Washington* • Hamilton • Gilman[en] • Goram • Dayton * Dickinson • Jennifer * Johnson • Ingersoll • King • Climer[en] • Carroll • Livingston • Langdon • Mack Henry • Mifflin • G. Morris • R. Morris • Madison • Paterson • Ch.
Pinckney • C. K. Pinckney • Rutledge • Reed • Speight * Wilson • Williamson • Fitzsimons • Franklin • Phew • Sherman * - Chairman and Deputy from Virginia
US Presidents (list) 1-10 (1789-1841) George Washington • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison • James Monroe • John Quincy Adams • Andrew Jackson • Martin Van Buren • William Harrison • John Tyler 11-20 (1841-1881) James Polk • Zachary Taylor • Millard Fillmore • Franklin Pierce • James Buchanan • Abraham Lincoln • Andrew Johnson • Ulysses Grant • Rutherford Hayes • James Garfield 21-30 (1881-1929) Chester Arthur • Grover Cleveland • Benjamin Harrison • Grover Cleveland • William McKinley • Theodore Roosevelt • William Taft • Woodrow Wilson * Warren Harding • Calvin Coolidge 31-40 (1929-1989) Herbert Hoover • Franklin Roosevelt • Harry Truman * Dwight Eisenhower • John Kennedy • Lyndon Johnson • Richard Nixon • Gerald Ford • Jimmy Carter • Ronald Reagan 41-44 (1989—present) George Herbert Walker Bush * Bill Clinton • George Walker Bush • Barack Obama
Senior officers of the US Armed Forces Army Army Generals: Pershing | Washington (symbolically)
Army Generals: Grant | Sherman | Sheridan | Marshall | MacArthur | Eisenhower | Arnold | Bradley Navy Admiral: Dewey
Admirals of the Fleet: Porter | Farragut | Halsey | Nimitz | King | Lehi
Aviation General of the Air Force: Arnold
Thematic sites
Notable Names Database · Internet Movie Database · Project Gutenberg · Rodovod · Find a Grave · Find a Grave · Find a Grave
Dictionaries and encyclopedias Oxford Biographical Dictionary
Regulatory Control BAV: ADV10077200 * BNC: A11452754 · BNE: XX1157500 · BNF: 11928912p · EGAXA: 001094942 · GND: 11876439X · ISNI: 0000 0001 2095 8599 · LCCN: n86140996 · LNB: 000136724 · NDL: 00621629 · NKC: jn19990008936 · NLA: 35592539 · NLR: RUNLRAUTH7757607 · NSK: 000140251 · NTA: 069038171 · NUKAT: n01036872 · PTBNP: 64839 · RGB: 000025437 · LIBRIS: 241381 · SUDOC: 027333140 · VIAF: 31432428 · ULAN: 500126198
Source — "https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington, _George&oldid=76878975"
Categories: Born on February 22, Born in 1732 Persons alphabetically Born in Virginia Died on December 14, Died in 1799 Died in Virginia Buried in Virginia US Presidents George Washington Founding Fathers of the United States Revolutionaries of the United States Army Generals (USA) Participants of the Seven Years 'War Participants of the Franco Indian War History of the XVIII century Awarded the Congressional Gold Medal Awarded the honorary weapon "Armes d'honneur" Personalities:Anglicanism Freemasons USA Freemasons Great Masters Characters of Assassin's Creed
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