This article is about the demographic features of the population of Slovakia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
The demographic statistics are from the Statistical Office of the SR, unless otherwise indicated.
Population
Total population:  (as of ).
Population censuses in 1848-2011
Total Fertility Rate from 1876 to 1918
The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman.
It is based on fairly good data for the entire period.
Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.
Vital statistics
thumb|Slovakia total fertility rate by region (2014) {| width=100% |- | valign=right|
|} Births and deaths since 1919
Current vital statistics
Other demographics statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2021.
One birth every 10 minutes
One death every 9 minutes
One net migrant every 480 minutes
Net gain of one person every 1440 minutes
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.
Population
5,436,066 (July 2021 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.13% (male 423,180 /female 400,128)
15-24 years: 10.06% (male 280,284 /female 266,838)
25-54 years: 44.61% (male 1,228,462 /female 1,198,747)
55-64 years: 13.15% (male 342,142 /female 373,452)
65 years and over: 17.05% (male 366,267 /female 561,120) (2020 est.)
0–14 years: 15.6% (male 437,755; female 417,797)
15–64 years: 71.6% (male 1,955,031; female 1,965,554)
65 years and over: 12.8% (male 262,363; female 438,538 (2011 est)
Median age
total: 41.8 years.
Country comparison to the world: 41th
male: 40.1 years
female: 43.6 years (2020 est.)
total: 38 years
male: 36.5 years
female: 39.5 years (2012 est)
Birth rate
thumb|right|350px|Birth and death rates in Slovakia, 1950–2008.
9.1 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 203th
Death rate
10.08 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 34th
[[Total fertility rate]]
1.45 children born/woman (2021 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 211th
Net migration rate
0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 75rd
Population growth rate
-0.08% (2021 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 202th
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.2 years (2019 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.07 years
male: 74.56 years
female: 81.82 years (2021 est.)
[[Dependency ratio]]s
total dependency ratio: 47.6
youth dependency ratio: 23
elderly dependency ratio: 24.6
potential support ratio: 4.1 (2020 est.)
Ethnic groups
Slovak 80.7%, Hungarian 8.5%, Romani 2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Rusyn, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 7% (2011 est.)
Languages
Slovak (official) 78.6%, Hungarian 9.4%, Roma 2.3%, Rusyn 1%, other or unspecified 8.8% (2011 est.)
Religions
Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 8.2%, Greek Catholic 3.8%, other or unspecified 12.5%, none 13.4% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2018)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 19.4%.
Country comparison to the world: 81th
male: 18.3%
female: 21.2% (2020 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over:
0.6 male(s)/female total population:
0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Immigration
thumbnail|Foreign population of Slovakia in 2010.
Largest groups of foreign residents
Infant mortality rate
total: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births male 5.56 deaths/1,000 live births female 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy from 1950 to 2015 (UN World Population Prospects):
thumb|left|Linguistic structure of Slovakia in 1910 thumb|left|Linguistic structure of Slovakia in 2011 Ethnic groups
thumb|300px|right|Ethnic composition of territory of Slovakia in 1880 300px|thumb|Ethnic structure of Slovakia according to Census 2011 The majority of the 5.4 million inhabitants of Slovakia are Slovak (80.7%).
Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority (8.5%) and are concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of Slovakia.
Other ethnic groups include Roma (2.0%), Czechs, Croats, Rusyns, Ukrainians, Germans, Poles, Serbs  and Jews (about 2,300 remain of the estimated pre-WWII population of 120,000).
While both international organizations (the United Nations and the World Bank) and the official Slovak statistics office offer population figures for ethnic groups, these figures seldom come close to agreement.
Figures for the Roma population (for a variety of reasons) vary between 1% and 10% of the population.
In the most recent survey carried out by the Slovak Government's Roma Plenipotentiary, the figure for the percentage of Roma was arrived at through interview with municipality representatives and mayors, according to how many Roma they think live in their jurisdictions.
The figure arrived at by this means was in the region of 300,000 (about 5.6%).
Note that in the case of the 5.6%, however, the above percentages of Hungarians and Slovaks are lower accordingly.
'''Population of Slovakia according to ethnic group 1950–2018'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sodb.infostat.sk/sodb/eng/1848-2001/tab.III.2-2B_en.htm|title=Demographic data from population and housing censuses in Slovakia|website=Sodb.infostat.sk|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|title=Development of prices in production area in July 2017|website=Portal.statistics.sk|access-date=29 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715152521/http://portal.statistics.sk/files/Sekcie/sek_600/Demografia/SODB/Tabulky/Tabulky_AJ_SODB/tab11.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2007}}</ref>
The official state language is Slovak, and Hungarian is widely spoken in the southern regions.
Despite its modern European economy and society, Slovakia has a significant rural element.
About 45% of Slovaks live in villages with fewer than 5,000 inhabitants, and 14% in villages with fewer than 1,000.
Religion
thumb|Religious structure of Slovakia in 2011 The Slovak constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
The majority of Slovak citizens (62%) practice Roman Catholicism; the second-largest group consider themselves atheists (13%).
About 6.9% are Protestants, 4.1% are Greek Catholics, and 0.9% are Orthodox.
Reformed Christian Church 2.0%, other 6.4% (2004 survey).
See also
Roma in Slovakia
References
External links
(in Czech) summary of villages in Hungary in 1864 - 1865, PETROV, Alexej Leonidovich.
Sborník Fr. Pestyho Helység névtara-Seznam osad v Uhrách z r.
1864-65, : jako pramen historicko-demografických údajů o slovenských a karpatoruských osadách.
Praha :  Česká akademie věd a umění, 1927.
174 s.
- available online at University Library in Bratislava Digital Library
