Czech koruna, also known as Czech Crown, (sign: Kč; code: CZK, Czech: koruna česká) has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993.
The koruna is one of the European Union's 11 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future.
The official name in Czech is koruna česká (plural koruny české, though the zero-grade genitive plural form korun českých is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher).
The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin).
One koruna equals 100 haléřů (abbreviated as "h", singular: haléř, nominative plural: haléře, genitive plural: haléřů – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. 3 haléře, 8 haléřů), but haléře have been withdrawn, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.
Despite its withdrawal haléře are still present in prices of various products, but are rounded to koruna at checkout.
History
In 1892, the Austro-Hungarian krone replaced the gulden, at the rate of one gulden equaling two kronen (which is also the reason why the 10-koruna coin had been nicknamed pětka or "the five" - and has been in use in informal conversation up until nowadays).
The name "krone" was invented by the emperor, Franz Joseph I of Austria.
After Austria-Hungary dissolved in 1918, the only successor state that kept the name of the currency, the koruna, was Czechoslovakia.
In the late 1920s, the Czechoslovak koruna was the hardest currency in Europe.
During the Second World War, the currency on the occupied Czech territory was artificially weakened.
The Czechoslovak koruna was restored after the war.
It underwent a highly controversial monetary reform in 1953.
The Czech koruna replaced the Czechoslovak koruna when it was introduced in 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
It first consisted of overstamped 20-, 50-, 100-, 500-, and 1000-Czechoslovak koruna banknotes, but a new series was properly introduced in 1993.
In November 2013, the Czech National Bank (ČNB) intervened to weaken the exchange rate of the koruna through a monetary stimulus  to stop the currency from excessive strengthening.
This was meant to support the Czech economy, mainly focused on export, but people were unhappy about this step because it was set up before Christmas, which led to raising the prices of imported goods.
In late 2016, the ČNB stated that the return to conventional monetary policy was planned for mid-2017.
After higher-than-expected inflation and other figures, the national bank removed the cap at a special monetary meeting on April 6, 2017.
The koruna avoided significant volatility and City Index Group stated: "If you want to drop a currency peg, then the ČNB can show you how to do it".
Euro adoption discussion
The Czech Republic planned to adopt the euro in 2010, but its government suspended that plan indefinitely in 2005.
Although the country is economically well positioned to adopt the euro, there is considerable opposition to the move within the Czech Republic.
According to a survey conducted in April 2014, only 16% of the Czech population was in favour of replacing the koruna with the euro.
As reported by an April 2018 survey by CVVM (Public Opinion Research Center), this value has remained at nearly identical levels over the past four years, with only 20% of the Czech population above 15 years old supporting euro adoption.
Coins
The coins of the Czech koruna increase in size and weight with value.
In 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 haléřů, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 korun.
The 10- and 20-haléřů coins were taken out of circulation by 31 October 2003 and the 50-haléřů coins by 31 August 2008 due to their diminishing purchasing power and circulation.
However, financial amounts are still written with the accuracy of 1-haléř (CZK 0.01); prices in retail shops are usually multiples of CZK 0.10.
When transactions are made, the amount is rounded to the nearest integer.
In 2000, the 10- and 20-korun coins were minted with different obverses to commemorate the millennium.
In 1993 and 1994, coins were minted in Winnipeg and Hamburg, then in the Czech Republic.
The 10- and 50-korun coins were designed by  (1934–2007).
Since 1997, sets for collectors are also issued yearly with proof-quality coins.
Also, a tradition exists of issuing commemorative coins – including silver and gold coins – for numismatic purposes.
For a complete listing, see Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic.
Banknotes
The first Czech banknotes were issued on 8 February 1993 and consisted of Czechoslovak notes with adhesive stamps affixed to them.
Only the 100-, 500- and 1,000-korun notes were overstamped, the lower denominations circulated unchanged during this transitional period.
Each stamp bears a Roman and Arabic numeral identifying the denomination of the banknote to which it is affixed (C and 100, D and 500, M and 1,000).
Subsequent issues of the 1,000-korun note replaced the adhesive stamp with a printed image of same.
A newly designed series of banknotes in denominations of 20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, 500-, 1,000 and 5,000-korun were introduced later in 1993 and are still in use at present – except for 20, 50 and the first versions of 1,000 and 5,000 korun notes, since the security features of 1,000 and 5,000 notes were upgraded in the subsequent issues (The 2,000 korun note, which was introduced in 1996, is still valid in all versions, with and without the new security features).
These banknotes feature renowned Czech persons on the obverse and abstract compositions on the reverse.
Modern protective elements can be found on all banknotes.
In 2007, the Czech National Bank started issuing new upgraded banknotes with upgraded security features.
These include a new color-shifting security thread, additional watermarks and EURion constellations.
The first denomination to be issued with the new features was the 2000-korun, followed by the 1000-korun in 2008, the 500 and 5000-korun in 2009 and finally ending with the issuance of the 100 and 200-korun notes in 2018.
Stamped banknotes
Original Czech banknotes
The Greater coat of arms of the Czech Republic can be found on the reverse side of all denominations.
First original (second 1993) series
Upgraded banknotes
1993 (2007-2018) series
Commemorative banknotes
Commemorative banknote series<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zlate-mince.cz/Bankovka_Rasin.htm|title=Rašín Alois|work=zlate-mince.cz|publisher=Zlatemince.cz |access-date=6 July 2018 }}</ref>
For the 100th anniversary of the Czechoslovak koruna, a new banknote will be created, featuring the face of Czech politician Alois Rašín.
There is also an overprint on the normal 100 Korun note as second commemorative note.
Exchange rates
Historic rates<!
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You can agree on any date you would like to(if you have any other ideas) on Ukraroad talkpage.
2)Please show the official NBP currency rates.
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thumb|400px|EUR–CZK exchange rate since 1999 The currency was on a record exchange rate run in 2008.
Most traded currencies (since 31 December 2008):
Source: Czech National Bank exchange rates Czech national bank exchange rate fixing.
Available at:  |} Current rates
See also
Bohemian and Moravian koruna
Czechoslovak koruna
Slovak koruna
Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic
Czech Republic and the euro
Economy of the Czech Republic
References
External links
Czech banknotes, Czech National Bank
Czech coins, Czech National Bank
Czech banknotes (catalog, gallery and other details, history)
