Barbagia (;  or ) is a geographical, cultural and natural region of inner Sardinia, contained for the most part in the province of Nuoro and located alongside the Gennargentu massif.
The name comes from Cicero, who described the land as inhabited by barbarians (Barbaria, Βαρβαρία in Ancient Greek); Roman domination over this part of the island was in fact never more than nominal.
This word shares its etymology with the now antiquated Barbary, and both derive from the Greek Βάρβαρος, which means "stuttering".
The Sardinians from this area were also mocked by the ancient Romans with the pejorative term latrones mastrucati 'thieves wearing rough woolen garments'.
In 594, Pope Gregory the Great wrote a letter to Hospito, a Christian whom he calls the "leader of the Barbaricini" (dux barbaricinorum).
Hospito apparently permitted the evangelisation of pagan Barbagia by Christian missionaries.
The area is usually divided into five Barbagias: the Barbagia of Ollolai, the Barbagia of Seulo, the Barbagia of Belvì, the Mandrolisai, and finally the Barbagia Trigònia, the historical name by which the area of Ogliastra was once referred to.
The latter two are named after a sub-region, and the others after their main villages.
The area is full of hard hills and mountains, and there is little human presence.
Barbagia is one of the least populated areas in Europe, which has allowed Barbagia to preserve its cultural and natural treasures.
Barbagia is one of the few Sardinian regions where the Sardinian language in its own varieties, both Nuorese and Campidanese, is still spoken on an everyday basis, while the rest of the island has already mostly undergone shift to Italian.
One of the most important villages is Gavoi.
Orgosolo was famous for its bandits and kidnappers and typical murals.
Oliena is well known for its wines (especially the Nepente, a  wine made with Cannonau grapes).
Another well known town is Fonni, the highest town in Sardinia at more than 1,000 meters above sea level.
Fonni is also the gateway to the Gennargentu mountain system.
The economy consists of agriculture, sheep breeding, art and tradition related business, tourism and light industry.
See also
Cantu a tenore
References
